10748 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE May 21, 1993 SENATE-Friday, May 21, 1993

(Legislative day of Monday, April 19, 1993)

The Senate met at 10 a.m., on the ex- Mr. ROBB thereupon assumed the FE! includes such things as the im­ piration of the recess, and was called to chair as Acting President pro tempore. puted rental value of the family home; order by the Honorable CHARLES S. life insurance; the Social Security ROBB, a Senator from the State of Vir- checks of a live-in parent; tax-exempt ginia. RESERVATION OF LEADER TIME interest; most Government transfer The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ payments; IRA's; deductible retirement PRAYER pore. Under the previous order, the contributions; and health insurance, to The Chaplain, the Reverend Richard leadership time is reserved. name a few. C. Halverson, D.D., offered the follow­ What FE! really is, however, is a dis­ ing prayer: MORNING BUSINESS tortion of what a taxpayer's actual in­ Let us pray: come is. The taxpayers cannot under­ In a moment of silence, let us re­ The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ stand it. member Noel Coffey, one of our floor pore. Under the previous order, there That is, they cannot understand fam­ men, who is undergoing a third bypass will now be a period for the transaction ily economic income. They do under­ today. of morning business for not to extend stand adjusted gross income. * * * they that wait upon the Lord beyond the hour of 10:20 a.m. I challenge the Treasury to try and shall renew their strength; they shall The Senator from Iowa [Mr. GRASS­ convince average, overtaxed Ameri­ mount up with wings as eagles; they shall LEY] is recognized for up to 10 minutes. cans-you know, the ones who can't af­ run, and not be weary; and they shall ford a $200 haircut by a glitzy, Holly­ walk, and not faint.-Isaiah 40:31. THE PRESIDENT'S TAX PLAN wood hairdresser-that his or her Gracious God our Heavenly Father, health benefits and deferred retirement we join in prayer for Senator HEFLIN, Mr. GRASSLEY. Mr. President, how are actually income. that he may be restored rapidly to many times have we asked what time Taxpayers understand another dis­ heal th and strength. We thank Thee for it is, and the response came back in tribution system, based on adjusted the speedy recovery_ of Mrs. Rockefeller Greenwich mean time? Probably not gross · income. That is because they and pray that You will give her pa­ very often. Because it is an inappropri­ have to determine what their AG! is on tience until her recovery is complete. ate response. If I ask what time it is, their yearly tax forms. Father in Heaven, in a large Senate what good would it do me if someone So the clarification is needed in a family like ours, many can be hurting, responds: "It's 3 o'clock Greenwich language familiar to the taxpayers. and most of us know nothing about it. mean time?" They need a simple, bottom-line expla­ We join in prayer for those among us Earlier this year, Mr. President, nation of who owes what under the who suffer. Where there is sickness, members of the Finance Committee on President's tax plan. grant recovery. Where there is loneli­ which I serve, asked the Treasury De­ After all, the President said no one ness, remind them of Your nearness. partment, in effect, what time it is. making less than $30,000 a year will be Where there is tragedy, fill hearts with This week, we received their response. taxed under his plan. Your peace. Where there is alienation It was equally inappropriate. I think we all know that that is balo­ in the family, bring healing and rec­ They responded with the . equivalent ney. A skeptical public-already grave­ onciliation. Where there is financial or Greenwich mean time. They pro- ly afflicted,with promise shock in this difficulty, remind them You have . vided a dissertation on why Greenwich young administration-wants to see for promised to supply all their needs. mean time is a preferred standard for itself. Seeing is believing, when it Loving Lord, touch every life in our telling time than is eastern daylight comes to taxes, and when it comes to family where there is need, and help us time. What good does that do, Mr. this administration. all remember that You are a God of in­ President? So the committee's request was for a fini;,e, unconditional love, and that Now, why would I be standing here in response in terms of adjusted gross in­ You really care. Washington, DC, wanting to know come. Instead, the response was a dis­ We pray in the name of the Great Greenwich mean time? Physician. Amen. course on why family economic income Let me put the issue more in context. is a more appropriate system for the In February, several of us on the Fi­ taxpayers. But what good does this an­ APPOINTMENT OF ACTING nance Committee, led by Senator ROTH swer do for the taxpayers? PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE and Senator PACKWOOD, asked Sec­ They still do not know where they The PRESIDING OFFICER. The retary Lloyd Bentsen for clarification stand. clerk will please read a communication of the President's tax plan. Clarifica­ And so today, I have made a new re­ to the Senate from the President pro tion was essential. The tax tables sup­ quest-to the President. I made a re­ tempore [Mr. BYRD]. plied by the Treasury were based on quest for this data on how his program The assistant legislative clerk read what is known as family economic in­ and tax increases square when on a the following letter: come. level playing field with adjusted gross U.S. SENATE, FE! is a system well-known to econo­ income. PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE, mists and policymakers. In fact, they Mr. President, no one disputes the Washington, DC, May 21, 1993 ." are the only ones who understand it. worth of distribution tables based on To the Senate: The average taxpayer does not. family economic income. Family eco­ Under the provisions of rule I, section 3, of Let me take a stab at explaining nomic income has been around for a the Standing Rules of the Senate, I hereby what FE! is. It is an attempt to meas­ appoint the Honorable CHARLES s. ROBB, a long time. But so has adjusted gross in­ Senator from the State of Virginia, to per­ ure a family's economic well-being. It come. And both sets of tables have form the duties of the Chair. includes noncash income which is not been provided to the public by previous ROBERT C. BYRD, included in adjusted gross income, or administrations. President pro tempore. AGL Until now.

e This "bullet" symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by a Member of the Senate on the floor. May 21, 1993 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 10749 Why do you suppose that is, Mr. that the administration has been chal­ year, domestic production fell below 7 President? lenged, they should come clean. million barrels per day-the lowest And on what basis is the information Stonewalling only draws more atten­ level since 1960. It does not take any denied? The only rational explanation tion to what they are hiding. knowledge of the oil industry to figure given was in a letter of response to President Clinton, give us the data. out if domestic production is dropping Senator PACKWOOD from Secretary I yield the floor. and imports are rising, we've got a Bentsen, dated May 18. Mr. President, I suggest the absence problem. Let me quote from that letter. Sec­ of a quorum. The key measure of the heal th of the retary Bentsen writes: The· ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ domestic oil industry is the active The Treasury Department continues to be­ pore. The clerk will call the roll. drilling rig count-the amount of ac­ lieve that a distribution table using AGI as The legislative clerk proceeded to tual exploration being conducted. The the income measure would confuse, rather call the roll. first 3 months of 1993 saw the average than clarify, assessment of the administra­ Mr. DOLE. Mr. President, I ask unan­ number of drilling rigs looking for oil tion's revenue proposals. imous consent that the order for the and natural gas in the United States Mr. President, let me repeat that quorum call be rescinded. dwindle to 74-an all-time low. For quote. The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ comparison, this is down from 78 in This is from Secretary Bentsen's let­ pore. Without objection, it is so or­ 1992 and 114 in 1991. Throughout the ter back to us in the Congress. dered. 1970's and early 1980's, the number The Treasury Department continues to be­ The Republican leader is recognized. averaged 408. Domestic production can­ lieve that a distribution table using adjusted Mr. DOLE. We are in morning busi­ not increase without an increase in the gross income as the income measure would rig count. Yet, it too is on a decline confuse, rather than clarify, assessment of ness; is that correct? The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ with no indication of reversal. the administration's revenue proposals. According to the Bureau of Labor Now, Mr. President, I do believe that pore. The Senator is correct. The pe­ riod for morning business has not yet Statistics, the oil and gas industry has statement borders on the cynical. The lost 477,000 jobs over the past 10 year&- President stated that no one under formally terminated. Under the pre­ 52 percent of this industry's entire $30,000 would be taxed under his pro­ vious order, the period for morning work force. What needs to be done to posal. Taxpayers have a right to verify business is to be concluded by 10:20 make America competitive, to reduce that statement. Taxpayers understand a.m. our foreign trade deficit, to increase adjusted gross income. They do not un­ Mr. DOLE. Mr. President, is the lead­ employment, and to stimulate this derstand family economic income. Ta­ er time reserved? economy is to find some way to help bles based on AGI have always been The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ the oil industry. made available to the public. For some pore. The Senator is correct. But, the proposal we have from the reason, this administration is covering administration is to impose a crushing it up. Without that data, taxpayers THE BTU TAX AND JOBS tax on this very industry. I am not cannot verify the President's word. aware of any example of the Govern­ Did the President misspeak? Is this Mr. DOLE. Mr. President, yesterday ment stimulating an industry by tax­ another breach of the public trust? morning's papers carried accounts of ing it. Yet that is what we are being Give us the data, President Clinton. our Nation's trade deficit being the asked to do under the Btu tax. This was supposed to be an adminis­ worst in 4 years. However, the spot­ In the oil and gas business, the cost tration that would outlaw smoke and light of blame is being directed at the of fuel and chemicals used to produce mirrors. What is this, if not smoke and wrong villain. For those of you who the crude and gas is usually between 10 mirrors?. missed it, Wednesday's papers told us and 20 percent of the total costs of pro­ Mr. President, this is not a partisan that, during the past 4 months, domes­ duction. Yet, those are not fully ex­ issue. The chairman of the Finance tic oil production was at a 32-year low, empt. We will make our oil even more Committee has also supported the re­ and imported oil had to take its place. expensive, driving oil imports and the lease of this information. Unfortunately, the immediate future trade deficit higher and the number of Senator PAT MOYNIHAN of New York, doesn't hold much hope for turning domestic jobs lower. the chairman of the Senate Finance this bad news around-the number of Realistic estimates of total job losses Committee has requested the very drilling rigs operating in the first 3 due to a Btu tax range between 400,000 same information from the administra­ months of this year was an all time and 600,000. We simply cannot allow tion that Senator PACKWOOD and Sen­ low. Now, to guarantee there will be no such a wrong-headed policy to be en­ ator ROTH has asked for. long-term solution, President Clinton acted at a time we are promising to in­ Rather, this is clearly a bipartisan continues to insist that we impose an crease employment. issue. It is the case of the people versus additional tax on this already crippled I urge President Clinton to review the Clinton administration. The ad­ industry and on our crippled trade defi­ the facts and reconsider his request for justed gross income data is exhibit A, cit. the Btu tax. We cannot afford it at a and it is missing. We need to lay ex­ The news stories on the trade figures time that the oil industry and the point to the fact that we have the larg­ trade deficit are in such perilous shape. hibit A out on the table. The adminis­ The· ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ tration's failure to provide this data is est deficit with Japan. What most fail to explain is the real story: Last year, pore. The Chair recognizes the Senator a failure to level with the American from Kentucky [Mr. FORD]. people. It is a further violation of the imported oil represented over one-half Mr. FORD. Mr. President, I want to public trust, and it further erodes the of the entire U.S. merchandise trade compliment the Republican leader for credibility of this administration. deficit. Oil imports for the first 3 admitting that 52 percent of the oil in­ Judging from their reluctance to pro­ months were 6.2 percent higher than dustry was lost in the last decade. It vide this data, it must be incriminat­ the year before and the highest since just is not something that occurred in ing. August of 1991. As I have said before, the last 4 months. So I welcome his re­ It apparently would show that the our biggest trade problem really is not marks. It appears that, again, they are President's tax bill is really much Toyotas or Sony&-it is oil. trying to make everyone think it just broader and more extensive than what So, 53.2 percent of our trade deficit in occurred in the last few months. the taxpayers have been led to believe 1992 was crude oil and petroleum prod­ and what the President has admitted. uct. In response, rather than opening It apparently hits those making sub­ new areas for exploration, we closed OLDER AMERICANS MONTH stantially less than $30,000 a year. them. Rather than streamlining regu­ Mr. COHEN. Mr. President, I am No President can hold the trust of lations, we have increased them. As a pleased once again to take this time to the Nation by deceiving them. Now result, for the first 4 months of this commemorate Older Americans Month. 69- 059 0-97 Vol. 139 (Pt. 8) 9 10750 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE May 21, 1993 We set aside this time to recognize visits by the general population. They Mr. President, in this Nation today the contributions made by millions of are hospitalized over three times as we are on the verge of inter­ senior citizens to our great Nation. often as the younger population, stay generational warfare, as various groups Without their willingness to sacrifice, 50 percent longer, and use twice as compete for scarce Government funds their embrace of hard work, their en­ many prescription drugs. brought on by our massive Federal def­ durance of poverty and hard times, and These figures demonstrate that as icit. It is widely believed that the new their moral strength, America would our overall health care costs continue administration will place a special em­ be a very different place indeed. to rise, the elderly will continue to phasis on issues affecting children, in The celebration of Older Americans shoulder a greater financial burden. At part due to First Lady Hillary Rodham Month is one small but meaningful way the same time, they are far more likely Clinton's involvement in the Children's of acknowledging the fundamental role to be on a fixed income. Defense Fund. While children's welfare seniors have played in the perpetuation Finally, the projected growth of the is an important priority, we must re­ and preservation of our democracy. It aging population, while still several sist the temptation to pit generation is a time to express a debt of gratitude years away, raise important questions against generation in dividing up the to them as well as a time to assess our about our ability to serve them ade­ Government pie. Instead, we must progress on enriching their lives. quately. By the year 2030, the size of work together to find the best solu­ At present, senior citizens over the the population over 65 is expected to tions for our society as a whole, plac­ age of 65 comprise about 12 percent of double to where it constitutes one­ ing special emphasis on the needs of the population. While their annual in­ quarter of our Nation's population. the most disadvantaged, regardless of come is slightly less than that of their During this time, the &ize of the popu­ age. younger counterparts, age 18 to 65, the lation over the age of 85 is expected to In my work on senior volunteer pro­ rate of poverty for seniors has been re­ triple. grams, I have been inspired by the duced more than half since 1966. Life If current trends in the lifestyle of enormous contributions made by sen­ expectancy rates for seniors have in­ our elders continue, we will be facing iors to their communities because of creased significantly in this century. formidable challenges in caring for the their commitment to serving others. Retirement is a greater option for frail elderly who don't require institu­ Let us not turn our back on them. Let many more seniors than in the past, tionalization, in making health care us work together to resolve common and it lasts longer as well. affordable for those on fixed incomes, problems, and let us recognize how im­ These statistics paint a relatively and in ensuring that seniors continue portant it is to bind generations to­ sunny portrait of our senior popu­ to be involved in community life. Both today's senior citizens and the gether rather than split them apart. lation, and reflect the success of pro­ aging baby-boomers face serious prob­ The problems that confront us will grams like Social Security, Medicare, lems that directly affect their well­ have enormous consequences for the fu­ the Older Americans Act and others being and that of our Nation as a ture, especially for those citizens who that have helped to improve the lives whole. These include the potential in­ will be reaching age 65 in the next 30 of our older population. years. They are problems that must be As we move into the 21st century, solvency of the Federal fund that guar­ antees private pensions, the health of handled now so that both today's sen­ however, we must take heed of the the Social Security trust fund, ever-in­ ior citizens and those who will become coming changes in the statistical por­ creasing costs of prescription drugs, seniors 40 years from now can live in trait of the elderly population if we are the availability of affordable long-term security. to avoid serious challenges to their care, and the potential elimination of The recent elevation of the position health and well-being. In addition, we retiree heal th benefits. of administrator of the Administration must continue to pay close attention As I have traveled my State of Maine on Aging to the Assistant Secretary to the needs of today's senior popu­ and listened to its senior citizens, it is level and the recognition of long-term lation so that we can tackle the prob­ evident that these concerns are very care as a crucial component of com­ lems that face in living their golden real. Maine's statistical portrait is gen­ prehensive health care reform are en­ years. erally similar to the national one. The couraging early signals of this adminis­ What do these statistics show? In proportion of elderly residents in tration's attitude toward issues affect­ 1989, almost a third of those over the Maine is slightly greater than the na­ ing senior citizens and I urge its con­ age of 65 lived alone. Among people tional average, and in the next 30 tinued attention to these and other is­ over the age of 85, however, far more, years, the number of individuals over sues affecting the elderly. in fact almost half, lived alone. The the age of 65 is expected to more than As we take stock of how far we have number of women in these age cat­ double in size. come during this Older Americans egories is daunting indeed; a full 82 per­ As in the Nation as a whole, today's Month celebration, let us also take cent are widowed. They face special problems are pressing indeed in my stock of the vast amount of work that problems. Because they worked in low­ State. The number of seniors living remains to be done to see that those paying jobs or did not work at all, poverty in Maine exceeds the national reaching their older years can remain their S'Ocial Security checks are not average by 3 percentage points. In vibrant, independent, and involved citi­ generous. As a result, the rate of pov­ some counties in Maine, over half of zens of this Nation. erty for those over 85 living alone is far those residents living alone are over I would like to state that the Senate higher then for other segments of the the age of 65. The rural nature of the Special Committee on Aging remains population. They are more vulnerable State poses special challenges to those dedicated to focusing on the special to criminal and fraudulent activities, working to reach poor, isolated seniors problems of this segment of our popu­ they are more isolated, and they often and improve their quality of life. The lation. escape the reach of even the most ac­ task is an enormous one, but we must Over the years, the committee has tive aging network. We must do more remain committed to it. done an enormous amount of work not to make the quality of life better for Unfortunately, senior citizens, who only on behalf on the elderly, but also this segment of our elder populations. have contributed so much to this coun­ of benefit to the Federal Treasury. It Let's also look more closely at sta­ try over the years, are beginning to has uncovered fraud and inefficiencies tistics on the health of today's older hear the cries and whispers of others in our Federal programs and proposed Americans. While these seniors are liv­ who believe that they have received solutions that will save the taxpayers ing longer, they remain disproportion­ more than their fair share; that they over $6.5 billion in wasteful spending ately dependent on heal th services in are living well at the expense of the by 1997. The bulk of these savings, comparison to other segments of the younger generation, and that they some $6.3 billion, is the result of legis­ population. They visit a physician ought not to ask for any more from the lation developed by the committee eight times a year, compared with five rest of us. that ensures that the Medicaid Pro-

·- ...... _._ ----- ~.._._ ... -~~·-----~ ...... '.-'-- ...... __, .. __, ----- .. - .... J-...... May 21, 1993 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 10751 gram obtains the lowest price on pre­ The problems of the elderly are uni­ of the close of business on Wednesday, scription drugs. versal-we are all growing old. Many of May 19. Averaged out, every man, Another $200 million will be saved by us are lucky enough to still have our woman, and child in America owes a a measure developed by the committee parents or grandparents in our lives. part of this massive debt, and that per that stops fraudulent billing practices Their concerns are our concerns. capita share is $16,685.97. by medical equipment suppliers. President John F. Kennedy once said, Additional work by the committee "It is not enough for a great nation over the years has resulted in signifi­ SOUTH TUCSON POLICE OFFICER merely to add new years to life-our JOHN A. VALENZUELA cant savings to the American objective must also be to add new life consumer. For example, over 60,000 to those years." All the breakthroughs Mr. DECONCINI. Mr. President, it is citizens have requested an Aging Com­ in medicine and health care that result with great sadness that I rise today to mittee report outlining how to receive in longer life are meaningless if those pay tribute to South Tucson police of­ free or low-cost prescription drugs additional years are spent in poverty, ficer John A. Valenzuela who was shot from pharmaceutical manufacturers. isolation, or despair. and killed in the line of duty on Mon­ The committee has developed legisla­ And so, the Senate Special Commit­ day, May 17, 1993-the first South Tuc­ tion and consumer information prints tee on Aging remains dedicated to son officer killed in the line of duty protecting the elderly against market­ breathing new life into our years, not since the 1-square-mile city was incor­ ing abuses in the complicated private just for today's senior population but porated in 1939. MediGap and long-term care insurance also for their children and grand­ Mr. President, we are quickly losing markets. children. I look forward to its contin­ control of our streets and our neighbor­ Legislation was developed by the hoods to gangs, drugs, and violent committee that strengthened the law ued contribution to improving the quality of life for millions of seniors crime. More than ever, America needs against misleading mailings designed additional law enforcement officers to dupe seniors into believing they are nationwide. and resources on our streets and in our officially sanctioned Social Security Thank you, Mr. President. neighborhoods. mailings. Night after night our televisions are The committee has also begun a se­ RULES COMMITTEE ACTION ON filled with horrifying scenes of sense­ ries of hearings on several new types of THE OREGON PETITIONS less murders-none more senseless consumer frauds perpetrated against Mr. FORD. Mr. President, the Com­ than the death of a police officer who the elderly. has dedicated his or her life to protect­ In the first 5 months of this year, the mittee on Rules and Administration, in ing the very freedoms that all of us ex­ Aging Committee's agenda has focused fulfilling its responsibility on the peti­ pect and enjoy. on the desperate need for more options tions related to the 1992 senatorial Mr. President, we are living in a time and flexibility in long-term care serv­ election in Oregon that were referred in our Nation's history where the brave ices for senior citizens and their fami­ to the committee on January 5 and 20, men and women of law enforcement are lies who care for them; consumer rip­ 1993, took the following action. facing a criminal element that is well offs that have targeted or dispropor­ The committee appointed counsel to organized, well funded, and well tionately hurt the elderly; health care advise and assist in the consideration armed-a time where law enforcement fraud, which accounts for up to $90 bil­ of the petitions. Briefs were requested is on the front line every day reclaim­ lion a year in our heal th care budget; from counsels. Copies of these briefs ing our streets and neighborhoods. skyrocketing prescription drug cost, were provided to members. After re­ Were it not for their bravery and dedi­ and their effect on senior citizens; view of the briefs the committee voted cation, there would be no front line to grandparents who are raising their to hold a hearing to receive oral argu­ protect-no front line to defend our children due to drug abuse or violence ments on the legal issues by the coun­ friends, families, and loved ones from a affecting their own children; and sel for the petitioners and counsel for world in constant jeopardy. health prevention strategies for seniors Senator PACKWOOD. Copies of the tran­ Recently, I attended the annual Na­ and how these measures can save bil­ scripts of this hearing were then pro­ tional Law Enforcement Officers' Me­ lions of dollars in health care expendi­ vided to members. The committee then morial Fund event in Washington, DC, tures. reached the stage in its consideration to honor those men and women of law Since the start of the 103d Congress, when it had to decide the next steJ}-es­ enforcement who have fallen in the the committee has also sponsored Sen­ sentially whether the review should be line of duty-individuals who have ate-wide briefings and forums on a va­ terminated or whether to proceed with given their lives so that we can live riety of issues, such as long-term care, further review under the Senate's con­ ours free from fear and violence. prescription drugs, guardianship, stitutional power to exclude. Etched on its walls are the names of health care fraud, violence against el­ Mr. President, the committee made 13,296 brave men and women who gave derly women, transportation for the el­ its decision, by a unanimous vote, at their last full measure of devotion in derly, the appropriateness of cataract its meeting of May 20, 1993, to wit that order to fulfill the No. 1 priority of our surgery, and heal th care reform from the committee take no further action Government: To protect every Amer­ rural areas. on the petitions related to the 1992 sen­ ican citizen from violence at home and Suffice it to say that the committee atorial election in Oregon. on the streets. continues to work on a wide variety of All materials in this matter will be­ Mr. President, I would hope that all problems facing the aging population come a part of the finished business Americans could visit this memorial and to propose'meaningful solutions to records of the Committee on Rules and and read the inscription etched on its them. In the long run, the work of the Administration. wall. It reads, "It is not how these offi­ committee benefits not just a particu­ I have requested the committee staff cers died that made them heroes, it is lar segment of our population but soci­ to prepare a report setting forth the how they lived." We celebrate John ety as a whole. committee's proceedings in this matter Valenzuela's life while mourning his It is my privilege as ranking minor­ and stating the basis for its decision. tragic death. ity member of the Special Committee That report will be filed in the com­ Officer Valenzuela was a South Tuc­ on Aging to work with Senator DAVID mittee records for future reference. son native and a graduate of Pueblo PRYOR on these issues. Under his able High School. He was a former YMCA and talented chairmanship, the com­ and Pima County animal control work­ mittee has been in the forefront in ad­ IRRESPONSIBLE CONGRESS? HERE er who spent roughly 9 months with dressing issues of concern to today's IS TODAY'S BOXSCORE the Tucson Police Department before senior citizens, as well as the seniors of Mr. HELMS. Mr. President, the Fed­ joining the South Tucson force about tomorrow. eral debt stood at $4,285,942,530,790.21 as 14 months ago. 10752 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE May 21, 1993 Officer Valenzuela was a highly re­ TRIBUTE TO BETTIS RAINSFORD organizations. He is historian and treasurer of the Edgefield County Historical Society spected, religious man who loved work­ Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, my ing with youngsters. He had just re­ and serves on the executive council of the hometown newspaper, the Aiken South Caroliniana Society. The Rainsford ceived a promotion he considered to be Standard, recently published an edi­ family in 1989 established the June Rainsford an ideal job-heading the department's torial about my good friend Bettis Henderson Chair of Local and Southern His­ crime prevention unit while working as Rainsford, executive vice president of tory at USCA, honoring his beloved aunt, a community resource officer with Delta Woodside Industries, Inc. Bettis since deceased. youngsters at Mission View and Ochoa is one of the finest businessmen our A long-time friend, U.S. Rep. Butler Der­ Elementary Schools. State has produced, and the people of rick of Edgefield has a fitting personal ap­ praisal of Mr. Derrick: "Bettis is like a Mr. President, officer Valenzuela was his home county of Edgefield, SC, are one of the good guys. He was a man brother to me and is one of the finest people very proud of his business acumen. He I've known in my life," the Congressman who was devoted to his family, his has also done a tremendous amount to says. ''He has drive and ambition like no one fiancee Irma Madrigal, his department, improve the quality of life in Edgefield else I've known and is one of the kindest and and his community. This is a difficult and the adjoining areas. most generous people you'll ever find." time for all those who knew him, but Bettis is one of my best friends and We salute Mr. Rainsford on this distinction his legacy of dedication to duty will one of the finest people I know, and I and USCA on its choice of a recipient for its live on. commend the Aiken Standard for pay­ honorary degree program. Mr. President, I would like to express ing him such a fine tribute. Mrs. Thur­ my deep condolences to officer mond and I are thoroughly in accord Valenzuela's family, to his fiancee with this editorial. I ask unanimous SIS INABINET NAMED WOMAN OF Irma Madrigal, and to the South Tuc­ consent that a copy of the editorial be THE YEAR son force. I urge my colleagues to re­ printed in the RECORD following my re­ Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, the member officer Valenzuela in their marks. Charleston, SC, Federation of Women's thoughts and prayers today. There being no objection, the edi­ Clubs recently named D. Elizabeth torial was ordered to be printed in the Inabinet-or "Sis", as she is univer­ RECORD, as follows: sally known-as their woman of the "DOCTOR OF BUSINESS" FITTING HONOR FOR year. Ms. Inabinet is an outstanding A PLACE AMONG NATIONS BETTIS RAINSFORD lady, and I would like to commend the At age 41, Bettis Rainsford of Edgefield is federation for making such an excel­ Mr. MACK. Mr. President, a year ago already a legend in his time. A distinguished lent choice. this February I had the opportunity to educator has called him "one of the bright­ As President of the Nation's oldest visit with one of Israel's most dynamic est young financial executives in the coun­ try, who is already well-known among all chamber of commerce, the Charleston leaders, Benjamin Netanyahu. Many Trident Chamber of Commerce, Ms. Americans will remember Mr. the major financial institutions." That was four years ago, and since that Inabinet has been a tireless worker on Netanyahu, known to Israelis as time Mr. Rainsford's fame has grown further behalf of the city of Charleston. She "Bibi," from his television appearances to match his 6-foot-7 frame. has recently been devoting the lion's during the gulf war. In our meeting in It was highly appropriate that the Univer­ share of her considerable energy to or­ Jersualem, I was very impressed with sity of South Carolina, in exercises at the ganizing the local effort to save our USC-Aiken campus Thursday night, awarded Netanyahu's presentation of Israel's Navy facilities, and she has been a for­ case. Since our meeting, Netanyahu Mr. Rainsford its honorary degree of doctor of business administration. For few business­ midable advocate. has been elected leader of the Likud Mr. President, Sis Inabinet is a party, now the major opposition party men can demonstrate a keener understand­ ing of the business world than Mr. Rainsford. woman of character and courage, a tal­ in Israel. A graduate of Harvard University and the ented, energetic and articulate rep­ This month, Netanyahu's quest to University of South Carolina Law School, resentative for Charleston and our educate the world about Israel contin­ Mr. Rainsford came home to Edgefield and State, and we are proud of her. I ask organized the Edgefield Health Care Center, ued with the American release of his unanimous consent that an article new book, "A Place Among Nations." I an 81-bed nursing home. He also bought and merged several newspapers and today owns from the Charleston Post and Courier have reviewed the book, and I strongly be printed in the RECORD at this point. recommend it, not only to every Mem­ the Citizen-News of Edgefield and the Post in North Augusta. There being no objection, the article ber of Congress, but to anyone who Mr. Rainsford's venture into the textile was ordered to be printed in the studies or cares about Israel's struggle business occurred in 1981 at a time when the RECORD, as follows: for existence in the Middle East. South's textile industry appeared to be It is hard to think of a historic con­ dying. The old Edgefield Cotton Mill was SIS INABINET NAMED WOMAN OF THE YEAR flict that has become so distorted as closing, leaving 200 persons without jobs. Mr. D. Elizabeth "Sis" Inabinet was named Rainsford-who, it is said, had never even Woman of the Year by the Charleston Fed­ the Arab-Israeli conflict. Even the eration of Women's Clubs. The ceremony term "Arab-Israeli conflict" to some been in a texile mill-had an idea. He en­ listed the interest of E. Erwin Maddrey, took place Tuesday night at the group's an­ extent distorts the record, because it former Riegel Textile president, in buying nual meeting at the Marriott hotel. implies a symmetry that does not the mill and converting it into a yarn mill. She was honored for her work to benefit exist. Israel has never had a conflict Out of those beginnings grew Delta Woodside the community and for her involvement with with the Arab States; it is the Arab Industries, Inc. The company acquired other an assortment of civic clubs and organiza­ States that have objected to Israel's idle plants and invested in upgrading old tions. right to exist. "A Place Among Na­ equipment and buying new machines. Today As the first woman president of the na­ Delta Woodside has 31 locations in four tion's oldest Chamber of Commerce, Inabinet tions" explodes many myths surround­ has played a key role in the "In Defense of ing the history of Israel's founding, and states and Costa Rica. It employs 8,300 peo­ ple and reported sales of $705 million and Charleston" campaign to keep the local the repeated Arab attempts to elimi­ earnings in excess of $40 million last year. Naval facilities from closing. nate Israel since 1948. The company last year also dedicated a Inabinet made a presentation to the Base Mr. President, whatever your view on modern new yarn mill in Edgefield and Closure and Realignment Commission when Israel's internal politics, this book will named it in honor of Mr. Rainsford. it visited Charleston. Her topic was commu­ make a tremendous contribution to His company, which he serves as executive nity infrastructure, i.e. how the area is well­ your understanding of the extraor­ vice president, chief financial officer and suited and cost-effective for the Navy. Most people may know her from that high­ dinary story of Israel's birth and con­ treasurer, has indeed ''restored life to a sec­ tor of the U.S. textile industry that most ly visible effort to keep the Navy here, but tinued survival. It is one of the most textile men had given up for dead," as for years she has been serving the commu­ eye-opening books I have seen on this Forbes magazine reported in a 1989 article. nity in other ways. issue, and I recommend it strongly to Mr. Rainsford is a lover of local and South Inabinet was chairman for the Trident my colleagues and to all Americans. Carolina history and is active in numerous United Way's 1991-92 campaign and continues ... _..., -· - ,,,, .. . ..

May 21, 1993 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 10753 to volunteer with that organization. She has ment that emphasizes the public inter­ 52 percent, to $678 million. Let me re­ served on the executive and fundraising com­ est, not the special interest. They be­ peat that. House and Senate candidates mittees of the Charleston Symphony. lieve that campaign financing is out of in 1992 spent an incredible $678 million. In addition to her work with the chamber, control, excessive, and unduly influenc­ Americans know money talks. And she has been active in other economic devel­ opment initiatives for the Trident area. She ing Senators and Representatives. And Americans believe Congress is awash in serves as the city of Charleston's appointed that is what this bill is all about. It is special interest money. They think representative to the Trident Economic De­ about reforming our political system. they have a pretty good idea of how velopment Authority, is active in the Berke­ President Clinton has been wise to this place operates and what is wrong. ley County Economic Development Council make political reform a priority. I Americans know political reform must and works with Charleston's headquarters think it is clear that political reform take place before we can solve our committee to attract corporations to the must occur if we are to reconnect the most complex problems. area. American people with their Govern­ Mr. President, this debate is about In the field of higher education, she has reforming ourselves. Americans are helped to shape nearly every local institu­ ment, and our constituents have clear­ tion, serving on the College of Charleston's ly demanded political reform. losing patience on this issue. I find Foundation Board, Charleston Southern Uni­ The business that we do in the Sen­ that Americans understand how seri­ versity's Board of Visitors, the Trident Tech­ ate is a product of the way we do busi­ ous the budget deficit issue is. They nical College Foundation Board of Trustees ness. If we expect to produce meaning­ are demanding immediate signs of and the Medical University's scholarship ful legislation to reduce the deficit, or progress on this issue, and we must committee. reform heal th care, or address the begin to bring the deficit numbers Inabinet's other activities include the many other issues which face our coun­ down. But they understand it will not Charleston Rotary Club, the Charleston be solved overnight. The same is true Manufacturers Club, the South Carolina His­ try, we must begin by looking at the torical Society, the Gibbes Museum of Art, system which produces this legislation. of health care, and crime, and welfare the Charleston Museum and the As President Clinton said in his State reform, and so many other issues which Ansonborough Neighborhood Association. of the Union Address, face us. Americans demand progress, In addition, she has participated in an as­ We must begin again to make Government but they know these complex problems sortment of leadership training seminars and work for ordinary taxpayers, not simply for will not be solved overnight. workshops, including Women's Vision 2000 at. organized interest groups. And that begin­ But when it comes to the way we act, Columbia College and Leadership Trident. ning will start with real political reform. Mr. President, Americans have no pa­ Inabinet is Southern Bell's director of cor­ These same sentiments were ex­ tience for excuses. Americans are tired porate and external affairs for the Coastal Region. She was the first woman to become pressed by Ross Perot during the cam­ · of excuses. Americans are tired of en­ district manager in Charleston and the first paign, who said "before we can hope to trenched incumbents. And Americans fP.male Charleston district engineer during eliminate our deficit, we have to over­ are tired of our inability to regulate her career of more than 20 years with the haul the political system that created our own conduct when it comes to con­ company. it.'' So I think there is very clear and trolling the flow of money into our A native of Orangeburg County, she grad­ widespread agreement that we must campaigns. uated from James Island High School and at­ make political reform a reality. In many ways, Mr. President, this de­ tended the College of Charleston. Mr. President, I believe we have bate is as much about term limits as it taken significant steps in the right di­ is about money. I have not favored CONCLUSION OF MORNING rection already this year. We have term limits, Mr. President, because I BUSINESS passed meaningful reform of the way believe they are a diversion from our lobbyists conduct business by passing real problems. I believe they are a The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ the Lobbying and Disclosure Act ear­ quick fix solution which will have lit­ pore. The period for morning business lier this month. And just yesterday, we tle relation to the ability of Congress is now closed. made significant advances in simplify­ to solve problems. In many ways, they ing and improving our voting registra­ will make problem solving more dif­ CONGRESSIONAL SPENDING LIMIT tion procedures when President Clinton ficult. But in a certain way, Mr. Presi­ AND ELECTION REFORM ACT OF signed the motor-voter bill into law. dent, they are a rational reaction from 1993 But we must do much more. Reform Americans. It is a reaction where of our election laws must be an essen­ Americans are essentially telling us, The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ tial component of the political reform "if you can't even solve your own prob­ pore. Under the previous order, the agenda. Mr. President, when most lems, we will solve them for you. If you Senate will now proceed to the consid­ Americans think about participating in can't figure out how to control your­ eration of S. 3, the Congressional the political process, they think about selves, we will figure it out for you." Spending Limit and Election Reform voting. Voting participation was up Fourteen States had term limit initia­ Act of 1993, which the clerk will report. significantly in the last election. Some tives on the ballot in 1992, and all 14 The assistant legislative clerk read Americans even think about volunteer­ succeeded. as follows: ing for campaigns, by stuffing enve­ In my view, every time we filibuster, A bill (S. 3) the Congressional Spending lopes or distributing bumper stickers we are boosting the term-limit move­ Limit and Election Reform Act of 1993. or putting up yard signs. And more re­ ment. Every time we see gridlock, we The Senate proceeded to consider the cently, when some Americans think of are boosting the term-limit movement. bill. participating in the political process, Every time Americans hear about spe­ Mr. FORD. Mr. President, toqay we they think of calling in to a television cial interest loopholes, we are boosting start a new chapter in the debate on or radio talk show. the term-limit movement. And every campaign finance reform. We hope it But there is only a very small frac­ election when we see more special in­ will be the beginning of the last chap­ tion of Americans, Mr. President, who terest money flowing into our cam­ ter, and I believe this is an issue where equate participating in the political paigns, we are boosting the term-limit most Senators want to pass reform leg­ process with pulling out their check­ movement. islation and move forward. books. Only a select few even have this So Mr. President, we have some obvi­ We read a lot about term limits. We option. But when most Americans ous choices. If we fail to limit spend­ have heard a lot about chairmanship think about what is wrong with the po­ ing, the American people will limit us. limits. But Mr. President, these are not litical process, they can think of only Limit special interests, or the Amer­ the real concerns of the American peo­ three things: money, money, and more ican people will limit us. ple. The real concern is that undue in­ money. Now Mr. President, the opponents of fluence is being bought every day in Mr. President, 1992 congressional this legislation will make some inter­ this town. Americans want a govern- election spending jumped an incredible esting arguments. In my view, these 10754 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE May 21, 1993 arguments are out of step with the per­ President, all we have heard is a re­ The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ ception of the average Americans. hashing of the arguments used more pore. Who seeks recognition? First, Mr. President, opponents of than 15 years ago to oppose the Presi­ Mr. McCONNELL addressed the spending limits will say there is no dential system of spending limits. The Chair. money chase. We have all heard that a Supreme Court has upheld voluntary The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ winning Senate race requires a sitting spending limits in the past, and that is pore. The Chair recognizes the junior Senator to raise $13,000 per week for what we must design today. Senator from Kentucky [Mr. McCON­ every week of a 6-year term. But oppo­ Fifth, Mr. President, we will hear the NELL]. nents of this legislation will point out outrageous claim that this bill helps Mr. McCONNELL. Mr. President, it is that, on average, 80 percent of the incumbents. Compared to what? Com­ May, and it seems to me that every money is raised in the last 2 years of a pared to the current system? Mr. Presi­ May for the last few years we have Senator's term. From this figure, they dent, just look at the 1992 Senate elec­ been dealing with campaign finance re­ conclude that there is no money chase. tions to find out how weak this argu­ form. At a time when the American Mr. President, that is not the conclu­ ment is: 23 of 27 incumbents won re­ people would like us to deal with the sion that I draw. In fact, this means election; 22 of 27 Senate incumbents really significant issues confronting the money chase is even worse than we raised more than the spending limits of this country, the Senate, once again, is thought. If 80 percent is raised during this bill. Only four challengers were going to spend a week or two on an the last 2 years, Mr. President, this able to raise more than the spending issue that is clearly not on the radar means a sitting Senator must raise al­ limits of this bill, and ironically, all screen of the American people, and most $35,000 per week. That is $5,000 four lost. with good reason. every single day for 2 straight years. Yet nearly all challengers would have Having spent a lot of time on this So at any given time, Mr. President, up had additional resources under this issue, I get invited periodically to be to one-third of the Members of this bill. I agree that challengers need a on various TV shows and radio shows body are running around trying to minimal amount of resources in order about the subject. Yesterday morning raise $5,000 per day every day. The to compete. This bill provides great as­ on C-SPAN, I was invited to be on their money chase is even worse than we sistance in that regard. But to suggest morning call-in show on the subject of thought. When do Senators have time that challengers simply need to spend campaign finance reform. It was inter­ to raise all this money? esting, Mr. President, that a substan­ Second, Mr. President, opponents of more than these spending limits in order to win ignores the facts, includ­ tial number of the callers did not want this legislation actually made the to talk about that. They wanted to claim last year that we have a down- · ing four races in 1992. Challengers need ward spiral of campaign spending. I resources to compete, but if all we give talk about the President's economic think anyone making this argument them is more resources, incumbents plan. They wanted to talk about the fu­ today runs the risk of losing all credi­ will simply raise even more money. ture of the country. They wanted to bility. In the 1990, overall total spend­ There is probably not a single Member talk about whether their taxes were ing for winning Senate races actually in this body who cannot outraise a going up, and they wanted to know did go down slightly. But this was for challenger. The success of challengers whether we were going to do anything obvious reasons-because there were no depends more on how competitive their to cut spending. I said to each of those races in big States like California, spending level is with the incumbent callers that they had their priorities in Florida, New York, Ohio, and Penn­ than on simply how much they spend. the right place. sylvania, and there were fewer can­ It may be ironic that the majority Even on a call-in show dedicated to didates. Spending per voter continued party in this body supports this legisla­ the subject of campaign finance re­ to surge. tion. With the additional resources we form, the callers knew that what we But 2 years ago, Mr. President, oppo­ give to challengers in this bill, I cannot ought to be talking about was doing nents of this legislation said we should understand how a majority party will something about this massive debt focus only on total spending. Ignore benefit. The present playing field is so with which we are confronted. What we the big State races and the number of tilted to incumbents that, by defini­ ought to be talking about is doing candidates. This year, opponents of tion, the majority party benefits. But something about stopping the biggest this legislation will say the opposite. this legislation is the right thing to do. tax increase in history, which the They will say ignore the total spending It is in the public interest. President has proposed. And what we figures, even though they surged. Look Finally, opponents of this bill will certainly ought not to be talking about at the big State races and the number suggest that academics oppose spend­ is a proposal that is the most unpopu­ of candidates, they will say. Mr. Presi­ ing limits. We are not elected to rep­ lar thing we can possibly do in this en­ dent, I do not care how they exploit the resent academics. But I must tell you, vironment. numbers, the clear trend on spending is when my constituents overwhelmingly My good friend from Kentucky re­ up, up, up. In 1980, election spending support one view and academics sup­ ferred to what he was hearing from our was $239 million. Last year it was $678 port another, the ivory tower is almost constituents in Kentucky. We get a million. In 1980, winning Senate can­ always wrong. I trust the wisdom of my poll every April 15 across America. It is didates spent $40 million. Last year, it constituents, and they want spending the most complete, the most accurate was $124 million. I don't care how you limits. poll ever taken in this country on any slice it. The only downward spiral has So Mr. President, I believe the argu­ subject. Every April 15, the American been in the quality of campaigns, not ments against spending limits are shal­ public decides on its income tax return in the quantity of money. low. They are incumbents' arguments. whether or not it wants to check off $1 Third, opponents will also say Ameri­ They are attempts to hide the real mo­ of taxes already owed, not a new dollar, cans oppose public financing. This is tives of the opposition to this bill­ not a dollar on top of taxes already quite true. But they also support that some in this Chamber believe tne owed, but a dollar of taxes already spending limits in much higher num­ current system will get them reelected. owed to pay for the Presidential tax­ bers. We have the choice between the That is what this debate is about. payer-funded campaign. lesser of two evils. If someone can show Our choice is simple: cap money or We have watched the trend from 29 me workable spending limits which chase money. I know what my con­ percent when it began in the mid-sev­ will satisfy the Supreme Court without stituents want. And I know what they enties down to 17 percent checking off public funding, please show me. The consider to be real political reform. It today. They do not want to send a dol­ American people will love the plan. I is time we listen to our constituents. lar they already owe to political cam­ just have not seen it yet. Either we give them spending limits, or paigns. And in the Commonwealth of Fourth, opponents also say this bill they will give us limits of their own. I Kentucky, the constituents whom my trashes the first amendment. Mr. yield the floor. friend and I represent together, only 10 May 21, 1993 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 10755 percent check off. The national aver­ taxpayers, meauing a streamlined hear some poll cited suggesting that age is 17, and in Kentucky, only 10 per­ cheaper bureaucracy. Americans support the President's cent of the people are willing to send a Now, Mr. President, let us talk about plan. My colleagues should keep in dollar of taxes they already owe to food stamps for politicians. That is the mind that poll responses depend on have taxpayer funding of elections. hallmark of the bill before us. This bill how you ask the questions. And if en­ So we know where the American peo­ is not reform. This bill is not reform. acted, this program will last a whole ple are on this issue, Mr. President. It This bill must be some kind of joke. We lot longer than those focus groups did. is absolutely and abundantly clear. We cannot be serious. At a time when the Since congressional elections are held know we have a $4 trillion debt. We American public is saying to do some­ every 2 years, the failures of this bill know the President is asking us to thing about the deficit, cut spending will become evident much faster than raise every American's taxes, the big­ first; at a time when only yesterday a in the Presidential system with its gest tax increase in history. And yet key member of the President's party quadrennial elections. what are we going to spend a week or bolted on the tax bill because it did not We can call it reform. Who will two on? Why, congratulations Amer­ cut spending enough; at a time when know? The evening news and all the pa­ ican public, we are getting your mes­ the President has people in the House, pers will just talk in broad terms about sage. In response to what you are tell­ in the Democratic Party, saying, "Mr. a reform debate. Hardly anyone will ac­ ing us, we are going to start a new tax­ President, let us go back and take an­ tually read the bill. We could call it a payer-funded entitlement program for other look at this and cut spending democracy stimulus package, even us, the ultimate perk. Oh, they are first," we want to start a new program though it is quite the opposite, and going to love it, Mr. President. They for us. This cannot be serious. most people would not know the dif­ are excited about it. They cannot wait This country faces a $4 trillion na­ ference. The truth did not get in the for this one. This is exactly what they tional debt. Talk about a credit card. way of calling the President's pork expect us to do. This is right out of the We have already mortgaged our chil­ package a jobs bill. playbook-right out of the playbook. dren's future. Now we are working on We can bash the fat cats. We can tell And those people who expressed their the grandkids. Maybe inherited debt the people it is good for them. "Yes, dissatisfaction last year by voting for builds character. Maybe that is the no­ the taxpayer funding is a bitter pill, Ross Perot, who were extremely un­ tion. Some of us had to walk a mile in but it will save money in the long run. happy with us about a variety of dif­ the snow to get to school. Our No more scandals, no more money ferent things, they have noted that grandkids will have to wade through a chase. We will then work for the peo­ Ross Perot has not endorsed this tur­ few trillion dollars of 20th century na­ ple," we can say. key. They have noted that Ross Perot tional debt to get to college. Of course, people will still gripe is not suggesting that it is reform of So what if we are $4 trillion in the about the taxpayer funding part. They Congress to start a new taxpayer-fund­ hole? It is only money. Better yet, it is may not be able to swallow it if the ed program for our campaigns. somebody else's money, another gen­ Btu tax increase is still stuck in their Now, Mr. President, I am totally con­ eration's money. Having dismissed the craw, as I suspect it will be for some fident, based on the fact that we have debt, we can now create a new entitle­ time. A few hundred million per elec­ the biggest poll ever taken in America ment program to pay for political cam­ tion, three-tenths of Sl billion or four­ every single year, that nothing enrages paigns because, darn it, we are busy tenths of Sl billion to us insiders, but the American public, nothing outrages people. Campaign fund raising is tire- people who have not been in the Fed­ the American public more than the some. eral Government might think that is a possibility that we would even con­ The administration says middle-class lot of money. They do not realize that template starting a new taxpayer-fund­ taxpayers will not be hit with this bill for professional Government people it ed entitlement program for our cam­ because we are going to repeal the lob­ is like seeing a dirty penny in the paigns. And so it is with that backdrop byist expense tax deduction, a verita­ street; it hardly seems worth bothering in mind, Mr. President, that we begin ble windfall, a twofer at that. We get to about. this year's debate. One more time we bash lobbyists and collect $900 million But we can deal with such nit-pick­ are going to spend days of the Senate's over 5 years to pay for our political ing by saying that it is really not cost­ time on the least popular idea that I campaigns. ing anything because we have an offset. have heard proposed around here in my Now, Mr. President, most people with We repeal the tax deduction for lobby­ 8 years in the Senate. a hefty credit card debt who came into ing expenses, a loophole we will call it. Bill Clinton went coast to coast last a windfall through inheritance, a lot­ We closed a tax loophole. And with the year promising to "change welfare as tery jackpot, a raise, they would first proceeds we are going to pass this we know it." Well, President Clinton pay that personal debt down. But what great campaign finance reform bill certainly is changing welfare but not do we do? Having discovered a tax de­ that will take Government a way from in the ways voters envisioned. Yester­ duction, hereafter known as a loophole, the special interests and give it to the day, he signed into law a measure to that we can safely repeal, why, we will people. Power to the people. It sounds turn the welfare state into the depart­ create a new entitlement program for pretty good. ment of voter registration via the un­ us. What a great tdea. It is a little risky. Some people, be­ funded mandates within the agency­ This administation's rationale in fore the Senate can pass this thing, based provision of the so-called motor­ using the savings from a tax-deduction might wonder, why, if the Government voter bill. repeal to create a new entitlement pro­ is held hostage by the special interests, Second, he devised a campaign fi­ gram for politicians certainly does not we would not just take it back by just nance bill to enlarge the welfare state bode well for ever getting the debt sheer force of will. Do we have to re­ to include a massive new entitlement down. peal a tax deduction in order to buy program for us, for politicians. I can Now, the President says this will not Congress the political backbone to deal hardly wait to see what comes next-­ cost middle-class taxpayers. We heard with the real problems facing the coun­ probably. the so-called Hatch Act re­ him say that. May I remind him that try? form. Another misnomer, it would ac­ any funds derived from any savings This bill is being sold as some sort of tually overturn a reform that has anywhere, they do not belong to us but special interest defense initiative served this country very well for over to the U.S. Treasury, the trust fund set [SIDI], save us from ourselves, save us 50 years. Of course, Hatch Act deform up by and for the American people. from these special interests crawling just would not have quite the same do­ Of course, I do not doubt that the ad­ all over Capitol Hill. gooder ring to it. In any event, it will ministration has thoroughly focus­ Even worse, some small-minded types help ensure that welfare is not changed grouped this rationale and think they might conclude that the proceeds saved in a way truly helpful to recipients and can get away with it. We will probably from repealing the tax deduction for 10756 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE May 21, 1993 lobbying expenses could be put to some Hundreds of Democrats in the House It is not truly voluntary. There is an other purpose. Why, the savings could of Representatives are praying that up-front inducement in the form of be applied to the deficit·. Or maybe Senate Republicans block this bill. communication vouchers. Its they will read about this bill over They do not want to vote on this tax­ similarities with the Presidential sys­ breakfast, look at their omelet and payer funded entitlement program for tem pretty much end there. Because, think about the White House Easter politicians. They do not want to go under this bill, if a candidate chooses egg roll and all the children in this first in passing a campaign finance bill. to exercise his first amendment right country who have not been vaccinated The guardians of gridlock on this not to quantify his speech, then all against killer diseases. Maybe we issue are those who insist on spending kinds of bad things begin to happen. should use this repeal money for that. limits and taxpayer financing. Sound­ Bad thing No. 1: you lose the 50-per­ Mr. President, the savings from the ing reformist, they reap the benefits of cent broadcast discount. You lose the repeal could pay for a lot of vaccina­ the status quo. It is a darned good communication vouchers. Listen to tions, or school breakfasts, or AIDS re­ scam. this. If you decide you want to speak as search, or real food stamps for people But just in case Republicans take the much as you want to, which the Con­ with real problems, not us. Washington Post's advice and "call stitution permits, you have to run a Not to worry. We will just have to re­ their bluff" by letting the bill go disclaimer in all your ads indicating if mind them about the long-term divi­ through, it was tuned up to make sure you are a schmuck or somehow ethi­ dend. It is a bitter pill but wash it that it is a pro-Democrat bill-not pro­ cally challenged in not agreeing to down with these floor statements and a democracy, pro-Democrat. It almost your spending limit. If they spend one couple of New York Times editorials looks like a win-win for Democrats. Al- penny over the spending limit, their el­ and there will be no aftertaste. most. · igible opponent receives a taxpayer­ Besides, Americans are not taxed as Unfortunately, for the bill's pro­ funded grant equal to one-third of the much as people in Europe. Heck, they ponents, taxpayer financing of congres­ general election limit. Spend one only work until May to cover their tax sional campaigns is as unpopular as penny over 331/a percent of the limit, bills. What do they do with the rest of congressional pay raises. The more and your opponent receives another the year anyway? people hear about it, the madder they grant equal to one-third of the general Now, Mr. President, having observed get. The administration knows that election limit. You spend one penny the debacle known as the President's and it is going to great lengths to con­ over 66% percent of the limit and their stimulus package, one might at least ceal the extent to which American tax­ opponent receives another grant equal expect that a basic lesson would have payers get hit with this bill. to one-third of the general election been learned on the part of the major­ In fact, incumbents do not get hit by limit. And they will watch as their op­ ity party: Bipartisan consultation. this bill. Special interests do not get ponent receives communications Alas, once again that basic ingredient hit. Taxpayers get hit. vouchers to counteract independent ex­ is missing from the majority party's Mr. President, we hear a lot about penditures. campaign finance proposal. While there how the spending limits in this bill are Mr. President, that is not voluntary. may have been some attempt to pick voluntary. In fact, the spending limits It is coercive. Candidates who chose to off a few Republicans, there was no se­ in the President's bill are about as vol­ exercise their first amendment rights rious effort to work with the Repub­ untary in the eyes of a candidate as an get mugged by this bill. lican Party to craft a bipartisan bill. armed robber's demands are in the eyes The proponents try to fuss the con­ The cynic might conclude there was of their victims. The candidate forks stitutional issue up by calling these no bipartisan effort because this is a over his first amendment rights, and penalty provisions inducements or con­ partisan effort to pass a partisan bill, the robber's victim forks over their tingent public financing. Even some of and barring that to at least come away wallet. Either way, they have been their own literature on the bill admits from the debate having seized the high mugged. the coercive nature of these provisions. ground on the issue. Evidently, the U.S. Constitution did The committee report on S. 3 speaks of In 1990, 1991, and 1992, the Senate not fare too well in the administra­ "contingent public financing" and even passed politically correct veto bait tion's focus groups. admits on page 17 that "this amount of campaign finance bills secure in the The committee report on S. 3, the assistance may appear coercive * * *." knowledge that a Republican President blueprint for the President's bill, Yes, it certainly would appear coer­ would veto it. Now we have before us states "Public financing, as we have cive to any candidate considering not politically correct filibuster bait. come to think of it, would be used only taking the taxpayer's money to run his If there is anything we have learned on an occasional basis, as a form of campaign. around here the last few years in re­ protection to candidates who agree to The report goes on to state that gard to campaign finance reform, it is the limits but whose opponents exceed "This provision of public funds to an this: Taxpayer financing and spending them." eligible candidate is intended to pro­ limits are poison pills. Spending limits A "form of protection," Mr. Presi­ vide an additional incentive to a can­ are anathema to Republicans and vir­ dent? Protection from what? The first didate to accept the limits of the bill tually every nonpartisan scholar who amendment? and to provide a disincentive to a can­ has seriously studied the issue. They Semantics. Sometimes this is really didate to exceed those limits." do not work. Furthermore, taxpayer fi­ a war of words. My colleagues on the A disincentive, Mr. President? This is nancing of political campaigns is to­ other side call it public funding. Re­ a penalty. In fact, penal ties are the tally repugnant to the taxpayers and publicans call it taxpayer funding. most effective disincentives. their guardians in Congress. That is what it is. The bill's pro­ The authors of this bill find them­ Put those poison pills-taxpayer fi:­ ponents talk about inducements. Re­ selves in something of a box. Full tax­ nancing and spending limits-aside and publicans and constitutional scholars payer funding-and I might say the we could compromise on other provi­ call the same provisions penalties. Evi­ Clinton version as compared to the ear­ sions to craft a meaningful, real cam­ dently, it is in the eye of the beholder. lier version of S. 3 does have more tax­ paign finance reform bill. Mr. President, I am confident the Su­ payer funding. Full taxpayer funding is Mr. President, rather than a serious preme Court would behold it as I do­ unpopular with the taxpayers yet es­ effort to pass a bipartisan bill, what we as voluntary in name only. In fact, sential in order to establish a constitu­ have before us again is the old cam­ there is an all-out assault on the first tional, truly voluntary, spending limit paign finance reform scam-a bill amendment. In fact, this whole issue is scheme. larded with poison pills in the hope, about the first amendment. So what we have here is the system particularly on the House side, that The President's bill, like its prede­ in which the up-front costs, induce­ Republicans will block it. cessors, does not pass the Buckley test. ments-communication vouchers and May 21, 1993 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 10757 matching funds-have been minimized money. We each have the option of attention with all those flashy product to some extent although we still think whether or not we want to accept con­ ads. Campaign spending pales in com­ it will cost $1 billion over 6 years. But tributions from individuals or from parison with annual consumer spend­ the penalties for not authorizing the PAC's and in whatever percentage we ing. Bottled water: In 1991, Americans spending limits have been maximized. want to. But nobody makes Senators-­ spent $2.6 billion on bottled water. Yo­ If we are ever to pass a real reform and there is no evidence that Senators gurt: In 1992, Americans spent $1.7 bil­ bill, it would be advisable to step back are out raising money each year of a 6- lion on yogurt; $1.7 billion on potato from the rhetoric and figure out just year term. There just is not any such chips; $600 million on bubble gum; and what it is reform should accomplish. evidence. $4.8 billion on pet food. Just what is it reformers hope to The most bizarre claim in the com­ Mr. President, congressional cam­ achieve? mittee report on S. 3 is that one of the paign spending in 1992 was up 52 per­ The oommittee report on S. 3 as purposes of the bill is to facilitate com­ cent over 1990, a phenomenal increase. marked up in the Rules Committee munication by candidates with the There was also a 68-percent increase in states that the purpose of the bill is electorate. the number of congressional can­ "to reduce the deleterious influence of The basic premise behind S. 3 is that didates, which most of us would ap­ large contributions on our political spending is corrupting, spending is bad, plaud. We had 1,759 candidates in 1990; process, to facilitate communication and therefore must be severely limited. we had 2,956 candidates in 1992. That is by candidates with the electorate, and The primary purpose of S. 3 is to limit a truly astonishing figure-a 68-percent to free candidates from the rigors of candidate spending particularly Repub­ increase in the number of candidates fundraising.'' lican campaign spending. Since the Su­ from 1990 to 1992. Mr. President, the President's bill is preme Court ruled in Buckley versus Competition flourished; democracy way wide of those markers. It enhances Valeo, and most observers agree, that flourished; and campaign spending the influence of large contributors by campaign spending is speech. It is flourished. Voter turnout, electoral limiting what hard money candidate's speech. A limit on campaign spending competition, and campaign spending campaigns can spend while leaving is a de facto limit on candidate speech. all dramatically increased in 1992. open the nonparty soft money spigot The President's bill most certainly Why? Because there were competitive that pours tens of millions of dollars does not facilitate candidate speech. Senate races in several large States­ into the electoral process. It is a veri­ That misrepresentation of this tax­ two Senate elections in California table gag rule on candidates through payer-funded spending limit scheme ex­ alone. More incumbents than usual spending limits based on voting-age emplifies the spend control that char­ faced serious competition from well­ population. acterizes this debate. For proponents of funded challengers. I do not know any­ It may free some incumbents from spending limits, reality became irrele­ body who thinks that would be bad. Re­ the rigors of fundraising, but that is vant long ago and only perception now tirement stemming from the House hardly a compelling reason to use tax­ matters. Bank scandal, among other factors, in­ payers' dollars to create an entitle­ Mr. President, reality does not argue creased the number of free-for-all open ment program for politicians. And, in for this bill. seat contests. Democracy, when thriv­ fact, candidates who have relied on ex­ The reality is that we really do not ing, is expensive, because people par­ pensive forms of fundraising such as di­ spend all of that much on political ticipate. campaigns in this country relative to Clearly, spending is not the problem rect mail likely will be forced to .move with the electoral process in this coun­ toward low overhead but time-inten­ other Western democracies. Samuel L. try. Clearly, the President's taxpayer­ sive forms of fundraising such as per­ Popkin, professor of political science funded spending limits bill is a gross sonal telephone solicitations of high at the University of California in San waste of taxpayer dollars. He was just dollar donors. Diego, argued this point in an article up on the Hill the other day, fighting Mr. President, the concern over the entitled "We Need Loud Campaigns: to pass the largest tax increase in U.S. rigors of fundraising stems from the Because That's the Only Way Ameri­ history. Now we have before us a bill to myth that there is a money chase cans Will Pay Attention" which ap­ create a taxpayer-funded entitlement where incumbents raise thousands of peared in the Washington Post on De­ program for politicians. dollars day-in and day-out each and cember 1, 1991. The timing is ironic, to say the l9ast. every week of their 6-year term. It is He said: This bill is clearly unconstitutional. just not true. Senators serving full As for the argument that America already But put all that aside. Even if you dis­ terms in the classes of 1986, 1988, 1990, spends too much on elections, the fact is miss the cost to the taxpayers, even if and 1992 collectively raised over 80 per­ that American elections are not costly by you dismiss the assault on the Con­ cent of their reelection funds in the comparison with those in other countries. stitution, what have you got? You have last 2 years of their terms. Comparisons are difficult, especially since most countries have parliamentary systems, a bill that only selectively limits Take my friend and colleague from but it is worth noting that reelection cam­ spending. Kentucky. In his reelection in 1992, he paigns to the Japanese Diet, their equivalent This bill, Mr. President, is a fraud. raised $37,966 in the first 2 years of his of our House of Representatives, cost at least It will limit neither total campaign 6-year term, $50,937 in the second 2 eight times as much per vote as our congres­ spending nor special interest influence. years of his 6-year term, and $2,317,149 sional elections. Indeed scholars estimate While I oppose spending limits outright in the last 2 years of the 6-year term. that Diet elections cost between $50 and $100 as being unconstitutional and undemo­ My colleague's experience was vir­ per constituent. * * * cratic, the limits in the President's bill tually identical with that of all others. Mr. President, an equally valid com­ primarily limit the campaign spending And he, like all the rest of us, made a parison is between campaign spending that benefits Republicans, while ex­ voluntary decision about who to accept and spending on consumer products, empting out the kinds of campaign money from. Some Senators and some and the advertising of those products. spending that benefit Democrats. candidates do not take PAC money, for While congressional election spending For example, political party soft example. Some do. It is a voluntary de­ was $678 million in 1992, total expendi­ money, which has historically been cision each of us make. My colleague tures for all advertising in the United used to great effect by Republicans, had $809,483 from individual donors, States last year was $44 billion-$44 bil­ takes a beating in the Clinton bill. The and $1,312,902 from PAC donations. lion. Campaign spending was a drop in bill takes an ax to such mom-and­ The point I am making here, Mr. the bucket compared to that. apple-pie activities as getting out the President, is we each have the option Soda pop advertising expenditures, vote and promoting volunteer partici­ as to whether or not we want to spend diet and regular, totaled $470. Auto­ pation. every minute of all of our time mobile advertising totaled $3 billion. It Let us look at nonparty soft money, throughout a 6-year term raising is tough for campaigns to compete for the real sewer money polluting elec- 10758 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE May 21, 1993 tions. Nonparty soft money is spent by to be done. We all know what will not and carries on like this is something those awful special interests President tilt the playing field one way or an­ funny. He gets his kicks by talking Clinton frequently rails against. other. But we will not do it. about food stamps, and then he talks Of course, most nonparty soft money Once again, in May, we are slugging about cat food, bubble gum, and yo­ benefits Democrats, so you will not it out on partisan lines, going nowhere, gurt. You know, I do not understand even find one mention of nonparty soft when we could do the things that we the relevance between trying to limit money in the President's plan. Not a know will create more competition, al­ campaigns and cat food. That is his word, not one solitary word. though competition is pretty healthy version of it. That is all right. If the Moreover, since the President's bill in the Senate already. We could lower Senator wants to compare this to cat restricts money that is spent in small, the cost of the broadcasting advertis­ food, that is perfectly all right. So I am limited, and disclosed amounts-hard ing for candidates, which would prin­ going to give him that break. money-you can be sure that it will cipally benefit challengers. Instead of The Senator keeps fussing about this trigger an explosion of large, unlim­ weakening parties, as the Clinton President. That is fine. That is his pre­ ited, and undisclosed spending in the package would do, we could strengthen rogative. He is on the other side. He is form of more nonparty soft money and parties. not going to like anything that comes independent expenditures, all by those Parties are that one entity in the out of the White House, in my opinion, same evil special interests. American political system that will regardless of what it is. So, in other words, the end result of support challengers. We know PAC's do The Senator talks about reducing the the President's bill will be even more not care much for challengers, unless it deficit. Well, we thought we made a spending and more control by the spe­ is labor PAC's. We know that even in­ pretty good start. We got a budget cial interests than there is today. dividual donors tilt toward incum­ through that made significant cuts. Mr. President, this bill is a cruel bents. But the one entity out there in Over 200 it.ems were cut. And they will hoax on the American people. They de­ America that will stand up for every get all kinds of figures out here saying serve better than this. viable challenger who runs are the par­ what the cuts were. Anyone who believes passing this bill ties. And yet, what do we do? We want All you have to do is say I would like will take the heat off Congress is mis­ to make them weaker. We want to to get this kind of figure, and, boy, you taken. Even if it were a good bill, noth­ make them weaker. can come up with it in a minute. I ing we do in this area will detract from If we are concerned about special in­ thought we did pretty well. our failure to solve the real problems terests, then we ought to do something What we forget is that for the last 12 looming over this country. But this is about PAC's. I noted with interest that years-the last 12 years-we have been not even a good bill; it is a lousy bill. once again this year, right at the end living under his Presidents. And we And it will look even worse if the real of the debate, I mean right at the end have gone from $900 billion in debt to problems facing Americans fester for a of the period before bringing up the over $4 trillion. He talks about a credit few more years. bill, the majority has decided to ax the card. His leader made a statement a Mr. President, having used up a cou­ PAC's in this proposal. I commend few weeks ago, they were now going to ple hours of debate on a typically un­ that. That was originally my proposal cut up that credit card. They have been eventful Friday, we should now put 3 or 4 years ago. I am glad it has now living on it for 12 years. They did not this bill aside. Let us get on with deal­ been adopted by the majority. I think have to cut it up. It was so worn, it was ing with the serious problems before that is the first step toward the kind of so thin that you would throw it away our Nation. And while we are working reform that would create a competitive anyhow. So this credit card business on real solutions to real problems, we system and diminish the influence of we hear, it is worn out. We have to do could also craft a bipartisan reform special interests. something different, and the people measure that will truly address the Mr. President, I hope that at some want a change. problems with the campaign finance point in the coming weeks, after we He says this bill is not on the radar system. have had a chance to vote on a variety screen. That is probably true. He says Mr. President, I can say from first­ of different amendments that give peo­ the economic plan for this country is hand experience-having dealt with ple a chance to go on record on all of on the radar screen; the future of what this issue now for 5 years in the Sen­ the myriad issues that are contained in we are going to do and how we are ate, and for many years before that this proposal, we will finally and at going to live is on the radar screen; having taught about it, written about long last, after 5 years, sit down and that education is on the radar screen; it, thought about it, debated it, and craft and pass a bipartisan campaign fi­ that eliminating the debt is on the participated in the system-that the nance reform bill that will be good for radar screen. That is true-absolutely American people are not concerned the two-party system, good for Amer­ true. And I agree with him. This bill is about this issue if it is dealt with in a ica, and we will not send a bill to the not on the radar screen. way that discourages competition and taxpayers. Think just a minute, though. One­ creates a new taxpayer-funded program Mr. President, I yield the floor. third of our colleagues are out on the for us. Not only are they not concerned The PRESIDING OFFICER. The road right now. They do not want a about it, they are outraged about it. Chair recognizes the chairman of the vote on Friday, they do not want a As I said at the beginning of my re­ committee, the Senator from Kentucky vote on Monday, because they have to marks, I was on a C-SPAN call-in show [Mr. FORD]. go out and chase money; 80 percent of yesterday on this subject. A reasonable Mr. FORD. Mr. President, you know it in these 2 years. I am sure my col­ number of the callers did not want to it is, I guess, unusual that for the last league did not hear me say that in my talk about this. They wanted to talk many weeks, two Senators from the previous remarks. It is $13,000 a week about the real problems confronting same State are on opposite sides. For­ for 6 years, but in the 2 years it is the country. They wanted to talk tunately-I believe fortunately-on the $35,000 a week; that is $5,000 a day out about deficit reduction; they wanted to voter registration bill, on which we there they are raising to run the aver­ talk about high taxes; they wanted to were successful, it was the right thing age senatorial campaign in 1994. know whether we were going to cut to do. And I am sure my colleague So, if you squeeze it up, they are out spending first. They wanted to talk thought his opposition to that piece of there getting $5,000 a day in the 2 about the real issues confronting this legislation was the right thing for him years. Instead of $13,000 per week it is country. to do. $35,000. So we have a third of our col­ So, once again, we are going to spend Now we find ourselves on a different leagues out there chasing money. I do a substantial amount of time on an side. I want to say to my friend, I have not know what to do, Mr. President, to issue that should be dealt with on a bi­ never seen him giggle so much. He try to limit the money chase. We try­ partisan basis. We all know what needs reads his speech, and smiles and laughs it is either unconstitutional, or we talk May 21, 1993 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 10759 about food stamps, cat food, whatever can Free-Trade Agreement. They will this, you are against it-that is when it might be, and you pile it up. help us with foreign affairs. They will you begin to hear them all. I do not know where we go from here. help us with foreign aid. They will do So this bill does not limit how much But I want to tell you, if we get time all these things. But they will not help a nonparticipating candidate can raise. to stay here and work, we might find a domestically. That is the well that Go ahead and raise $5 or $6 million for way to eliminate the deficit. We might gives us the strength to be the leader a race for the Senate in Kentucky; find a way to improve education. We in the world. If we are not strong do­ raise $20 million for a race in Califor­ might find a way to make the future mestically, we are not going to con­ nia. Go on, go out there and get it. You better for our children and our grand­ tinue to be the leader in the world we are not here doing your job. You are children. But the constituents, in my have been. So let us wise up. Let us try out chasing money. If you want the opinion, want us to stop the money to do some things that strengthen this money chase to continue, do not help chase, if we can do that, and spend our country. this bill. If you want to put a cap on time here. One-third of this Chamber is They say this bill will not help any, expenditures and say you need to be gone chasing money. We have either to it is unconstitutional, first amendment here and need to work, then I think cap money or continue chasing money. rights. I got all that. I am not a law­ this bill deserves special consideration. If we stay here and work, maybe we yer. If I was on a jury, I would just try Mr. President, I see the distinguished can begin to solve some of the prob­ to make a decision from what I have Senator from Oklahoma here, who is lems. heard. And what I heard from constitu­ the main sponsor of this legislation. I Ross Perot was mentioned by my col­ ents is they want to stop the money yield the floor. league. One of the issues that I stated chase. It may not be on the radar The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen­ earlier, that I quoted from his cam­ screen, but I guarantee if they thought ator from Kentucky yields the floor. paign, is that we have to change the this would help us stay here and work Who seeks recognition? political system. The way to change a little longer, work a little harder, get The Chair recognizes the Sena tor the political system is change the way better ideas in order to reduce the defi­ from Oklahoma [Mr. BOREN]. we finance campaigns. Many of Ross cit, increase the economic condition of Mr. BOREN. Mr. President, first of Perot's leaders have endorsed this this country, they would be over­ all, I want to commend my colleague piece of legislation we are debating whelmingly for it. from Kentucky, the distinguished here today. So, I hope we can get on Every time you heard somebody say chairman of the Rules Committee, for with this, that we can vote it up or that is unconstitutional, somebody else the remarks he has just made. Our col­ down, try to work it out. I tried for 5 files a paper and says it is constitu­ league, Senator FORD, is known as a years to help work something out. It tional. You know, I get a little bit con­ person who tells it like it is. He has has been through my committee sev­ fused. It just reminds me, when I done exactly that to our colleagues and eral times. I am not the sponsor of the turned around to a lawyer one day and to the American people who might be bill. I am one of the cosponsors. The asked him, ''Which way should we go watching us in the remarks which he distinguished Senator from Oklahoma on this question?" The lawyer said, has just made. [Mr. BOREN] is the real sponsor of this "Go either way. We will make a good The 1992 elections were about change. legislation, along, now, with the Presi­ case out of it." That is kind of what I They were about returning Govern­ dent of the United States. We have not hear here. "It is unconstitutional." ment to the people, so that Govern­ had that before. "Oh no, it is not unconstitutional." ment will work for all the people, not We heard reference made to the stim­ Let us lay it on the board. Let us get just the narrow interests that largely ulus package, or the jobs bill. "We it started. fund the campaigns of those Members should have learned a lesson from We talk about strengthening parties. running for election or reelection to that." You can bet your sweet bippy we I hear that: strengthening parties, giv­ the Congress of the United States. learned a lesson. We learned a lesson ing money. The only change in party Let me not forget that just 6 months that the other side stopped everything activity is to require it to be funded by ago, the American people spoke loudly we tried to do to create jobs. One com­ hard money, not soft money-hard and clearly about the need to end busi­ munity in my State would have gotten money, reported money raised pursu­ ness as usual, about the need to end 3,000 new jobs, of carpenters, elec­ ant to Federal requirements and limits politics as usual. Let us not fool our­ tricians, plumbers, bricklayers-what­ and higher limits for State fundraising. selves into thinking that they have for­ ever, who are looking for jobs now. But And we increase the amount of money gotten our pledges to end the gridlock what did they do? They increased the going to the grass roots effort in this and to clean up the money chase in pol­ debt by $4 billion without a peep. No­ bill. I do not understand how we are itics. The people do not just want body on that side of the aisle voted or not helping parties. I do not under­ change, they demand it. raised his or her voice-increased the stand how we are not helping local We must know that the patience of deficit $4 billion. grassroots efforts by this, when you in­ the people is not unlimited. We saw Talk about reducing the deficit. Do crease the amount. The only thing we their impatience rise to a boil in those you know what they voted for to in­ have changed is that it is hard money; States where the term-limit question crease the deficit by $4 billion? They you have to report it. Is there some­ was on the ballot. In every single one extended unemployment compensation. thing sinister about soft money that of those States, the people voted to There are those who are out of work you do not want to report it? Your are limit the terms of Members of Con­ out there, still sitting in their chairs against this because it is hard money gress. Why? Because the people saw on their porches, drawing from tax­ and you have to report it? Shucks, I do what was going on. The people saw that payers without doing a thing. They not mind reporting it. the system was not working as it would rather work, though. They would "The Court will not uphold this. The should. They looked at the fact that we rather work than draw taxpayers' dol­ Court will find this unconstitutional." were piling up billions and billions of lars. So we increased the deficit here The Supreme Court has upheld as dollars of debt on the next generation, by $4 billion instead of giving people an voluntary the full public funding in up from a $1 trillion to a $4 trillion na­ opportunity to go to work. general elections. The bill provides tional debt in just 12 years. The people It is 12 years of a credit card that is only partial funding. The Presidential were worried and the people were worn out. We talk about it like every­ election is supposed to be fully funded frightened and the people were wonder­ thing just happened in the last 3 or 4 from public funds, taxpayers' dollars. ing if their children and their grand­ months. I have never seen anything The past President received over 200 children would have the same eco­ like it. They are trying to create Presi­ million taxpayers' dollars to run for of­ nomic opportunities that we have had. dent Clinton in the image of President fice, and I did not hear any squeals The people were worrying about wheth­ Bush. They will help us with the Mexi- about that. But, boy, if you want to do er or not the United States was still 10760 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE May 21, 1993 going to be a leading nation in this it to ourselves in this institution that work done on time? Why you have cre­ world. this Government is in trouble. It is not ated empires for yourselves? Why do When we think about the fact that working as it should and the people you not do something to clean up the this year, for example, just the interest have lost their patience. system where Members of Congress on the national debt will eat up 58 per­ If we think the people are going to who get reelected get more than half of cent of all the private savings in this forget about the way they feel or if their campaign contributions not from country, savings that could go to help they are going to somehow get over the people back home, but from the our economy grow and to create jobs their worries about the future of this special interests, political action com­ for the next generation. I have to say, country, we are wrong. This was not mittees, many of whom have never set Mr. President, the people were right to just an election day phenomenon that foot in the home State or district of be worried and afraid and fearful about caused Mr. Perot to get a high percent­ the Members they are pouring all this what might have happened. The people age of votes or which caused term lim­ money to. were right to draw up short and to say, its to pass that was one of those things Those are what the questions were. "Get on with your job, get the job that surfaced on one day and is going That is what they asked me about. done, write a sound economic policy for to be forgotten tomorrow. No. The peo­ Two-thirds of the questions were this country." ple are watching us and I am glad, be­ about it. When the people looked at what has cause when the people get angry and If we think they are going to forget been going on in the election cam­ when the people watch their elected about it because the election is over, paigns in this country and they real­ representatives and when the people we are wrong. God help us, I hope they ized that incumbents were able to out­ demand change in the right direction do not forget about it, and I hope they spend challengers making it virtually and when the people tell us to shape keep the heat on us. I hope we are con­ impossible for new people to break into up, that gives us the best chance in the scientious enough, not just because the politics because those already here world of finally getting something people are demanding it but because we could raise three, four, and five times done. ourselves know in our own hearts and as much money mainly from the spe­ We are the trustees of this institu­ minds that we are not proud of what is cial interest groups to keep themselves tion. We are the ones who have an op­ going on in our political system. here, as new people trying to break portunity to vote here. The people who There have been times when I have into politics could raise, the people have sent us here have a chance to vote sat in rooms where we have thought said, "No wonder we're in trouble." for or against us. But all those people about how in the world do you raise the In poll after poll, the American peo­ at the grassroots who are demanding amount of money it takes to run for ple have been asked: Do you think Con­ change and reform of the political sys­ the next election. How do you come up gress represents people like you, or do tem cannot come through these doors with the $4 million it takes on the av­ you think Congress represents the spe­ and sit on the floor of the U.S. Senate erage to get reelected? Frankly, I cial interests? An overwhelming major­ and cast votes. We are their represent­ wanted to go home and take a bath ity have said, sadly: We do not think atives. There are 100 of us here and the after listening to those strategies of Congress represents people like us. We 100 of us here have the vote that they how you milk the money out of all think Congress represents the special gave to us. It does not belong to us, it those sectors you are going to have to interests. really belongs to them. We are just milk in order to get the amount of When they see PAC dollars going 9 to here because they sent us here. If we money that it takes to run for reelec­ 1 for incumbents versus challengers, cannot clean up our own institution, tion. and when they see we have not solved one way or another the voters are Everybody is victimized. The Mem­ the Nation's problems, when they see going to clean it up for us, and they bers of the Congress who came here, the deficit is increasing, when they see should. idealistic, wanting to render a public our share of world trade diminishing, Voter dissatisfaction is at an all-time service. wanting to bring about the when they see jobs being exported out high. The people made campaign fi­ right kind of change and progress for of this country, when they see Mem­ nance reform an issue in the November our country turned into panhandlers on bers of Congress having to become full­ elections. I went down and representa­ the street, for sale to the highest bid­ time fundraisers and part-time policy­ tives of both parties went down, for ex­ der on the auction block because they makers, they get so frustrated that ample, and spoke to Mr. Perot's volun­ have to figure out, whether they like it they do not know what to do about it, teers. It was a very interesting day. or not, how to raise the $4 million to and so finally they just say: Throw Many of them had never been in poli­ get reelected. them all out; limit their terms. tics before. Then the people who get shaken That is an extreme solution because I We opened up for questions, and down-we talk about the lobbyists. It think most of us understand that if you there were a lot of questions about is not their fault that because of the limit the time in office and the terms budget deficits. Maybe about one-third system we come and beat over their of office of elected people, you are of the questions were about budget heads and ask them to make contribu­ mainly going to turn the power of the deficits, but two-thirds of the questions tions, hold fundraisers, and raise hun­ Government over to the hands of the and concerns expressed were about dreds of thousands of dollars. They are nonelected bureaucrats who will be cleaning up the political system: Why victimized, too. What about the people here for 20, 30, 40 years, and the people is all this money being poured into who pay them, or the people at the will have even less say in their Govern­ campaigns? Why are people quitting grassroots? They are the most victim­ ment because new people coming in their jobs in the executive branch, for ized of all because they do not get full­ take time to learn their way around example, as our trade representatives time Members of Congress to vote to this city and the ways of the bureauc­ and going right out the door when they solve the problems of the country and racy. By the time they are trained, were supposed to have been working for because they do not get campaigns they will have to leave and the bureau­ us and go to work for foreign govern­ anymore that are decided on the basis crats will run it all. I do not think that ments at four, five, six times the of who has the best qualifications and is the solution. amount of money they were paid work­ the best ideas to turn this country But, Mr. President, the people are ing for us? Why do you people in Con­ around. dead right to be angry. They are abso­ gress have such a huge bureaucracy? They get campaigns where competi­ lutely right to express their profound You used to get along with 38 commit­ tion is based mainly on who has the uncertainty about the future direction tees and used to get along with 2,000 or most money, because 99 times out of of this country and their frustration. 3,000 employees. Why do you have 299 100, the candidates with the most That is what we have seen. We ought to committees and thousands more em­ money win the election because they tell it like it is, and we ought to admit ployees? Why can you not get your are on TV the most, they are on radio May 21, 1993 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 10761 the most, and are in newspapers the stead of Members using their offices to fort and energy it would take to raise most. Who knows whether they have make policy decisions. the $5 or $6 million he thought he the best ideas, or the best character, or Senator ROBERT BYRD, majority lead­ would have to have in his campaign the best qualifications, but if they have er for much of the time when we began war chest to run for reelection. He did the most money, Mr. President, wheth­ this. effort to reform the campaign fi­ not want to spend his valuable time er they are a Democrat, a Republican, nance system, President pro tempore of doing that. He wanted to spend what­ liberal, conservative, or whatever their the Senate, great historian of the Sen­ ever time he could trying to influence ideas might happen to be, if they have ate, perhaps the most knowledgeable public policy. the most money, 99 times out of 100 historian of the Senate in the United Sadly, it is the " Mac" Mathiases of they win. States today, who because he is a his­ this world, good Senators, Republican We are obligated to answer the call torian, because he is a historian and and Democrat, who are the ones most for reform in our Government and it is because he knows so much about our conscientiously affected by this sys­ time to replace the power of the pock­ institutions and understands how they tem, who often leave public service be­ etbook with the power of the American work, sees how the pouring in of all of cause they do not want to continue voter. this money, mainly from special inter­ that kind of money chase. Today as we begin debate on S. '3, the ests, is like a cancer eating away at In each Congress we have come a step Congressionr.l Spending and Election the heart of this institution. closer to enacting meaningful reform. Reform Act of 1993, I am reminded of Senator MITCHELL, our current ma­ Last year, this Chamber passed a good our many previous reform efforts. A jority leader, is a great champion of re­ campaign finance reform bill, which ul­ decade ago, I began working on cam­ form. I have heard him talk not only timately fell victim to a veto. Today, paign finance reform with then Senator on the Senate floor, but I have heard as I said, we have a President who not Barry Goldwater of Arizona. It was a him talk in private, standing up even only embraces last year's bill but has privilege to work with him. What a to those who were reluctant to change offered improvements to it. The strug­ great gentleman he is, &.nd what a the system because the current system gle to enact meaningful campaign fi­ great Senator he was, whether you got them here and they know under the nance reform has been a long one, but agreed with him on every issue or not, current system as incumbents they can the end is in sight, and the people un­ because you talk about a person of in­ raise more money than challengers. derstand that the time for excuses is tegrity who left you no doubt where he They do not want it changed. I have over. They expect dramatic and fun­ stood, that was Barry Goldwater as a heard Sena tor MITCHELL courageously damental change, not more nibbling at Senator. He and I agreed across party stand up for reform not only in public the edges. lines that we had enough of what was but in private. We all know it is one In the course of refining this bill, going on and we wanted to change it. thing to make a speech on the Senate many of us have become immersed in From that time, it has been my mis­ floor and portray oneself as being for the details. Now is the time to reflect sion to change the broken campaign fi­ reform. It is another thing when you go on the larger mission, a mission that is nance process. There have been many in to the privacy of your own office or greater than this legislation, a mission efforts by others-Senator John Sten­ into one of the cloakrooms behind us to regain the trust of the people. The nis of Mississippi, a senior Member of or some places where nobody knows bill before us is a strong reform bill. this Congress for many, many years, what you have said except you and However, it does have opponents, as we now also retired. I remember he said to your conscience and still stand up for have just heard from some of our col­ me so many times, reform. I have seen Senator GEORGE leagues. They will assert, an have as­ Senator Boren, it breaks my heart that the MITCHELL do that time and time again. serted, that this bill is an incumbent power of the political process is being taken Now, of course, we are being joined protection plan. They use very clever away from those people who cast their votes by a new President in the White House, sound bite words like " food stamps for down in those precincts at home and being President Bill Clinton. He said during politicians." put in the hands of interest groups and their the campaign he wanted to clean up But I ask my colleagues to listen, not representatives in Washington and other power centers of this country and to see how the way campaigns were financed. He to sound bites, not to clever phrases, the people become cynical about their own did not take PAC money. He wanted to but to the substance of their argu­ Government, do not believe in their own change the political culture of this ments. Let us go beyond the rhetoric Government anymore, does not think it country, change the whole atmosphere and let us focus on the facts. Statistics cares about them anymore because they so that we could work together more clearly show how the current system know they do not have the power to make effectively to get things done. favors incumbents and discourages new those large financial contributions. To his credit, Mr. President, he has candidates who could bring fresh ideas He understood the history of this not forgotten what he said during the to Congress. place, and he wanted to change, he campaign, and he has said it again pub­ Last year, even though challengers wanted to purify the system, he wanted licly by endorsing and improving and received extraordinary financial sup­ to put integrity back into it, he wanted toughening up this bill. And he has port in race after race, incumbents out­ to bring it back the way it was when he also said it in private, as I have worked spent challengers. In Senate races, as first entered the Congress. He can re­ with him in crafting this legislation. this chart indicates, incumbents raised member that relationship between His instructions to me again and again three times as much as challengers, $3 Members of Congress and the people have been, "I want real reform. Do not raised by incumbents for every $1 who sent him here. water it down. Do not put loopholes in raised by challengers. In the House, the There have been efforts by many, it. I want real reform." Now we have a ratio was 5 to 1. Incumbents, sitting many others. Senator FORD, from President in the White House who has House Members-it does not matter if whom we have just heard, chairman of pledged to sign meaningful campaign they are Democrats or Republicans-­ the Rules Committee, has tried in so finance reform. raised five times as much money, $5 for many ways to bring about reform, not And so many, many people, Demo­ every $1 their challengers could raise. only campaign finance reform but re­ crats and Republicans, have come to­ In fact, in the 1992 senatorial races, in­ form of other ways we do business in gether and have worked on this. "Mac" cumbents outspend challengers 92 per­ the Senate. He has taken the lead in Mathias, from Maryland, former Re­ cent of the time and incumbents pre­ ending some of the unfair perks and ad­ publican Senator from Maryland, again vailed 86 percent of the time. vantages that are given to Members of one of the early supporters of campaign We should not be shocked at the fact, Congress. He has tried to restrain the finance reform who left the Senate-­ as I said a minute ago, Mr. President, use of mass mailing of newsletters and sadly, when he left, said one of the rea­ that those who have the most money other abuses of the franking privilege sons he left was he just could not bring usually win the elections, and those year in and year out to campaign in- himself to think about the time and ef- who inevitably get the most money, 10762 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE May 21, 1993 Democrats or Republicans, are incum­ come here and make their contribution Why do they want to change? That is bents because people want to get in to to the political system. what this debate is all about. Let us see them, talk to them, have access to The only lasting and effective way to just strip it away. Do you think the them, especially the special interest reform the campaign finance system is American people are fooled by smoke­ groups, and so they give them the po­ to place reasonable limits on how much screens like that? Not on your life. The litical contributions. money those running for the Senate American people know what we are The vicious race to raise money has may spend. The leadership substitute, talking about. They know we are talk­ made us part-time Sena tors and full­ which will be introduced shortly, caps ing about whether or not to give new time fundraisers, and in the 1992 con­ runaway costs by setting voluntary people in politics a chance, whether or gressional elections spending jumped 52 spending limits based upon the number not to stop the money chase, whether percent, just in this election, to $678 of voters in each State. However, under or not to limit the obscene amount of million-$678 million poured into con­ the Supreme Court's decision in Buck­ money that is now pouring into politi­ gressional campaign funds. Today, the ley versus Valeo, spending limits must cal campaigns. Over 90 percent of the average Senate winner needs to spend be voluntary. Therefore, this legisla­ American people said we want spending nearly $4 million to win. That means a tion provides significant incentives in limits. We want to take Congress off successful candidate has to raise an av­ order to comply. the auction block. We want a different erage of $12,000 per week for 6 years. Mr. President, we hear a smoke­ kind of politics in this country. Our Think about that. You have to sit screen every time be bring up cam­ spending limits will help fix the sys­ there. You are a sitting Senator. You paign finance reform. We hear the tem. know you have to raise an average of $4 Members on the other side say, "Oh, (Ms. MOSELEY-BRAUN assumed the million to get reelected. You have to food stamps for politicians. Oh, you are chair.) sit down and think, not how can I get going to provide some incentives, ei­ Mr. BOREN. If the spending limits in the budget deficit down, how can I pro­ ther lower mailing or communications the substitute had been in place in the vide better education for our children, vouchers or something like that." Is 1992 election the average incumbent how can I strengthen our Nation's se­ that not terrible? That is awful. That would have had to cut by a large curity, how can we improve our trans­ is an awful price to pay for cleaning up amount the amount of money that that portation system, how can we get the system. incumbent spent. In fact, if our bill had crime down in this country, no. You Do you know why they talk about been in effect in the last election, sit­ have also got to think about how can I that, Mr. President? They talk about it ting Members of Congress, as you can raise $12,000 this week and next week because they have read the Supreme see by this chart, would have had to and the week after that in order to Court decision. They are knowledge­ cut their spending by 33 percent, an av­ raise the amount of money it takes, on able. They did not just wander in here erage of $1.4 million in every campaign, the average, to successfully get re­ without knowing what the law is. They less spending by incumbents. The aver­ elected. know what the law is, and they know age challenger would have had to cut I speak often-I kn.:>w my colleagues that if you want to have spending lim­ spending by less than 2 percent, an av­ do-to graduation ceremonies of col­ its under the Supreme Court deci­ erage of about $36,890 per challenger. lege and high school students. I was sions-I think unfortunately, but it is We talk about leveling the playing speaking to a group of high school stu­ the law-you have to come up with a field, leveling the playing field so we dents from my State who were here series of incentives to get candidates to can give the challengers a chance to just last week. Some of them want to voluntarily accept spending limits. take on incumbents. People doubt that go into politics. Thank God, some of And if you do not have incentives, you our bill would do that. Look at the them still think it is an honorable call­ do not have spending limits. facts. Our bill would have cut incum­ ing and they want to get to a place like But they do not want to talk about bent spending 33 percent and would this because they want to help serve the real issue. They do not want to have barely cut challenger spending at the people. I did not have the heart to talk about the reason they are really all. It levels the playing field. It gives tell them not only to get the best edu­ against the bill. They throw up all new people a chance in politics. cation you can, learn as much as you these phony arguments and smoke­ Madam President, spending limits can, learn about economic policy, learn screens: "Food stamps for politicians." are not just important to campaign fi­ about history, so that when you come What they really do not want is nance reform. They are the heart and here you can render a great service; spending limits. No wonder. They are soul of campaign finance reform. There you will be a good Senator; you will be incumbents. It is not a matter of used to be an old saying when I was a good Member of Congress; make whether you are Republican or Demo­ growing up, kind of a joke: a daughter yourself the best qualified man or crat. Incumbents do not want spending came to the mother said, "May I go woman you can in order to come here, limits for the most part. swimming in the ocean?" The mother come with good ideas, be of good char­ Why? You see why on this chart. In­ was a little alarmed at the idea of her acter, stay true to yourself; maintain cumbents can raise three times as daughter swimming in the ocean, it your integrity-I did not have the much money as challengers in the Sen­ might be dangerous undertow, cur­ heart to also tell them, and figure out ate, five times as much as challengers rents. She said, "Yes, my darling how you are going to raise $12,000 a in the House. They do not want spend­ daughter, you may go swimming, but week, because that is what it is going ing limits. They want the sky as the do not go near the water." to take. Figure out how you are going limit. "So in case we get in a tough That is just about the same as saying to raise $4 million. Of course, at the race I can call in all my special inter­ we ought to have campaign finance re­ rate of increased spending we have seen est friends who had access to me over form but we are not going to have any in recent campaigns, I would probably · the last 6 years and I know they can spending limits. It is illogical and im­ have to say, by the time you are old pour money in to my State and make possible. You cannot have real cam­ enough to run, figure out how you are sure I get reelected because the poor paign finance reform without having going to raise $10 million, because it challenger running against me does not spending limits. Having campaign re­ keeps going up and up. have access to that money.'' They do form is like telling the doctor you can When I first came to the Senate-it not want spending limits. That is the examine the patient but you cannot has not been long ago-it only took reason they throw up these smoke­ provide the cure, if you have campaign $200,000 or $300,000 on the average to screens. They want competition based finance reform without having spend­ win a Senate seat. The campaign figure upon who can raise the most money be­ ing limits. now is $4 million. What it will be 20 cause they are already here and they People realize how essential spending years from now, I do not know, when know the challenger can raise more limits are to fair elections. They have these young people will be ready to money than their opponents. identified them as the most important

...... - ...... -... -· ~-...... May 21, 1993 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 10763 step in cleaning up the system. As I If challengers are to have a chance, raise it from individual contributions have mentioned polling data, the low­ the disproportionate influence of PAC's and groups but raise it with limits on est I have seen is 77 percent of Ameri­ must be eliminated. Our bill does just how much each one can give. cans favor spending limits. Another that. Under our plan we would com­ We also end the practice of special poll says 85 percent. I have seen polls pletely ban PAC contributions to those interest bundling. Bundling is the prac­ that show over 90 percent. An over­ running for Congress; no more will tice by which PAC's and lobbyists whelmingly majority want spending they be allowed to drown out the bring collection from others. The limits. strength of the individual vote or the amount may greatly exceed one's con­ Voters have targeted special interest person back home at the grassroots. tributions from an individual contribu­ influence as the second most essential The substitute goes even further be­ tion limit. They take credit for raising element in campaign finance reform. yond the role of special interests. We the money. We must prevent special interests from adopt the President's proposal to ban So somebody can come in and say, driving the political process. lobbyists from making or soliciting here is $1,000 or $5,000, but here is PAC's contributed almost $175 mil­ contributions for any Member of Con­ $300,000 that I gathered up for you. lion to campaigns in the 1992 election. gress whom they have lobbied within Here it is. That gives you a lot of influ­ These P AC's know how to play the the proceeding 12 months and we also ence. Washington power game. decrease the individual limits for an­ This practice has forced many Mem­ Madam President, let us just think a nual contributions to PAC's from $5,000 bers to choose on a busy day between minute. You are a director of a PAC. to $1,000. giving access to cash cows, those who You have collected a lot of money here The leadership substitute addresses a can come in and do something like together in Washington to pour into number of other greatly needed re­ that, or to hear the views of ordinary the political process. Who are you forms. The substitute would slam shut people, the teacher, the student, the going to give it to? Senator X, Y, or Z the soft money loophold, the provisions construction worker, the farmer who who is sitting here on a very important of S. 3. Soft money called sewer money does not have the ability to say here is committee that affects your pocket­ by many is the huge amount of con­ $300,000, remember me and my problem. book, whose votes you need to protect tributions from corporations, unions, It is only 5 minutes to spare on a your pocketbook, or are you going to and wealthy individuals that are fun­ busy day. As long as you have to figure give to that outstanding young woman out how you are going to raise $4 mil­ or man back home, whether it is in Illi­ neled through political parties to influ­ ence Federal elections. lion to get reelected, or if you are from nois, Oklahoma, or someplace else, This money is not reported. This a large State, maybe $10 million to get brimming with new ideas and idealism money is not limited in the amounts. reelected or $12 or $15 million-we have who wants to come here and make a So you can have those fundraisers. The had some elections where the two can­ difference for the country? Unfortu­ theory is that peopla can only give didates together spent close to $40 mil­ nately, that young woman or man sit­ $1,000 to a candidate. A PAC can only ting back home in Illinois or Oklahoma lion in some highly contested races in or Kansas or California or New York or give $5,000 under current law to a can­ big States in our country. If you have wherever it is, they are not on that im­ didate. But you still read in the papers 5 minutes to spare on a busy day and portant committee right now. Their about these fundraisers where people you have to worry-you do not want to vote is not going to affect your pocket­ are giving $100,000 each or $200,000 each. have to worry, but because the way the book right now. You know, and if they How do they do that? It is through the system is you have to worry about rais­ pull a big political upset, end up win­ soft money sewer money loophole. ing $10 million for your reelection. It is ning and surprising everybody, you can They give it to all the State parties a busy day. Your secretary comes in to just always hold a fundraiser after they around the United States under the you, says, "Senator, there is a young are already here in Washington and theory that they are giving it fo par­ woman going to college, or high school make amends, help them pay off their ties to help local elections. Do you in your State. She is out there and campaign deficit. think when they pour in the amount of would love to come in and talk to you That happens all the time, Madam money that they are really trying to about Government." She is maybe President. In fact, there are many influence the election of the local wanting to go into Government herself Members of Congress who have a fund­ county sheriff that they do not even one day. Or there is a construction raiser in Washington to pay off their know? Of course not. They are giving it worker out there. Or there is a farmer deficit, new Members, before they ever to the State party so that they can who finished wheat harvesting and get here and cast even their first vote, funnel back other activities to influ­ came up to Washington. He got an idea because money is important in politics. ence Federal elections, all of that while he was sitting on the tractor. He So, let us look at the fact. The PAC under the spending limits. It is a loop­ got a good idea how to help the coun­ money? Of course; it goes to the people hole so big you can drive a truck try. He wants to share it with you. that are here, that are already here, through it. It is a loophole in the Presi­ Or there is a PAC manager out here. that can affect the pocketbooks of dential election process as well as the He can give you $10,000 right now: One those people on those powerful com­ congressional election process. for the primary election, and one for mittees. If this proposal had been enacted in the general election. Not only that, he Let us look at the fact. That is not the last election it would have drained can hold a fundraiser for you in Wash­ the theory. As we can see from this $85 million in soft money that we have ington. We might raise $100,000 in one chart in the 1992 elections where did been able to identify out of the system. night. the PAC money go? Six dollars to in­ We replace this corrupt practice with a You have 5 minutes to spare. Who are cumbents in the Senate, for every $1 grassroots system that encourages in­ you going to see? The young student that PAC's gave to challengers, 6 to 1. dividual participation replacing the brimming with idealism? The farmer It did not matter if they were Demo­ power of money with the power of the with all the ideas while riding on his crats, Republicans, liberals, conserv­ people. We set up a grassroots fund tractor? They are not going to help you atives. If they are an incumbent on a which local parties can have out in the raise the $10,000 or $20,000 or $30,000 you powerful committee that can affect the open; wholesome, healthy. People can have to raise this week. pocketbook interests of the people give to it. No; you are probably going to see the served by those PAC's, they give the People who want to support their po­ person who can help you raise that money to the people to help them, that litical parties can do that. We do not money you desperately have to raise to can help their interests; $6 per $1. What weaken parties. But we say do not finance the campaign. about the House: $10 to $1. The House raise that money in the back room Then we are shocked when we read PAC's gave $10 to incumbents for every $100,000 at a time. Raise it out in the editorials where the American people $1 that they gave to challengers. open where everybody can see it, and say Congress does not represent people 10764 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE May 21, 1993 like us; they represent the special in­ the quality of political campaigns by So we are not asking the American terests. requiring accountability when negative people-that young woman, those stu­ What a tragedy. It is a tragedy for attack ads are used. Candidates would dents going to school, the farmer, that everybody. It is a tragedy for that be forced to claim responsibility for all construction worker I talked about young woman, that student who came of their ads, so they cannot hide behind awhile ago-to pay more taxes in order up and wanted to see you. It is a trag­ plausible deniability by remaining ig­ to change the system. We are saying edy for that farmer. It is a tragedy for norant of the contents of the ads their let us end the special deduction there that construction worker. And it is a campaigns are producing. is for lobbying; let us have lobbyists tragedy for you because you did not We would have to come on at the end pay into this clean Government fund come here to conduct yourself that of every ad and claim credit for it with that is designed to bring more influ­ way. You came here because you cared a picture on the screen, ''This ad was ence back to the people back home in­ about people like that young woman; approved by," and the name of the can­ stead of those who are here seeking fa­ you cared about people like that farm­ didate. vors. er; and you cared about people like That might stop ads with an anony­ Madam President, this is a good re­ that construction worker. You came up mous announcer coming on to say: "Do form bill. It is my hope that over the here to serve them, not some PAC you know"-the voters know-"what a days of debate that follow, the Mem­ manager. scoundrel and lout this person is who is bers of this body will listen to the facts And yet, who do you give your time running for office?" And then that and ignore the transparent rhetoric of to? Who do you give your 5 minutes to anonymous announcer goes on to say those who are opposed to real change. because you have to raise $10 million or all sorts of things which are probably Their broad claims will be seen for $4 million? not true about the candidate. what they are, a weakly disguised at­ That is wrong, Madam President. It No, you might not be too proud about tempt to defeat substantive change is wrong. We know it. We know it. How doing that if you had to come on at the that would stop runaway spending and long are we going to wait to cleanse end of the ad and say, "I claim credit halt the destructive effects of special this institution of that taint? How long for this sleazy, mud-slinging cam­ interests. are we going to wait to change a sys­ paign." Maybe you would think about You have heard the facts. This bill tem that keeps us from being the men thinking about it in the first place. would have taken $85 million in soft For the first time, real teeth would money and tens of millions of dollars and women we came here to be, from be put into the enforcement of our being the public servants we came here campaign finance laws. It does not do in PAC money out of the system in the to be? How long are we going to wait to any good to have good, stiff rules if you 1992 election, nearly all of it away from restore the peoples' confidence in their do not enforce them. Currently, the incumbents, so that challengers would own Government again? Federal Election Commission, FEC, is have had a more even chance to com­ We are in a critical point in our unable to enforce the law due to its pete. This is solid reform. The numbers country. We all realize that, and strug­ equally divided 3-to-3 political com­ show it; the people understand it; and gle with decisions to make. We know position. We have gridlock in the Con­ the challengers want it.. But many in we have to make some big decisions gress between Democrats and Repub­ this body still do not get it. soon on the budget and a lot of other licans. They have it on the Federal If those who oppose this bill are not things. Some of the people in Congress Election Commission. They have convinced by my arguments, I hope have different ways of going about it. Democrats and they have Republicans, they will listen to the Republicans who We are going to get our country back and they have a hard time agreeing on are not currently in office. During con­ on the right track, but for goodness' anything when there is a hot case up. sideration of last year's bill, 32 Repub­ sake, let us have a system. Let us de­ It is really shocking. lican challengers urged then President vote our time to· thinking about that When there is a complaint against a Bush to sign this bill into law. They instead of thinking about raising Republican before the FEC, the Repub­ understand it. It does not matter money. licans usually think it is unfair and whether you are Democrat or Repub­ How long are we going to wait? How vote against doing anything, or slap­ lican; if someone new is trying to many more years am I going to be ping any wrist, and the Democrats vote break into politics, you know what it called upon to come out here as a spon­ in favor of it three times. Democrats is like to be up against incumbents sor of this legislation? This is the 10th sometimes have thought on that fig­ with huge financial warchests. anniversary; it has been 10 straight ure, finding fault with the FEC. This Seventeen Republican alumni, years. I started when I came out with breaks the gridlock, permitting parties former Members of the House and Sen­ Senator Goldwater doing this, and then to take the case to Federal court if ate, also supported the bill. Further, with Senator BYRD, Senator MITCHELL, three Commissioners plus the general the majority of House Republican chal­ and Senator FORD. How many more counsel-who is an impartial person, lengers, the majority of those Repub­ years are we going to do it? How long picked by both Democrats and Repub­ licans running for the House in 1992, 102 are we going to wait before we do what licans on the Commission-think there of 189 Republicans who were running we know we ought to do? should be a right to compete. last time, publicly supported a bill that Are we just going to wait until the Finally, the President's plan would contains spending limits and public American people finally say "Enough; pay for the necessary cost of meaning­ campaign resources. we are going to clean you all out"? ful campaign finance reform by taxing So to say that this is a partisan bill Even that will not solve the problem, lobbyists. Under the Supreme Court's because many of the incumbents on the because we still have the same corrupt interpretation in Buckley versus other side of the aisle oppose it is not system. The next bunch will start in Valeo, we cannot mandate spending true. Those people who do not have a trying to figure out how to raise the limits; they have to be voluntary. This voice here right now because they did special-interest money so they can means benefits must be given to induce npt get here-we did not get many of stay in office, just like the last bunch. candidates to accept spending caps. It them, whether Democrats or Repub­ So we have to change it. We have to only seems fitting that a plan designed licans, because they could not raise as change it. to decrease special-interest influence much money as those of us already Under our bill, those kinds of choices would be paid for in this way. here-they spoke. And the Republicans, we would not have to make anymore. The American people recognize that. 102 of the Republican challengers in the We could afford to spend more time A recent poll indicated that 70 percent House, said, "Pass a bill like this." representing the people we were sent of Americans favor a measure to pay This is not a partisan bill. It does not here to serve. for this kind of reform by ending the seek to be a partisan bill. The aim here This bill would also discourage mud­ tax deduction for lobbying expenses in is not to create a partisan atmosphere, slinging campaigns. We would improve our bill. but to demonstrate it should be bipar-

1"_,.,..._ _ __,_ • -~ - ·-- ..... _.. • 1-.r~ ___ ,, .0.a • L .. • •' + • May 21, 1993 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 10765 tisan. This is not a Democratic prob­ improve this bill and make it a better SUPPORT FOR ROBERTA lem or a Republican problem; it is an bill. It is our best effort. It is the Presi­ ACHTENBERG American problem. I have worked hard dent's best effort. We have worked hard Mr. PELL. Madam President, the to incorporate suggestions from both on it. He has worked hard on it. But we President has nominated Roberta sides of the aisle. Several Senators, in­ would never claim it is perfect. That is Achtenberg to be Assistant Secretary cluding Senator DANFORTH, proposed one of the great things about the legis­ for Fair Housing and Equal Oppor­ the broadcast voucher system we in­ lative process, people come in and they tunity. I plan to support her nomina­ cluded. We have longer spots, not 30- think about things you have not tion for several reasons. second attack spots, and we have to thought about yourself and other situ­ In my view, Ms. Achtenberg is quali­ have people assume responsibility for ations you may not have envisioned fied to hold this position. She has been the ads I just described. and they say, "We have a better idea. a civil rights attorney, a law school Many Republican Senators have tar­ Let us make it a better bill." dean, and an elected member of the geted the cost of campaigns as a goal of We are open to that, Madam Presi­ San Francisco Board of Supervisors. true reform, and through our reduced dent. There are concerns even in our She also has the endorsement of those mailing and broadcast rates, we have own caucus to how we can improve this who know her best, including Senator incorporated their concerns. In fact, it bill and make it fairer. The distin­ BOXER and Senator FEINSTEIN. was former Senator Rudman, a Repub­ guished Presiding Officer has given me In addition, it has been a long held lican, who convinced me we should not some ideas how we can make this a practice of mine to accede to the wish­ allow candidates to receive the lowest fairer bill, and we are going to listen. es of a President in selecting can­ unit broadcast rate; but they should be We are open to suggestions. We want to didates to fill positions within the Gov­ able to buy a certain amount at half make it a better bill. We want to make ernment. I have followed this custom that rate. it fair. Above all, we want to make it no matter what the political party of I continue to welcome suggestions of a bill to open access to the political the President and have only departed both Democrats and Republican Sen­ process for more people to be able to from this practice under exceptional ators to help improve this bill. run, become a part of the political circumstances. I think that my colleagues on both process, help us solve the problems of Finally, I have a personal reason for sides of the aisle know that while I the country. supporting this nomination. My daugh­ have been a Member of the Senate, I Madam President, sometimes within ter Julia is the president of the Rhode have not been one that would be classi­ the cozy confines of this Chamber it is Island Alliance for Gay and Lesbian fied as overly partisan. In fact, Madam easy to lose sight of who we work for, Civil Rights. I would not want to see President, I suppose, although I am and to forget what their expectations her barred from a Government job be­ handling the President's bill on the are. Let there be no mistake: the peo­ cause of her orientation. I believe we floor today on this subject, that if you ple of this country-Republicans, should strive to let simple standards of went down and asked some people Democrats, Independents, people who fairness and equal treatment be our around the White House this morning, have never voted, people who have al­ guide in examining all nominees that in light of my budget proposals yester­ ways voted-are watching. They will, come before us. I know I would want to day, which were bipartisan, which were and should, hold us responsible. We see my daughter treated fairly if she joined in by some Republicans, there can, and must, meet the challenge they were the nominee before us today. might be some Democrats who do not have given us. We must merit their Madam President, I suggest the ab­ thin!{ I am partisan enough sometimes. confidence once again. sence of a quorum. There is not a bill designed to seek I thank the Chair, and I suggest the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The some partisan advantage. This is a fair absence of a quorum. clerk will call the roll. bill. We have been meeting with sev­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. The The legislative clerk proceeded to eral Members from across the aisle who clerk will call the roll. call the roll. have some legitimate concerns with The legislative clerk proceeded to Mr. RIEGLE. Madam President, I ask this bill and want to make sure it is call the roll. unanimous consent that the order for fair. We want to make sure that we re­ Mr. PRYOR. Madam President, I ask the quorum call be rescinded. duce special-interest influence as much unanimous consent that the order for The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without as we can. We want to make sure that the quorum call be rescinded. objection, it is so ordered. we do not give an advantage, whether The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without it is to corporations or labor unions or objection, it is so ordered. others, to influence the system. We are ACCEPT AND TOLERATE Mr. PRYOR. Madam President, I ask DIVERSITY willing to work on that. unanimous consent I may speak as in We are making great progress and I morning business. I do not think I will Mr. RIEGLE. Madam President, I am very encouraged that, in the letter be much over 5 or 6 minutes. want to take note of the remarks of which they wrote to me, they indicated The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without the Senator from Rhode Island [Mr. that they were not opposed to the con­ objection, it is so ordered. PELL] who is still on the floor, in terms cept of spending limits. That is very The Senator from Arkansas is recog­ of a moment ago indicating his support important because as long as there are nized. for Roberta Achtenberg to be an As­ those who say they want reform but no Mr. PRYOR. I thank the Chair. sistant Secretary over at the Depart­ spending limits, there is really not (The remarks of Mr. PRYOR pertain­ ment of Housing and Urban Develop­ much to talk about, as I have already ing to the introduction of S. 1007 are ment. said, because that is the heart of the located in today's RECORD under I appreciate his support for the nomi­ reform. There are several Republicans "Statements on Introduced Bills and nation, which was reported out of our who do not take that position, and I Joint Resolutions.") committee favorably on a bipartisan am very, very optimistic that we are basis, a majority of members of both going to be able to reach an agreement parties, 14 to 4, based on her excep­ and that we will be able to have suffi­ tional qualifications for this job. But I cient votes and we will have some from MORNING BUSINESS also appreciated the Senator's com­ both sides of the aisle to pass this leg­ Mr. PELL. Madam President, I ask ments with respect to judging people islation into law. unanimous consent that there now be a on their professional qualifications and So I extend my hand, again, to those period for morning business, with Sen­ avoiding and setting aside some of on the other side of the aisle who want ators permitted to speak herein. what we have seen in terms of true reform, and I say to them we are The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without targeting individuals or targeting willing to listen to your suggestions to objection, it is so ordered. groups for some kind of screening out 10766 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE May 21, 1993 from Government service or creating a anybody, in or out of the Senate, to lay The other article that I wish to refer barrier to their participating fully in down some iron test based on their own to on page A2 of the Wall Street Jour­ our society. personal views that therefore have to nal has the headline "Trade Gap Grew I want to thank him for his com­ apply to everybody else in society. Just to $10.21 Billion During March. Deficit ments, and I want to say that this the reverse. We set the country up to Hit 4-Year High; Total Is Likely To whole country is founded with the idea get away from that. We do not believe Lower Figure for U.S. Growth." in mind that we want to put an end to in that kind of dictatorial approach I will ask unanimous consent that discrimination and intolerance against from the top down where one group or this and another article I will refer to individuals and against groups in our one individual can somehow dictate to in a minute be made a part of the society, whatever the basis. We have everybody else how they ought to live RECORD at the end of my remarks and seen it practiced today in terms of ra­ their own personal lives. simply say that if you imagine what cial discrimination, gender discrimina­ We have seen it in a lot of areas. We this article points out-that in the tion, sexual orientation, ethics dis­ do not just see it with respect to this month of March just completed, now crimination many times, and there is nomination in this context. It arises in that the figures are in, the United no room for any of it in our society. this context, but we have seen it in States had a trade deficit in that 31- What we hold out as a vision for our other in,stances where there has been day period of over $10 billion. That country is that we can look at people an attempt, I think, with other legisla­ means $10 billion net was drained out on an equal footing across our society tive matters to try to cut in, to have of this country and sent to foreign and see in people the ability to serve. Government cut into peoples' personal countries, and, of course, the jobs that The burden of citizenship, which falls lives and tell them what they can and are attached to that activity also were on all of us in our society, is not only cannot do in areas that should be re­ lost overseas. to participate as citizens and to vote served for personal decision. We see It is being said now, because the occasionally, but also to step forward that with respect to, I think, a wom­ trade deficit is so large, people are feel­ in capacities of public service. So we an's right to choose and to control her ing they are going to have to revise want all citizens to feel both the re­ own body. We have seen over a period down the first quarter growth numbers sponsibility and the great privilege of of time efforts by some to interfere in because of the damage that is being being able to come forward and partici­ that area as well and to sort of inject done to the American economy and the pate in our system of government. So Government in and somehow impose a higher level of unemployment that this all people need be welcomed and non­ Government standard based on the pri­ creates. branded or in some way, by means of · Half of this deficit, over half, is with vate views of one or another individual Japan. Japan has a well-established some discriminatory assignment, be or some other group that may have told that somehow or another they are pattern of what I call trade cheating, power in Government at a particular where they prevent access to our prod­ less· than everyone else or unwelcome time. in the service of our Government. I think that kind of an approach the ucts in their market, particularly cars I want to just finally say, I think the American people, as I say, reject. I and auto parts, which are about half of country has really had it with the in­ think when they saw that coming out the problem we have with Japan, but in tolerance. We had a big burst of that in a number of other areas as well. And as of that national convention just a few a result, great damage has been done to the last Presidential campaign. In fact, months ago, it was very troubling and the convention, I would say, of the our economy. people were turned off because they do Since 1980, Japan has taken over $500 other party featured a lot of that. not accept that and they do not want There has been great commentary billion, over half a trillion dollars, out to see that done, where we polarize, di­ of the United States in terms of a trade about it, not just from those of us in vide, and target people and by means of surplus in their favor, leaving a deficit, my party, but from people in the Re­ some arbitrary test discriminate of course, of great damage to us. publican Party who were deeply trou­ against somebody and to somehow sug­ Of course, now they are saying they bled by aspects of that national con­ gest that they are less worthy than really cannot do anything about it. In vention which seemed to be lashing out anybody else and perhaps in this case fact, it is getting worse, not better. at certain people in the country and even suggest that that is a barrier to The March numbers are an illustration ridiculing them, branding them, and service in Government. of that; over $5 billion was drained out displaying a kind of intolerance toward It cannot be. It should not be. It is of this economy in 31 days and sent to people in terms of their attitudes or very important we understand what is Japan. It is an unconscionable pattern. views or how they might live their per­ at stake here on a broader plane, not I appreciate the fact that the Clinton sonal lives in a way that I think most just this nomination that Senator administration is confronting it, di­ people in the country found highly of­ PELL from Rhode Island has addressed rectly, bluntly. There was nothing fensive because, if you are going to but to the broader issue of tolerance done over the last 12 years of Reagan start targeting individuals or groups, and equity within our society, gen­ and Bush except to be very supine and that practice, as the Senator now in erally. make the United States into a doormat the chair, the Senator from Illinois for the unfair trade practices of Japan, [Ms. MOSELEY-BRAUN] said the other U.S. TRADE DEFICIT and it cost us, as I say, over half a tril­ day, when that kind of conduct gets lion dollars just in net deficit to Japan loose and starts moving around, many Mr. RIEGLE. Mr. President, I wish to since 1980. people end up getting targeted. In fact, speak to an issue very much in the It was not surprising to me to see the whole concept of our country, in ef­ news. I have here a copy of yesterday's that the Japanese were very quick to fect, gets targeted if we allow that to Wall Street Journal. I want to make invite former President Reagan, after happen. reference to two articles that address he left the White House, to come right So we cannot, I think, entertain the the trade crisis that we are suffering in on over to Japan and make a speech notion that people ought to be denied this country. We have a terrible trade over there, for which he was very hand­ service in our Government in impor­ deficit. It has been going on for many somely paid. The reported numbers in tant capacities where they are fully years, getting much worse this year the newspapers were that he was paid equipped by professional background from just last year, though last year $2 million to go over there and give a and training and motivation and skill was very bad, and we are losing mil­ couple of speeches-not surprising to serve by virtue of some test that one lions of needed jobs in this country be­ given how weak our Government was or another person might apply based on cause of persistent patterns of dif­ in confronting Japanese trade abuse their personal orientation or values. ficulty including unfair trade patterns during the years of 1980 to 1988, during Our country was set up to accept and that we see in our relationships with the two 4-year terms of that Presi­ to tolerate diversity and to not allow other countries. dency.

-~ ----~~~-- _..__ .. _ .... May 21, 1993 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 10767 I wish to cite now the second article I urge people to read this because I worklife, then these jobs have to be which also relates to the trade prob­ think, when you read it, your blood kept in the United States of America. lem. In some respects this is even more pressure is going to go up, up, up. If we are not going to keep them disturbing because this looks to the fu­ The other day we had Ross Rerot be­ here, then our young people and others ture where now we do not have a strat­ fore the Senate Banking Committee to losing their jobs, whatever age, who egy in place such as we do with the new testify on the NAFTA agreement. Here are out in the job market are not going harder line that the administration has he is, as a Texan businessman. You do to find replacement jobs. People com­ taken toward Japan on the trade issue. not have to agree with each and every ing out of the defense industry, where This one deals with the proposed view he expresses, but on this issue he we are seeing all the cutbacks, are not free-trade agreement with Mexico. is exactly right. This issue is going to going to find jobs in America. They are There is a stunning story here on the be a major job loser for the United not finding them now. back of the front section of the Wall States and already has been. More and more, if you read the news­ Street Journal. It ought to be required Just in the industry I am most famil­ papers, . there are stories this week reading for every person in this coun­ iar with, the automobile industry, about college graduates coming out try who cares about the economic fu­ Ford, Chrysler, and GM already have this year-there was another story in ture and about the job base of America. over 70 plants in Mexico and this free­ the national newspapers within the The headline is: "Mexico Mounts a trade agreement with Mexico is de­ last week saying that this is the worst Massive Lobbying Campaign To Sell signed to make investments down period of job prospect for graduates North America Trade Accord in the there more attractive, more attractive. coming out of college that anybody has United States." In fact, most of the safeguards built seen in years and years. As you read this article, there is a into this treaty are to safeguard in­ So what are the college graduates listing here of all of the hired guns in vestment in Mexico. So it is going to doing, those who have worked hard, this town, all the lobbyists for hire, make it easier for companies to go sacrificed, their families have sac­ many of them former top trade offi­ down there. rificed so they could go ahead and get cials in our Government who have been As a matter of fact, the Mexican Gov­ their education, many coming out with hired by the Mexican Government to ernment actually formed a fund large student loans that they have to do an inside job, to grease the skids, to through some Wall Street connections pay off, very anxious to go to work to try to put this free-trade agreement to create a pool of money to come in apply the training that they have re­ with Mexico through the House and and target businesses in the United ceived, many of them, a very large through the Senate. It lays out in great States that could be purchased, closed number, cannot find any work? In fact, detail what their strategy is. down, the operations moved to Mexico, they are going home to be with their They are spending countless millions where dollar-an-hour labor is available parents again at the very time they of dollars doing this. They hired a to run those operations in order to in­ should be going out on their own and former trade ambassador of our Gov­ crease the profit margins, and in a pe­ want to go out on their own, because ernment, if you could imagine that, a riod of 2 or 3 years after the move be there are not enough jobs. top trade official during the Reagan­ able to sell those companies off at a So the question is how many more Bush period has been hired by the much higher dollar value. It is sort of jobs do we want to send to Mexico? Mexican Government as an agent for the leveraged buyout strategy of the Should we send another million jobs to them to ram this thing through here. 1990's, but it is coming in under the Mexico so people on Wall Street can And it lists all of the other people-not umbrella of this proposed free-trade make a fortune and so a handful of all of them but a large number of them agreement with Mexico. companies can fatten their profit mar­ here in Washington-who have been Ross Perot came in with a well-docu­ gins and report higher earnings for the hired to go and do this job for the mented study as to the terms that are shareholders? Mexican Government. being targeted in each of the 50 States Somebody is going to have to be able That is why you are seeing such a that fall into this particular category. to work in this country to provide the propaganda barrage on this issue, be­ I have sent a letter to every Senator national standard of living. If we are cause it is very carefully engineered. A indicating the number of those kinds of ever going to close this Federal budget lot of money is being made to pump companies in his or her State that are deficit, we are going to do it by getting out all the propaganda to make this in that bull's eye, to be purchased and people to work. thing look like it is a good deal for the taken over and moved to Mexico, and The unemployment rate in this coun­ United States when it is not. the jobs that are likely to be lost in try today is 7 percent. In Japan, it is I might just cite in that regard, the each of the 50 States as a result of it. only 2112 percent. Imagine that. And the New York Times, which is editorial­ That is just part of the problem. Japanese are concerned that their un­ izing in favor of the NAFTA, just the So I appreciate the fact that on this employment rate is as high as it is at other day ran a 9-page advertising sup­ issue, Mr. Perot, who is a Texas busi­ 21/2 percent. They just announced that plement, a paid advertising supplement nessman, who is down there adjacent they are going to have a stimulus pro­ by those supporting the free-trade to Mexico, and I think understands this gram, a job-building program in Japan agreement with NAFTA. It was re­ issue, has blown the whistle on it. It is this year of $114 billion because they ported-I do not know if these numbers a very important act of leadership, and want to get more of their people to are right, so I add that condition-it it is one that I strongly support. work. Bill Clinton, to his credit, asked was reported that that advertising sup­ So people are going to have wake up for a jobs program for the United plement cost $475,000. That is a pretty on this issue. Despite all of this propa­ States of $16.3 billion. Imagine that­ good revenue item for the New York ganda barrage that is being paid for, as $16.3 billion versus $114 billion that the Times, which is a private business, a this story in the Wall Street Journal Japanese have announced they are profi tmaking business. points out, in the big advertising sup­ going to spend. So you can see that there is a lot of plement, 9-page advertising supple­ As a matter of fact, that was turned money out there behind this operation. ment in the New York Times, designed down. We had a filibuster on this side In fact, if you are selling advertise­ to create a drumbeat that says; Oh, let of the aisle saying no, we are not going ments in national newspapers, you ap­ us go ahead and do this. The bottom to have any problem to stimulate jobs parently can earn a lot of money. You line is if you want jobs in this country, for summer youth and for others in the can sell a lot of advertising space if if you want jobs at a decent wage level, private sector. And so that bill was you are willing to go ahead and do so, high value-added work that can sup­ killed. as was done in that case. But it is part port a family and that can carry with But here the Japanese now are going and parcel of this kind of a campaign it the health care coverage, to enable a to spend $114 billion, and over the that we see. worker to accumulate a pension over course of a year half the money to pay 10768 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE May 21, 1993 for their stimulus program is going REGIONAL TRADE BALANCES have hired no fewer than 24 lobbying, public to come out of their trade surplus U.S. merchandise trade balances by region, relations and law firms to negotiate and pro­ with us. in billions of U.S. dollars, not seasonally ad­ mote the trade pact, at an annual cost of justed. about $15 million. The campaign has been in So we are shipping jobs to Japan, in­ high gear since 1991, and may run up a total creasing their income. They are using Mar. Mar. tab of $45 million by the end of this year. 1993 Feb. 1993 1992 the money to make their economy even IMAGE PROBLEM stronger, and we are seeing jobs dis­ Japan ...... -$5.26 -$4.13 -$4.07 Charles Lewis, executive director of the appear. And we do not even have a re­ Canada ...... -0.64 -0.91 -0.37 Western Europe ...... +0.44 +l.42 +2.32 Center for Public Integrity, which tracks sponse in place to try to do something Mexico ...... +0.30 +0.32 +0.58 lobbying, says the effort may be the single to try to put some job lift into our own NICs 1 -0.97 -0.41 -0.75 biggest foreign lobbying campaign ever. economy. 1 Newly industrialized countries: Singapore, Hong Kong, Taiwan. South "With Mexico hiring a large number of (Mr. KERREY assumed the chair.) Korea . former officials," he says, "it can look like Mr. RIEGLE. It is no wonder people Source: Commerce Department. they're trying to buy the treaty." in the country are frustrated and won­ Analysts supposed that last fall, when or­ And that's the problem. Trade pact sup­ der what is going on here. But the kind ders were being placed for spring, business porters are beginning to worry that the blitz of gridlock that we have seen in the leaders were more optimistic about the pend­ could backfire by creating the impression ing heal th of the economy. The big jump in that the trade accord is more in Mexico's in­ past, the kind of unwillingness to face terest than in the U.S.'s. For his part, Ross up to the problems of the erosion of the imports during March was concentrated in consumer goods, excluding automobiles, and Perot, a tireless adversary of the accord, re­ jobs base are at the heart of this prob­ industrial materials. cently lectured a Senate committee, " Never lem. Exports also grew ht March at a pace, ana­ forget the huge lobbying effort that Mexico So I again say this trade data for lysts said was a "blip" and wouldn't be con­ is making." March is very alarming. It shows that tinued because of the fundamental economic If the foreign lobbying, rather than the the country is in real danger in this weakness of many U.S. trading partners. The merits of the trade accord, capture the lime­ area of our national performance. The U.S. sold $39 billion of goods abroad in light, "it could be a disaster," warns Henry March, $2.04 billion more than it did the Freeman, who lobbies on trade issues for big story of this back page here about all U.S. companies. Meanwhile, U.S. supporters the money that the Mexican Govern­ month before, concentrated mainly in cap­ ital goods, industrial supplies and consumer of the accord, including the Clinton adminis­ ment is spending for all the hired guns, goods. tration, have been less well-organized. And the lobbyists here in Washington, in­ " From these numbers we shouldn't think U.S. opponents, led by labor unions and envi­ cluding former trade officials out of that all of a sudden there's been a great dete­ ronmental groups, are making an impact by our own Government, to ram this free rioration in U.S. competitiveness. In the arguing that the pact would cost U.S. jobs trade agreement with Mexico down our coming months, the trade gap will move and undermine environmental standards. throat is going to do that much more back to $7.5 billion," Mr. Steinberg said. The accord would phase out tariffs among The deficit with Japan and the U.S. surplus the U.S., Canada and Mexico over 15 years. damage. with Western Europe both worsened signifi­ Many economists project all three countries I urge my colleagues to read this. I cantly in March. The deficit in Japan wid­ would gain from the accord, but Mexico urge the American people to take a ened to $5.26 billion from $4.13 billion and the should gain the most because the pact guar­ hard look at it because it is your fu­ surplus with Western Europe narrowed to antees continued access to the huge U.S. ture that is on the line. There is a sell­ $437 million from $1.42 billion the month be­ market and encourages investment south of out going on at the job base of Amer­ fore. After Japan, the second largest trade the border. ica. Until we face it, and stop it, things deficit the U.S. held was with China. The THE POWER CORRIDOR are not going to get better in this Clinton administration must soon decide Herman von Bertrab, an urbane Mexican country. whether to continue providing that country businessman who runs the Mexican Embas­ with low tariffs or revoke them because of sy's operations in support of the accord, ar­ Mr. President, I have concluded my human rights violations. remarks. I ask unanimous consent that ranges to work the power corridors in Wash­ When the trade figures were first released ington while at the same time building a the articles I referred to earlier be in­ yesterday, Commerce Secretary Ronald pro-accord Hispanic bloc around the country. cluded in the RECORD. Brown issued a statement saying that one of U.S. public relations firms help to line up There being no objection, the articles the ways the big trade imbalance with Japan speaking engagements for Mexican officials were ordered to be printed in the should be corrected is by "market-driven ex­ throughout the U.S., the law firms analyze RECORD, as follows: change rate corrections." News of that in the specifics in the trade deal and its various markets caused the dollar to plunge against side agreements, and the former government [From the Wall Street Journal, May 20, 1993] the yen in foreign exchange markets. Later, TRADE GAP GREW TO $10.21 BILLION DURING officials map the larger strategy. Congres­ a Commerce Department spokesman said sional lobbyists work Capitol Hill. MARCH that Mr. Brown's statement wasn't a sugges­ Is Mexico overdoing it? Mr. van Bertrab (By Lucinda Harper) tion that the U.S. is developing a policy of doesn't think so. "We gained an understand­ WASHINGTON.-The U.S. trade deficit dete­ foreign exchange manipulation. After that ing of how this system worked," he says. riorated to $10.21 billion in March, the Com­ statement, the dollar went back up. "Lobbyists are a necessary ·evil in the U.S." merce Department said, the widest gap in Every Monday, Mexico's five main congres­ [From the Wall Street Journal, May 20, 1993] nearly four years. sional lobbying firms meet at Mr. von February's deficit was $7.91 billion. MEXICO MOUNTS A MASSIVE LOBBYING CAM­ Bertrab's office to divvy up work. Joseph Although analysts said such a large trade PAIGN TO SELL NORTH AMERICAN TRADE AC­ O'Neill, a former Senate aide to Treasury imbalance isn't likely to repeat itself, the CORD IN UNITED ST ATES Secretary Lloyd Bentsen, and Gabriel March numbers are likely to lower the de­ (By Bob Davis) Guerra-Mondragon, who was a Clinton tran­ partment's estimate for total economic WASHINGTON.-Critics of the North Amer­ sition official, focus on the Democrats. The growth in the first quarter. The initial esti­ ican Free Trade Agreement charge that firms led by former Nixon Treasury Depart­ mate was already a paltry 1.8 percent annual under the trade accord, Mexico will snatch ment aide Charis Walker and former GOP rate, but analysts said that when the govern­ U.S. jobs. But Mexico has already set off a Senate aid Howard Liebengood concentrate ment releases its first revision of the num- · boom in at least one U.S. industry: lobbying. on Republicans. To bolster links to Demo­ bers next week the growth rate will probably Mexico is bankrolling a nationwide cam­ crats after the election, the Mexicans just be much closer to 1 percent. paign to sell the trade accord, and Mexico, to hired Christopher "Kip" O'Neill, the son of The poor trade showing was the result of a Americans. Crafting and carrying out the former House Speaker Thomas P. " Tip" surge in imports, which analysts say can't be campaign is an impressive lineup of political O'Neill. Another current goal is to build con­ sustained. Imports grew by $4.37 billion to heavyweights including former U.S. Trade tacts with the 110 new House members, many $49.20 billion after falling in February. Representative William Brock; Toney Anaya of whom campaigned against the trade ac­ "There is no evidence that there is such a and Jerry Apodaca, past governors of New cord. strong level of consumer demand out there," Mexico; former Commerce Department trade The lobbyists are nothing if not persistent. said Bruce Steinberg, senior economist for chief Robert Herzstein; and retired Navy In the first half of last year, for example, one Merrill Lynch & Co. in New York. "A lot of Secretary Edward Hidalgo. Mexican lobbyist, former Rep. William those imports are probably sitting on retail According to Justice Department records, Ratchford, conferred 15 times with John and wholesale shelves now." Mexico's government and business interests Scheibe!, an aide to Rep. Sam Gejdenson. a May 21, 1993 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 10769 Connecticut Democrat who heads a trade Daniel J. Edelman2 ...... 900,000 reform earlier this morning. I will subcommittee, Justice Department records make a few comments today. show. But Mr. Ratchford is no longer lobby­ Business lobbying ...... 720,000 I have known there has been discus­ ing on the issue. Instead, he's taken a job in the Clinton administration as lobbyist for COECE ...... 350,000 sion of campaign finance reform which the General Services Administration. SJS Advanced Strategies ...... 240,000 is very, very important earlier this Indeed, Mexico has become so taken with Brownstein, Zeidman & Lore ... . 70,000 morning. I would like to make a few U.S.-style lobbying that a Mexican business Thomas J. Scanlon ...... 60,000 comments today and make other com­ alliance, called Coece, paid a former U.S. ments later in the next week or so. trade official, Tim Bennett, to lobby Mexi­ Legal trade strategy ...... 7,400,000 We have been around this track so co's negotiators during negotiations with the ------U.S. on the accord. Three years before sign­ Shearman & Sterling ...... 4,200,000 often it seems that the dust never set­ ing up with Coece, Mr. Bennett was the U.S. ======tles. We have debated, negotiated, ca­ trade representative's chief Mexico nego­ Cleary, Golibeb, Steen & Hamil- joled, and debated some more. tiator. ton 3 ....••••••..•.....•••....•• •.••...... •• 3,200,000 We have had hundreds of votes, a Mexico has appointed four former U.S. offi­ Presidential veto, a failed attempt at a cials as senior advisers to work out strategy: Raising public support ...... _ .._ .. _ .. _ .. _._· __1_,4_5_0_,oo_o veto override, and hours and hours of Mr. Brock, the former U.S. trade representa­ hearings. tive who also has been a U.S. senator and Promin en t Hispanics: The majority leader, Senator MITCH­ chairman of the Republican National Com­ Toney Anaya ...... 260,000 mittee; Mr. Herzstein, the Commerce trade Abelardo Valdez ...... 200,000 ELL, and I even sought help from out­ official who is now a partner in the Mexi­ Edward Hidalgo ...... 160,000 side the Senate, appointing a six-mem­ can's main law firm, Shearman & Sterling; Grass roots: ber bipartisan panel of experts to take Mr. Walker, the former Treasury aide; and Moya, Villanueva & Assoc. . .. . 270,000 Campos Communications ...... 260,000 a fresh look at the issue. I subse­ Thomas Bell, a Senate aide to Mr. Brock who Apodaca, Sosa & Assoc...... 170,000 quently introduced the reform bill now is a senior official at Mexico's main pub­ Pantin Partnership ...... 130,000 based on the panel's recommendations. lic relations firm, Burson-Marsteller. Mexican officials expect these wise men to And, now, after years of partisan tell them what to do about Mr. Perot's at­ Other efforts ...... 270,000 haggling, we find ourselves at the starting line once again, giving new tacks on the accord and lobbyists. " Should Solar & Ellis ...... 220,000 we counterattack or just let it go?" frets one meaning to the term "running in Mexican trade official. Keep cool, Mr. Brock Kathleen Ann Griffith ...... 50,000 place." counsels, "you can't respond to single indi­ Total ...... 15,890,000 Mr. President, despite the partisan viduals or single groups." Instead, he says, 1 No filing at Justice. deadlock, I still have not given up hope Mexico must show skeptical Americans it 2 Amount includes non-Nafta promotional work for on finding the common ground that has "put its house in order" and is run by a Mexican Investment Board. "market-oriented, open-minded team of peo­ 3 Amount includes non-Nafta work for Mexican Fi­ will guarantee a Rose Garden signing ple." nance Ministry. ceremony. To that end, Coece estimates it has treated Source: Justice Department records (Either con­ No doubt about it; Democrats and 76 congressional aides to Mexican junkets to tracts or payments to firms) Republicans could come together to meet with government and business leaders. Meanwhile, the Mexican lobby seems per­ pass a reform bill in a few days if we Other Mexican lobbyists have arranged tours vasive. Mr. Anaya, a former New Mexico gov­ could only muster the political will for lawmakers and U.S. business officials. ernor, who's a friend of Jesse Jackson, tries and check our egos at the door. That's helped to erase Mexico's image as a to woo unionists and environmentalists. Mr. Yes, I suspect some of my Democrat "somnolent. slow-moving burrito-ville," Apodaca another former New Mexico gov­ says Mr. Bennett, the Coece lobbyist. ernor, sets up seminars with Hispanic colleagues in the House may be silently LACKLUSTER U.S. EFFORT groups. Former Navy Secretary Hidalgo hoping for a Republican filibuster. Compared with Mexico's lobbying drive, meets with mainstream Hispanic groups. That may be true here in the Senate U.S. business efforts seem lackluster. Mem­ Hispanic public relations firms in Florida, also, because some like the system the bers of the Business Roundtable have raised Texas and California are hired to burnish way it is, and some hope to keep it about $2 million and set up a group called Mexico's image there. Leslie Pantin, who that way. They are counting on Repub­ USA-Nafta, which claims 1,300 members, runs the Miami operations, says he is orga­ licans because the bill is obviously tilt­ many of them small and medium-size busi­ nizing a trip to Mexico next month for 60 ed against us to try to keep it that nesses. but that number overstates the Florida government and business leaders, in­ group's strength. To join USA-Nafta, compa­ cluding Gov. Lawton Chiles. Rodney Ellis, a way. nies simply fill out a form; no money or ef­ black Texas lawmaker and former House Certainly it is not our intention to fort is required. "You can't expect a gun­ aide, is hired to make overtures to blacks, filibuster this bill, and may be our last blazing, 50-state effort at this point," says including trips to Mexico for black leaders only option, and the option of last re­ Sandra Masur, a trade official at Eastman such as Agriculture Secretary Mike Espy. sort. Kodak Co. who heads USA-Nafta. Indeed, no opportunity for influence seems My colleagues on the other side of Democratic Sen. Bill Bradley of New Jer­ too remote for Mexico's legion of lobbyists. the aisle should know by now that it sey, a staunch supporter of the accord, re­ Kathleen Ann Griffith, a trade accord lobby­ takes two to tango. And the Repub­ cently sent out a letter on USA-Nafta sta­ ist paid to woo environmentalists, even pub­ tionery asking companies to "let me know lished a pro-accord piece in the University of licans will not back down from our that you are willing to make the accord a California's Journal of Environment and De­ core principles, and nor will we be high priority." If a vote on the pact were velopment, with a circulation of 1,500. bashful about our own Republican pro­ held today, he warned, "We would lose." Mr. RIEGLE. I think if there are no posals for reform. Anatomy of a Nafta Campaign other speakers that are coming, I sug­ Here is what the Republican plan Mexico's annual spending to negotiate and sell gest the absence of a quorum. would do. It would ban political action Nafta committees outright; ban the practice Congressional lobbying ...... $1,410,000 The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk will call the roll. of bundling contributions, where you Walker/Free Assoc ...... 510,000 The legislative clerk proceeded to can have somebody pick up a lot of col­ Guerra and Assoc...... 360,000 call the roll. lection for you, put them in a little Gold and Liebengood ...... 240,000 Mr. DOLE. Mr. President, I ask unan­ bundle and say "Here is a campaign Joseph O'Neill ...... 300,000 contribution." O'Neill & Athey i ...... • imous consent that the order for the quorum call be rescinded. We prohibit franked mass mailing Trade strategy ...... 480,000 The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without during an election year. I can say that ------objection, it is so ordered. my colleague and I, Senator KASSE­ Brock Group ...... 360,000 BAUM and I, stopped mailing out news­ Manchester Trade ...... 120,000 letters 4 or 5 years ago to our State of CAMPAIGN FINANCE REFORM Kansas. Nobody objected. We saved the Public relations, lobbying ...... ------.. 4,160,000 Mr. DOLE. Mr. President, I know we taxpayers hundreds of thousands of Burson-Marsteller ...... 3,260,000 have been discussing campaign finance dollars by not sending out these self- 10770 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE May 21, 1993 serving newsletters and other franked gram for politicians. That is precisely publican, the authority to come up mass mailings. We do not send them what the Democrat bill will do. with a package and then require that out, election or not. There would be no So, Madam President, I look forward we accept it, and we accept it. There mailings during an election year. to the debate. We look forward to pro­ have to be enough people out there in We restrict all soft money, not just tecting the American taxpayers from a big country like ours that are not so party soft money. We put a premium another Washington ripoff. And if my party oriented. they have to be so par­ on in-State financing by lowering the colleagues on the other side of the aisle tisan. out-of-State contribution limit to $500. are up to the challenge, I look forward Let us face it. The Democrats have We put a premi um on raising money in to trying to find the opportunity to the majority in Congress, and they are your own States. After all, we come find the magic formula that will untie going to write this bill to improve from different States and most people the Gordian knot of campaign finance their chances, and I say honestly. if we think we probably raise most of the reform. had the majority, we would do the money in those States. That is not the It is not just Republicans who be­ same thing. That is the way it works. case. It would encourage Members to lieves this bill flunks the truth-in-ad­ So how are we going to get real cam­ go back to their own States to raise vertising test. An editorial that ap­ paign finance reform? We are going to the bulk of their money. We would put peared in Roll Call magazine ·had it have to find some people outside the a limit on how much you could raise right when it said: system. Maybe they are Democrats, outside the State. In other words, we President Clinton's campaign finance re­ maybe they are Republicans, but they try to limit the source, by banning form bill * * * is bad legislation that should are experts in the system and they are PAC's and limiting how much you can be defeated. * * * The bill fails in what we fair and they are objective, and they raise, say, if I am from Kansas, how believe should be its most important goal: will sit down and tell us what they much I can raise in New York, Illinois, making races more competitive. Instead, it think ought to happen. or any other State. contains significant incumbent-protection As I said, I think we understand this. We would also improve political com­ devices. We tried it 3 or 4 years ago. Senator petition by allowing the parties to give Incumbent protection disguised MITCHELL appointed three members early seed money to viable challengers. under the banner of reform-that is from the outside and I appointed three. We can do all of this without asking what this debate is all about. They came up with some very good the taxpayers to contrihute a single Mr. President, I ask unanimous con­ ideas. The trouble is we did not like dime. sent that the full text of the editorial their ideas, or some of us did not like I am pleased to see that my Demo­ be printed in the RECORD immediately the ideas. Some Members did not like cratic colleagues have decided to fol­ after my remarks. the ideas. low the Republican lead with the com­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without So I just suggest that this is sort of plete ban on P AC's. objection, it is so ordered. a con game now. We have Democrats Mr. President, the administration (See exhibit 1.) cheering in the cloakroom that we will plan is not a bargain by any measure. Mr. DOLE. There are probably some kill this bill. And I know on the House It will not take effect until January 1, in America who want a one-party sys­ side, House Democrats say "All the Re­ 1995, giving incumbents a free pass in tem. And there are some editors who publicans will kill the bill; do not 1994. want a one-party system. I think of the worry about it. We get all the labor I wonder why we are the floor. We editor of the New York Times. Mr. money., most of the business money, had a hearing on Wednesday. Here it is Raines. He likes a one-party system­ and all the soft money.'' So everybody Friday. Here is a bill that does not all liberal Democrats, no conservative is counting on Republicans to kill this even take effect-it says 1995, it is real­ Democrats or no Republicans, period. bill and say they were for campaign fi­ ly applying to the 1996 races. That would be his ideal world. So he is nance reform which perpetuates them Why are we here? Why are not we beating us over the head because we in power. They do not say that. But the trying to work out some compromise? will not support a plan to make it easi­ Republicans killed it. This bill should not be on the floor at er for Democrats to get elected. He did Well, I hope that is not the case. If all in my view. Of course the majority not get elected to anything the last this campaign finance bill should fail, leader has the right to bring it up. We time I checked. He got a lot of ink. I then I can say on this side of the aisle did not object to bringing it up. There know you never win an argument with we are going to be prepared again and are a lot of reasons it should not be on an editor, but we keep trying. Someone again and again and again to try to get the floor today. It applies a different may be listening. real campaign finance reform com­ rule for the House and the Senate. For Then we have our good friend Al pleted. all in Congress, why do not we all have Hunt, a liberal writer for the Wall For those who just cannot tolerate the same rules? Street Journal. He likes the one-party anything but a one-party system, then We are all in Congress. Why do we system. As long as it is liberal, he does they ought to be for this bill. But if not all have the same rules? We should not care which party. It has to be lib­ they want competition, if they do not have the same rules. eral to satisfy Al Hunt. They adopt want incumbents here forever, whether It establishes inflexible spending lim­ whatever the Democrats are for. What­ Democrats or Republican, they want to its that will make politics even less ever the Democrats are for they are give those who can challenge us the competitive, giving ·incumbents an­ for. That is what they want. We do not better chance, then this is not the bill other leg up over pesky challengers. have any ideas on this side, according to do that. This is the Incumbent Pro­ It does not touch the millions in to Mr. Hunt and Mr. Raines. We have tection Act of 1993-the Incumbent labor union soft money that gets pulled not any reason to even debate this Protection Act of 1993-and for the into the campaign finance each year, issue. Let the Democrats have it. We first time we are going to dip into tax­ almost exclusively, about 98 percent, to want more Democrats. We want more payers' pockets to pick up part of our Democrats. liberals. We want more people to raise campaign expenses. And it raids the taxpayers' pockets your taxes and spend your money. That I confess .to having been part of that again with the phony taxpayer financ­ is what this so-called campaign finance system. You play by the rules around ing scheme. reform bill is all about. here, and when I ran for President-and Mr. President, the American people It should not be on the floor. It does I think maybe someone else in this are tired of the tax-and-spend smoke not take effect for 2 years. There have room had the same experience-I re­ signals coming out of Washington. to be other things we could be doing. ceived what they call Federal match­ They want us to cut spending, cut the If we want to work out campaign fi­ ing funds. That was back in 1987. This deficit, cut the waste in Washington, nance reform, we ought to give some Senator is still waiting for the FEC to not establish a new entitlement pro- outside group, neither Democrat or Re- complete its audit, 51h years later, to May 21, 1993 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 10771 complete its audit. And had we been re­ abridgement of the right of the public to re­ and sleaze. Well, as we find out more quired to keep staff on board all that dress grievances. It will have almost no ef­ details about this breaking newsstory time, I do not know where we would fect on large corporations and unions, but, at the White House, the American peo­ by effectively raising the cost of such items ple are asking questions, and they have gotten the money. We did not as association dues and even rent, it will se­ have the money. I do not know what verely limit the ability of smaller groups to want answers to what they see as real would have happened. get their voices heard. A well-heeled individ­ conflicts of interest, real perception You have the Federal Election Com­ ual (Ross Perot springs to mind) will still problems, real appearances of impro­ mission, which is a big bureaucracy. have no trouble spending his own money to priety and, possibly, some real sleaze. They are still doing audits on the Pres­ come to Washington to speak with law­ Yesterday, the ranking Republican idential races that happened in 1987, makers. on the Appropriations Subcommittee 1988, 1991, and 1992, and there were not The lobby tax proceeds from the notion on Treasury, Postal Service and Gen­ that lobbyists are evil, that trying to influ­ eral Government, Senator KIT BOND of many Presidential candidates. If we are ence legislation is abhorrent. In fact, we going to add 535 Members of Congress must remain the President that our country Missouri, sent a letter to President who get Federal funds, I am not certain was founded on an entirely different prin­ Clinton raising some tough questions how the FEC can get it done. They are ciple. But if lobbying is evil, then it's only about the firings, and asking for a copy going to have to have an office bigger logical that the executive branch should dis­ of the travel office audit performed by than the Pentagon if we start public band its own enormous lobbying apparatus: Peat Marwick. funding of all congressional races, be­ Kiss Howard Paster and his White House op­ I ask unanimous consent that the cause they cannot even complete the eration goodbye and refuse to fund legisla­ text of that letter be printed in the audits on seven, eight, or nine Presi­ tive liaisons in every federal department and RECORD. agency and the armed services. The real aim There being no objection, the letter dential candidates, Republicans and of the lobby tax is to give politicians and bu­ Democrats. reaucrats free rein to work their will with­ was ordered to be printed in the I just hope that when we start look­ out pesky steelworkers or insurance agents RECORD, as follows: ing at campaign reform, we will sit bothering them. The tax-not to mention the U.S. SENATE, down together and maybe bring in ban on lobbyists making campaign dona­ Washington, DC, May 20, 1993. someone from the outside, someone tions-is a slap in the face to anyone who be­ The PRESIDENT, lieves in the First Amendment. The White House, Washington, DC. who everybody has confidence in, and DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: As the ranking Re­ try to figure out how we can do this so Congress must fund this legislation hon­ estly: with a direct tax on all individuals. If publican on the Treasury, Postal Service and it does not advantage either party and, Americans really want a system based on General Government Subcommittee on Ap­ even more importantly, just incum­ matching funds, they should be willing to propriations which has jurisdiction over the bents at the expense of challengers. pay for it. White House budget, I would appreciate it So whatever happens in this debate-­ What's good about the campaign bill: very much if information concerning the re­ and probably what is going to happen Provisions to strengthen the Federal Elec­ cent firing of the entire White House travel is already a foregone conclusion-un­ tion Commission (see page 10)-especially office staff and selection of a Little Rock less the Democrats, the majority long-advocated in these pages-prohibiting travel agency to replace it be provided to candidates from spending any money they me. party, is willing to make concessions, receive from donors who do not fully identify Press reports indicate that on May 19, 1993 we cannot vote for this package, which themselves. the White House summarily fired all seven means they cannot get cloture, which Anti-bundling rules. Bundling-the prac­ employees from the travel office for "gross means the bill will be defeated, at least tice of a group collecting checks from indi­ mismanagement''. These alleged irregular­ temporarily. viduals and then presenting them to a can­ ities were discovered during an outside re­ Let us not wait for that to happen, if didate to receive, in effect, "group credit"­ view done by the accounting firm of Peat in the view of this Senator there are is a clear violation of the spirit of PAC rules. Marwick. According to statements made by still enough of us on both sides who Bundling organizations should simply reg­ Press Secretary Dee Dee Myers while no alle­ ister as PACs and abide by PAC limits. gations of personal misconduct are being will be objective enough to sit down As bad as this campaign bill is, there's a made, "the White House held all seven re­ and try to hammer out some meaning­ way to pass a good one. We'll explain in Mon­ sponsible for the financial mismanagement" . ful campaign reform that is not an in­ day's editorial. While I certainly support your efforts to take action where mismanagement and fraud cumbent protection act and does not Mr. DOLE. Mr. President, I suggest require Federal funding. occur, I am concerned that these dismis­ the absence of a quorum. sals-occuring without any opportunity to EXlilBIT 1 The PRESIDING OFFICER. The allow the accused to defend themselves-­ [From Roll Call, May 20, 1993] clerk will call the roll. does not seem fair. In addition, I am con­ EDITORIAL: A BAD BILL The assistant legislative clerk pro­ cerned that the audit which set these firings While it contains a few good elements, on ceeded to call the roll. in motion is not available for us to review. the whole, President Clinton's campaign fi­ Mr. DOLE. Mr. President, I ask unan­ The Washington Post reports that the reason nance reform bill, as it stands, is bad legisla­ the audit report is not available is that it is imous consent that the order for the not complete, but if this is the case, I believe tion that should be defeated. quorum call be rescinded. The bill fails in what we believe should be it is a fair question as to why were the indi­ its most important goal: making races more The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without viduals fired before the report is complete? competitive. Instead, it contains significant objection, it is so ordered. I would ask that the Peat Marwick review incumbent-protection devices. First, it pre­ be made available to the Subcommittee as vents challengers from outspending Mem­ soon as possible, and would also request that bers-even though Members get a big head WHITE HOUSE TRAVEL OFFICE salary levels, number of staff who will be taking over the responsibilities of the travel start through franking money and other ben.:. Mr. DOLE. Mr. President, while the efits of office. Second, it neutralizes the office, and the overall costs to the taxpayer threat Members fear the most-a well­ White House is trying to explain away of the new system also be provided. I must moun ted independent-expenditure campaign President Clinton's runway haircut in say I am concerned about a developing pat­ or a rich challenger spending his or her own Los Angeles, it looks like the truth is tern of experienced public servants being money. For example, if the NRA or NARAL being trimmed in another hair-raising fired to make room for young political ap­ throws $400,000 in independent expenditures controversy, this one about the White pointees. against an incumbent, the Member gets House's abrupt firing of its travel office Finally, please give a detailed explanation $400,000 in free air time so he or she can of the decision to select a Little Rock, Ar­ staff. kansas travel agency to take over the White counter it. During the past two administra­ The bill also fails miserably in tackling House travel duties. Thank you for your as­ the thorny question of where to find these tions-Republican administrations-we sistance. public matching funds. The money will come heard a lot of pious statements on the Sincerely, both from a gimmicky tax checkoff and from floor of the Senate, and in the media, CHRISTOPHER S. BOND. ending the tax deductibility of lobbying ex­ about conflicts of interest, perception Mr. DOLE. As it turns out, the letter penses. This " lobby tax" is an outrageous problems, appearances of impropriety, from Senator BOND was ahead of the 10772 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE May 21, 1993 curve, and fully anticipated the kind of over Reuters' wire be printed in the 30 years be replaced with Clinton campaign disturbing information we are hearing RECORD. aides. All seven were dismissed; today. There being no objection, the mate­ - And that Worldwide Travel handle all of­ There are media reports that now rial was ordered to be printed in the ficial and political travel for the White RECORD, as follows: House and the Democratic National Commit­ suggest the firings were planned as tee to " reduce in-house costs." long as 3 months ago, as part of a polit­ CLINTON COUSIN PROPOSED CHANGES IN WHITE " The current operation costs more money ical coup at the nonpartisan White HOUSE TRAVEL OFFICE to run than it should and could cost .. . It House travel office. It had never been (By Gene Gibbons) is decentralized and inefficient," the memo done before. In a memorandum written WASHINGTON.-President Clinton's cousin said. by Catherine Cornelius, White House proposed that the White House get rid of ca­ "The current Travel and Telegraph Office Assistant for Administration, David reer employees of its travel office and put seems to be complacent in its inefficiency Watkins-a close friend of the Presi­ her in charge long before the workers were and overly pro-press. Reorganization and dent's from Arkansas-was urged to ap­ fired for alleged mismanagement, a memo centralization of the travel system in the she co-wrote shows. White House would eliminate much of this point Cornelius to run the travel office, The White House said Friday that the inefficiency," it said. replace the nonpolitical staff in the memo had no connection with the firings an­ In saying they should be put in charge, travel office with campaign staff, and nounced Wednesday and strongly denied that Cornelius and Cerda wrote that " rec­ establish a joint travel agency with the the dismissals were part of an effort to fill ommended staff are more knowledgeable and Democratic National Committee. All the executive branch with Clinton relatives familiar with the personalities involved as three partisan objectives were imple­ and campaign cronies. well as the system, thus allowing for better mented earlier this week under the It said seven longtime travel office em­ service." ployees were dismissed after an independent White House officials have stopped short of guise of what the White House called audit found " gross mismanagement" of the accusing the seven fired employees of crimi­ gross mismanagement in its travel of­ office, which coordinates staff travel and nal wrongdoing, saying only that it appears fice. books planes and hotels for the White House some money is missing from the thousands Then we were told about a Peat press. of dollars that went through the office in ar­ Marwick audit, and how it would ex­ That audit, the White House said, was part ranging travel. pose all the mismanagement. Now it of a Clinton initiative to review the perform­ Spokesmen said the FBI was investigating. turns out there are questions about the ance of the federal government to try to re­ Of the fired employees reached by the news audit itself. The Peat Marwick em­ duce costs and improve efficiency. media, all say they are victims of a smear Catherine Cornelius, 25, a distant cousin of campaign and deny wrongdoing. ployee who supposedly conducted the Clinton, and Clarissa Cerda, who works in " I have not stolen anybody's money. The audit was at the same time serving as the White House counsel's office, made the guys in my office have not stolen anybody's an unpaid staff member to the Vice recommendations in a Feb. 15 memo that in­ money. and I feel bad for them, because their President's Government Review Task cluded a chart outlining where they should lives have been tarnished," said Billy Dale, Force. be placed in the new White House structure. fired as chief of the travel office. Mr. President, I do not know all the Copies of their memo were obtained by Clinton has distanced himself from the facts, and neither do the American peo­ Reuters and CNN. flap, saying all he knew was that he was told The memo also recommended that World­ there was "no alternative" to the firings. ple. But I do know that the White wide Travel Inc., a Little Rock, Ark., travel House has an obligation to get all the agency, open branches in the White House Mr. STEVENS addressed the Chair. facts out, and get them out very quick­ and the Democratic National Committee. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen­ ly. At the very least, the reputations of The agency handled much of Clinton's cam­ ator from Alaska is recognized. the seven fired employees demand a paign travel last year with Cornelius as the Mr. STEVENS. Are we in morning fair, independent, and honest review. liaison for the campaign. business, Mr. President? Next, we need to know if this audit was This move. already taken by the White THe PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen­ House, marks the first time that a private ate is conducting morning business. truly independent, was it actually on­ travel agency has been brought in to handle going before all this became public? White House transportation. Officials said it Unfortunately, Republicans are the was an interim move pending permanent IN SUPPORT OF THE COMPREHEN­ minority party in both the Senate and competitive bidding. House of Representatives-we cannot The White House refused to make SIVE FETAL ALCOHOL SYN­ call hearings and put witnesses under Cornelius available for comment. DROME PREVENTION ACT oath. That has been going on in the Her boss, David Watkins, a Clinton friend Mr. STEVENS. Mr. President, I indi­ from Arkansas and the White House adminis­ cated my support for the Comprehen­ past 12 years. If this was a Republican trator, played down the significance of her administration, and a so-called Repub­ proposal. sive Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Preven­ lican perception problem, you can bet " I did see a memo. I put it in a file and I tion Act when the bill was introduced cameras would be setting up in the never read it," Watkins said when asked last week by the junior Senator from hearing room right now. about the document. South Dakota. They probably would have already Watkins said he believed Cerda had given Many of us here have been touched been there this morning and there him the memo and that he told her: " This by the testimony of Michael Dorris in has a very low priority to me right now." his book "The Broken Cord," and in would be hearings all week long about He said the memo "played absolutely no this terrible thing that has happened. role" in the ouster of the seven career work­ particular his poignant tale of learning Well, when the Democrats have ev­ ers, who served at the pleasure of the presi­ his adopted son was affected by the al­ erything-the White House and the dent and have no civil service protection. cohol his natural mother drank during Congress-our options are fairly lim­ White House spokesman George her pregnancy. Like the Senator from ited. Stephanopoulos said: " This memo had noth­ South Dakota, I also represent a State But I have faith in the American ing to do with the decision. It had nothing to which has a disproportionate share of do--zero." media. Let us get the facts. Maybe the But some of the proposals made in the children born with fetal alcohol syn­ travel staff should have been fired; nine-page memo are part of- or at least drome. maybe they should not have been fired. similar to--the restructuring unveiled by the These children are often born into re­ Maybe there was an audit; maybe there White House earlier this week. Cornelius and mote communities without the re­ was not an audit. Maybe it was inde­ Cerda proposed: sources to deal with their medical de­ pendent; maybe it was not independ­ -That they should be placed in charge as mands, let alone educational and fam­ ent. co-directors of the travel office. Cornelius ily resource needs. But I urge the media to keep digging. has been named to coordinate White House Because of the network of data which travel operations, and Watkins said that she So far, they have unearthed some in­ would probably be one of the office's three exists in my State from the Indian teresting travel connections. full-time employees; Heal th Service in Alaska, there was In that regard, I ask unanimous con­ -That six of the seven career employees some evidence of the depth of these sent that a news report that just came who had worked in the White House for 10 to symptoms which are classified as fetal May 21, 1993 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 10773 alcohol syndrome (FAS); however, What has been more troubling to me My message to the Senate is a simple there was little information on fetal al­ is that these women who have given one. We need to stimulate what I call cohol effect (FAE), or on its prevalence birth to an infant identified as FAS or the Mukluk telegraph. Few people in the non-Native community. That FAE often have more than one infant know what the Mukluk telegraph is. I made it difficult to plan a statewide with the condition. Since FAS and see the occupant of the chair smiling. initiative to address this problem in FAE are the most common causes of It really is the concept of word-of­ Alaska. mental retardation, we have every in­ mou th communication in our State. Southcentral Foundation, an Alaska centive to try to save these children Alaskan people know what the Mukluk Native nonprofit organization in An­ from conditions which are totally pre­ telegraph is. chorage, came to me nearly 5 years ago ventable. More people should be talking about with a proposal designed to address a Fetal alcohol syndrome has been por­ what FAS is, and how important it is perceived need at a time when few real­ trayed as a Native problem, when it is not drink at all while pregnant. We ly knew what FAS was. much more widespread, solely because should talk as much as possible about As a partnership with the Indian information has not been available in how FAS babies are taking dollars that Health Service, it was designed to in­ our State and Federa1 databases to could be going into preventive medi­ tervene with a few young Native show the true prevalence of the prob­ cine and public health. I urge every women each year, to help them remain lem. In Alaska, there was literally no Alaskan, and every concerned Amer­ alcohol-free for the duration of their data on non-Native children, except an­ ican, to warn every young woman they pregnancies, and to return them to ecdotal in pediatricians' medical know, whether pregnant or merely con­ their homes with a renewed commit­ records, until they were so identified sidering a family, that they cannot ment to remaining alcohol-free. This through school-age assessment. Most of drink during pregnancy. included a partnership with the Alaska these children were identified as pos­ Mr. President, I suggest the absence Native Alcohol Recovery Center, so sibly mentally retarded, and were of a quorum. that the baby's father could obtain placed in classrooms with other devel­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. The treatment and education at the same opmentally delayed children. clerk will call the roll. time. I have met with education groups in The bill clerk proceeded to call the Ours was the first of its kind, and I Alaska; school board members and spe­ roll. thank my friend, the senior Senator cial education teachers began to talk Mr. BOREN. Mr. President, I ask from West Virginia, for seeing its mer­ about this set of behaviors for which unanimous consent that the order for its when it was still a raw concept. He they felt unprepared. The sheer num­ the quorum call be rescinded. provided his support for a feasibility bers of these children in extremely The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without study, and when it proved to be fea­ small school districts were too difficult objection, it is so ordered. sible, for support to establish such a to handle, and they asked for addi­ center. At the same time, our State legisla­ tional resources. As I learned more PETITIONS AND MEMORIALS ture appropriated matching funds so about the problem, I discovered that these children had needs different from The following petitions and memori­ both Native and non-Native women als were laid before the Senate and could be served by such a center. That other developmentally delayed chil­ dren, and that new resources were were referred or ordered to lie on the allowed their younger children to be table as indicated: with them so there were no needless needed. barriers to treatment. This program It is not enough, however, to simply POM-76. A resolution adopted by the City devote our resources to treating or Council of the City of Los Angeles, CA, rel­ began serving clients last year as the ative to federal funding for an accelerated Dena A Coy Center, an Athabascan educating these children. I have long believed that prevention is the best ap­ natural gas research, development and dem­ name meaning "future generations," or onstration investment program; to the Com­ "the people's grandchildren." proach. Education and public aware­ mittee on Energy and Natural Resources. This process, although arduous, ness serve an important role in ensur­ POM-77. A resolution adopted by the City taught me that projects like these can ing that fewer children are born with Council of the City of Los Angeles, CA, rel­ have an impact. Part of what the pro­ this syndrome or effect. ative to federal funding of electric vehicle gram brought to my States was in­ The Comprehensive Fetal Alcohol programs; to the Committee on Energy and Syndrome Prevention Act, which I Natural Resources. creased visibility of the program. Alas­ POM- 78. A resolution adopted by the City kans began to demand more informa­ have cosponsored, serves an important function through its four-part pro­ Council of the City of Philadelphia, PA, rel­ tion and education about this condi­ ative to Ancient Forests; to the Committee tion and its ramifications, which has gram, located at the Centers for Dis­ on Energy and Natural Resources. meant more than $1 million in medical ease Control and Prevention, NIH, and POM- 79. A concurrent resolution adopted cost for each baby born with the syn­ Substance Abuse and Mental Health by the Legislature of the State of Utah; to drome. That is catastrophic to high Administration. This four-part pro­ the Committee on Energy and Natural Re- FAS-rate States like Alaska, where the gram seeks to apply epidemiologic re­ sources. Indian Health Service absorbs these ex­ search and prevention, F ASIF AE sur­ "H.C.R. No. 2 penses with little visible outward sign. veillance and prevention program as­ "Whereas upon its achieving statehood in Most people do not even know it exists. sessment, education and public aware­ 1896, Utah received four sections of land in Recently I received an interim report ness, and diagnostic criteria for fetal every township from the federal government prepared by a partnership between the alcohol effect. as trust lands for the support of the state's Centers for Disease Control and Pre­ I think we should all thank the Sen­ common schools; ator from South Dakota for his work in " Whereas the state's obligations concern­ vention, the Indian Health Service, and ing the administration of these trust lands the State of Alaska. This report pro­ this area, which I know originated are governed by its Enabling Act and Con­ vided striking information that had from his concern for the native people stitution; not previously been available. Supple­ of his State, as mine did with the Alas­ " Whereas the Enabling Act and Constitu­ mental Security Income benefits for a ka Native people. I want to state, how­ tion have created a solemn compact between person diagnosed with fetal alcohol ever, that this research cannot be the the United States and the State of Utah, syndrome or fetal alcohol effect, for in­ only mechanism for attacking the with the state assuming trust administra­ stance, are projected at $1,750,000 over problem, because it will take some tion responsibilities over these lands; "Whereas in its capacity as trustee, the a period of 20 years. This neither ad­ time to implement, and we may not state has a dud loyalty to the trust bene­ dresses lifetime medical costs nor the have time. We face the awful possibil­ ficiaries and an obligation to prudently man­ costs to the school systems in provid­ ity that we may lose an entire genera­ age the trust assets while seeking to maxi­ ing specialized services for each of tion while we wait to find the best way mize revenues, consistent with the balancing these babies born with FAS or FAE. to prevent FAS and FAE. of short-term and long-term interests; 10774 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE May 21, 1993 "Whereas while a portion of Utah's trust economy, providing food and fiber vital to provide for the efficient administration of lands has been sold or exchanged since state­ the nation's welfare; and the program through stability and continu­ hood, approximately 3.7 million acres of sur­ "Whereas, the state of Iowa, one of the ity in federal law; and face and 4.6 million acres of subsurface trust major agricultural states in the United " Whereas, the immediate passage and en­ lands remain as trui>t assets, geographically States, is a leading producer of feed grains actment of legislation by the United States represented by sevr al thousand parcels of and livestock; and Congress and the President of the United land scattered thrm.. ghout the state, many of "Whereas, there exists a serious problem in States to support the Iowa Beginning Farm­ which are located within federal reserves this state regarding the ability of nonestab­ er Program is unanimously supported by the such as national parks, military installa­ lished farmers to acquire agricultural land, Agriculture Committee of the Iowa House of tions, wilderness study areas, and Indian res­ agricultural improvements, and depreciable Representatives, including the Honorable ervations; agricultural property required to enter farm­ Representative Russell J. Eddie, Chair­ "Whereas state trust lands located within ing; and person; the Honorable Representative James federal reserves generate little if any reve­ "Whereas, these conditions result in a loss A. Meyer, Vice Chairperson; the Honorable nue for the trust beneficiaries and the poten­ in population, unemployment, and a move­ Representative Daniel P. Fogarty, Ranking tial for future development of those lands to ment of persons from rural communities to Member; the Honorable Representative Bill generate any significant revenues is, at best, urban areas, and are accompanied by added Bernau; the Honorable Representative remote; "Whereas Utah continues to have critical costs to communities for creation of new Clifford Branstad; the Honorable Representa­ funding needs for its ever-expanding student public facilities and services; and tive Barry Brauns; the Honorable Represent­ population in public and higher education; "Whereas, one major cause of this condi­ ative Dwight Dinkla; the Honorable Rep­ "Whereas the scattering of trust lands tion has been recurrent shortages of funds in resentative John Greig; the Honorable Rep­ throughout the state has, in many instances, private channels and the cost of borrowing resentative Sandra H. Greiner; the Honor­ hindered the state in fulfilling its fiduciary money by beginning farmers assuming a able Representative James Hahn; the Honor­ responsibilities to the beneficiaries; large debt in order to Capitalize agricultural able Representative Mark Henderson; the "Whereas the inholdings issue has been a operations. which have made the sale and Honorable Representative Hubert Houser; problem the state has struggled with for purchase of agricultural land to beginning the Honorable Representative Ralph many years and efforts to overcome this farmers a virtual impossibility in many Klemme; the Honorable Representative Deo problem in the past have, in large part, met parts of this state; and Koenigs; the Honorable Representative Den­ with little or no success; "Whereas, studies conducted by Iowa State nis May; the Honorable Representative Dolo­ "Whereas during the 2nd Session of the University indicate that only 5 percent of res M.e Mertz; the Honorable Representative 102nd Congress the Utah Congressional dele­ Iowa farmers are under age 30, that the aver­ Norman Mundie; the Honorable Representa­ gation introduced bills in both the United age age of farmers is 53 years, and that near­ tive David Osterberg; the Honorable Rep­ States Senate and House of Representatives, ly 40 percent of farmers are 55 years old or resentative Richard Vande Hoef; the Honor­ collectively titled the "Utah Schools and older; and able Representative Keith Weigel; and the Lands Improvement Act of 1992". designed to " Whereas, the state of Iowa has estab­ Honorable Representative Jerry Welter: exchange approximately 200,000 acres of lished a Beginning Farmer Loan Program Now, therefore. be it school trust lands that lie within National which has been vital to the effort to attract " Resolved by the House of Representatives, Parks, Indian Reservations, and National more young people into farming by providing That the Congress of the United States enact Forest Lands for equitable federal lands or that the Iowa Agricultural Development Au­ with all possible urgency legislation perma­ interests in lands; thority, an agency of the Iowa Department nently extending the effectiveness of the ex­ "Whereas the Act was written in close co­ of Agriculture and Land Stewardship, may emption from federal taxation of the small operation with the appropriate federal agen­ assist in cooperating with lending institu­ issue private activity bonds used to support cies and had the full support of the U.S. For­ tions to provide financing to beginning farm­ loans made to beginning farmers under est Service, the Bureau of Land Manage­ ers for the acquisition of agricultural land, Iowa's Beginning Farmer Loan Program; and ment, the National Park Service. and the Of­ improvements, and agricultural property; be it further fice of Management and Budget as well as and " Resolved, That copies of this resolution be those affected in Utah at the state and local "Whereas, since the establishment of the submitted by the Chief Clerk of the House to level, and represented a major effort on the program, the number of loans by the Iowa the Honorable Terry E. Branstad, Governor; part of all concerned interests to move for­ Agricultural Development Authority has the Honorable Dale M. Cochran, Secretary of ward with positive action; steadily increased from seven loans in 1981 to Agriculture; and Mr. William Greiner, Exec­ "Whereas during the 2nd Session. the a record 287 loans in 1991; and utive Director of the Iowa Agricultural De­ House of Representatives passed, HR 5118, "Whereas, since 1981, the Authority has velopment Authority; and be it further and the Senate subsequently passed an made 1,385 loans on approximately 120,000 Resolved, That copies of this resolution be amended version; and submitted by the Chief Clerk of the House to "Whereas just prior to final approval of the acres of land, and other agricultural projects amounting to $120,073,028 in loans with no ob­ the Honorable William J. Clinton, President amended changes in the legislation the Con­ of the United States; the Honorable Albert gress adjourned sine die, thereby precluding ligation by the state or federal government to guarantee payment of the loans in case of Gore, Jr., President of the United States final action on the Act: Now, therefore, be it Senate; the Honorable Thomas S. Foley, "Resolved, That the Legislature of the default; and " Whereas, the Beginning Farmer Loan Speaker of the United States House of Rep­ State of Utah, the Governor concurring resentatives; the Honorable Senator George therein, memorialize Congress to give its Program is supported by small issue private final approval through legislative action to activity bonds (" Aggie Bonds") which are ex­ J. Mitchell, Senate Majority Leader; the the provisions embodied in the " Utah Fed­ empt from federal income tax; and Honorable Senator Robert Dole, Senate Mi­ eral Lands Exchange Act of 1992" during the "Whereas, the United States Congress has nority Leader; the Honorable Congressman 1st Session of the 103rd Congress to provide expressed support for the Iowa Beginning Richard A. Gephardt, House Majority Lead­ for the exchanges anticipated in the Act: Be Farmer Loan Program by continually ex­ er; the Honorable Congressman Robert H. it further tending the expiration of the federal tax ex­ Michel. House Republican Leader; the Honor­ "Resolved, That copies of this resolution be emption vital to the future of the program; able Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan, sent to the U.S. Department of the Interior, and Chairman, Senate Finance Committee; the to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, to "Whereas, legislation enacted in 1992 by Honorable Congressman Dan Rostenkowski, Utah's Congressional delegation, to the lead­ the Congress of the United States which in­ Chairman, House of Representatives Com­ ership of the United States Senate and the cluded provisions extending the effectiveness mittee on Ways and Means; and Iowa's con­ United States House of Representatives, and of the exemption was vetoed because of unre- gressional delegation.'' to the President of the United States." · 1ated provisions contained in the legislation; and POM-82. A concurrent resolution adopted POM-80. A resolution adopted by the Mu­ "Whereas, since July 1. 1992, the Iowa Agri­ by the Legislation of the State of Utah; to nicipal Assembly of the City of Mayaguez, cultural Development Authority has been the Committee on Finance. Puerto Rico relative to Section 936 of the prohibited from closing 138 new loan applica­ H.J.R. No. 5 Federal Internal Revenue Code; to the Com­ tions for beginning farmers totaling "Whereas section 1014(b)(6) of the Internal mittee on Finance. $16,645,346, desperately needed in order to Revenue Code provides a tax benefit for citi­ POM-81. A resolution adopted by the Leg­ continue this successful program vital to en­ zens of community property states that com­ islature of the State of Iowa; to the Commit­ sure the transition to a new generation of mon law states do not receive; tee on Finance. farmers; and "Whereas in community property states, HOUSE RESOLUTION NO. 5 "Whereas, in order to support the program the tax basis on property received from a de­ "Whereas, the production of agricultural as a dependable source of low-income financ­ cedent is determined by applying a stepped­ commodities is the foundation of this state's ing for beginning farmers it is essential to up basis to the entire community interest; May 21, 1993 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 10775 "Whereas in common law states, the tax Mr. DANFORTH, Mr. WELLSTONE, legislation I am proposing allows for basis is determined by applying the stepped­ Mr. SARBANES, Mrs. MURRAY, intergenerational mentoring programs basis only to the portion of the property ac­ Mr. DORGAN, Mr. CONRAD, Mr. to be funded under chapter 2 of the act, tually received; "Whereas this inequity between commu­ RIEGLE, Mr. INOUYE, Mr. REID, "Federal, State, and Local Partnership nity property and common law states can be Mr. LEAHY, Mr. FEINGOLD, Mr. for Educational Improvement." This removed by amending Section 1014(b)(6) to GLENN, Mr. DURENBERGER, Mr. legislation is designed to complement extend the tax benefit currently enjoyed by KRUEGER, Ms. MOSELEY-BRAUN, all other senior service programs. It is community property states to common law Mr. PELL, and Mrs. FEINSTEIN): my hope that this legislation will be states; and S. 1007. A bill to recreate the com­ incorporated into the ESEA reauthor­ "Whereas any tax benefit as significant mon good by supporting programs that ization package which will be consid­ and basic as that derived from the treatment of the property of decedents should be equal­ enable adults to share their experience ered by the Labor and Human Re­ ly applied to all Americans regardless of and skills with elementary and second­ sources Committee during the 103d where they live: Now, therefore, ary school age children; to the Com­ Congress. Be it " Resolved, That the Legislature of the mittee on Labor and Human Resources. In addition, the National Mentor state of Utah urge the United States Con­ NATIONAL MENTOR CORPS ACT OF 1993 Corps Act of 1993 directs the Secretary gress to amend Section 1014(b)(6) of the In­ Mr. PRYOR. Mr. President, today is of Education to develop a National Re­ ternal Revenue Code to provide that the cur­ an important day for me. I am intro­ source Center for Intergenerational rent determination of tax basis on the prop­ erty of decedents that is applied in commu­ ducing legislation to establish the Na­ Mentoring to serve as a central source nity property states be extended to common tional Mentor Corps. It's the day we of information and assistance on law states to ensure tax equity for all Ameri­ ask Congress to make age-to-age intergenerational mentoring. This pro­ cans: Be it further mentoring a national priority. It's the vision, however, will be handled sepa­ " Resolved, That copies of this resolution be day we remember, as a country, that rately from the changes proposed for sent to the majority and minority ieadership no one makes it all alone. the ESEA and is not a request for a of both houses of the United States Congress Growing up has al ways been hard. separate authorization. and Utah's congressional delegation." Growing up in America today is espe­ There are some excellent mentoring POM-83. A resolution adopted by the Leg­ cially hard. Today's children are less programs already scattered throughout islature of Rockland County, NY, relative to likely to finish high school, and more the country. Mr. President, I ask unan­ Northeast Ireland; to the Committee on For­ likely to get pregnant, die violently, or imous consent that this information eign Relations. be arrested for violent crimes. about several mentoring groups be POM- 84. A resolution adopted by the Mu­ A recent report says 45 percent of printed in the RECORD following my re­ nicipal Council of_the City of Plainfield, NJ, children born into new families are at marks. We cannot improve on these relative to Bosnia-Herzegovina; to the Com­ risk: That means the mother has not mittee on Foreign Relations. programs and others out there. We can, finished high school, is not married, or however, provide the Federal infra­ is a teenager. Simply put, Mr. Presi­ structure that will allow this blossom­ INTRODUCTION OF BILLS AND dent, America's children need our help. ing mentoring movement to flourish. JOINT RESOLUTIONS That's why I'm here to talk about a The National Mentor Corps Act of 1993 The following bills and joint resolu­ new way to help. Intergenerational will allow established programs to ex­ men to ring is the helping hand the pand and become a permanent part of tions were introduced, read the first older generation extends to the young­ and second time by unanimous con­ the American educational landscape. er generation to guide children into I am pleased to say that the National sent, and referred as indicated: maturity. Our young people simply By Mr. PRYOR (for himself, Mr. LEVIN, Mentor Corps Act of 1993 has the sup­ aren't getting enough day-to-day guid­ port of AARP, Families USA, Genera­ Mr. DOLE , Mr. WOFFORD , Mr. COHEN, ance and caring from us. Mr. ROCKEFELLER, Mr. DANFORTH, Mr. Today's working parents are over­ tions United, the National Caucus and WELLSTONE, Mr. SARBANES, Mrs. whelmed by too little time and too Center on Black Aged, the National As­ MURRAY , Mr. DORGAN, Mr. CONRAD, sociation of Foster Grandparents pro­ Mr. RIEGLE, Mr. INOUYE , Mr. REID, many responsibilities. Grandparents don't live down the block, they live in gram directors, the National Associa­ Mr. LEAHY, Mr. FEINGOLD , Mr. GLENN , tion of Retired Senior Volunteer Pro­ Mr. DURENBERGER, Mr. KRUEGER, Ms. different States. At schools, staffs are MOSELEY-BRAUN, Mr. PELL, and Mrs. being cut back and teachers are too gram directors, family friends, the Na­ FEINSTEIN ): busy to provide one-on-one attention. tional Council on the Aging, the Na­ S. 1007. A bill to recreate the common good Standing over a fryer at McDonald's ti,mal Association of Elementary by supporting programs that enable adults has replaced job apprenticeships. School Principals, the American Asso­ to share their experience and skills with ele­ The answer is quite simple and natu­ ciation of School Administrators, and mentary and secondary school age children; the Children's Defense Fund. to the Committee on Labor and Human Re­ ral. Our aging population is the fastest­ growing group in America today. Older I am especially pleased to be joined sources. today in introducing the National Men­ By Mr. BAUCUS (for himself and Mr. people want to stay active and in­ CHAFEE): volved. Statistics say that 13 million tor Corps Act by several of our distin­ S. 1008. A bill to conduct a comprehensive Americans over age 60 are already vol­ guished colleagues: Senator LEVIN, who assessment of the Nation's biological re­ unteers and that 14 million more are was an early advocate of sources; to the Committee on Environment willing and able to volunteer. So often intergenerational mentoring, as well as and Public Works. we talk only about the special needs of Senator DOLE, Senator DANFORTH, Sen­ older Americans. We sometimes forget ator WOFFORD, Senator ROCKEFELLER, SUBMISSION OF CONCURRENT AND the many good things that older Amer­ Senator SARBANES, Senator MURRAY, SENATE RESOLUTIONS icans have to offer. Senator DORGAN, Senator CONRAD, Sen­ ator INOUYE, Senator REID, Senator The following concurrent resolutions For all these reasons, Mr. President, I am introducing the National Mentor LEAHY, Senator FEINGOLD, Senator and Senate resolutions were read, and GLENN, Senator KRUEGER, Senator referred (or acted upon), as indicated: Corps Act of 1993--a public-private partnership that will provide a mentor­ WELLSTONE , Senator DURENBERGER, By Mr. MITCHELL (for himself Senator PELL, Senator MOSELEY­ and Mr. DOLE): rich environment in our public school S. Res. 111 . A resolution to authorize the system from kindergarten through BRAUN, and Senator FEINSTEIN. Senate Ethics Study Commission; considered high school. The National Mentor Mr. President, I urge my colleagues and agreed to Corps would place trained mature to support the National Mentor Corps adults into the public schools, match­ Act of 1993. I strongly believe that this legislation will provide the foundation STATEMENTS ON INTRODUCED ing the needs of the young with the tal­ ents of seniors. for America's entry into the 21st cen­ BILLS AND JOINT RESOLUTIONS The National Mentor Corps needs no tury. By Mr. PRYOR (for himself, Mr. new funds. This year the Elementary There being no objection, the mate­ LEVIN, Mr. DOLE , Mr. WOFFORD, and Secondary Education Act [ESEA] rial mentioned earlier was ordered to Mr. COHEN' Mr. ROCKEFELLER, is scheduled for reauthorization. The be printed in the RECORD, as follows: 10776 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE May 21, 1993 BOSTON PARTNERS IN EDUCATION, INC., DOVES assist with: Carpentry, Typing, diverse population from within and outside Boston, MA. Field Trips, Library, Music, Swimming, Gar­ the community in which they are mentoring. Boston Partners in Education (BPE) is a dening, Enrichment, Playground, Public They bring a variety of skills that reflect nonprofit multicultural agency dedicated to Speaking, Dancing, Cooking, Science, Home­ backgrounds as varied as homemakers with supporting the academic growth and social work, Displays, Special Events, Math, Sew­ no for-pay work experience to retired blue development of public school children. Link­ ing, Arts, Crafts, Sports, Tutoring, Reading collar workers, university professors, and ing a wide variety of community resources Stories, Nursing Assistance, Career Guid­ business executives. to schools, BPE provides programs and serv­ ance, Vocational and Technical Skills. The volunteers report a high degree of sat­ ices to teachers, students, administrators, isfaction as they recognize student progress, and parents. INTERGENERATIONAL MENTOR PROGRAMS CON­ develop meaningful friendships with stu­ BPE plays an active role on the board of DUCTED BY GENERATIONS TOGETHER, AN dents, and utilize their professional and life the National Association of Partners in Edu­ INTERGENERATIONAL STUDIES PROGRAM, skills. These volunteers feel as though they cation, was a founder of the Massachusetts UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH are making a valuable contribution to the Association of Partners in Education, and Generations Together, an Inter- education of children and youth, the future provides leadership in national and inter­ generational Studies Program of the Univer­ workers and decision makers of our society. national educational initiatives. sity of Pittsburgh's Center of Social and Enabled by a grant from the Edna McCon­ Urban Research, has a 14 year history of [Gulf Coast Jewish Family & Mental Health nell Clark Foundation, BPE pioneered in intergenerational program development and Services, Inc., Clearwater, FL] intergenerational programming over 15 years study. Generations Together fosters a vari­ ago. INTERGENERATIONAL PROGRAMMING Today, older adults are involved in BPE's ety of program models that bring the young and old together in experiences that promote (Michael Bornstein, President and CEO) services to Boston Public schoolchildren as: Gulf Coast Jewish Family and .Mental Special math/science mentors in initia­ understanding and support the growth and learning of both generations. Health Services, Inc. (GCJFMHS) is a non­ tives funded by the National Science Foun­ profit, non-sectarian human services agency dation and the U.S. Department of Edu­ Since 1985 , Generations Together has con­ ducted a range of intergenerational mentor serving the West Central region of Florida, cation; including the Tampa, Clearwater and St. Pe­ "Listener mentors"-specially trained to · programs in pre-school, elementary school, secondary school and university settings in tersburg communities. Established in 1960, work with academically and socially at-risk the agency offers a wide array of innovative children in the primary grades; Pittsburgh and western Allegheny County. Guest " readers aloud" in preschools, kin­ These models and their main goals are as fol­ and cost-effective programs designed to help dergartens and grade schools; lows: children, adults, seniors and families with Tutors in all academic subjects, math, Pre-school mentor programs are designed serious emotional, physical, personal and fi­ science, language arts, social studies, his­ to provide support for families recruited nancial needs. . tory, and foreign languages; and from local Head Start programs. Older vol­ GCJFMHS provides three intergenera­ " Oral historians" in specially designed unteers visit the families in their homes tional mentoring programs, offering at-risk workshop series in which youngsters and el­ once a week to perform literacy-related ac­ children the support of an older volunteer derly persons examine their own and others' tivities with the children. The mentors also through one-to-one matching. Ongoing out­ proud cultural traditions. help the parents understand the importance come evaluation measures program effec­ Each year, dozens of such Intergen­ of family literacy to their children's edu­ tiveness through pre and post-testing using a erational Exchanges" are coordinated by cation. variety of standardized self-esteem and be­ Boston Partners in Education's Inter­ Elementary school mentor programs aim havioral measures as well as informal meas­ generational Director, Eleanor Swartz. to reduce the probability of drug use by im­ ures such as school attendance and grades. proving basic academic skills and promoting 1. Adopt-a-Grandchild program was initi­ [Los Angeles Unified School District, May 18, the development of social skills and en­ ated in 1980 through local funding provided 1993] hanced self-esteem. Each student is paired by the Juvenile Welfare Board of Pinellas DOVES-DEDICATED OLDER VOLUNTEERS IN with an older volunteer for one-on-one tutor­ County, a local taxing district for children's EDUCATIONAL SERVICES ing, and participates in group activities services. Children matched are typically What: D.O.V.E.S. is a special project of the which provide cultural enrichment and fos­ from low income, single parent families and Los Angeles Unified School District School ter positive peer interaction. range in age from infancy to 16. The children Volunteer Programs Section. Its purpose is High school mentor programs are designed very often have behavioral problems, poor to recruit, train and place senior citizen vol­ to improve student academic performance, school performance and low self-esteem. unteers in district schools. provide career exposure, and promote social When a match is made, the senior volun­ The project is funded by the District and skill development. Mentors work with stu­ teer participates in an orientation program. the Friends of the School Volunteers Pro­ dents across the spectrum, including at-risk the volunteer as well as the child are made gram of Los Angeles. It is an outgrowth of and high achieving students, minority stu­ aware of program goals and expectations. the Grandparents Program pioneered in 1971. dents involved in programs emphasizing The senior volunteer and child typically Who: The program provides the schools science and math, and students with a spe­ spend a few hours each week engaged in a with carefully selected and trained senior cial interest in the arts. range of assorted activities, usually social in citizens to supplement the work of classroom University mentor programs provide aca­ nature. The program's supervisor makes reg­ teachers. demic support, career guidance, and social ular contact with the volunteer and child to Why: D.O.V.E.S. is designed to meet the support to university students. The roles of assure that the match is going well. need of our older citizens to be valued as the mentors at the University of Pittsburgh are 2. Project Growing Together matches sen­ asset they are. Additionally, the program diverse: they tutor, read student theses and ior volunteers with children ages three meets the needs of our students for individ­ dissertations, coach oral presentations, serve through 11 who are under the supervision of ual attention and gives them the oppor­ as guest lecturers, coordinate professional state protective services, in shelter care or tunity to interact with the older generation. seminars, assist in laboratories, conduct in foster care. Funded by the State of Flor­ How: The program develops cooperative re­ practice interviews, help to develop job ida beginning in 1989, the program focuses on lationships with: placements, and enhance language pro­ establishing a non-threatening relationship The Schools: By establishing the needs of ficiency of international students. In a spe­ between the generations which will help alle­ individual schools and students and planning cial University program with the School of viate some of the stress of separation and with the principal or volunteer coordinator Engineering, retired engineers enrich the placement felt by the children. Senior volun­ for the training and orientation of adult vol­ curriculum by preparing case-studies drawn teers typically spend two to four hours a unteers. from engineering practice and coach stu­ week of quality time with their children pro­ The Community: By seeking recruits dents in problem-solving curricular activi­ viding a positive, stable influence in their among retirees and pre-retirees from busi­ ties. lives. ness, industry, labor and the professions. A An estimated 200 older adult mentors have 3. Linking Lifetimes matches senior men­ special effort is made to contact religious in­ worked with approximately 1000 children and tors with middle school referred children stitutions, senior citizen centers and recre­ youth in the Generations Together who have been identified as being at-risk of ation centers. mentoring programs since 1985. delinquency, truancy or dropping out of The Media: By working with newspapers, Children, youth, and young adults who school. Like Gulf Coast's other radio, television and special interest publica­ work with these mentors evidence measur­ intergenerational programs, senior volun­ tions in publicizing the human interest sto­ able change in their academic performance, teers are encouraged to develop personal re­ ries to be found in the successful matching of motivation to learn, realization of academic lationships with their children and partici­ volunteer skills with student and school goals, and their self esteem. Older adults pate in a variety of informal activities. This needs. · who mentor in these programs represent a program was initiated in 1989 as one of 10 na- May 21, 1993 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 10777 tionwide projects funded by the Mott Foun­ MENTORS INC. F ACTSHEET minutes. In a recent national study, one mil­ dation and coordinated by Temple Univer­ INTRODUCTION lion children-29% of those entering the first sity. A role model, advisor and friend is a cru­ year of high school dropout of school before cial motivator in the life of a young person. graduation. One out of five Americans age 16 INTERAGES Our goal is to provide a mentor to each Dis­ or older is functionally illiterate. [Montgomery County Intergenerational The Program: The New York State trict of Columbia public high school student Mentoring Program, founded and chaired by Resources Center, Kensington, MD] who has the potential and the will to grad­ Matilda R. Cuomo in 1987, is a school-based, INTERGENERATIONAL BRIDGES PROJECT uate from high school and form concrete state-wide, effective early-intervention pro­ SUMMARY plans for either college, vocational school or the military. gram to help children in grades K-8 improve The Intergenerational Bridges Project, Mentors are matched with students on a their self-esteem, broaden their vision of op­ sponsored by Interages, a non-profit organi­ one-to-one basis, and they provide practical portunities and apply themselves in school. zation in Montgomery County, Maryland, advice, guidance and encouragement from The NYSMP matches caring adult volunteers has recruited, trained and placed 51 senior the sophomore year through graduation. The on a one-to-one basis with a mentee. adult volunteer mentors with 60 proteges at mentors are volunteers 21 or older who are Mentoring is a one-to-one relationship be­ two schools in East Silver Spring, MD. dur­ stable in their professional and personal tween a volunteer adult role model and a ing the past three years. These youths, rang­ lives. child. This unique relationship provides sup­ ir.g in age from 10 to 14 years, come from a In 1987, the first year of Mentors Inc., one port and encouragement and can help a child growing community of disadvantaged immi­ hundred students participated in the pro­ develop the academic and social skills nec­ grant populations. With the lowest median gram. That number has grown steadily each essary to succeed in the workplace of the income in the county, the community suffers year, and in 1992-93 there are 500 mentor-stu­ 21st century. Leon Martel, Sr. V.P. of the from a heavy concentration of drug and dent pairs. The program operates in every Conference Board, recently observed that other criminal activity. This environment comprehensive high school in D.C. many U.S. companies have made education a places young, recently arrived immigrant Mentors Inc. is supported by the D.C. Pub­ top priority of their volunteer efforts be­ children, often illiterate in their native lan­ lic Schools and by grants and gifts from cor­ cause of its obvious relationship to improv­ guage, unable to speak English, and from porations, foundations, universities, and in­ ing the nation's workforce. (Education Week, families under extreme stress, at high risk of dividuals. Through funding, individual men­ April 28, 1993.) failing in school, dropping out and becoming tor participation and special projects, this Working cooperatively with teachers, cor­ vulnerable to the drug culture. program merges the assets of the academic porations, parents, and children the NYSMP The mentors, a highly skilled and ener­ community, business community, and the links the school, the home and the commu­ getic group of seniors (over age 55), have de­ D.C. Public Schools. nity together to strengthen programs for voted over 2100 hours of their time during children. "Millions of America's children are the past year alone to serving their proteges WHAT MENTORS DO in trouble. To succeed in school and in life, for one hour each week offering guidance, Help students identify specific short and they need one-on-one adult support and guid­ moral support and assistance in building long-term goals; ance. Providing that support is a job not academic and social skills, while at the same Work with students to set and keep a only for schools, but for the entire commu­ time helping them to improve their English schedule for school and work activities; nity. The New York State Mentoring Pro­ and communication skills. In addition, men­ Help students develop study and test-tak­ gram is making it happen." Keith Geiger, tors accompany their youths on several field ing skills; President, National Education Association. trips each year to destinations such as the Strengthen students' business communica­ In the spring of 1993, there were over 2,000 Smithsonian Museums and the Kennedy Cen­ tion and job skills; children in 152 school-based programs in 33 of ter. The opportunity for young proteges to Assist students while they make post-high New York's counties who had mentors re­ benefit from a field trip when each has a per­ school plans; cruited and trained by the New York State sonal adult companion can not be over­ Visit students at school; have students Mentoring Program. In New York City there stated. visit work sites; were nearly 600 children matched with indi­ In addition to the project's planned activi­ Open academic and career opportunities vidual mentors. ties, which also include an international din­ for students; and The New York State Mentoring Program is ner for families of proteges, giving them an Participate in culture, recreation and en­ based on public/private partnerships and part opportunity to learn about the program and tertainment. of Governor Cuomo's innovative Decade of meet their child's new friend, many mentors WHO THE STUDENTS ARE the Child initiative. Groups of mentors from spend individual time with their proteges Any student attending one of the 12 com­ 119 organizations become partners with during vacations and on week-ends. Mentors prehensive D.C. public high schools may sign NYSMP. Partners include 48 corporations, 71 have treated their proteges to birthday up with Mentors Inc. state, city and federal government entities, lunches at a special restaurant at the mall, Students in the Mentor Program run the professional and community organizations, to a walk through Brookside Gardens-even academic spectrum, from high academic colleges and secondary schools. Richard A. to a visit of a joint session of Congress, fol­ achievers to those who need extra help to Jalkut, CEO, NY Telephone states that, lowed by pizza at Union Station! finish school. "New York Telephone is proud of the its as­ While a quantitative analysis of changes in Students must be in regular attendance at sociation with the New York State student achievement and/or behavior re­ school. We prefer that students have at least Mentoring Program. By providing young mains elusive, the continued overwhelm­ a C- grade point average. people with role models, encouraging them ingly positive response to Bridges from Mentors Inc. also provides: College schol­ to stay in school, and by stressing the impor­ teachers and administrative staff, from arships, individual college counseling, cam­ tance of education, New York State school officials, from county agencies, from pus visits and college fairs, SAT preparation Mentoring is making an invaluable invest­ other groups attempting similar projects, classes, free dental care, summer job place­ ment in New York's children-the future of and from participants themselves, leads us ment, academic tutoring, student emergency our state." to conclude that this project is making a dif­ fund, career counseling, and free psycho­ The NYSMP has received widespread sup­ ference in the lives of children who have few therapy. port from business, schools and the commu­ opportunities to interact on a one to one nity. The Ford Foundation has given basis with American born (or fully accultur­ NEW YORK STATE DECADE OF THE CHILD NYSMP a grant for the design and imple­ ated foreign born) adults in a non-threaten­ MENTORING PROGRAM mentation of an effective method of program ing environment. An unanticipated positive Introduction: "If every 'at-risk' student evaluation. Other states, including Colorado outcome of the project has been the edu­ had an in-school mentor who really cared, and New Jersey, have expressed interest in cation of the mentors and accompanying in­ that one act could cut the dropout rate in establishing mentoring programs modeled creased sensitivity to the issues of growing half."-Dr. Ernest Boyer, President, Carne­ after the NYSMP as well as Milan, Italy. education gaps and poverty experienced by gie Foundation for the Advancement of the newest members of our community. Teaching. THE NEW YORK CITY SCHOOL VOLUNTEER The Intergenerational Bridges Project has Studies show that the presence of a strong PROGRAM, INC. (SVP) been featured in Modern Maturity, USA adult role model has an extremely positive Mission: To help New York City public Today, and was awarded the "Highest influence on a child's development. In the school students gain the educational skills Achievement Award" by the Montgomery 1950's, 11 % of all children went home to an and self-esteem they need to become success­ Count Community Partnership and the Vol­ empty house. Today, 65% of our children find ful learners and productive community unteer Center in 1992. In addition, Interages empty homes when they return from school. members, by providing them with individual­ has been invited to present Bridges at three The average daily time spent in one-to-one ized instructional support from a corps of national conferences. interaction between parent and child is 15 well trained volunteers. 10778 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE May 21, 1993 History: Founded in 1956 as the first School in its specific focus on building reading Across Ages- Across Ages, a five-year Volunteer Program in the country. Catalyst skills of 5-9 year old children, its specially intergenerational drug prevention project for the National School Volunteer Program/ designed curriculum and training program funded by the Center for Substance Abuse National Association of Partners in Edu­ for tutors, and its ongoing support plan for Prevention, is now in its third year. Approxi­ cation, Incorporated in 1970 as a not-for-prof­ the tutors and school staff. The program is mately 180 at-risk 6th grade students have it corporation under Section 501(c)(3). evaluated annually by principals, teachers been matched with older adults. In addition, Scope: 1991- 92. 83,713 students/586 schools/ and tutors, and the responses are overwhelm­ students are involved in community service 6,945 volunteers/508,548 hours/$25 cost per stu­ ingly positive. activities and participate in a life skills pro­ dent. The OASIS Intergenerational Tutoring gram to enhance their problem solving skills Programs: Core Programs-Trained volun­ Program began as a pilot in St. Louis and and promote social competence. Parent teers tutor students in elementary or junior Denver in 1989 and as of May 1993 operates in workshops are also part of the overall pro­ high school for a minimum of two hours a 12 cities: Akron, Denver, Escondido, Hyatts­ gram design. Across Ages is based in three week at a school near their home or work. ville, MD , Indianapolis, Los Angeles, Phoe­ Philadelphia middle schools in Philadelphia. Subject include math, reading, writing and nix, Portland, Rochester, NY, St. Louis, San Across Ages mentors are involved in English as a second language. Diego and Tucson. The program will begin in school-based programs as well as activities Project Home Stretch: Empowering Teens Cleveland and San Antonio in the 1993-94 after school and during the summer. at Risk to Finish High School- Trained vol­ school year. Over 1400 tutors currently work Through ongoing training, mentors learn unteers work with at-risk students in day­ with more than 2,200 children in 26 school strategies for promoting social competence time and evening high school programs. Vol­ distri<::ts across the United States. and enhancing youth's ability to resist alco­ unteers help students master the high school hol and drugs. Early evaluation results indi­ curriculum, provide role models from the TEMPLE UNIVERSITY 'S CENTER FOR cate that students who have mentors show professional world of work and assist with INTERGENERATIONAL LEARNING significant positive changes in their self-es­ college decision-making and financial aid ap­ Temple University's Center for teem, feelings of well-being, and attitudes plications. Intergenerational Learning sponsors three toward school and older people. Improve­ Authors Read Aloud-Children's authors intergenerational mentoring programs: (1) ment in school attendance and a reduction in introduce elementary school students to the Linking Lifetimes, a national multi-site re­ negative behavior are also indicated. creative writing process and increase their search and demonstration initiative which SCANTAP (Substance and Child Abuse enjoyment of reading through repeated class­ targets at-risk middle school students and Networking, Treatment and Prevention) is a room visits. young offenders; (2) Across Ages, a 5 year comprehensive prevention and intervention Cultural Resources-Trained volunteers in­ school-based intergenerational drug preven­ program for substance abusers and their troduce elementary school students to our tion program; and (3) SCANTAP, a collabo­ families. As one component of the program, city's major museums and provide pre­ rative effort between the Center and SCAN elder mentors offer a wide range of assist­ paratory and follow-up experiences in the (Supportive Child Adult Network) which fo­ ance to substance abusing families in many classroom for each museum visit. cuses on supporting drug-involved families. areas including social and emotional sup­ Literary Leaders-Trained volunteers dis­ All of these programs recruit and train older port, information sharing and advocacy, edu­ cuss works of literature with small groups of adults focuses on supporting drug-involved cation encouragement, career development, students ready for additional challenges. families. All of these programs recruit and cultural and recreational activity, and Children learn to read critically, think inde­ train older adults (55+) to serve as mentors. parenting skills. Mentors work with these pendently and express themselves clearly. The mentors are integrated into comprehen­ families on short and long term goals that Training: For tutoring elementary-age stu­ sive school and/or agency-based interven­ augment identified case management plans. dents; 10 hours spread over four classes held tions in order to maximize the impact on Mentor assistance includes making home youth. during the day. For tutoring high school stu­ Linking Lifetime-Created in 1980, Linking visits with with the case management team, dents: 8 hours spread over three classes held Lifetimes is currently operating in schools, modeling appropriate parenting skills, serv­ during the day or evening. Held at the SVP, juvenile justice programs, and youth service ing on the multi-disciplinary team of their 443 Park Avenue South (30-31 St.), NYC. agencies in the following cities: Memphis, family, and providing respite for families on Place and Time of Tutoring: At a school TN; St. Petersburg, FL; Miami, FL; Los An­ a limited scale. site located near home or work; during the geles, CA; Detroit, MI; Portland, OR; Wash­ In addition to these model inter­ day (all ages) or in the evening or on week­ ington, DC; Springfield, MA; and Syracuse, generational mentoring initiatives, the Cen­ ends (high school-age). A minimum of two NY. It has been funded by the Florence V. ter received funding from the Retirement hours per week is required. Burden, Edna McConnell Clark, H.W. Dur­ Research Foundation and the Administra­ ham, Ittleson, and Charles Stewart Mott tion on Aging to provide technical assistance THE OASIS INSTITUTE Foundations, the Exxon Corporation, and a to the National Urban League and Boys and Established in St. Louis in 1982, OASIS re­ variety of local foundations. Over the past 3 Girls Clubs of America to help their local af­ ceived initial support from the United States years, 479 relationships were formed through filiates integrate intergenerational Department of Health and Human Services' this program. Mentors are culturally diverse mentoring and community service into their Administration on Aging. Since then, the or­ and have varied educational and socio-eco­ overall programs. ganization has grown rapidly- both in num­ nomic backgrounds. At each site, mentors bers of centers and in its national member­ are required to meet with youth at least 2 T-LC MENTORS (TEACHING-LEARNING ship. Today, serving more than 175,000 mem­ hours/week for a minimum of a year. An 8--10 COMMUNITIES) bers in 22 cities, OASIS is widely recognized hour mentor pre-service training and month­ In Ann Arbor, Michigan, older adults have as a successful model for productive aging ly in-service meeting are key elements of the served as volunteer mentors to children and and is supported by a consortium of public program. Mentors help youth set specific youths at risk of school dropout since 1971. and private sponsors. OASIS receives major goals that guide them through school, work, The intergenerational mentoring activity national support from The May Department and life decisions. occurs during the school day in classrooms Stores Company and local support from cor­ A study by Public Private Ventures and an as enrichment to the educational curricu­ porations, hospitals, service agencies. uni­ evaluation by Lodestar Management/Re­ lum. After school initiatives include tutor­ versities and cultural organizations. search and the Academy for Educational De­ ing, gardening and the arts that serve as mo­ One of OASIS' most far-reaching volunteer velopment/National Institute for Work and tivating forces with children and youths to opportunities is the Intergenerational Tutor­ Learning have yielded valuable information make healthy life choices now and for the fu­ ing Program. The program addresses the about effective program practices, the na­ ture. problem of illiteracy with an approach de­ ture of the mentoring relationship, and the Mentors work cooperatively with school signed to build children's self-esteem and impact of mentoring on youth and older staff and parents to increase self esteem, positive attitudes toward learning while adults. An intensive follow-up study indi­ school attendance and achievement. Efforts strengthening reading skills. Working with cates that 80% of the youth improved their are made to link middle school and high elementary schools, OASIS matches trained personal and behavioral skills as a result of school youths who have economic need to ap­ older adult volunteers with young children having had a mentor. Over 75% of the youth propriate employment. The mentoring proc­ who are having difficulty learning to read. interviewed said they could "stick with ess assists the youth in work skill mastery The volunteers work one-on-one with the school better" because they had a mentor; and in connecting the job effort with further children each week throughout the school 94% expressed a gain in self-confidence. A learning. year as their tutors, mentors and friends. comprehensive program development man­ This low-cost but powerful prevention ini­ The program has proven to be beneficial to ual, a recruitment video, and a mentor train­ tiative benefits the children and youths, both the students and the tutors, strengthen­ ing video and Facilitator's Guide are avail­ their families, the older mentors, and the ing ties between generations in our country. able from the Center for Intergenerational whole community. Twenty schools continue OASIS Intergenerational Tutoring is unique Learning. to be served in Ann Arbor. Adaptations of May 21, 1993 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 10779 the T-LC Mentors model have been made in of poverty, of greed and avarice, of in­ I believe that better, more complete all fifty states. difference, of closed businesses, of information is needed concerning the Mr. COHEN. Mr. President, I am moral bankruptcy. It releases the poi­ status and distribution of the Nation's pleased today to join several of my col­ sonous vapors of racial hatred, of hope­ biological resources. I share Secretary leagues in introducing legislation that lessness and despair, of drug-fueled vio­ Babbitt's view that this type of infor­ will address both the underutilization lence, ·and of environmental degrada­ mation will help prevent economic and of one of this country's most valuable tion. It is an enemy that makes every­ environmental train wrecks, such as resources-senior citizens-and the one blameworthy and no one respon­ the Pacific Northwest forest crisis. And need of students for adult role models sible. I am convinced President Clinton is in the schools. It is the enemy within us-the voice correct. Better information about our The National Mentor Corps Act will that seeks private gain over public biological resources is essential to sus­ authorize the use of intergenerational good, that promotes special interest at tain production of timber, livestock mentoring programs under chapter 2 of the expense of the Nation's well-being. and agricultural commodities, as well the Elementary and Secondary Edu­ Today, the involvement of all citi­ as other important economic develop­ cation Act. It will not force schools to zens in restoring this Nation-in allow­ ment. establish such programs but rather ing the center to hold, as Yeats put it-­ Many important questions need to be provides the opportunity to use is absolutely necessary. We are losing answered about the best means of es­ intergenerational mentoring as a our sense of community, and we must tablishing a biological survey within means of improving the self-esteem work to restore the fabric of our Na­ the Interior Department. Secretary and scholastic achievements of our stu­ tion. Babbitt has put forth a serious, de­ dents. tailed proposal in an amendment to the Few people would disagree that our One can quickly list the problems we now face, and no doubt forget a few im­ Interior Department's budget request children could benefit from increased for fiscal year 1994. It deserves thor­ interaction with adults in their lives. portant ones. Poverty, drugs, teenage ough consideration by Congress Unfortunately, many of this country's pregnancy, health care, unemploy­ through its authorization and appro­ children do not have an adequate num­ ment, education, homelessness-these priation processes. ber of adult role models in their lives. are problems as daunting today as were Consequently, I am today, along with Through no fault of teachers, all of disease, harsh winters, lawlessness, and the distinguished ranking minority whom have dedicated their lives to mere survival to the earliest settlers. member of the Environment and Public helping children, many students can­ I am very pleased that the legislation Works Committee, Senator CHAFEE, in­ not possibly get the attention they being introduced today makes a special troducing legislation that would au­ need in crowded classrooms. effort to seek the involvement of sen­ thorize implementation of Secretary The proposal before us today will ad­ ior citizens in the mentoring program. Babbitt's proposal. My purpose in in­ dress this situation by encouraging In my work on senior volunteer pro­ troducing this bill is to facilitate the adults, particularly senior citizens, to grams, I have been inspired by the establishment of a national biological go into the public schools and provide enormous contributions made by sen­ survey, and to provide an opportunity a steadying hand to those youngsters iors to their communities because of for broad, public discussion of Sec­ who are drifting in a sea of apathy, their commitment to serving others. retary Babbitt's proposal. fear, and self-doubt. This legislation will provide the Consistent with Secretary Babbitt's Further, this legislation seeks to means to work together to resolve our proposal, therefore, the bill would re­ capitalize on the vast, untapped re­ problems, and recognizes how impor­ quire the Secretary of the Interior to source of older Americans who are tant it is to bind generations together. establish an office to survey the Na­ seeking to maintain ties to their com­ I am very pleased to be an original tion's biological resources. The office munity. cosponsor of this bill. I hope my col­ would be headed by a Director ap­ The spirit of community service is leagues will join me in supporting this pointed by the President, by and with one of the strongest threads woven simple but meaningful proposal. the advice and consent of the Senate. through the fabric of America. Whether The Director would be supervised by it was fighting a fire, raising a barn, By Mr. BAUCUS (for himself and the Assistant Secretary for Fish and teaching the young, or caring for the Mr. CHAFEE): Wildlife and Parks and must, by reason sick, our communities had to pull to­ S. 1008. A bill to conduct a com­ of scientific education and experience, gether and work for the common good prehensive assessment of the Nation's have demonstrated expertise in the bio­ to survive and prosper. biological resources; to the Committee logical sciences. Now, perhaps more than ever before, on Environment and Public Works. The purposes of the biological survey we need to return to this spirit of com­ SURVEY OF NATION'S BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES required by this legislation would be: munity and unselfish sharing. ACT OF 1993 First, to conduct a comprehensive as­ Today, we are at a crossroads. As a • Mr. BAUCUS. Mr. President, last sessment of the Nation's biological re­ nation, we are unsettled, unsure of the month President Clinton announced sources; second, to provide information future, and in need of a new dedication that he was asking the Interior Depart­ to be used in protecting and managing of purpose. We all know these are not ment "to create a national biological ecosystems; third, to provide informa­ ordinary times. Indeed, we seem to be survey to help us protect endangered tion to be used in the sustainable de­ living in that age envisioned by the species and, just as importantly, to velopment of the Nation's natural re­ poet, Yeats, who wrote that: help the agricultural and biotechnical sources; and fourth, to help avoid and Turning and turning in the widening gyre industries of our country identify new resolve conflicts arising in implemen­ The falcon cannot hear the falconer; sources of food, fiber, and medication." tation of the Endangered Species Act. Things fall apart; the centre cannot hold; To establish this survey, Secretary Mr. President, I ask unanimous con­ Mere anarchy is loosed upon the world, Babbitt has proposed an internal reor­ sent that the text of the bill be printed The blood-dimmed tide is loosed, and every- ganization within the Department of in the RECORD. where There being no objection, the bill was The ceremony of innocence is drowned; the Interior which would combine por­ ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as The best lack all conviction, while the worst tions of the scientific research activi­ follows: Are full of passionate intensity. ties of eight departmental bureaus into one new bureau-a National Biological s. 1008 Today we face an enemy that has Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Rep­ persuaded us that as a nation we have Survey. I commend Secretary Babbitt resentatives of the United States of America in lost our way, and most importantly our for his efforts "to provide the scientific Congress assembled, will to do what is necessary to prevail. knowledge America needs to balance SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. The enemy is a clever, constantly the compatible goals of ecosystem pro­ This Act may be cited as the "Biological changing chameleon. It wears the face tection and economic progress." Survey Act of 1993". 10780 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE May 21, 1993 SEC. 2. ESTABLISHMENT OF BIOLOGICAL SUR­ "Director of the Biological Survey, Depart­ terests alike in managing natural re­ VEY. ment of the Interior." • sources more effectively and avoiding Section 3 of the Fish and Wildlife Act of 1956 (16 U.S.C. 742b) is amended by adding the • Mr. CHAFEE. Mr. President, one conflicts with economic interests.• following new subsection: problem in pursuing the goal of con­ "(e) BIOLOGICAL SURVEY.- serving our natural heritage, including " (!) ESTABLISHMENT.-The Secretary of the endangered species, is that we lack an ADDITIONAL COSPONSORS Interior shall undertake a survey of the Na­ adequate inventory of our own biologi­ s. 70 tion's biological resources. cal resources. Without an adequate bio­ At the request of Mr. COCHRAN, the " (2) PURPOSES.- The purposes of the survey logical information base, it is difficult established under paragraph (1) shall be to- name of the Senator from South Da­ " (A) conduct a comprehensive baseline as­ to stem the decline of species before kota [Mr. PRESSLER] was added as a co­ sessment and document the status and they become endangered and, in turn, sponsor of S. 70, a bill to reauthorize trends of the biological resources of the avoid environmental and economic the National Writing Project, and for United States; train wrecks such as that associated other purposes. " (B) provide information to be used in pro­ with the spotted owl in the Pacific S.226 tecting and managing ecosystems, including Northwest. their plant, fish, and wildlife components; At the request of Mr. DASCHLE, the Secretary of the Interior Babbitt has name of the Sena tor from Nebraska "(C) provide information to be used in the proposed that we establish a National sustainable development of the Nation's nat­ [Mr. KERREY] was added as a cosponsor Biological Survey [NBS], to provide ural resources; and of S. 226, a bill to amend the Internal better and more complete information " (D) assist the Secretary in anticipating, Revenue Code of 1986 to provide that avoiding, or resolving conflicts arising in the regarding the status and distribution certain cash rentals of farmland will implementation of the Endangered Species of the Nation's species and the Act of 1973 and other fisheries and wildlife not cause recapture of special estate ecosystems upon which they depend. tax valuation. conservation laws. NBS would also make this data avail­ "(3) FUNCTIONS.-In carrying out the sur­ able to the scientific community and s. 289 vey established under paragraph (1), the Sec­ the public. This information will aid At the request of Mr. REID, the retary shall- names of the Senator from South Da­ "(A) assess and study biological resources, decisionmakers in planning for both including plants, fish, wildlife, and conservation and economic needs. kota [Mr. DASCHLE] and the Senator ecosystems and their components; The legislation that I am introducing from Pennsylvania [Mr. WOFFORD] were " (B) develop, test, and monitor methods of today, along with the distinguished added as cosponsors of S. 289, a bill to ecosystem management in order to improve Chairman of the Environment and Pub­ amend section 118 of the Internal Reve­ the capability of the Secretary to conserve lic Works Committee, Senator BAUCUS, nue Code of 1986 to provide for certain biological resources and diversity; would authorize the establishment of exceptions from rules for determining " (C) collect and analyze data and informa­ contributions in aid of construction, tion to determine, inventory, and monitor NBS as has been outlined by the Sec­ the distribution, abundance, health, status, retary. Consistent with Secretary and for other purposes. and trends of biological resources and Babbitt's proposal, it would establish S. 462 ecosystems; an office within the Department of In­ At the request of Mr. BUMPERS, the " (D) in consultation with State agencies terior which would be headed by a Di­ name of the Senator from Illinois [Mr. responsible for the management and con­ rector appointed by the President, con­ SIMON] was added as a cosponsor of S. servation of fish, wildlife, or plant resources firmed by the Senate, and under the su­ 462, a bill to prohibit the expenditure of within a State, including state natural herit­ age programs, and other appropriate parties, pervision of the Assistant Secretary for appropriated funds on the United devise and implement methodologies to ac­ Fish and Wildlife and Parks. States International Space Station cess existing sources of information on bio­ Although I strongly support estab­ Freedom Program. logical resources; lishing a program to improve natural s. 466 "(E) develop methods for the consistent resource inventory and monitoring, I At the request of Mr. DASCHLE, the and systematic collection and analysis of am not yet convinced that creating a name of the Senator from South Caro­ data on ecosystems and their components; separate office or bureau is the best "(F) disseminate information to resource lina [Mr. HOLLINGS] was added as a co­ managers, State agencies, scientists, and the means to accomplish this objective. sponsor of S. 466, a bill to amend title public; Nevertheless, Secretary Babbitt has XIX of the Social Security Act to pro­ "(G) provide technical assistance in sup­ put forward a detailed proposal which vide for Medicaid coverage of all cer­ port of legislative, regulatory, and resource merits the full consideration of Con­ tified nurse practitioners and clinical management decisions; and gress. The introduction of this bill is nurse specialists services. "(H) perform international activities relat­ intended to serve as a starting point s. 484 ed to the management of biological re­ and to provide an opportunity for a full sources. At the request of Mr. DASCHLE, the "(4) OFFICE AND DIRECTOR.- discussion of how best to improve our name of the Senator from West Vir­ "(A) The Secretary of the Interior shall es­ information about species and ginia [Mr. ROCKEFELLER] was added as tablish within the Department of the Inte­ ecosystems. Knowledge regarding biological re­ a cosponsor of S. 484, a bill to amend rior an office to assist in conducting the bio­ title XIX of the Social Security Act to logical survey established under paragraph sources is of great economic value. For provide for coverage of alcoholism and (1). Such office shall be headed by a Director instance, more than 40 percent of all who shall- prescription drugs are derived from drug dependency residential treatment "(i) be appointed by the President, by and plants and other organisms. Yet, fewer services for pregnant women and cer­ with the advice and consent of the Senate, tain family members under the Medic­ than 3 percent of the world's known from among individuals who, by reason of aid Program, and for other purposes. scientific education and experience, have species have been examined for possible s. 518 demonstrated expertise in the biological .use as medicines. This data could also sciences; and be used to develop and improve agricul­ At the request of Mr. BUMPERS, the "(ii) be compensated at the rate provided tural crops and in biotechnology re­ name of the Senator from South Da­ for level V of the Executive Schedule. search. Such knowledge will benefit all kota [Mr. DASCHLE] was added as a co­ "(B) The Director shall be subject to the of us. sponsor of S. 518, a bill to reduce the supervision of the Assistant Secretary for If we are going to get ahead of the deficit by limiting the amount of ap­ Fish and Wildlife.". curve and conserve species before they propriations which may be available to SEC. 3. CONFORMING AMENDMENT. become endangered, we need better and the intelligence community for fiscal Section 5316 of title 5, United States Code, year 1994. is amended by inserting after the item relat­ more comprehensive information about ing to the Director, United States Fish and species and ecosystems. The establish­ s. 519 Wildlife Service, Department of the Interior, ment of the National Biological Survey At the request of Mr. BUMPERS, the the following: could assist government and private in- name of the Senator from Vermont

~~-~ ... - .. May 21, 1993 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 10781 [Mr. JEFFORDS] was added as a cospon­ (1) the Chairman of the Select Committee Works be authorized to meet during sor of S. 519, a bill to reduce Federal on Ethics, who shall serve as Chairman of the session of the Senate on Friday, budget deficits by prohibiting further the Commission; May 21, beginning at 9:30 a.m., to con­ (2) the Vice Chairman of the Select Com­ duct a hearing on proposals to estab­ funding of the Trident II ballistic mis­ mittee on Ethics; sile program. (3) the members of the Select Committee lish a Federal program to encourage s. 649 on Ethics; and the development and use of environ­ At the request of Mr. RIEGLE, the (4) such former members of the Select mental technologies. name of the Senator from Rhode Island Committee on Ethics (including current and The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without [Mr. CHA FEE] was added as a cosponsor former Members of the Senate) as the Major­ objection, it is so ordered. of S. 649, a bill to ensure proper and ity Leader, in consultation with the Minor­ COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY ity Leader, shall recommend to be appointed full implementation by the Depart­ by the President pro tempore of the Senate. Mr. BOREN. Mr. President, I ask ment of Health and Human Services of (c) VACANCIES.-Vacancies in the member­ unanimous consent that the Commit­ Medicaid coverage for certain low-in­ ship of the Commission shall not affect the tee on the Judiciary be authorized to come Medicare beneficiaries. authority of the remaining members to con­ meet during the session of the Senate s. 764 duct the business of the Commission. on Friday, May 21, 1993, at 10 a.m., to At the request of Mr. WOFFORD, the (d) CONSTRUCTION.-Nothing in this resolu­ hold an oversight hearing on the Tele­ name of the Senator from Michigan tion shall be construed as restricting the au­ vision Oversight Program Improve­ thority of the Select Committee on Ethics or [Mr. LEVIN] was added as a cosponsor of otherwise changing the authority of any ment Act of 1990. S. 764, a bill to exclude service of elec­ committee of the Senate. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without tion officials and election workers SECTION 2. SERVICES OF STAFF.-The Chair­ objection, it is so ordered. from the Social Security payroll tax. man of the Commission may designate Sen­ S.923 ate staff to assist the Commission; however, At the request of Mr. DASCHLE, the no additional staff shall be employed by the ADDITIONAL STATEMENTS name of the Senator from West Vir­ Commission under the authority of this reso­ ginia [Mr. ROCKEFELLER] was added as lution. SECTION 3. GENERAL AUTHORITY.-For the UNSENTIMENTAL JOURNEY a cosponsor of S. 923, a bill to amend purposes of this resolution, the Commis­ the Public Health Service Act to pro­ sion- • Mr. LIEBERMAN. Mr. President, a vide a comprehensive program for the (a) is authorized in its discretion, number of our colleagues and I re­ prevention of fetal alcohol syndrome, (1) to hold hearings; cently had the pleasure of attending a and for other purposes. (2) to sit and act at any time or place dur­ reception at the home of our mutual s. 993 ing the sessions, recesses, and adjourned pe­ friends Sue and Sandy Greenberg, in At the request of Mr. KEMPTHORNE, riods of the Senate; and honor of Ernestine Schlant Bradley, (b) shall be deemed a committee of the the name of the Senator from Alaska Senate for the conduct of hearings, including Albert Drach and the American publi­ [Mr. STEVENS] was added as a cospon­ for the purpose of having printed and bound cation of an "Unsentimental Journey" s0::.· of S. 993, a bill to end the practice the testimony and other data presented at by Mr. Drach, afterword by Ms. of imposing unfunded Federal man­ such hearings. Schlant. It was a very special evening dates on States and local governments SECTION 4. EXPENSES.-(a) In carrying out and gave us all a renewed appreciation and to ensure that the Federal Govern­ its duties under the authority and purposes of Ernestine's brilliance and strength. I ment pays the costs incurred by those of this resolution, from March 4, 1993 request to place in the RECORD the re­ governments in complying with certain through December 31, 1993, the Commission marks made that evening. is authorized to make such expenditures as requirements under Federal statutes may be necessary from the Contingent Fund The remarks follow: and regulations. of the Senate. STATEMENT OF SENATOR BILL BRADLEY SENATE JOINT RESOLUTION 72 (b) Expenditures from the Contingent Fund The only person that I know that works At the request of Mr. RIEGLE, the shall be paid out of the appropriations ac­ harder than I do is my wife. For fourteen name of the Senator from Mississippi count "Miscellaneous Items" upon vouchers years she has taught four courses at [Mr. COCHRAN] was added as a cospon­ approved by the Chairman of the Commis­ Montclair State College every semester. sor of Senate Joint Resolution 72, a sion, except that vouchers shall not be re­ Then she has written virtually hundreds of joint resolution to designate the last quired for- articles and book reviews, several books, had (1) the payment of expenses for stationery a hand in two books that just came out and week of September 1993, and the last supplies purchased through the Keeper of the are here tonight, raised a daughter, been a week of September of 1994, as "Na­ Stationery, United States Senate; great political wife, met the demands of her tional Senior Softball Week." (2) the payment of expenses for postage to husband, occasionally, and needless to say, is the Postmaster, United States Senate; a very special human being. And that is why (3) the payment of metered charges on I'm really quite pleased and honored and SENATE RESOLUTION 111-TO AU­ copying equipment provided by the Sergeant grateful to two wonderful friends, Sandy THORIZE THE SENATE ETHICS at Arms, United States Senate; or Greenberg and Sue Greenberg for hosting to­ STUDY COMMISSION, AND FOR (4) the payment of expenses for tele­ night's affair for Ernestine. Sandy and Sue OTHER PURPOSES communications services provided by the Greenberg are friends of many years, our Telecommunications Department, Sergeant daughters are classmates-Kathryn and The­ Mr. MITCHELL (for himself and Mr. at Arms, United States Senate. resa Anne. Theresa. Anne is on her way, need­ DOLE) submitted the following resolu­ SECTION 5. REPORT.-The Commission shall less to say, she's a basketball player. And tion; which was considered and agreed report its findings and recommendations to the time I met Sandy and took his measure to: the Majority Leader and the Minority Lead­ was once when he purchased my services. S. RES. 111 er upon the conclusion of its study. Now for those who are interested in profes­ Resolved, That-- SECTION 6. TERMINATION.-The provisions of sional ethics, don't get itchy. Every year I SECTION 1. SENATE ETlilCS STUDY COMMIS­ this resolution shall be deemed effective auction at the Sidwell auction my services SION.-(a) ESTABLISHMENT AND PURPOSES.­ March 4, 1993, and shall terminate on Decem­ to anyone who wants to buy them to play There is established in the Senate the Ethics ber 31, 1993. with four of that person's friends a three on Study Commission (hereinafter referred to three basketball game. As the years pass it as "Commission") for the purposes of- becomes more and more difficult. But sev­ (1) conducting a study of rules and proce­ AUTHORITY FOR COMMITTEES TO eral years ago, Sandy bought this three on dures relating to the Senate Select Commit­ MEET three basketball game. Now for those of you that don't know, Sandy is blind, and I went tee on Ethics; and COMMITTEE ON ENVIRONMENT AND PUBLIC (2) taking such actions as may be required WORKS out on the court, his two fine ~ons and he to support the purpose specified in paragraph were playing me and two other people. And I (1). Mr. BOREN. Mr. President, I ask said, who do I guard? You have Sandy Green­ (b) MEMBERSIIlP.-The Commission shall be unanimous consent that the full Com­ berg-but he's uh uh, he said please, up composed of the following members: mittee on Environment and Public please ..., just stay with him. So I stayed 69-059 0-97 Vol. 139 (Pt. 8) 10 10782 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE May 21, 1993 with him and the rule was if you got the ball priate that as her own difficult journey Thank you very, very much for being at the foul line, you had to give him room to comes to an end, Ernestine Schlant has here.• shoot. And I am here tonight to testify that brought Albert Drach's genius to Washing­ blind men can shoot. But beyond that, Sandy ton a scant week after the Inauguration of is an enormously successful businessman, he another man from Hope. INDONESIA'S FORGOTTEN WAR is an adviser to presidents, he is a man of It is my great honor and pleasure to intro­ •Mr. DURENBERGER. Mr. President, tremendous philanthropic endeavor, but rel­ duce our dear friend, Ernestine Schlant my interest in the human rights situa­ evant to tonight, he and Sue both are tre­ Bradley. mendous friends to both Ernestine and me. I ERNESTINE SCHLANT BRADLEY tion in East Timor is well known. The would like to thank Sandy and introduce First of all, I really do want to thank record of the Indonesian Government Sandy who will introduce Ernestine. Sandy and Sue not just for opening their regarding internationally accepted SANFORD D. GREENBERG house. but for opening their hearts and human rights in this region is unac­ Thank you Bill Bradley for those very kind hosting this event and bringing us all to­ ceptable. It is my belief that the inter­ words. Sue, Kathryn, Paul, Jimmy and I are gether. And I want to say this is one of the national community must continue to grateful to you for your generous thoughts, highlights, not just of the last week, or the hold the government of Indonesia ac­ as well as your friendship. We are delighted last weeks or the last months but really of countable for their treatment of East to welcome you all to our home. many years and all the work that has gone into them, too. What I want to say about the Timorese. We are gathered here tonight to celebrate I wish to take this opportunity to the American publication of an two books is very brief. The book on West German and Japanese literature is really an share with my colleagues an article " Unsentimental Journey" by the great but from the most recent issue of the Indo­ still under-celebrated Austrian novelist Al­ outcome of curiosity. I wanted to find out to bert Drach, and to honor the courage of the what extent the two countries now, show or nesian quarterly, written by a former woman-our dear friend Ernestine Schlant do not show any similarities or any parallels staff member of the Senate Select Bradley-whose dedication and persistence since their political history in the last hun­ Committee on Intelligence, Anne made it happen. dred years have been very similar. And as Greene. "Unsentimental Journey" is an auto­ Sandy has already said so eloquently, we trust the novelists who write about the The article, a review of John Taylor's biographical novel about an Austrian lawyer, book "Indonesia's Forgotten War: The half-Jewish, who flees from Vienna to Vichy souls. We trust the politicians as practition­ ers, we trust the journalists for, you know, Hidden History of East Timor," not France to escape the Nazis and spends the only provides a substantial history of War surviving. It is a book about people and the fluff, but when we really want to know life on the edge-indeed beyond the edge; what's going on. we have to read literature. the volatile situation in East Timor, So I thought we should read the contem­ but also suggests possible scenarios for where to survive is to live only in the sense porary German and Japanese literature and that one continues to breathe. In a word, it the future of East Timor. see who the contemporary Germans and Jap­ The situation in East Timor does not is a book about the Holocaust. anese are, not by what the reporters tell us, I know there are some who may wonder but by what the literature says. The Wilson garner a great deal of attention. This whether the world needs another book about Center was very hospitable to the idea and article, as well as the book it discusses, the Holocaust. To them, I have five re­ hosted a conference where we had contribu­ makes a significant contribution to the sponses. First, Bosnia. Second, Somalia. tors from Japan, Germany and United education of the international commu­ Third, Cambodia. Fourth, unbelievably, Ger­ States, and the outcome is this book. There nity regarding this matter. I wish to many. And fifth, this is a novel, not a work are several people here, Sam Wells, Mike of journalism. especially express my appreciation to Haltzel, Joe Brinley-all of whom really Anne Greene for her continuing inter­ Fiction grg,bs us and, even in difficult worked very hard to bring this book out and books like this one, compels us to engage in I'm very happy that it came out, it's a first est and involvement in this issue. a way that non-fiction cannot. Headlines of in comparative studies and we'll have to see Mr. President, I ask that the text of four hundred thousand Bosnians dying in the whether any other center or institute may the article be included in the RECORD, cold fade to reports of the Strategic Petro­ follow up and host a second conference so and I urge my colleagues' attention to leum Reserve; both go in one year and out that we can come up with an even more de­ it. the other. Novels, when they enable us to tailed study. This project can stand on its witness the pain and suffering. the joy and The article follows: own. However, my heart really is with Albert [From the Indonesian Quarterly, XXI/l] relief of individual human beings, capture Drach. I think Sandy already spoke so elo­ our souls because we can imagine ourselves quently about him, I don't need to say much INDONESIA'S FORGOTTEN WAR or our loved ones as those individuals. more. Drach is 90 years old. He's still alive. ("Indonesia's Forgotten War: The Hidden "Unsentimental Journey," like He lives outside of Vienna. He is the only History of East Timar," by John G. Taylor. Solzhenitsyn's description of the gulag, al­ writer that I know in Austrian literature London & New Jersey: Zed Books, Ltd., 1991, lows us to ponder how we might respond, whose creative work spares from the last 230 pp. + xiii. It includes an introduction, whether as victims, government officials or days of the Austrian empire into the present. chronology of events in East Timar since mere observers, to ultimate challenges to He is very vitriolic. I think in fact, it's his 1974, bibliography and index. This review ar­ our courage and our morality. anger that keeps him going. I hope that you ticle is written by Anne Green.) That we have the opportunity to read it to­ will read his book which is about his exile in Little is generally known about this sub­ night is a tribute to Ernestine Schlant's pas­ France. ject. and aside from newspaper and occa­ sion and courage. German-born, she knows Michael Berenbaum is also here: he is sional journal articles, less has been written well that there are many who do not wish to under heavy pressure to do a book review on about it. For the truly uninitiated, an expla­ be reminded of the Holocaust even as its Unsentimental Journey and I hope there will nation of the title of the book is in order. In­ echoes begin to be heard again in central Eu­ be other opportunities yet to spread Drach's donesia's "war," is a reference to military rope. Nonetheless, she has for a decade la­ reputation. The book was written originally and other methods employed by Indonesia to bored tirelessly to bring Mr. Drach's painful after World War II, the notes were taken as integrate East Timar. East and West Timar message to both the German and English­ he was in exile, but the English translation share a small island in the east part of the speaking worlds. just came out. We try to get as many reviews Indonesian archipelago. West Timar has his­ Ernestine, I cannot say I enjoyed reading on the book as possible, and sell as many torically been part of Indonesia, but East "Unsentimental Journey." I know all too copies and get as many people to know about Timar was a Portuguese colony until the well whose role I would have played. Still, I it as possible. Sandy and Sue were so gener­ 1970s when, according to different observers, commend it to all of you and to all who-in ous: they ordered the copies for this party, it either opted for integration with Indonesia a world full of mind-numbing horrors-still whereupon the publishing company in Cali­ or it was forced to integrate, a difference of wish to be able to respond emotionally to the fornia said, Oh my gosh, another order like opinion that is the heart of this work. suffering of our fellow human beings. In clos­ this, and this is a best seller. I'm very, very The situation in East Timar since 1991 has ing, let me make one final observation: at happy that Sue and Sandy made this pos­ become increasingly volatile. On 12 Novem­ the end of the novel the protagonist, having sible. When you read the book, don't think ber of that year in Dili, the capital of East survived the Nazis while so many of his you can read it with the ease of a best seller. Timar, Indonesian troops shot into a group friends and relatives have died, turns on the It's not a book that you can just sit down of mourners after one of the soldiers had gas in his apartment and lies down. In real and relax with. The subject matter is very been stabbed, killing at least fifty. The life, Albert Drach picked himself up, re­ painful and Drach challenges you. He dares group had been attending a memorial mass turned to Austria, reclaimed his family's you to put the book down. I hope you pick up for a person killed earlier that week by the home, married, had children and resumed, the challenge and you will read the book and army. That young man had favoured an inde­ even to this hour, his writing. How appro- I think we'll all be better for it if we do that. pendent East Timar. May 21, 1993 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 10783 Domestic and international repercussions Portuguese Royal Commission demanded victory over the Fretilin, a Fretilin victory of that violence are still occurring. In De­ more aggressive control and development of over ~he Indonesian forces, an Indonesian cember 1992, Xanana Gusmao, a founder of the colony. Thereafter, the colonialists referendum manipulating a vote for merger, Fretilin, East Timor's principal pro-inde­ forced the Timorese into work gangs, redis­ a plan to give East Timor limited political pendence organization, was captured by the tributed their land, and focussed on raising autonomy, and change caused by outside armed forces in the basement of a house near crops for export. In the process, they desta­ pressure on Indonesia. Dili, after having been turned in by neigh­ bilized traditional structures of the society Taylor presents his arguments for why bours. His arrest has received considerable and its economy and coopted its leaders, the none of these scenarios will succeed. Indo­ publicity in Jakarta, where he is being de­ liurai and suco chiefs. nesia will not gain a victory over Fretilin be­ tained, and his trial, which began 1 February A major theme in this publication is that cause Fretilin will always be able to evade in Dili, will undoubtedly revive questions from the time Portugal decided to the combatants. Fretilin forces are unlikely concerning Indonesia's relationship with decolonize, Indonesia intended to take over to be victorious either with only about 2,000 East Timor and the legality of its incorpora­ and began to plan for it, despite claims to members-in the absence of an upsurge in tion. the contrary. According to Taylor, the Indo­ separatist movements. A referendum is un­ In 1989, Eastern Europe broke away from nesian military intelligence service, Eakin, likely since Indonesia will not want the the Soviet Union and in 1991, the USSR itself was in the vanguard. problem brought to international attention. came apart. On the first day of 1993, Czecho­ A principal topic in this book, to which ap­ Limited political autonomy for East Timar slovakia, divided into two parts. In the after­ proximately half of the volume is dedicated, is doubtful because Indonesia does not want math of the Cold War, a trend has developed is a description of the Indonesian takeover to stop fighting or increase East Timor par­ toward the establishment of small and homo­ and incorporation of East Timar. The author ticipation in the system. International pres­ geneous states. The breakdown of the former names and describes various operations and sure is unlikely to increase due to Indo­ Yugoslav Republic provides another example depicts tactics used as frustration mounted nesian lobbying efforts. Portugal, which con­ of this tendency, demonstrating that federa­ at the inability to eliminate the opposition. tinues to make the case with the European tion had failed to erase bitter memories and An important role was played by the Community, could get tired and give up. nationalist dreams. Dealing with the desire Church in East Timor. Although the Church Taylor concludes that change in relations for self determination and making smaller had been the dominant provider of education between East Timor and Indonesia will only states viable are two emerging challenges for in East Timor since the eighteenth century, occur if there is a new government in Ja­ the 1990s. its role was evidently limited since ninety­ karta. Even then, change could be slow and States have a tendency to view the world three per cent of the population in 1973 was limited in scope. in their own image, as a collection of other illiterate. On 12 October 1989, the Pope went There are a number of problems with this nation states equally bent on modernization. to East Timor. After consecrating the cathe­ book, ranging from minor to substantive. However, many people residing in states be­ dral, he said mass to an overflowing crowd of Many of the more minor are related to edit­ long to traditional societies, whose focus is 100,000. His message was restrained. The ing. much more local. States characteristically Pope simply called on "those responsible for Taylor is frank about his position on East overlook them, undervalue them, or press life in East Timar (to) act with wisdom and Timor, but inflammatory language, over­ them to assimilate. It is not fashionable to goodwill for all." He did not say, as he had statements, and under-reporting raise ques­ find intrinsic value in these societies. This six years earlier in Haiti, that "things must tions about the accuracy of the account. publication looks at the effects of national change here, if faut que les choses Throughout the text the Indonesian presence and international relations on a traditional changement ici." Even so, following the in East Timar is referred to as its "invasion society and the continuing resistance to uni­ mass, some of the audience began to shout of East Timor." In Chapter Twelve on page fication from some inhabitants of a remote independence slogans, soldiers intervened 180, the writer claims the United States, part of an enormous nation. and there was a violent melee. Thereafter, Australia, and Japan could have influenced Indonesia is young, dating only from 17 the local Church became an important focus things in the mid-1970's, "but the need to ap­ August 1945. However, it has become the of opposition to the Indonesian presence, pease the Indonesian military became para­ fourth largest nation in the world with the calling for a referendum on integration and mount." dissolution of the Soviet Union. It includes documentation of human rights abuses. The most serious shortcoming of the vol­ more than thirteen thousand islands and The author concludes that the combat had ume is its one dimensionality. The Indo­ peoples of many ethnic backgrounds and re­ reached a military stalemate by the mid nesian Government, particularly EAKIN and ligions. A state philosophy called Pancasila 1980s, leading the army to return to an ear­ the armed forces, are presented as evil. He and a national language, Bahasa Indonesia, lier strategy of holding strategic locations claims that entire nations have turned a are principal factors in its unity. East Timor and attempting to keep the Fretilin forces at blind eye to conditions in East Timar for self is one of only a very few parts of the archi­ bay. ":'h?. Government sought to show that centered economic, strategic, and political pelago where pockets of resistance to incor­ the political situation was under control by reasons. By contrast, the indigenous society poration continue to exist. holding trials of Fretilin forces beginning in of East Timor and Fretilin are virtuous and John G. Taylor, the author of Indonesia's 1984. By the end of that year, one hundred blameless. In Chapter Five, while the com­ Forgotten War, is a British sociologist, who and ninety-five prisoners had been tried batants devastate the urban areas, Fretilin has written two volumes on the sociology of under Articles 106, 198, and 110 of the Indo­ forces live peacefully in the mountains, development. He is also the editor of Timar nesian Criminal Code, then given sentences growing crops, sending their children to Link for the Catholic Institute for Inter­ ranging from two to seventeen years al­ school, and holding meetings with the com­ national Relations. This book is written though many had already been in jail for munity "for political clarification on the from the perspective of a sociologist, years. evolution of the struggle." From this lauda­ alarmed at the destabilization of traditional A final theme in this volume is the inter­ tory description, the reader may wonder how Timorese society. It also reflects the per­ national reaction to events in East Timor other parties managed to attract any mem­ spective of one who has followed the fate of and the writer speculates on actions that bers, what frictions caused Fretilin to splin­ the Church and Catholics in East Timar. could be taken, but concludes that the prob­ ter, and why it has had so much trouble pre­ Taylor's goals in writing this volume are ability of action on East Timor's behalf is in­ senting its case in the international arena. straightforward. In the Introduction, he creasingly unlikely. Initially, the United Na­ Some of the author's assertions are exag­ writes that they are to inform readers about tions reaffirmed East Timor's right to self­ gerated, such as his equation of armed com­ the history of East Timor, to help its popu­ determination and called for negotiations by bat, transmigration, and birth control as lace become independent, and to inspire representatives from Fretilin, Indonesia, and horrors imposed by Indonesia to quell the other movements for national autonomy. He Portugal. But by 1982, that margin of support Timorese. Taylor is particularly incensed himself was active in the British Campaign had narrowed and the wording was changed about the introduction of World Bank funded for an Independent East Timar in late 1970s. to "interested parties" so that just Portugal family planning centers that want Timorese Taylor views Timorese history is a sorry and Indonesia would participate in the talks. to limit their families to three children saga of European and Asian colonialism. The The Human Rights Committee, one of the in­ each. However, public policy encourages all first and most enduring colonizers were the stitutions in the United Nations intended to Indonesians to limit their families to two Portuguese, who established a settlement on access of human rights violations, even re­ children; the rationale for this policy is ap­ the island of Solar in 1599, beat off a chal­ moved it from the agenda in 1985, which Tay­ parent to anyone who has been to Indonesia. lenge by the Dutch, but were forced out by lor blames on a powerful Indonesian lobbying Some of the writer's arguments are cynical the Japanese during World War Two, return­ effort. In his view, credit for keeping the and counterintuitive, as in Chapter Thirteen, ing afterwards, only to be replaced by Indo­ issue alive at the United Nations lies with where Taylor asserts that the military is un­ nesia. the non-governmental organizations (NGOs). likely to pull out of East Timor because it is The Portuguese were satisfied to reap the What is the future for East Timar? The au­ quite happy to be there, providing troops labour of the Timorese until 1898, when the thor visualizes five scenarios: an Indonesian with combat practice in low intensity con- 10784 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE May 21, 1993 flict and giving officers an opportunity for Sometimes, no matter how hard we Vermont from joining the Union. Rath­ promotions and wealth from local invest­ try, we may not be able to agree on er than submit to domination by either ments. East Timor has been a long, expen­ some issues, but we can develop com­ State, Vermont decided to go it alone. sive, and unpopular engagement, something from which one might assume the combat­ promises on most issues. Here is what Eventually, after some hard bargain­ ants and Indonesia, which is an increasingly one of the students in that sixth grade ing, her neighbors realized the error of important player in world events, would like class wrote in his letter to me: "I solve their ways and Vermont was allowed to to end. my problems in my life by discussing join the Union. It has taken much Since Taylor is involved with the Catholic my problems. I compromise with the longer in the Middle East, but I believe Church and has followed its activities in person I am mad at. I think that the Israel's neighbors are slowly coming East Timor, it is unfortunate that he did not write more about this topic. Who invited the Democrats and the Republicans should around. Pope to East Timor? What was his purpose in work together to make a better coun­ Like Israel, Vermont has always had making this trip. Since the Vatican has not try." an unusual interest in events beyond recognized the unification of East Timor and Mr. President, I honestly think these its borders, engaging in outreach Indonesia, why was the Pope's address so kids have the right idea. And we ought around the globe. Moved by the human mild? What caused the priests to take cour­ to listen to them. Again, I don't believe suffering in Europe, Vermont declared age from the papal visit? In many countries we can find compromises on every war on Nazi Germany 3 months before with a Catholic presence, nuns and lay work­ ers, who work most closely with the poor issue, but we can find them on most is­ Pearl Harbor. Touched by the plight of have become the most radicalized. It would sues. We have to. As another student Bosnian Moslems, Israel has been air­ have been interesting to know something wrote, if he has a problem with his lifting Moslem refugee families to Is­ about this subject. brother, "we would talk about a way rael. This work was published in 1991, but it we can both have our problem solved. If As a member of the Senate Foreign mainly covers events through 1989. An up­ we still do not agree, we would help Relations Committee, I had the privi­ date is already in order as a result of the No­ lege of traveling to the Middle East in vember 1991 violence in Dili and myriad re­ each other." They would help each percussions; and changes in the inter­ other because they have to live with February to assess the situation and to national arena. each other. So do we, Mr. President, so measure the commitment of the var­ Despite its shortcomings, this is a valuable do we. And we ought to begin doing ious parties to the peace process. I was and provocative publication that provides just that. heartened by what I learned, and more English language readers an opportunity to Mr. President, I thank the sixth convinced than ever that a negotiated think about the situation in East Timor. In addition, it raises questions of a larger scope grade class at St. Josaphat School for solution is possible and is the best hope concerning the rights of states and tradi­ writing to me. And I will do my best to for lasting peace in the region. At the tional societies, the proper role of religion, learn from them.• center of my optimism is the reinvigo­ and the reluctance of states to negotiate dif­ ration of the Israeli-American relation­ ferences of opinion.• ship. CONGRATULATING ISRAEL ON ITS At each stop on my trip, I saw hope­ 45TH ANNIVERSARY ful signs that the participant nations CONGRESS IS ONE OF THE PLACES • Mr. JEFFORDS. Mr. President, I wanted to get back to the talks. In Da­ WHERE PEACE IS LACKING would like my colleagues to note that mascus, Syrian Foreign Minister al­ • Mr. KOHL. Mr. President, a few days last Friday, May 14, was the 45th anni­ Shara eagerly conveyed his country's ago, I received a group of letters and versary of Israel's declaration of inde­ willingness to separate the difficult drawings from the sixth grade class at pendence. I would like to mark this oc­ problem of the Palestinian deportees St. Josaphat School in Milwaukee. I casion by congratulating Israel on its from the peace talks. Syria is very have rarely received anything as 45 years of democracy and freedom. It aware of the political and economic touching, and as disturbing, as those may be no coincidence that the Holo­ benefits that could come from peace letters. caust Memorial here in Washington has with Israel. While the Foreign Minister These sixth graders, Mr. President, just opened, vividly reminding us of a did not make light of the many obsta­ were spending some time studying how key reason why the State of Israel had cles, it was clear to me that the Syr­ to get along peacefully with each to be created. Forty-five years ago, ians are gradually realizing that good other. Their teacher, Mrs. Bergstrom, still reeling from the turmoil of war, relations with their prosperous neigh­ explained that, while the class was the Allies were uncertain whether this talking about how to get along with bor offers the best hope for the develop­ effort to create a homeland for the ment of Syria. each other, "we have noted that * * * Jews would succeed. Thanks to the un­ The Jordanians were even more anx­ peace is sorely lacking in certain areas flagging determination of the Israeli ious to resume peace discussions. Both of our globe. We have also noted that people, there is now no doubt anywhere Israeli and Jordanian officials agree peace is sorely lacking within certain that the outlines of a peace agreement areas of our Nation." in the world that the State of Israel is So far so good; just a normal student here to stay. are clear, and a concerted effort in the exercise about getting along with peo­ As Israel has evolved over the half bilateral talks could complete the doc­ ple. But then came the kicker, Mr. century of its existence, so has Ameri­ ument in relatively little time. Jordan President. The teacher's letter contin­ ca's relationship with Israel. People clearly wants the benefits peace could ued: "Congress is one of the places are sometimes surprised to find that bring, but realizes that any agreement where peace is lacking." my affinity for the State of Israel with Israel must go hand-in-hand with "Congress is one of the places where comes in part from historical progress in the negotiations over Pal­ peace is lacking.'' similarities shared with the State of estinian autonomy. A letter that all the students signed Vermont. While at first glance they The Israeli-Palestinian negotiating asked, "Won't you please stop arguing may seem very different, both are track still seems the most difficult, in and begin working with one another small lands, and their people are very part because the issues are consider­ peacefully? Maybe, through your good aware of their uniqueness and are deep­ ably more complex, and in part because example, you will spread some of your ly committed to democracy. Israelis of the political constraints on each peaceful cooperation to the rest of the and Vermonters are independent and side. The Palestinian delegation is op­ country. Maybe you will even spread industrious people, working a rugged erating under very difficult cir­ some of that peace to the rest of the land, and respecting its environment. cumstances, constantly threatened by world. Maybe. What is wrong with try­ In 1776, Vermont was forced to de­ the increasing power of fundamentalist ing?" clare itself an independent republic groups in the occupied territories. The Mr. President, I think they are right: when competing claims of ownership delegates impressed upon me the need There isn't anything wrong with try­ over Vermont's territory by New for tangible signs of progress that will ing. Hampshire and New York prevented reassure the Palestinians that negotia- May 21, 1993 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 10785 tions, not extremism or terrorism, are shares this conviction and places the back on our defense expenditures, but the best hope for a real improvement in highest priority on economic reform. it will also expand the markets for their situation. We discussed the peace process at American goods, the key to maintain­ I was most surprised to learn from length, agreeing that every effort must ing our standard of living. Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak of be made to seize the opportunity to There continues to be some progress the quiet but active role he plays in move toward a sustainable peace. I in the peace talks, but I am concerned the peace process. As the leader of the shared my concern about the unrest in that all of the parties have not pledged one Arab government that has made the territories, my opposition to to commit themselves to the negotia­ peace with Israel, Mubarak constantly heavy-handed responses, and my sup­ tions until an agreement is reached. acts as a conduit for information be­ port for longstanding U.S. policy of op­ Only Israel has made a long-term com­ tween parties, encouraging his Arab al­ posing the building of settlements out­ mitment to the talks, recognizing the lies to continue the struggle to find side the green line. Having pushed hard urgency of seizing this moment of op­ common ground. Frequent lengthy con­ for years for the right of Soviet Jews portunity. I hope the other parties will versations between President Mubarak to emigrate, I backed the loan guaran­ commit to an immediate resumption of and Prime Minister Rabin provide a tees, but believe that they must be the discussions and commit to seeing unique communications channel that spent in accordance with United States the process through. can facilitate progress and diffuse ten­ policy if they are to be supported by While the coming months will no sions. the American public. The Prime Min­ doubt bring some bumps in the road, I While my stop in Israel was too brief, ister assured me that American condi­ am most encouraged by the vigor I see it renewed my enthusiasm for the peo­ tions on loan guarantees are being in the relationship between and the ple, their energy and the spirit of Is­ scrupulously fallowed. commitment of the new American and rael. In spite of torrential rains, we as­ We discussed the difficulty of com­ Israeli Governments to work together. cended the Mount of Olives to gaze bating terrorism in a democracy and There is excitement throughout the across the valley onto the heights of the necessity of preventing extremists Middle East that peace is not only pos­ the Old City. from holding a veto over the peace sible, but could bring tangible benefits My eye was drawn to the Dome of the process. I was encouraged by the Prime to all the people of the region. It is my Rock, glistening even in the rain, one Minister's commitment to ending the belief that the strength of the Amer­ of the most holy sites for Moslems, standoff with the Palestinian deportees ican-Israeli friendship is the key to built on the spot where Mohammed is while remaining firm against terror­ making this long-sought dream a re­ said to have ascended into heaven. This ism. Foreign Minister Peres stressed ality.• very rock is also claimed by Jude6- that the food on which fundamentalism Christian scholars as the place where feeds is poverty, and that a political Abraham offered to sacrifice his son settlement must provide for economic FACES OF THE HEALTH CARE CRI­ Isaac to demonstrate his faith in God. development and political autonomy SIS IN MICHIGAN-THE IMPACT Later that day, on the temple mount for the Palestinians. OF HIGH HEALTH CARE COSTS we wove our way through underground I was pleased to learn of the Labor ON FAMILY BUSINESSES tunnels to the spots where Israeli ar­ government's support for my position •Mr. RIEGLE. Mr. President, as part cheologists have located stones from that the gulf war brought home the ne­ of my continuing effort to focus on the the foundation of King Solomon's tem­ cessity of curtailing arms sales to the critical need for heal th care reform, I ple, laid almost 3,000 years ago. Upon region. I supported taking military ac­ would like to highlight today the im­ these stones, in the first century B.C., tion against Saddam Hussein and I pact of skyrocketing health insurance King Herod built the immense walls greatly admired the restraint shown by premiums on small business owners. that surrounded the Second Temple. Israel when Scud missiles were Gerald and Sue Gibson, from Sturgis, The western section of the wall, ·the launched against Tel Aviv. Clearly, MI, have owned a trucking business Wailing Wall, is the one of the most there is no shortage of military equip­ since 1978. They are the sole employees holy places to Jews. ment in the region. While the war cre­ of the company. Like many small busi­ Here, in just a square mile, is encap­ ated an international consensus that nesses across America, the Gibson fam­ sulated the riddle of the Middle East-­ more must be done to limit the flow of ily business is struggling to stay afloat Judaism, Islam, and Christianity all weapons, it has proved hard for any during difficult economic times. The claiming the same sites of land as country to follow through when jobs at Gibsons wrote to me in August 1992, to being central to their history and be­ home are at stake. The recent sale of tell me how escalating health insur­ liefs. Prior to 1967, the old city of Jeru­ F-15's to Saudi Arabia provides an ex­ ance premiums have made their strug­ salem was under Jordanian control and ample. Believing that this sale was not gle even harder. closed to Jews, thus barring them from in America's long-term interest, I was I will ask that this letter be printed access to their holy sites. Since 1967, one of the few Senators to speak out in the RECORD at the conclusion of my Israel has insisted that the city be publicly last fall in opposition to the remarks. open to all, and thousands of people of sale in spite of the potential economic Sue and Gerald had been purchasing all faiths come every day to worship in benefit for Vermont. heal th insurance coverage for them­ peace. Looking out over this historic The question of next year's levels of selves for the past 20 years. But, they and dynamic city, it is clear to me that U.S. foreign aid came up as well. I indi­ are unable to keep up with the high Israel's City of David must never again cated my commitment to aid to Israel cost of health insurance. Some ten be divided so that it remain forever and Egypt, especially at this delicate months ago, the Gibsons gave up their open to all people. time in the peace process. Any cut in health insurance coverage to maintain My meetings with Prime Minister aid at this critical point in the peace the economic viability of their busi­ Yitzhak Rabin and Foreign Minister process could be construed as a lack of ness. Shimon Peres provided the opportunity American resolve to see the peace proc­ The escalating cost of premiums has to candidly exchange views on many is­ ess through. After all we have invested, put health insurance beyond their fi­ sues. I expressed concern that Israel Israel must be confident that our com­ nancial means. In 1988, the premium continue to work hard on reforming its mitment is not wavering. cost for the Gibsons' health insurance economy, encouraging greater privat­ I realize foreign aid is very difficult was about $67 a month with a yearly ization and efficiency. As America to sell to the American people, I am deductible of $1,200. By 1992, the pre­ struggles to return its economy to convinced that the wisest investment mium cost had risen to $439 a month health, we must ensure that every dol­ we can make is in efforts to bring for basically the same policy. This was lar invested overseas is spent wisely. I peace to the region. Not only will sta­ for a no-frills policy that only covered was assured that the Israeli leadership bility in the region allow us to cut hospitalizations. It did not cover doc- 10786 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE May 21, 1993 tor visits, prescriptions, or outpatient heal th care to help small businesses SENATE QUARTERLY MASS MAIL VOLUMES AND COSTS services. and everyone else whose peace of mind FOR THE QUARTER ENDING 03/31/93-Continued Luckily the Gibson's out-of-pocket is jeopardized by this serious problem. Original Pieces expenses have been relatively low. The letter follows: Senators total per cap- Original Cost per total cost capita Their major expense is a prescription STURGIS, MI, pieces ita to control Gerald's blood pressure August 18 , 1992. Bentsen .. 81,005 .00459 15,434.91 .00087 which costs $40 a month. But, because Hon. DONALD w. RIEGLE, Jr.: Biden ...... i4)oo We are writing to ask your help with a Bingaman ...... ···:oo93o ····2:912:15 ·····:00184 they have had to give up their insur­ Bond ...... 2,600 .00050 611.13 .00012 very serious problem. Enclosed you will find Boren ...... ance, they now live in fear of an un­ ·····:00134 foreseen illness or accident that would a copy of our latest rate increase on our Boxer ...... 3o5:ooo .00988 ''4d68:14 health insurance. As you can see it will now Bradley ...... 42,700 .00548 6,075.24 .00078 require hospitalization. While they Breaux ...... be $439 a month. This is a no frills policy, it Brown ...... · ... 5:539 "-:Oo 'i88 ·5:832:78 .00168 have never filed a health insurance is a $1200 deductible, in hospital only plan. Bryan ...... 72,550 .05467 10,322.85 .00778 claim and neither of them has ever No office calls, no vision or dental, no emer­ Bumpers ...... Burns ...... 21 ,460 ···:02604 3,200.40 .00388 been hospitalized, they are concerned gency room, just major hospital care. Byrd ...... 848 .00047 756.42 .00042 Campbell .. that their good health will not con­ We can no longer afford to pay the pre­ ..... 17:700 mium, we will now be forced to join the mil­ Chafee .... . "-:0'1761 2,920.19 :00291 tinue forever. They fear they could be Coats ...... turned away by hospitals if they get lions of Americans with no coverage. Four Cochran ... . years ago our premium was $199 every quar­ Cohen ...... ·29:220 .02366 5,477.83 .00444 sick, because they have no health in­ ter and now $439 a month. Conrad . 41,975 .06600 5.975.76 .00940 surance. They worry that they may Coverdell ..... We are in our early 50's, and have never Craig ...... 217 ,180 "-:20354 36.412:53 ··· ··:03413 lose their home should one of them even filed a claim on this policy. They say D'Amato ...... Danforth ...... 80:080 .01542 "i 1.002.66 ·-:00212 need to be hospitalized. it's due to rising costs. We have tried to keep Daschle ...... 17.790 .02502 2.525.27 .00355 The Gibsons are willing to pay for up with the rising rates, but we can no DeConcini ... . 72.581 .01894 16.71027 .00436 heal th insurance, they are not looking longer afford it. Dodd ...... 1,576 .00048 1,247.01 .00038 Dole for a free ride. They just cannot afford We have had a small business for 20 years. Domenici ...... 1,230 ·· -:00078 225.71 ·····:00014 the skyrocketing premiums. Since they We have paid our own way. We have never Dorgan ...... 56,150 .08829 7,987.70 .01256 asked for welfare, we don't have paid vaca­ Durenberger . 85,640 .01912 16,133.67 .00360 gave up their health insurance last Au­ Exon ...... tions, we don't have paid holidays or any un­ Faircloth ... . gust, Sue has continued to look for af­ employment benefits. We have paid our own Feingold .. . fordable insurance for herself and her Feinstein . Social Security in full. We have stuck it out Ford ...... husband. In researching various poli­ in the good times and the bad times. We are Glenn ...... cies, she has found that high costs are willing to do this because having a small Gorton ··220:165 .04287 ''38:717:85 ··· ··:00754 Graham not the only problem. She has also en­ business, working hard and seeing something Gramm iii7:99o "-:Oo612 23.731.43 .00134 countered discrimination against her grow from it is what we enjoy doing. Isn't Grassley husband because high blood pressure is small business what America is all about? Gregg What are our options now? What happens if Harkin considered a preexisting condition. Hatch ...... ···· '31:930 .01761 4.542.59 ·····:0025·i we need hospitalization? We have worked Hatfield ...... 950 .00032 224 .69 .00008 Just recently, Sue considered a pol­ hard, our home is paid for and we have a lit­ Heflin ...... 15,500 .00375 2,456.22 .00059 icy for her husband that would cost Helms ...... tle savings. Will we lose a lifetime of hard Hollings ...... $500 per month, but had a 2-year pre­ work to a hospital bill? Inouye . existing condition clause that would We need to know these answers: If we need Jeffords . 2.130 ··:00374 ·417:27 ··· ·· :00073 surgery will hospitals turn us away with no Johnston . 2,000 .00047 272.81 .00006 exempt coverage for any conditions re­ Kassebaum lated to the circulatory system. He has insurance? Will they even admit us? Can our Kempt home never been hospitalized for his high home be taken away for non-payment of a Kennedy ..... ·· 1:875 .00031 1.699.27 .00028 large hospital bill? What are our options, we Kerrey blood pressure as it has been success­ Kerry ..... 1s:soo ·· ·:01275 11,619.99 ·····:00194 feel like we have none. Kohl ...... fully controlled with medication. We are willing to pay for health insurance, Krueger ...... The Gibsons are not alone in their di­ we aren't looking for a free ride. I will be Lautenberg .. . 3,598 .00046 2:048:21 ····:00026 lemma. Sue personally knows of sev­ Leahy . 5,250 .00921 1,047 .54 .00184 waiting for a reply from you and I hope you Levin . 2.050 .00022 462.85 .00005 eral other small business owners who have some answers. We need help and we Lieberman 28.275 .00862 4,329.43 .00132 are uninsured because they cannot af­ need it now. There are millions of other self­ Lott . Lugar 42,325 ···:00748 5,975.41 .00106 ford the cost of health insurance. The employed people who also need the same Mack . 49,325 .00366 9,084.90 .00067 high cost of health care coverage has questions answered, I hope some help will Mathews .. soon be available for all of us. Thank you. McCain forced small business owners across the McConnell .. State to sacrifice the peace of mind Mr. & Mrs. GERALD GIBSON, Sr.• Metzenbaum Mikulski . that health insurance brings in order Mitchell ...... 61 ,000 ·· :o49j9 8.676.22 .00703 to sustain the economic viability of Moseley-Braun .. . SENATE QUARTERLY MAIL COSTS Moynihan ····4u20 .00230 5.731.85 .00032 their business. This is a choice that • Mr. FORD. Mr. President, in accord­ Murkowski ...... small business owners should not have Murray ...... ance with section 318 of Public Law Nickles ...... ss:oos .01712 13,819 .91 .00430 to make. 101-520, I am submitting the summary Nunn ...... The strength of our economy depends Packwood ...... on the viability of our small busi­ tabulations of Senate mass mail costs Pell ...... for the second quarter of fiscal year Pressler .. . 9,300 .01308 1.751.87 .00246 nesses. Small business owners often Pryor 1993, that is the period of January 1, Reid ...... make great sacrifices to establish and ··:00080 1993, through March 31, 1993, to be Riegle ...... 37 ,056 .00393 7,547.70 maintain their businesses. The Gibsons Robb ...... told me in their letter, "We have stuck printed in the RECORD, along with the Rockefeller ...... quarterly statement from the U.S. Roth it out in the good times and the bad Sarbanes .. 3,250 .00066 980.06 ··:00020 times. We are willing to do this be­ . ~ostal Service setting forth the Sen­ Sasser ...... ate's total postage costs for the quar­ Shelby ...... cause having a small business, working Simon ...... 655,685 .05637 93,336.98 ·····:00802 hard, and seeing something grow from ter. Simpson ...... 23,560 .05056 3,232.68 .00694 The tabulations follow: Smith ...... it is what we enjoy doing. Isn't small Specter ...... ···514:soo .05117 88,277.61 .00735 Stevens ...... business what America is all about?" SENATE QUARTERLY MASS MAIL VOLUMES AND COSTS Thurmond Mr. President, many small businesses Wallop .. 10,190 .02187 1,925.03 ·· · ·:oo4i3 FOR THE QUARTER ENDING 03/31/93 Warner .... in America want to provide health care Wellstone 103,500 .02310 is:osD14 .00336 Wofford ...... benefits for themselves and their em­ Original Pieces Original Cost per Senators total per cap­ capita ployees but, like the Gibsons, find the pieces ita total cost Total costs to be prohibitive. It is clear that Other offices Total cost Akaka ...... pieces comprehensive health care reform is Baucus ...... needed to control the escalating cost of Bennett .. . The Vice President ...... May 21, 1993 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 10787

Other offices Total Total cost FRANKED MAIL POSTAL QUARTER II, FISCAL YEAR 1993- ation of Senate Resolution 111, intro­ pieces Continued duced earlier today by the majority The President pro-tempore and minority leaders, that the resolu­ The majority leader ...... Subcategories Pieces Rate Amount tion be agreed to, and the motion to re­ The minority leader ...... The assistant majority leader Total ...... 22 ,322 4.1875 93,473 consider be laid upon the table. The assistant minority leader .. ... The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Secretary of the majority conference . 4. Orange bag pouches: Secretary of the minority conference 1st class ...... 4,794 .3709 1,778 objection, it is so ordered. Agriculture Committee ...... Priority-up to 11 oz 77 2.8961 223 The resolution (S. Res. 111) was Appropriations Committee ...... Priority-over 11 oz .... 318 5.2233 1,661 Armed Services Committee ...... agreed to, as follows: Banking Committee Total 5,189 .7057 3,662 S. RES. lll Budget Comm ittee ...... Resolved, That-- Commerce Comm ittee 5. Agriculture bulletins: Energy Committee Isl class ...... SECTION 1. SENATE ETHICS STUDY COMMIS­ Environment Comm ittee .... . Priority-up to 11 oz SION.-(a) ESTABLISHMENT AND PURPOSES.­ Finance Committee ...... Priority-over 11 oz ...... There is established in the Senate the Ethics Foreign Relations Committee . 3d class ...... Governmental Affairs Committee . 4th class special (bulk) . Study Commission (hereinafter referred to Judiciary Committee ...... 4th class regular . 23 ·9:5652 220 as " Commission" ) for the purposes of- Labor Committee .. (1) conducting a study of rules and proce­ Rules Comm ittee ...... Total ...... 23 9.5652 220 dures relating to the Senate Select Commit­ Small Business Committee 6. Yearbooks: 4th class special (Bk) Veterans Affairs Committee (Total) . 1,792 1.4676 2,630 tee on Ethics; and Eth ics Committee .. .. . (2) taking such actions as may be required Indian Affairs Comm ittee . Intelligence Committee ...... 7. Other (odd size parcels) : to support the purposes specified in para­ Aging Committee ...... Priority-up to 11 oz .. graph (1). Joint Econom ic Comm ittee Priority-over 11 oz . ·717 ""35:4979 ··· 25:452 4th class special (bulk) (b) MEMBERSHIP.-The Commission shall be Joint Committee on Printing .. composed of the following members: JCMTE Congress inaug .... 4th class regular . 3,102 11.1863 34,700 Democratic policy committee Total 3,819 15.7507 60,152 (1) the Chairman of the Select Committee Democratic conference ...... on Ethics, who shall serve as Chairman of Total outside DC ...... 229,996 .5277 121 ,369 Republican policy committee . Permit imprint mailings: the Commission; Republican conference . (2) Legislative counsel Isl class single piece rate .. the Vice Chairman of the Select Com­ Legal counsel ...... 3d class bulk rate . ··7:401:403 .1179 872 ,779 mittee on Ethics; Parcel post- Pl ...... 162 8.8889 1,440 Secretary of the Senate ...... Isl class single piece-Pl ...... (3) the members of the Select Committee Sergeant at Arms ...... on Ethics; and Narcotics cau cus Address corrections (3547's) .. . 53 .3585 19 SCMTE POW/MIA . Address corrections (3d class) (4) such former members of the Select Mailing list corrections (10 Committee on Ethics (including current and names or less) ...... U.S. POSTAL SERVICE, Mailing list corrections (more former Members of the Senate) as the major­ Washington , DC, May 17, 1993. than 10 names) ity leader, in consultation with the minority Ma ilgrams: leader, shall recommend to be appointed by Hon. WENDELL H. FORD , IPA-international priority air- Chairman, Committee on Rules and Administra­ mail ...... the President pro tempore of the Senate. tion, U.S. Senate, Washington, DC. Mailing fees (registry, certified , (c) VACANCIES.-Vacancies in the member­ etc .) ...... ship of the Commission shall not affect the DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: Detailed data on Postage due/short paid mail .. 23 franked mail usage by the U.S. Senate for Permit fees ...... authority of the remaining members to con­ the second quarter, Fiscal Year 1993, is en­ Miscellaneous charges/adj ... duct the business of the Commission. closed. Total postage and fees for the quarter Express mail service . 259,314 (d) CONSTRUCTION .-Nothing in this resolu­ tion shall be construed as restricting the au­ is $2,269,952. Subtotal . 10,341 ,395 .2195 2,269,952 A summary of Senate franked mail usage, Adjustments thority of the Select Committee on Ethics or based upon the first two quarters of actual otherwise changing the authority of any Grand total 10,341 ,395 data for Fiscal Year 1993, is as follows: .2195 2,269,952• committee of the Senate . SEC. 2. SERVICES OF STAFF.-The Chairman Volume ...... 21 ,080,806 of the Commission may designate Senate Revenue per piece ...... $0.2480 Revenue ...... $5,227,977.00 staff to assist the Commission; however, no RESOLUTION RELATING TO THE additional staff shall be employed by the Provisional Payments to PURCHASE OF CALENDARS date ...... $10,000 ,000.00 Commission under the authority of this reso­ Excess in Provisional Pay­ Mr. BOREN. Mr. President, I ask lution. ments ...... $4,772,023.00 unanimous consent that the Senate SEC. 3. GENERAL AUTHORITY .-For the pur- poses of this resolution, the Commission­ The first two Postal Quarter results, when proceed to the immediate consider­ (a) is authorized in its discretion, projected to an annual figure based upon an ation of Calendar Order No. 69 (S. Res. (1) to hold hearings; adaptation of historical trends for Senate 110), a resolution relating to the pur­ (2) to sit and act at any time or place dur­ franked mail activity, provide the following chase of "We The People" calendars, ing the sessions, recesses, and adjourned pe­ estimates for FY 1993: that the resolution be agreed to, that riods of the Senate; and Volume ...... 69,080,248 (b) shall be deemed a committee of the Revenue Per Piece ...... $0.2101 the motion to reconsider be laid upon Senate for the conduct of hearings, including Total Revenue ...... $14,513,760 the table. for the purpose of having printed and bound Current Appropriation ...... $20,000,000 The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without the testimony and other data presented at Estimated Surplus ...... $5,486,240 objection, it is so ordered. such hearings. However, due to substantial deviations in The resolution (S. Res. 110) was SEC. 4. EXPENSES.-(a) In carrying out its Senate quarterly mailing patterns, these es­ agreed to, as follows: duties under the authority and purposes of timates are considered debatable. this resolution, from March 4, 1993 through S. RES. llO If you or your staff have any questions, December 31, 1993, the Commission is author­ please call Tom Galgano of my staff on (202) Resolved, That the Committee on Rules and ized to make such expenditures as may be 268-3255. Administration is authorized to expend from necessary from the Contingent Fund of the Sincerely, the contingent fund of the Senate, upon Senate. ALFRED CARREON, Jr., vouchers approved by the chairman of that (b) Expenditures from the Contingent Fund Manager, Post Office Accounting committee, not to exceed $76,960 for the pur­ shall be paid out of the appropriations ac­ Finance and Planning. chase of one hundred and four thousand 1994 count " Miscellaneous Items" upon vouchers " We The People" calendars. The calendars approved by the Chairman of the Commis­ FRANKED MAIL POSTAL QUARTER II, FISCAL YEAR 1993 shall be distributed as prescribed by the sion, except that vouchers shall not be re­ committee. quired for- Subcategories Pieces Rate Amount (1) the payment of expenses for stationery I. Letters: 1st class (Total) . 2,571.156 $0.2919 $750 ,520 supplies purchased through the Keeper of the 2. Flats: 1st class (Total) ...... 105,480 .9893 104,351 AUTHORIZING THE SENATE Stationery, United States Senate; ETHICS STUDY COMMISSION (2) the payment of expenses for postage of 3. Parcels: the Postmaster, United States Senate; Priority-up to 11 oz ...... Mr. BOREN. Mr. President, I ask Priority-over 11 oz ...... 9,567 ··· x5541 . '43:569 (3) the payment of metered charges on 4th class- regular ...... 12,755 3.9125 49,904 unanimous consent that the Senate copying equipment provided by the Sergeant proceed to the immediate consider- at Arms, United States Senate; or 10788 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE May 21, 1993 (4) the payment of expenses for tele­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without minutes each; that at 2 p.m., the Sen­ communication services provided by the objection, it is so ordered. ate resume consideration of S. 3, the Telecommunications Department, Sergeant Congressional Spending Limit and at Arms. United States Senate. SEC. 5. REPORT.-The Commission shall re­ Election Reform Act of 1993. port its findings and recommendations to the ORDERS FOR MONDAY, MAY 24, The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Majority Leader and the Minority Leader 1993 objection, it is so ordered. upon the conclusion of its study. Mr. BOREN. Mr. President, on behalf SEC. 6. TERMINATION.-The provisions of this resolution shall be deemed effective of the majority leader, I ask unani­ mous consent that when the Senate March 4, 1993, and shall terminate on Decem­ RECESS UNTIL MONDAY, MAY 24, ber 31, 1993. completes its business today, it stand in recess until the hour of 1:30 p.m. on 1993, AT 1:30 P.M. Monday, May 24; that following the Mr. BOREN. Mr. President, if there RECORD TO REMAIN OPEN UNTIL prayer, the Journal of proceedings be be no further business to come before 3 P.M. approved to date and that the time for the Senate today, I now ask unanimous Mr. BOREN. Mr. President, I ask the two leaders be reserved for their consent that the Senate stand in recess unanimous consent that the RECORD re­ use later in the day; that there then be as previously ordered. main open today until 3 p.m. for the in­ a period of morning business not to ex­ There being no objection, the Senate, troduction of legislation and state­ tend beyond 2 p.m., with Senators per­ at 1:40 p.m., recessed until Monday, ments. mitted to speak therein for up to 5 May 24, 1993, at 1:30 p.m.