I ROAMING FREE LIKE a DEER: BUDDHISM and the NATURAL
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Of Becoming and Remaining Vegetarian
Wang, Yahong (2020) Vegetarians in modern Beijing: food, identity and body techniques in everyday experience. PhD thesis. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/77857/ Copyright and moral rights for this work are retained by the author A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge This work cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Enlighten: Theses https://theses.gla.ac.uk/ [email protected] Vegetarians in modern Beijing: Food, identity and body techniques in everyday experience Yahong Wang B.A., M.A. Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Social and Political Sciences College of Social Sciences University of Glasgow March 2019 1 Abstract This study investigates how self-defined vegetarians in modern Beijing construct their identity through everyday experience in the hope that it may contribute to a better understanding of the development of individuality and self-identity in Chinese society in a post-traditional order, and also contribute to understanding the development of the vegetarian movement in a non-‘Western’ context. It is perhaps the first scholarly attempt to study the vegetarian community in China that does not treat it as an Oriental phenomenon isolated from any outside influence. -
A Non-Violent Politics? Vegetarianism, Religion, and the State in Eighteenth-Century Western India
Divya Cherian, Draft: Please do not cite or quote without the author’s permission. A Non-Violent Politics? Vegetarianism, Religion, and the State in Eighteenth-Century Western India Divya Cherian Mellon Postdoctoral Fellow Rutgers Center for Historical Analysis Scholarly discussions of the place of non-human animals in Hindu and Jain ethics, ritual, and everyday life generally place the principle of ahimsā or non-injury at the very center. An adherence to non-injury is an ethical injunction imposed by these two major South Asian religions (in addition to Buddhism) upon their practitioners. In principle, the Jain, Buddhist, and Vaishnav insistence upon non-injury is a universal one, that is, their ethical codes do not make a distinction between human and non-human animals as objects of compassion and non-injury. At the same time, Hindu and Jain attitudes towards animals are complex, even inconsistent. While in certain respects, neither Hindu nor Jain thought draws a distinction between the jiv (soul) of a human and a non-human, both religions do in other contexts differentiate among and hierarchize different types of beings. Taking differences in the potential to attain liberation from the cycle of birth-death-rebirth as the metric, both Jainism and Hinduism place humans at the pinnacle of a hierarchical conception of life forms. Despite this complexity in their approach to the distinction between humans and animals, the law codes of Jainism and several strands of Hinduism nonetheless enjoin upon their followers an adherence to non-injury towards all life forms. This however was not always the case. -
219 No Animal Food
219 No Animal Food: The Road to Veganism in Britain, 1909-1944 Leah Leneman1 UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH There were individuals in the vegetarian movement in Britain who believed that to refrain from eating flesh, fowl, and fish while continuing to partake of dairy products and eggs was not going far enough. Between 1909 and 1912, The Vegetarian Society's journal published a vigorous correspond- ence on this subject. In 1910, a publisher brought out a cookery book entitled, No Animal Food. After World War I, the debate continued within the Vegetarian Society about the acceptability of animal by-products. It centered on issues of cruelty and health as well as on consistency versus expediency. The Society saw its function as one of persuading as many people as possible to give up slaughterhouse products and also refused journal space to those who abjured dairy products. The year 1944 saw the word "vergan" coined and the breakaway Vegan Society formed. The idea that eating animal flesh is unhealthy and morally wrong has been around for millennia, in many different parts of the world and in many cultures (Williams, 1896). In Britain, a national Vegetarian Society was formed in 1847 to promulgate the ideology of non-meat eating (Twigg, 1982). Vegetarianism, as defined by the Society-then and now-and by British vegetarians in general, permitted the consumption of dairy products and eggs on the grounds that it was not necessary to kill the animal to obtain them. In 1944, a group of Vegetarian Society members coined a new word-vegan-for those who refused to partake of any animal product and broke away to form a separate organization, The Vegan Society. -
HRC Study of Current & Former Vegetarians & Vegans
Photo: Jo-Anne McArthur/We Animals Study of Vegans Currentand and FormerVegetarians ! Team: Kathryn Asher, Che Green, Dr Hans Gutbrod, Mirna Jewell, Dr Galina Hale & Dr Brock Bastian • Sponsors: Animal Welfare Trust, VegFund, FARM & Stephen !Kaufman, MD • Acknowledgements: Jack Norris, Nick Cooney & Matt Bear! © Humane Research Council 2014 initial findings initial • december 2014 december !Introduction! This HRC study estimates the number of current and former vegetarians/vegans and examines potential factors in people’s decisions to either adopt or give up a vegetarian or vegan diet. Given the large and complex nature of the study, the findings are being released in phases. This first set of findings compares individuals who currently eat a vegetarian or vegan diet with those who have been vegetarian or vegan in the past but now consume meat. These are early and correlational findings and so have limitations. The full methodology, including the stringent criteria used to identify current and former vegetarians/vegans, is presented in the Companion to the Initial Findings report, released alongside this document. The companion document also includes detailed tables. The study’s sample is very large (over 11,000 respondents) and is generally representative of those aged 17 and over in the U.S. While others have estimated the number of current vegetarians/vegans using a representative sample, this study is the first to estimate the number of former vegetarians/vegans in the U.S. using a representative sample.! ! Key Takeaways & Recommendations (based on what we see in the data at this initial stage)! In the U.S., there are more than five times the number of former vegetarians/vegans compared to current vegetarians/vegans. -
The Wisdom of the Unsayable in the Chinese Tradition Karl-Heinz Pohl
3 The Wisdom of the Unsayable in the Chinese Tradition Karl-Heinz Pohl Concerning Eastern teachings such as Daoism, Buddhism, and Confucianism, there is often widespread confusion about how these are to be classified—as religion or as philosophy. This problem, however, is culturally homemade: the distinction between religion and philosophy based on European cultural tradi- tions often does not apply when we leave our culture behind. Thus, the Eastern teachings, which are often referred to as “wisdom religions” (e.g. by Hans Küng), are either religion and philosophy or neither religion nor philosophy; whichever way you prefer ideologically. As is well known, there is a certain “family resemblance” (as Wittgenstein would put it) between Daoism and Buddhism. There is, however, very little that connects these Asian philosophies and religions with the European tradition emanating from Greco-Roman and Christian thought. This does not mean that their philosophemes would be fundamentally alien to the Europeans: at most they do not belong to the European mainstream. So the family resemblance could certainly be extended to certain European philoso- phers and schools: There is in Europe a tradition—from the pre-Socratics through the apophatic theology and mysticism of the Middle Ages to existen- tialism and philosophy of language of modernity—that has very much in common with Daoism and Buddhism. Hence, a blend of selected passages from Heraclitus (cf. Wohlfart 1998: 24–39), Neo-Pythagoreanism, Sextus Empiricus, Gnosticism, Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite, Nicholas of Cusa, Meister Eckhart, Jacob Boehme, Montaigne, Hegel (cf. Wohlfart 1998: 24–39), Heidegger, Wittgenstein, Derrida, et al. -
Deep Vegetarianism
CHAPTER A Historical-Ph ilosophical Overview 1. Learning from the History of Vegetarianism Two approaches to the history of ideas have relevance to the topic of vegetarianism. One of these is the view, suggested by William James (1842-1910), that theories pass through three “classic” stages: “First, you know, a new theory is attacked as absurd; then it is admitted to be true, but obvious and in- significant; finally it is seen to be so important that its adver- saries claim that they themselves discovered it.”’ James’s metatheory about theories may be applied to ideas equally well. A catchy but oversimplified formula, it derives its force from the notions that the truth will triumph, and that a baptism by fire must first be endured by positions that initially defy con- ventional wisdom, human prejudices, or vested interests. Usual examples include such theories as the fundamental equality of all human beings, the heliocentric solar system, the evolution of species, and the nonexistence of absolute truth. While some 1 2 Chapter 1 might contend that vegetarianism is an idea whose time has ar- rived, it seems unlikely that, even if this were so, such a claim could be construed as implying that vegetarianism has passed through all of these stages, let alone the first. Vegetarianism-long well-established in the East-is no longer being ignored in the West by such prominent portions of society as opinion-makers, publishers, and the service sector, but it is still frequently subject to ridicule and hostile/aggres- sive or suspicious/skeptical interrogation. It is somewhat easier to place attitudes toward vegetarianism on a scale of develop- ment or evolution if we acknowledge that the broader concept of animals as beings having or deserving moral status-an ini- portant ground for vegetarianism-is itself in its infancy in terms of social acceptance, normative affirmation, and public advocacy. -
Platform Sutra of the Sixth Patriarch
THE PLATFORM SUTRA OF THE SIXTH PATRIARCH THE TEXT OF THE TUN-HUANG MANUSCRIPT with TRANSLATION, INTRODUCTION, AND NOTES by PHILIP B. YAMPOLSKY NEW YORK AND LONDON COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PRESS 1967 Philip B. Yampolsky is a Lecturer in Japanese at Columbia University Copyright @ 1967 Columbia University Press Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 67-11847 Manufactured in the United States of America Southern School Sudden Doctrine, Supreme Ma- hayZna Great Perfection of wisdom: The Plat- form Sutra' preached by the Sixth Patriarch Hui-neng at the la-fan Temple2in Shao-do@,3 one roll, recorded by the spreader of the Dharma, the disciple Fa-L~ai,~who at the same time re- ceived the Precepts of Formlessness 1. The Master Hui-neng ascended the high seat at the lecture hall of the Ta-fan Temple and expounded the Dharma of the Great Perfection of Wisdom, and transmitted the precepts of formlessness. At that time over ten thousand monks, nuns, and lay followers sat before him. The prefect of Shao-chou, Wei C~'U,~some thirty officials from various T'an-ching. The precise meaning of t'an has been a subject of debate. Hu Shih. "An Appeal for a Systematic Search in Japan for Long-hidden T'ang Dynasty Source Materials of the Early History of Zen Buddhism," BukkyG to bunka, p. 16, equates the term with the Sanskrit ddna (gift, donation). In the Li-tai fa-pao chi, ~51,p. 185b, however, we find the following statement: "The monk Shen-hui of the Ho-tse Temple in the Eastern capital (Loyang) would each month construct a platform place and de- liver sermons to the people." Furthermore, Ch'i-sung, in the Chia-chu fu-chiao-pien T'an- ching yao-i, a commentary on his own essay, the T'an-ching tsan (contained in ch. -
Vegetarianism
THEMATIC ARTICLES 10.12957/demetra.2013.6609 Vegetarianism Elaine de Azevedo1 Abstract 1 Department of Social Sciences. Center of Human This conceptual research analyzes the different aspects that and Natural Sciences. Federal University of support the proposal of vegetarianism in order to show the Espírito Santo. Vitória, ES, Brazil. complexity of dietary and cultural established practices and Correspondence stimulate further studies in the country. A literature review Elaine de Azevedo was conducted, using authors of different areas. The article Departamento de Ciências Sociais. Centro de shows the controversies that involve the researches about the Ciências Humanas e Naturais. Universidade nutritional value of the vegetarian diets and the relationship Federal do Espírito Santo – UFES Prédio administrativo do CCHN – Térreo (primeiro between vegetarianism and health; it emphasizes the need piso) – Goiabeiras to consider the profile of the researched population and 29075-910 – Vitória, ES, Brasil the multiplicity of the healthy diet concepts. The socio- E-mail: [email protected] environmental impacts of current industrial practices endorse the importance of supporting sustainable systems that promote animal welfare and health and point to the need to reduce meat consumption. Under the cultural approach, vegetarianism shows up as a cultural practice that embraces the most complex humans’ needs and choices and puts feminism, sexism and culture-nature relationship back on the agenda. This food trend tends to gain more supporters, as well as the attention of experts who should consider this cultural perspective of vegetarianism and expand the reductionist parameters of nutritional adequacy, which prevails in the nutritional science. Key words: Vegetarianism. Nutritive Value. Culture. -
Vegetarian Diet: an Overview Through the Perspective of Quality of Life Domains
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Review Vegetarian Diet: An Overview through the Perspective of Quality of Life Domains Shila Minari Hargreaves 1,*, António Raposo 2,* , Ariana Saraiva 3 and Renata Puppin Zandonadi 1 1 Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia (UnB), Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasilia, DF 70910-900, Brazil; [email protected] 2 CBIOS (Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies), Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal 3 Department of Animal Pathology and Production, Bromatology and Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña s/n, 35413 Arucas, Spain; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (S.M.H.); [email protected] (A.R.); Tel.: +55-61-981863262 (S.M.H.) Abstract: Vegetarianism has gained more visibility in recent years. Despite the well-described effects of a vegetarian diet on health, its influence on the quality of life of the individuals who follow it still needs to be properly investigated. Quality of life relates to a subjective perception of well-being and functionality, and encompasses four main life domains: physical, psychological, social, and environmental. The adoption of a vegetarian diet, despite being a dietary pattern, could potentially influence and be influenced by all of these domains, either positively or negatively. This review aims to present an overview of the background, conceptualization, features, and potential effects of vegetarianism in all quality of life domains. The choice of adopting a vegetarian diet could have positive outcomes, such as better physical health, positive feelings related to the adoption Citation: Hargreaves, S.M.; Raposo, of a morally correct attitude, an increased sense of belonging (to a vegetarian community), and A.; Saraiva, A.; Zandonadi, R.P. -
Vegetarianism and Human Health
Vegetarianism and Human Health Usha R. Palaniswamy SUMMARY. Vegetarianism dates back to a time before recorded history and, as many anthropolo- gists believe, most early humans ate primarily plant foods, being more gatherers than hunters. Human diets may be adopted for a variety of reasons, including political, esthetic, moral, environmental and economic concerns, religious beliefs, and a desire to consume a more healthy diet. A major factor influencing the vegetarianism movement in the present time is primarily associated with better health. Epidemiologic data support the association between high intake of vegetables and fruit and low risk of chronic diseases and provide evidence to the profound and long-term health benefits of a primarily vegetarian diet. Vegetables and fruit are rich sources of nutrients, vitamins, minerals, and dietary fiber as well as biologically active nonnutrient compounds that have a complementary and often multiple mechanisms of actions, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, hypocholesterolemic, and hypolipidemic properties, and mechanisms that stimulate the human immune system. Because of the critical link established between diet and health, consumers have begun to view food as a means of self-care for health promotion and disease prevention. Functional foods are targeted to address specific health concerns, such as high cholesterol or high blood sugar levels, to obtain a desired health benefit. Functional properties identified in a number of plant species have led to a modern day renaissance for the vegetarian movement. t is often asserted that humans are naturally vegetarian because the human body resembles plant eaters, not carnivores. However, Ihumans are omnivores, capable of eating either meat or plant foods, or general feeders, with more generalized anatomical and physi- ological traits. -
Volume Xxxi, Number 7, 2021
VEGETARIAN NUTRITION UpdateUpdate VOLUME XXXI, NUMBER 7, 2021 VEGETARIAN NUTRITION UPDATE VOLUME XXXI, NUMBER 6, 2020 IN THIS ISSUE! 3 Message From The Academy 4 Message From The Chair 5 From the Guest Editor 6 Vegetarianism and The Principles of Ahimsa 10 Understanding Privilege in the Vegetarian and Plant-Based Diet Movement 2020-2021 Executive Committee and Officers 14 Health Equity in Dietetics Practice 16 Practicing Antiracism in our Food and Health Care Systems 18 Diversity & Inclusion Column 20 State Coordinator Spotlight 21 House of Delegates Update 21 Policy and Advocacy Leader (PAL) Update 22 Why Public Policy and Advocacy Matters 23 Meet Our Members 25 Book Review 27 Have You Read? 29 2020-2021 Executive Committee and Officers SUBMISSION INFORMATION We welcome submissions and articles from our members. Please contact the editor. SPRING 2021 ISSUE: May 20, 2021 RETURN ADDRESS INFORMATION: Deborah Murphy 2574 W. Lyndale St. #2 Chicago, IL 60647 E-MAIL: [email protected] PUBLICATION TEAM GUEST EDITOR: Sahra Pak, MS, RD, CPT SUBSCRIPTION INFORMATION EDITOR: Deborah Murphy, MS, RDN SUBSCRIPTION YEAR RUNS JUNE 1 - MAY 31. Individuals not eligible for Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics EDITORIAL STAFF: membership may subscribe by sending a check for $30 Linda Arpino, MA, RDN, CND, FAND payable to The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Catherine Conway, MS, RDN, CDN, CDCES DPG-14. Checks should be sent to: Kim Pierce, MS, RD, LDN, CDCES Timaree Hagenburger, MPH, RD, ACSM EP-c Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics c/o Linda Flanagan Parul Kharod, MS, RD, LDN 120 South Riverside Plaza, Suite 2190 Virginia Messina, MPH, RD Chicago, IL 60606-6995 Sheetal Parikh, MS, RDN, LDN Katya Galbis, RD, LD A Dietetic Practice Group of the Academy of Nutrition REVIEWERS: and Dietetics. -
Nutrients of Concern for Individuals Following a Plant-Based Diet Continuing Education Content Provided By
Special Continuing Education Supplement June 2014 The Magazine for Nutrition Professionals FREE CE COURSE Nutrients of Concern for Individuals Following a Plant-Based Diet Continuing education content provided by Includes recipes from Sweet and Spicy Vegetarian Chili page 10 www.bushbeansfoodservice.com CPE COURSE Defining Plant-Based Diets The Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee says a plant- based diet emphasizes vegetables, cooked dry beans and peas, fruits, whole grains, nuts, and seeds.6 Vegans don’t eat animal products, including dairy and eggs. Vegetarians (also known as lacto-ovo vegetarians) don’t eat meat but do eat dairy and eggs; pescatarians (or pesco-vegetarians) eat fish but no other meats; and semivegetarians (or flexitarians) occasionally eat fish, poultry, or meat. Of course, many people call themselves vegetarians but follow eating patterns that diverge from these definitions. For example, some people may be nearly vegan, eating dairy and eggs only on rare occasions, and some may call themselves vegetarians but still eat small amounts of meat. Since there are many variations of a plant-based diet, it’s important for health professionals, including dietitians, to establish a person’s true eating pattern to accurately assess nutritional intake and status.7 Brief History of Plant-Based Eating While plant-based eating may appear to be a new trend, it actually dates back to ancient times. Claus Leitzmann, PhD, a retired professor from Justus Liebig Universitat in Germany, NUTRIENTS OF CONCERN spoke on the history of vegetarianism at the Sixth Interna- tional Congress on Vegetarian Nutrition in February 2013. He FOR INDIVIDUALS FOLLOWING reported that ancient cultures, including those in Egypt, China, A PLANT-BASED DIET India, Peru, and Mexico, ate a predominantly plant-based diet.