Oak Lake Field Station Bird Observation 1995-2009
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Why So Many Kinds of Passerine Birds?
Letters • Why so many kinds of passerine birds? Raikow and Bledsoe (2000), in em- Slud 1976). It is unreasonable to assume the list of possible reasons for passerine bracing the null model of Slowinski that there is no underlying biological rea- success, but I would place more empha- and Guyer (1989a, 1989b), may perhaps son for this pattern and for the major sis on it than he did. be said literally to have added nothing turnover in avifaunas in the Northern It is difficult to discuss the nest-bufld- to the Kst of suggestions for why there are Hemisphere in favor of passerines after ing capabilities of passerines without re- so many species of passerine birds. When the Oligocène. sorting to anthropomorphisms such as Raikow (1986) addressed this problem Reproductive adaptations presumably "clever" or "ingenious." Is it not mar- previously and could find no key mor- made the holometabolous insects velous, however, that a highly special- phological adaptations to explain the di- (Coleóptera, Díptera, Hymenoptera, ized aerial feeder such as a cliff swallow versity of Passeriformes, the so-called Lepidoptera, and so on) the dominant (Hirundo pyrrhonota), with tiny, weak songbirds or perching birds, he despaired clade of organisms on earth. Likewise, it bill and feet, can fashion a complex nest and suggested that the problem may be appears that reproductive adaptations, out of gobs of mud fastened to a flat, only "an accident of classificatory his- not morphology, are responsible for the vertical surface? What adjective suffices tory," which brought on a storm of protest dominance of passerine birds over other to describe the nest of tailorbirds {Systematic Zoology 37: 68-76; 41: 242- orders of birds. -
Brown2009chap67.Pdf
Swifts, treeswifts, and hummingbirds (Apodiformes) Joseph W. Browna,* and David P. Mindella,b Hirundinidae, Order Passeriformes), and between the aDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology & University nectivorous hummingbirds and sunbirds (Family Nec- of Michigan Museum of Zoology, 1109 Geddes Road, University tariniidae, Order Passeriformes), the monophyletic sta- b of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1079, USA; Current address: tus of Apodiformes has been well supported in all of the California Academy of Sciences, 55 Concourse Drive Golden Gate major avian classiA cations since before Fürbringer (3). Park, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA *To whom correspondence should be addressed (josephwb@ A comprehensive historical review of taxonomic treat- umich.edu) ments is available (4). Recent morphological (5, 6), genetic (4, 7–12), and combined (13, 14) studies have supported the apodiform clade. Although a classiA cation based on Abstract large DNA–DNA hybridization distances (4) promoted hummingbirds and swiJ s to the rank of closely related Swifts, treeswifts, and hummingbirds constitute the Order orders (“Trochiliformes” and “Apodiformes,” respect- Apodiformes (~451 species) in the avian Superorder ively), the proposed revision does not inP uence evolu- Neoaves. The monophyletic status of this traditional avian tionary interpretations. order has been unequivocally established from genetic, One of the most robustly supported novel A ndings morphological, and combined analyses. The apodiform in recent systematic ornithology is a close relation- timetree shows that living apodiforms originated in the late ship between the nocturnal owlet-nightjars (Family Cretaceous, ~72 million years ago (Ma) with the divergence Aegothelidae, Order Caprimulgiformes) and the trad- of hummingbird and swift lineages, followed much later by itional Apodiformes. -
Birds of Prey (Accipitriformes and Falconiformes) of Serra De Itabaiana National Park, Northeastern Brazil
Acta Brasiliensis 4(3): 156-160, 2020 Original Article http://revistas.ufcg.edu.br/ActaBra http://dx.doi.org/10.22571/2526-4338416 Birds of prey (Accipitriformes and Falconiformes) of Serra de Itabaiana National Park, Northeastern Brazil Cleverton da Silvaa* i , Cristiano Schetini de Azevedob i , Juan Ruiz-Esparzac i , Adauto de Souza d i Ribeiro h a Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracajú, São Cristóvão, 49100-100, Sergipe, Brasil. *[email protected] b Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Biomas Tropicais, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, 35400-000, Minas Gerais, Brasil. c Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Nossa Senhora da Glória, 49680-000, Sergipe, Brasil. d Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracajú, São Cristóvão, 49100-100, Sergipe, Brasil. Received: June 20, 2020 / Accepted: August 27, 2020/ Published online: September 28, 2020 Abstract Birds of prey are important for maintaining ecosystems, since they can regulate the populations of vertebrates and invertebrates. However, anthropic activities, like habitat fragmentation, have been decreasing the number of birds of prey, affecting the habitat ecological relations and, decreasing biodiversity. Our objective was to evaluate species of birds of prey (Accipitriformes and Falconiformes) in a protected area of the Atlantic forest in northeastern Brazil. The area was sampled for 17 months using fixed points and walking along a pre-existing trail. Birds of prey were classified by their Punctual Abundance Index, threat status and forest dependence. Sixteen birds of prey were recorded, being the most common Rupornis magnirostris and Caracara plancus. Most species were considered rare in the area and not dependent of forest vegetation. -
Similarities in Body Size Distributions of Small-Bodied Flying Vertebrates
Evolutionary Ecology Research, 2004, 6: 783–797 Similarities in body size distributions of small-bodied flying vertebrates Brian A. Maurer,* James H. Brown, Tamar Dayan, Brian J. Enquist, S.K. Morgan Ernest, Elizabeth A. Hadly, John P. Haskell, David Jablonski, Kate E. Jones, Dawn M. Kaufman, S. Kathleen Lyons, Karl J. Niklas, Warren P. Porter, Kaustuv Roy, Felisa A. Smith, Bruce Tiffney and Michael R. Willig National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS), Working Group on Body Size in Ecology and Paleoecology, 735 State Street, Suite 300, Santa Barbara, CA 93101-5504, USA ABSTRACT Since flight imposes physical constraints on the attributes of a flying organism, it is expected that the distribution of body sizes within clades of small-bodied flying vertebrates should share a similar pattern that reflects these constraints. We examined patterns in similarities of body mass distributions among five clades of small-bodied endothermic vertebrates (Passeriformes, Apodiformes + Trochiliformes, Chiroptera, Insectivora, Rodentia) to examine the extent to which these distributions are congruent among the clades that fly as opposed to those that do not fly. The body mass distributions of three clades of small-bodied flying vertebrates show significant divergence from the distributions of their sister clades. We examined two alternative hypotheses for similarities among the size frequency distributions of the five clades. The hypothesis of functional symmetry corresponds to patterns of similarity expected if body mass distributions of flying clades are constrained by similar or identical functional limitations. The hypothesis of phylogenetic symmetry corresponds to patterns of similarity expected if body mass distributions reflect phylogenetic relationships among clades. -
1 Husbandry Guidelines Apodiformes Hummingbirds-Trochilidae Karen
Husbandry Guidelines Apodiformes Hummingbirds-Trochilidae Karen Krebbs, Conservation Biologist / Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum / Tucson, AZ Dave Rimlinger, Curator of Ornithology / San Diego Zoo / San Diego, CA Michael Mace, Curator of Ornithology / San Diego Wild Animal Park / Escondido, CA September, 2002 1. ACQUISITION AND ACCLIMATIZATION Sources of birds & acclimatization procedures - In the United States local species of hummingbirds can be collected with the proper permits. The Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum usually has species such as Anna's (Calypte anna), Costa's (Calypte costae), and Broad-billed (Cynanthus latirostris) for surplus each year if these species have nested in their Hummingbird Exhibit. In addition to keeping some native species, the San Diego Zoo has tried to maintain several exotic species such as Sparkling violet-ear (Colibri coruscans), Emerald (Amazilia amazilia), Oasis (Rhodopis vesper), etc. The San Diego Wild Animal Park has a large mixed species glass walk-through enclosure and has kept and produced hummingbirds over the years. All hummingbirds are on Appendix II of CITES and thus are covered under the Wild Bird Conservation Act (WBCA). An import permit from USFWS and an export permit from the country of origin must be obtained prior to the importation. Permits have been granted in the past, but currently it is difficult to find a country willing to export hummingbirds. Hummingbirds are more commonly kept in European collections, particularly private collections, and could be a source for future imports. Weighing Hummingbirds can be placed in a soft mesh bag and weighed with a spring scale. Electronic digital platform scales can also be used. A small wooden crate with a wire mesh front can also be used for weighing. -
Visual Fields in Hornbills: Precision-Grasping and Sunshades
Ibis (2004), 146, 18–26 Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Visual fields in hornbills: precision-grasping and sunshades GRAHAM R. MARTIN1* & HENDRI C. COETZEE2 1School of Biosciences, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK 2Ground Hornbill Research and Conservation Project, Private Bag X1644, Warmbaths, 0480, Republic of South Africa Retinal visual fields were determined in Southern Ground Hornbills Bucorvus leadbeateri and Southern Yellow-billed Hornbills Tockus leucomelas (Coraciiformes, Bucerotidae) using an ophthalmoscopic reflex technique. In both species the binocular field is relatively long and narrow with a maximum width of 30° occurring 40° above the bill. The bill tip projects into the lower half of the binocular field. This frontal visual field topography exhibits a number of key features that are also found in other terrestrial birds. This supports the hypothesis that avian visual fields are of three principal types that are correlated with the degree to which vision is employed when taking food items, rather than with phylogeny. However, unlike other species studied to date, in both hornbill species the bill intrudes into the binocular field. This intrusion of the bill restricts the width of the binocular field but allows the birds to view their own bill tips. It is suggested that this is associated with the precision-grasping feeding technique of hornbills. This involves forceps-like grasping and manipulation of items in the tips of the large decurved bill. The two hornbill species differ in the extent of the blind area perpendicularly above the head. Interspecific comparison shows that eye size and the width of the blind area above the head are significantly cor- related. -
Leptosomiformes ~ Trogoniformes ~ Bucerotiformes ~ Piciformes
Birds of the World part 6 Afroaves The core landbirds originating in Africa TELLURAVES: AFROAVES – core landbirds originating in Africa (8 orders) • ORDER ACCIPITRIFORMES – hawks and allies (4 families, 265 species) – Family Cathartidae – New World vultures (7 species) – Family Sagittariidae – secretarybird (1 species) – Family Pandionidae – ospreys (2 species) – Family Accipitridae – kites, hawks, and eagles (255 species) • ORDER STRIGIFORMES – owls (2 families, 241 species) – Family Tytonidae – barn owls (19 species) – Family Strigidae – owls (222 species) • ORDER COLIIFORMES (1 family, 6 species) – Family Coliidae – mousebirds (6 species) • ORDER LEPTOSOMIFORMES (1 family, 1 species) – Family Leptosomidae – cuckoo-roller (1 species) • ORDER TROGONIFORMES (1 family, 43 species) – Family Trogonidae – trogons (43 species) • ORDER BUCEROTIFORMES – hornbills and hoopoes (4 families, 74 species) – Family Upupidae – hoopoes (4 species) – Family Phoeniculidae – wood hoopoes (9 species) – Family Bucorvidae – ground hornbills (2 species) – Family Bucerotidae – hornbills (59 species) • ORDER PICIFORMES – woodpeckers and allies (9 families, 443 species) – Family Galbulidae – jacamars (18 species) – Family Bucconidae – puffbirds (37 species) – Family Capitonidae – New World barbets (15 species) – Family Semnornithidae – toucan barbets (2 species) – Family Ramphastidae – toucans (46 species) – Family Megalaimidae – Asian barbets (32 species) – Family Lybiidae – African barbets (42 species) – Family Indicatoridae – honeyguides (17 species) – Family -
![Ciconiiformes, Charadriiformes, Coraciiformes, and Passeriformes.]](https://docslib.b-cdn.net/cover/0282/ciconiiformes-charadriiformes-coraciiformes-and-passeriformes-1100282.webp)
Ciconiiformes, Charadriiformes, Coraciiformes, and Passeriformes.]
Die Vogelwarte 39, 1997: 131-140 Clues to the Migratory Routes of the Eastern Fly way of the Western Palearctics - Ringing Recoveries at Eilat, Israel [I - Ciconiiformes, Charadriiformes, Coraciiformes, and Passeriformes.] By Reuven Yosef Abstract: R euven , Y. (1997): Clues to the Migratory Routes of the Eastern Fly way of the Western Palearctics - Ringing Recoveries at Eilat, Israel [I - Ciconiiformes, Charadriiformes, Coraciiformes, and Passeriformes.] Vogelwarte 39: 131-140. Eilat, located in front of (in autumn) or behind (in spring) the Sinai and Sahara desert crossings, is central to the biannual migration of Eurasian birds. A total of 113 birds of 21 species ringed in Europe were recovered either at Eilat (44 birds of 12 species) or were ringed in Eilat and recovered outside Israel (69 birds of 16 spe cies). The most common species recovered are Lesser Whitethroat {Sylvia curruca), White Stork (Ciconia cico- nia), Chiffchaff (Phylloscopus collybita), Swallow {Hirundo rustica) Blackcap (S. atricapilla), Pied Wagtail {Motacilla alba) and Sand Martin {Riparia riparia). The importance of Eilat as a central point on the migratory route is substantiated by the fact that although the number of ringing stations in eastern Europe and Africa are limited, and non-existent in Asia, several tens of birds have been recovered in the past four decades. This also stresses the importance of taking a continental perspective to future conservation efforts. Key words: ringing, recoveries, Eilat, Eurasia, Africa. Address: International Bird Center, P. O. Box 774, Eilat 88106, Israel. 1. Introduction Israel is the only land brigde between three continents and a junction for birds migrating south be tween Europe and Asia to Africa in autumn and north to their breeding grounds in spring (Yom-Tov 1988). -
Kingfishers to Mousebirds
3.8 Kingshers to mousebirds - Atlas of Birds uncorrected proofs Copyrighted Material Kingfishers to Mousebirds he orders featured on this spread include many of the planet’s most P Size of orders Trogoniformes: trogons R Teye-catching bird families. Some, such as kingfishers and rollers, Number of species in order Trogons make up a single family, the Trogonidae, are known for their dazzling plumage. Others, such as toucans and Percentage of total bird species which numbers seven genera, including the spectacular quetzals (Pharomachrus spp.) of hornbills, sport preposterously big bills. Though smaller species Coraciiformes South and Central America. Their weak feet are in some groups may superficially resemble songbirds, all have a 403 species unique among animals in having a heterodactyl number of key anatomical differences from the Passeriformes, and 4.1% toe arrangement: first and second toes facing none can sing. backwards; third and fourth toes forwards. They are colourful but retiring birds that These orders also share many features of their breeding behaviour, inhabit tropical forests worldwide – with the with the majority of families and species nesting in holes, and many greatest diversity in the Neotropics – and use performing flamboyant courtship displays. The exception to this rule Piciformes their short, broad bill to feed on insects and are the Coliiformes of Sub-Saharan Africa, which are neither colourful 403 species fruit, generally gleaned from the branches in 4.1% a brief fluttering flight. Trogons are typically nor cavity nesters – they build a simple cup-shaped nest in foliage – and have located by their soft, insistent call, given ) an evolutionary history that sets them apart from other near-passerines. -
Biodiversity of Filariae (Nematoda: Filariata), Parasites of Birds in Uzbekistan
Turkish Journal of Zoology Turk J Zool (2013) 37: 746-752 http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/zoology/ © TÜBİTAK Research Article doi:10.3906/zoo-1106-3 Biodiversity of filariae (Nematoda: Filariata), parasites of birds in Uzbekistan 1 2 2 Kalandar SAPAROV , Firuza AKRAMOVA , Djalaliddin AZIMOV , 2 1, Vladimir GOLOVANOV , Abdurakhim KUCHBOEV * 1 Nizami Tashkent State Pedagogical University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan 2 Institute of Zoology of the Uzbek Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan Received: 03.06.2011 Accepted: 30.06.2013 Published Online: 04.10.2013 Printed: 04.11.2013 Abstract: In Uzbekistan, 53 species in 4 families of nematodes of the suborder Filariata Skrjabin, 1915 (Aproctidae [9], Splendidofilariidae [12], Diplotriaenidae [20], Oswaldofilariidae [12]) were found to infect 14 orders of birds. Passeriformes harbored 23, the greatest number of species. The rate of infection was significantly lower in birds confined to aquatic environments. Key words: Nematoda, Filariata, birds, aquatic, terrestrial 1. Introduction Nematodes of birds collected by us in the period Filariata is an isolated group of highly specialized parasitic from 2000 to 2010 have been used as the material for worms. Currently, opinions vary on taxonomic placement the present work. The study was carried out by using of various nematodes assigned to the Filariata and for that the method of complete helminthological dissections as reason we have followed Sonin (1966, 1968, 1975) and placed described by Skrjabin (1928). This work incorporates the our parasites into 4 families: Aproctidae, Diplotriaenidae, material collected during regular field trips organized by Oswaldofilariidae, and Splendidofilariidae. Despite a the Laboratory of General Parasitology of the Institute of wide geographical distribution and the serious damage Zoology of the Uzbek Academy of Sciences. -
3. Functional Comparative Anatomy & Physiology Of
3. FUNCTIONAL COMPARATIVE ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY OF BIRDS OF PREY AND DOMESTIC CHICKEN- Dr. Boniface M. Kavoi Key issues to address: 1. Anatomy of the various organs/ organ systems of birds and how are adapted to function 2. How the anatomy of birds of prey differ from that of chicken 3. Key anatomical issues in veterinary forensics Aves- Classification Birds belong to the scientific class Aves. These are bipedal animals with feathers, wings, beaks, and scales on their legs and feet. They are endothermic (warm-blooded), breathe air, and lay eggs.Chicken fall in the order Galliformes. These are heavy-bodied ground-feeding birds that include chicken, turkey, grouse, New and Old World quail, ptarmigan, partridge, pheasant, and the Cracidae.They are arboreal or terrestrial animals; many prefer not to fly, but instead walk and run for locomotion. Birds of prey belong to the order Falconiformes. These birds are characterized by strong bills that are hooked at the tip and sharp on the edges. Their feet have sharp, curved talons and an opposable hind toe. They have a keen vision. They are generally strong flyers. They eat other animals hence called birds of prey or raptors. They hunt during the day and thus called diurnal birds of prey.Owls (Order Strigiformes) are also birds of prey, but they are nocturnal (hunt at night). Some important families: 1. Accipitridae: Include bald eagles, red-tailed hawks, bearded vultures 2. Cathartidae: Include white-headed vulture, black vulture, California and Andean condor 3. Falconidae: Include the American kestrel, peregrine falcon, crested caracara. Distribution Some species, like the osprey and peregrine falcon, are global.Others, like the Seychelles kestrel are restricted to certain regions (Seychelles islands).Old World vultures are found in the Eastern Hemisphere, including Europe, Asia, and Africa.New World vultures are found in the Western Hemisphere, specifically North and South America. -
Avian Thermoregulation in the Heat
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/211730; this version posted February 6, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 1 Avian thermoregulation in the heat: phylogenetic variation among avian orders in 2 evaporative cooling capacity and heat tolerance 3 Running title: Phylogenetic variation in avian heat tolerance 4 5 Ben Smit1,* 6 Maxine C. Whitfield2 7 William A. Talbot3 8 Alexander R. Gerson4 9 Andrew E. McKechnie2,5 10 Blair O. Wolf3 11 1Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94 Grahamstown 12 6040, South Africa 13 2DST-NRF Centre of Excellence at the Percy FitzPatrick Institute, Department of Zoology 14 and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa 15 3UNM Biology Department, University of New Mexico, MSC03-2020, Albuquerque, NM 16 87131-0001, USA 17 4Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA 18 5South African Research Chair in Conservation Physiology, National Zoological Gardens of 19 South Africa, P.O. Box 754, Pretoria 0001, South Africa 20 *Author for correspondence ([email protected]) 21 22 Keywords: evaporative heat loss, heat dissipation, upper critical limits of thermoneutrality, 23 panting, gular flutter 24 25 26 Summary statement 27 We show that avian evaporative cooling efficiency and heat tolerance display substantial 28 taxonomic variation that are, unexpectedly, not systematically related to the use of panting 29 versus gular flutter processes. 30 31 32 33 34 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/211730; this version posted February 6, 2018.