44 PHYSICAL OBSERVATIONSOFMARSDURINGTHEOPPOSITION1888,AT VOL. VIII. fornia onJune1.PrevioustothistimeMr.Keelerwas Lick ObservatorywastransferredtotheUniversity6fCali- and heutilizedallopportunitiesforobservationinmakinga ing ofMarshasbeenmade,eitherbymyself,Mr.Schae- the onlymemberofastronomicalstaffatObservatory, berle, orMr.Keeler.Alistofallthedrawingsmade machinists andothersonthedomeelevatingfloorwas already beenprintedintheAstronomicalJournal. series ofmeasuresthesatellitesMars,whichhave I desiretoexpressmyobligationMr.Marthfortheex- sufficiently advancedtoallowofregularobservations. order oflongitudethecentralmeridianeachdrawing. July 18885P.S.T. follows : Aug. 1722 1888AJ 8. . .97H The oppositionof'MarstookplaceApril11,1888. It wasnotuntilJuly16,however,thattheworkof Plate Igivesaseriesofthesedrawingsarrangedinthe On everysuitablenightsincethattimeatleastonedraw- u u 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 26 810 25 820“ 31 724“ 25 745 44 44 10 730 27 800 26 821 2L8 13 20 -“ 29 728 19 825“ 8 733 5 740 5 728 2 723 9 830 9 738 E. S.H. h. m ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL. © American Astronomical Society 44 July 16900P.S.T. Aug. 1752 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 23 845 20 - 18 850 44 44 44 25 750 17 925 10 800 26 910 25 840 24 845 19 900 29 752 J. M.S. 8 735 9 803 5 820 2 800 h. m THE LICEOBSERVATORY, BOSTON, 1888SEPTEMBER14. July 23845P.S.T. 44 44 44 44 44 24 845 27 815 26 840 25 800 29 820 J. E.K. By EDWARDS.HOLDEN. h m No. 181. THE 4 ;/ positions ofthevariousmarkingsdisc.Noattempt to formamapoftheplanetbaseduponourowmwork. at pictorialrepresentationismade. stances didnotpermitofmoreexactdeterminationsthe as theycouldbemadebyeyeestimationsalone.Circum- and tosystematizesuchobservationsasthese. from hishand,andwhichhavedonesomuchtostimulate cellent ephemeridesofMarswhichhaveregularlyappeared important evidencerelatingtothecanalsofM.Schiaparelli, Still itappearstomethatthedrawingsheregiven,present opposition, andthatitwillbenecessarytowaituntil1890 Hall. first time. F. Terby,andprintedinMémoiresCouronnésdeVAcademie the 26-inchequatorialatWashingtonin1875,1877and available fortheseobservationsuntilthreemonthsafter only ¿asbrightatthetimeofdiscoverybyProfessor them weremadewhenthediscofplanetwaslessthan Schiaparelli. Theothertwofiguresareprintedforthe paratively unknowninAmerica,althoughtheyareinterest- Royale deBelgique,tomeXXXI(1880);buttheyarecom- and tothesubmergenceofcontinent”Libyareported it wasonly.22ofitsbrilliancyatmeanopposition,and jective wascooledtothetemperatureofsurroundingair. of themweremadeintheearlyeveningbeforelargeob- ably completerepresentationofthediscwhenunfavor- ing asconfirmingsomeofthediscoveriesProfessor and confirmedbyM.PerrotininMaylast. able circumstancesoftheoppositionareconsidered.All ployed accordingtothevariousconditionsofvision. Magnifying powersof350to700diametershavebeenem- 9, andwhenthezenithdistancewasnearly60°;all 1879. ThefirstfiveofthesewereredrawnbyMonsieur Provided bytheNASA Astrophysics DataSystem Plate IIgivessevendrawingsofMarsmadebymewith The drawingsthemselvesaresimplediagrams,asaccurate It isveryunfortunatethatthegreattelescopewasnot The twenty-onedrawingsofPlateI(1888)formareason- The innersatellite(Phobos)wasseenonJuly18,when NO. 13* 88AJ 8 . 97H m I .j0j* r^r-nr. J*nx7>/j ÜJS* **x \L. 'kll- !"*■0*1»u,turf* © American Astronomical Society •Provided bytheNASA Astrophysics DataSystem M~ct^ J •i h*Üy ot>at I \*xjr —rr^ * ‘VT-^y+tv J ítuc■ Jlsf.ii.fc~ ir».«í,®fWftdi 2¿oümc4s. Bl/m'ivrim.tf "Xe. -iAT«iwn_ly £ Awafi r.Tefl,^ Jiwu2^ 4 X« 4ä;«Ä,^^. 7¿í-PxA£¿j?. 9 c0° . !• fi,4 ÄI ^tn¿f ,3**«îi.ÍmJ«^ J-«*»« K*^A/ 3**+jtr v*t^fi+mr. a-4 •/MULS^j>*i'/uT-.. W> * c~ »» ;íVm£¿±- à* Mj,*°+tj'. ~WP l. , fwpxi.cm. LrL à*._j ^*o, /mJLj^M,7V* 'M~mx~njtn-ti*. c.j.H. je*:/*, *¿jtr. lrí ^ ■v ->: WUj « i 4; L. ¡Mr. s- 1~Ws, ^.+xr. 7*Äw wfe^ fer— jfit d-o^~k4p.dLth,e.z~3-t~aJl Plate I. ¿fer 7.fe-/-’.; fe cfew, . ír- «fe x -si*’r :k Plate. II. 1*77etlU^cjx*tioio'.SrSX \ ‘jo’ty.Z?-* L JLX. ^/ <}so~'W¿UÍ^t^. l ■Mza ,iai,•¿trPstfÍ.M. JLrtXjJjUymr 4. ;i*ÍA-,. i ff/f44*V*UjLjiJ. l r*~ 5. ;*u¿. *. 04* tvJu. ¿X<;?£, V» * XtH’j'.jf. ■y«+*/*. \. jxr* JTJX. i f ¿: !ut e; Y“*—¿ •fe /áT?í./lVW^ i** í ;M«u¿L*3,uih4^.4 r4 {¿uútjuS ^*'■ wí “^''‘rj ^=í«r,.^.-‘ \^3ír (Tr e.iM ,v —«'»-SV' tía 4 JL^nuAyjy.gtjtrnh. £^ff. » ¡w^j"b — i^i«4.A. S ;V>«jLyjíh. - T7»*' ?v ^. i r^- fÁ+~*J ¿,JL¿tur¿5* /#rl 1888AJ 8. . . 97H u pair. canals andbythespaceseparatingmembersofeach agreement witheachother,andofwhichdiffersma- July 26,25,26),whichexhibitthis here shownothingbeforeJuly16.Afterthatdatewehave M. Schiaparelli'smapwhichareoccupiedbypairsof have beensketchedasbroadbandscoveringthespaceson any ofthemdouble,althoughmanythemoreimportant 98 two yearsago,doesnotexistto-day"(AprilandMay, terially fromtheobservationsmadeatNiceduringApril, were madewithdifficulty.Onlythefirstisofmuchvalue.The observations havebeencorrectedfordifferentialrefractionandthe marking invariousaspects,allofwhicharesubstantial eight drawings(July31,July29,27, essentially theforminwhichitwasdrawnbyM.Schia- and May,asgiveninL'AstronomieforJune1888,page214. figure ofthedisk. 1888). With regardtothecanalsitappearsthatwehavenotseen The eightdrawingsabovementionedshowit,however,in With regardtothe“continent"Libyaobservations M. PerrotinsaysthatLibya,whichwasplainlyvisible Mount Hamilton,1888August17. Note. —Theresiduals(C—O)werefoundbycomparingwithMarth’s ephemeris.Phoboswasbarelyvisible,andtheobservations © American Astronomical Society •Provided bytheNASA Astrophysics DataSystem 1888 Apr.7 1888 Mar.30 Date Apr. 4 May 26 25 20 16 11 13 11 8 8 6 5 2 10 31. 11 5. 10 44.3 11 21.3 11 19.1 12 41.4 12 16.1 10 4.3 11 10 10.7 10 42.2 W.M.T. 8 9 9 9 h m [Communicated bytheSuperintendentofNavalObservatory.] 39,7 53.2 13.1 19.4 0.5 THE ASTRONOMICALJOURNAL. (297. ) OBSERVATIONS ONMARS, 301.5 304.13 128.9 124.6 306.51 122.91 303.31 292.27 296.03 118.11 292.61 125.97 130.71 127.65 Observations optheSatellites. ( +19.59) + 6.58 + 11.74 4- 5.76 + Ap 0-53 0.54 0.43 0.40 0.26 0.27 0.02 0.55 0.26 1.02 0.11 By A.HALL. Deimos. Phobos. 12 11 29.3 12 10 11 11 10 W.M.T. 9 9 9 9 44 h working ofthegreattelescopeonMarsandotherobjects to knowthatitspowersareamplyadequateunderfavorable highly unfavorableconditionsunderwhichourworkonMars find anyimportantchangesinthecontinent"Libya.At this oppositionwehaveseennodoublecanal,anddonot the evidenceofourworkgoes,itmaybesaidthatduring most importantdegree,andtwosuchshouldpresentuswith to furnishthemostconclusiveevidenceonthesehighlyinter- conditions ;andweconfidentlyexpectthenexttwooppositions has beendone.Wehave,however,seenenoughofthe the sametimenooneismoresensiblethanmyselfof PARELLi in1877and1878,pottospeakoflaterdrawings. a mapoftheplanet,whichmayfairlybecalledcomplete. to perfectourknowledgeofthetopographyMarsa this yearthanwasdone,buttheopportunitiesofevena the LickObservatorybeginsatsolateadate;butfaras It ismuchtoberegrettedthattheseriesofdrawingsat esting questions.Nomorecouldhavebeendonehereduring single favorableopposition,diligentlyimproved,willsuffice 48.7 28.4 52.4 27.1 27.9 22.6 18.2 12.3 1.3 7.5 20.70 49.67 50.21 50.51 48.69 52.81 51.26 52.81 53.73 52.78 51.55 —0.24 —0.10 —0.84 —1.10 —0.89 —1.15 + 0.21 + 0.18 + 0.02 + 0.52 -0.46 As Extremely faint Very faint Estimated, clockfails Extremely faint Extremely faint Very faint Haze, veryfaint Faint Faint Extremely faint Faint Bemarks N°- 181.