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SWEDEN Case Study on IF Metall

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SWEDEN Case Study on IF Metall National Report SWEDEN Case Study on IF Metall Conducted by Jan Johansson, Lena Abrahamsson LTU Luleå University of Technology SUNI (Smart Unions for New Industry) is a project co-funded by the European Commission, DG Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion, budget heading VP/2017/002 (Grant Agreement VP/2017/0426), Information and training measures for workers’ representatives COORDINATOR FIM-CISL – Federazione Italiana Metalmeccanici-CISL Rome, Italy CO-APPLICANTS RUB – Ruhr-Universität Bochum Bochum, Germany ADAPT – Associazione per gli studi Internazionali e Comparati sul Diritto del Lavoro e sulle Relazioni Industriali Modena, Italy LTU – Luleå University of Technology Luleå, Sweden IF Metall – Industrifacket Metall Stockolm, Sweden UDIMA – Universidad a Distancia de Madrid Madrid, Spain UGT-FICA – Federación de Industria, Construcción y Agro de la Union General de Trabajadores Madrid, Spain SCIENTIFIC COORDINATOR Paolo Tomassetti – ADAPT Senior researcher This document was produced with the financial support of the European Union. The viewpoints expressed herein reflect the opinion of the authors and, therefore, do not represent, under no circumstance, the official position of the European Commission, which is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information this document contains Index Executive summary ................................................................................................ 6 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 8 Section 1. Governmental plans for Industry 4.0 ............................................... 11 Section 2. Main features of industrial relations in the metalworking sector .. 14 2.1. Government’s National Labour Market Policy ................................................. 14 2.1.1. Sustainable working life ....................................................................... 14 2.1.2. Fair working conditions ........................................................................ 15 2.1.3. Responsible wage formation ................................................................. 15 2.2. Trade unions in Sweden .................................................................................... 16 2.3. Laws and agreements in the Swedish labour market ........................................ 17 2.3.1. The Collective Agreement .................................................................... 17 2.3.2. Labour legislation ................................................................................. 18 2.3.3. The Board Representation (Private Sector Employees) Act ................. 18 2.3.4. Work environment ................................................................................ 19 Safety committees .................................................................................. 19 Workers safety representatives ............................................................. 20 2.3.5. Participation in decision-making at the workplace ............................... 20 Right of Association .............................................................................. 21 Right and Obligation to Negotiate ........................................................ 21 Right to Information.............................................................................. 21 Collective Bargaining Agreements ....................................................... 22 Right of Veto Over Engagement of Subcontractors .............................. 22 Right for the union to use consultants................................................... 22 3 SUNI – SMART UNIONS FOR NEW INDUSTRY 2.3.6. Employment security ............................................................................ 22 Section 3. Overview of the perspectives of trade unions and employers’ associations in the metalworking sector on Industry 4.0 ................................. 25 3.1. IF Metall’s programme for future industrial work ............................................ 25 3.2. Employers’ relationship to Industry 4.0 ............................................................ 30 3.2.1. The Confederation of Swedish Enterprise (Svenskt näringsliv) ........... 30 3.2.2. The Association of Swedish Engineering Industries (Teknikföretagen) .............................................................................................................. 31 Increasing innovation and technical development in the area of production ............................................................................................. 31 Test and demonstration of new production technology ........................ 32 Growth of small and medium-sized manufacturing companies ............ 32 Internationalisation of production research ......................................... 32 Section 4. The role of trade unions in Industry 4.0: the case of IF Metall ..... 33 4.1. Brief overview of the national trade union selected as a case study ................. 33 4.1.1. IF Metall ............................................................................................... 33 4.1.2. Clubs ..................................................................................................... 33 4.1.3. Regional branch .................................................................................... 34 4.1.4. Congress ............................................................................................... 34 4.1.5. National committee ............................................................................... 34 4.2. Trade union discourse ....................................................................................... 34 4.3. Trade union action............................................................................................. 36 4.3.1. Research ................................................................................................ 36 Produktion2030 .................................................................................... 36 “The production lift” ............................................................................ 38 Smart Production .................................................................................. 38 4.3.2. Communication and dissemination directed to workers and public opinion .................................................................................................. 38 Smart Factories..................................................................................... 38 4.3.3. Lobbying towards public institutions.................................................... 39 4.3.4. Training activities targeted to workers’ representatives ....................... 39 4 SWEDEN 4.3.5. Collective bargaining ............................................................................ 39 4.3.6. Other initiatives..................................................................................... 39 Technology College .............................................................................. 39 Validation ............................................................................................. 40 Conclusions ........................................................................................................... 41 References ............................................................................................................. 43 5 Executive summary Traditionally the Swedish state entrust labour market relations to the social partners: employers’ organisations and the trade unions. The high degree of membership of these social partners provide them with a high degree of legitimacy in negotiations. There is also a tradition of cooperation where these social partners seek a consensus of relations in the labour market; the aim is to maintain stability. There are well-established institutional and regulatory frameworks guiding the management of issues of every kind concerning technical and organizational change: such as Industry 4.0 for example. Sweden also has comprehensive legislation regulating labour market conditions, many of which are the result of close cooperation between trade unions and the Social Democratic party. These laws have such strong social recognition that change in government has not endangered change in any significant extent; at least not in the short term. The current Social Democratic and the Green Party government has formed a national strategy for the implementation of Industry 4.0. This strategy depicts a very positive image of the effects it will have in terms of productivity and well-being, as well as for the content of work and the attractiveness of workplaces. In Sweden there is no significant critical national discourse in relation to the content of Industry 4.0 or the effect it will have on daily life and work. There is an asymmetry between the social partners’ negotiating mandate in relation to Industry 4.0. Companies that are members of the employers’ organisation are in direct competition, which makes it difficult for them to form a common strategy for implementing Industry 4.0. Their focus will therefore be on prerequisites for successful implementation, such as provision of skills, labour legislation, etc. The relationship is the opposite for the trade unions: common strategies give strength in negotiations. Consequently, many union requirements must be prepared and negotiated at local level. One strength that IF Metall has is that they have formulated a program for future industrial work that can also support the clubs in
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