36602. PHONOLOGY Prof. Yehuda . Falk Phonetic Symbols, p. 1

The chart on this page is vowels; the one on p. 2 is consonants. For some sounds, more than one symbol is in use. In such a case, the symbol we will be using in class (which is generally the symbol commonly used by phonologists, and derives from the American transcriptional tradition) is listed above, and the other symbol (generally the official symbol of the International Phonetic ) is listed below.

VOWELS

In each box, the vowel symbol on the left is for an unrounded vowel and the symbol on the right is for a rounded vowel. Note that, since vowel articulations are points along a continuum, vowel transcriptions represent ranges of sounds. For this reason, the same symbol sometimes appears in more than one cell of the table.

Front Central Back tense i ü ˙  ˙ u y  High lax  ¨ ˙  ˙    tense e ö    ø   Mid lax  ö    o ø o or  tense æ ¨ a or  a or   œ a  Low lax æ ¨ or  a or  a or    a  

Additional symbols: nasalized: ˜ (e.g. a˜) nonsyllabic  (e.g. i ) long:  (e.g. a ) main stress ´ (e.g. á) extrashort ˘ (e.g. a˘) secondary stress ` (e.g. à) Tones: extra high x˝/ high x´/middle x/low x`/extra low x/rising xˇ/falling xˆ

CONSONANTS

The symbol on the left is voiceless; the symbol on the right is voiced. 36602. PHONOLOGY Prof. Yehuda N. Falk Phonetic Symbols, p. 2  h  )   (e.g. p (e.g.   .   q ons: ); unreleased unreleased );       w  k x (e.g. p (e.g.   j  y    ñ   w¨ c ç  z r  r        d  n   ).    s    ); ejective/glottalized ); Retroflex Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyngeal Laryngeal Retroflex Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyngeal Laryngeal  under (t under  ˇ zˇ  n  voiced voiced  (e.g. p (e.g.  veolar veolar  č  l l  r  rˇ r n ň D  ss ofactualthearticulation. ss narrowMore transcripti ); aspirated ); less pharyngeal less fricative issymbolized h  t d t | c  ¢ (e.g. n (e.g. l ð s z š  d  n   Dental Alveolar Palatoal Dental Alveolar Palatoal   ; lateral ; fricative: voiceless  : : l ); syllabic );   dental dental (e.g. n (e.g. f v         m ) orin Semiticthe) transcriptional tradition dot a  Bilabial Labio Bilabial Labio p b t  (e.g. t (e.g.  For rsounds, we willForwe rsounds, symbolthejust regardle r, use Other laterals: velarized(“dark”) Othersymbols: voiceless InSemiticthe transcriptional tradition, voicethe Emphatic Affricate Fricative Nasal Lateral Unrounded Semivowel Rounded Semivowel Implosive Flap Approxi mant Stop (Plosive) Trill Ò Notes: Î Ï Ñ Ð