Больше ресурсов по изучению английского на List-English.ru First published in Great Britain 2001 by A & C Black Publishers Ltd
This second edition published 2012 by
Bloomsbury Publishing Pic 50 Bedford Square London WC1B 3DP www.bloomsbury.com
Copyright © Rawdon Wyatt, 2012
All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the Publisher.
A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library.
ISBN: 978-1-4081-5393-2
This book is produced using paper that is made from wood grown in managed, sustainable forests. It is natural, renewable and recyclable. The logging and manufacturing processes conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin.
Typeset by Saxon Graphics Ltd, Derby Printed and bound in Great Britain by MPG Books Limited
Больше ресурсов по изучению английского на List-English.ru bu ti workbook thisabout About this workbook
Introduction
This workbook has been written for students who are planning to sit either the Academic or General Training modules of the IELTS examination. It covers some of the main vocabulary areas that you will need for, or come across in, the Listening, Reading, Writing and Speaking sections of the exam.
We hope that you find the exercises in this book useful, and that the vocabulary you acquire will help you to achieve the grade you want in the IELTS.
Good luck!
Structure of the hook Each vocabulary area is presented in the form of a self-contained module with task-based activities which present each vocabulary item in context.
• Pages 1 -5 7 focus on genera! vocabulary items. Some of these are relevant to specific tasks or questions in the IELTS examination (for example, describing how something works, talking about changes shown in a graph or table, saying where things are and following directions).
• Pages 5 8 -1 0 4 focus on topic-specific vocabulary areas which may be required in the examination (for example, education, architecture, family matters and science and technology). Each module consists of three tasks: the first two present vocabulary items in context, each with a practice or recognition exercise, and the third gives you the opportunity to review the vocabulary in a gap-fill exercise.
• Pages 1 0 5 -1 24 contain a comprehensive key so you can check your answers. The answer key also gives additional information about specific vocabulary items or general vocabulary areas, as well as other useful words or phrases. Using the workbook You should not work through the book mechanically from beginning to end. It is better to choose areas that you are unfamiliar with, or areas that you feel are of specific interest or importance to yourself. Recording, reviewing and extending your vocabulary Remember that you should keep a record of new words, phrases and expressions that you acquire, and review these on a regular basis so that they become part of your active vocabulary. Also remember that there are other ways of acquiring new vocabulary. For example, you should read as much as possible from a variety of authentic reading materials (books, newspapers, magazines, web-based articles, etc.). Using an English dictionary To help you develop your vocabulary more effectively, you should use a good monolingual English dictionary. This should clearly explain what the words mean, show you how they are pronounced, show you their various forms where relevant (e.g., what the noun form of an adjective is), tell you which words or phrases they collocate with, and give sample sentences to show you how the words are used. We particularly recommend the Macmillan English Dictionary for Advanced Learners (ISBN 978-1405026284). A free on-line version of this can also be found at www.macmillandictionary.com. The International English Language Testing System (IELTS) The IELTS is administered by the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), the British Council and IDP Education Australia. For further information, visit www.udes.org.uk. Note that this book is not endorsed by any of these organisations.
Больше ресурсов по изучению английского на List-English.ru iv contents Contents 46 Presenting an argument an Presenting 46 Phrasal4 verbs 44 Phrasal3 verbs 43 Phrasal2 verbs 41 1 Phrasal verbs 40 Cnuigwrs&flefins 1 & falsefriends words Confusing 8 39 Ownership, giving, lending & borrowing & lending giving, Ownership, 39 verbs Opposites: 38 adjectives Opposites: belief & 37 attitude Opinion, 35 option & Obligation 34 actions& Objects 32 words Modified 30 direction & Location 27 Likesdislikes& bigger something of 26 part becoming or Joining 25 works something How 24 Groups 23 specifics& Generalisations 21 attention Focusing 20 Condition 7 1 Changes world the 3 Around 2 ae Title Page 5 Changes 2 Changes 5 19 Emphasis & misunderstanding & Emphasis 19 comparison and Contrast 18 3 meaning & Context 162 meaning & Context 14 1 meaning & Context 12 2 false&friends words Confusing 10 1 Addition, equation and conclusion and equation Addition, 1 General vocabulary General Б о л ь ш е
р е с у р с о в
п о 8 on &country Town 98 Sport 96 Sciencetechnology & 93 road the On 91 &finance Money 89 &women Men 86 media The 84 Healthcare 82 problems Global 80 8 hp &features Shape 48 result Reason& 47 49 Size, quantity & dimension & quantity Size, 49 8 Geography 78 &diet Food 75 environment The 73 Education 71 law &the Crime 69 family &the Children 67 Businessindustry & 64 arts The 61 56 Useful interview expressions interview Useful 56 0 Answers 105 Work 102 Travel 100 Architecture 58 Time 55 Title Page 54 Task commands Task 54 Success&failure 53 something Stopping 52 Spelling 51
и з у Topic-specificvocabulary ч е н и ю
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н а List-English.ru eea vocabulary general Addition, equation & conclusion
1 Put the following words and phrases into their correct place in the table depending on their function.
along with also and as well as besides correspondingly equaHy furthermore in addition in brief in conclusion in the same way likewise moreover similarly thus therefore to conclude to summarise to sum up briefly too we can conclude that what's more
Addition Equation Conclusion and equally in conclusion
2 Complete these sentences with one of the words or phrases from above. In most cases, more than one answer is possible.
1. Tourism brings m uch-needed m oney to developing countries...... it provides employment for the local population. 2...... bringing much-needed money to developing countries, tourism provides employment for the local population. 3. Tourists should respect the local environm ent...... they should respect the local customs. 4 ...... industrial waste, pollution from car fumes is poisoning the environment. 5. In order to travel, you need a passport...... , you m ight need a visa, immunisation jabs and written permission to visit certain areas. 6. Drugs are banned in Britain - ...... weapons such as guns and knives. 7. All power corrupts...... absolute power corrupts absolutely. 8. You shouldn't smoke, drink, take drugs or eat unhealthy fo o d ...... you should live a more healthy lifestyle. 9. The ozone layer is becoming depleted, the air in the cities is becoming too dirty to breathe and our seas and rivers are no longer safe to swim in...... pollution is slowly destroying the planet.
10. Your grades have been very poor for the past two years...... you need to work really hard if you want to pass your exams next month. 1 Больше ресурсов по изучению английского на List-English.ru 2 general vocabulary 0 Yemen...... n e m e Y 40. . Bangladesh 4. 7 T l ...... 3. ur ...... 3. ae ...... Wales 39...... y e rk Tu 38...... d n ila a Th 37. 4 Span...... 5 Swed n de e Scotland...... w S 33. 35...... ia b ain ra p A S 34. Saudi 32. Russia...... 31. 8 te Philippines the 28. ay orw N 25. nada a C 7. . agaeh s at fte ninsbotnn Ida Indiana. / India / subcontinent Indian the of part is Bangladesh 4. r h ntoaiis fte epewho cm rm tee countries? these from come o h w people the of nationalities the are t a h W 2 2 Mxc...... 3 Morocco M 23. Mexico...... 22. 2. The South Pole is situated in the Arctic / Antarctic / Antarctica. / Antarctic / Arctic the in issituated Pole South The 2. 9. The United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland are part of Continental Europe / Mainland Mainland / Europe Continental of part are Ireland of Republic / the Britain and Great / Britain as Kingdom collectively n United know The are Ireland 9. Northern and as Wales Africa. to Scotland, Central / referred Africa often is England, t ha southern / w 8. of Africa part South in is form all Botswana Honduras and 7. Panama Colombia, Brazil, Argentina, 6. s yu onr nti ls? fnt hwd o a orntoaiy n English? in nationality sayyour you do list? how this Ifon not, Iscountry your Around the world the Around 3. New Zealand is part of Austria / Australia / Australasia. / / Australia Austria of part is Zealand New 3. Cos h cretwor r hae n od o o lt hs sentences. these plete com to bold in phrase or rd o w correct the Choose 1 5. Guatemala is a country in North Am erica / South America / Central America. Central / America South / erica Am North in country a is Guatemala 5...... retn ...... talia stra u A 3...... Argentina 2...... n a t s i n a h g f A 1. 3 I ia d In 13. 9 Ku i...... 0 Lebanon 20. Japan...... 18. ait...... uw K Israel...... 17. 19. Ireland...... 16. 0 England 10. 11. Denmark, Finland, Norw ay and Sweden are know n collectively as the Baltic Republics / the the / cities. Republics capitalism / Baltic capitol / the capital as of examples collectively are n Tunis and know / Lima are Indies est Bangkok, W 12. Sweden the as n and know ay are Norw t ha w of Finland, part form Denmark, 11. Emirates rab A United the and an Om Kuwait, 10. 1. Japan, Korea and Taiwan are all in the Near East / the M iddle East / the Far East. Far the / East iddle M the / East Near the allin are Taiwan and Korea Japan, 1. h Gl Sae h Erpa Union. European /the States Gulf the . Kingdom United the aiba / Scandinavia. / Caribbean uoe/ Europe. / Europe America. Spanish / America South / erica Am Latin ...... 1. rn...... 1. Iraq...... 15. Iran...... 14...... 2. oad...... 3. Portugal...... 30. Poland...... 29...... Б о л ь ш 1 Fnad...... 2 Greece...... 12. Finland...... 11. ark m n razil e B D 6. 8...... Belgium 5. 6 Pakistan 26. е
р е с у р с о в ......
п о
и з у ч е н и 6 S itzerland Sw 36. Peru 27. etherlands N the 24. 1 Malaysia 21. Egypt...... 9. ю
а н г л и й ...... с к ...... о ...... г о ......
н а ...... List-English.ru eea vocabulary general Changes 1
1 Look at the graph, and complete the sentences with the correct form of the words and phrases in the box. In most cases, more than one option is possible.
decline decrease drop fall fluctuate go down go up increase peak at reach a peak of remain constant remain steady rise
English school student numbers: May - August.
□ Briarwood School of English Speakeasy School of Languages
[ = □ Windsor Language Centre Harefield College
May June July August
Between May and August...
1. ...student numbers at the Briarwood School of English increased/ ...... / ......
2. ...student numbers at the Windsor Language Centre...... / ...... / ...... /
...... / ......
3. ...student numbers at the Speakeasy School of Languages...... / ......
4. ...student numbers at Harefield College...... T h e y ...... / ...... 120 in June.
2 Look at this table, and complete the sentences on the next page with words and phrases from the box. In some cases, more than one answer is possible. There is one word or phrase that you do not need.
Petrol prices January £1.10/ litre June £1.55/litre February £1.12/litre July £1.52/litre March £1.15/litre August £1.53/litre April £1.18/litre September £1.58 /litre May £1.16/litre October £1.60 /litre
downward trend dramatically gradually sharply slightly steadily upward trend 3 Больше ресурсов по изучению английского на List-English.ru 4 general vocabulary . vrl,tee a be a . an has been there Overall, 4. MB . n a, erl prices — fell petrol May, In 2. 3 Look at the task in the box, then complete the sample answer w ith w ords and phrases from from phrases and ords w ith w answer sample the complete then box, the in task the at Look 3 .. prices rose petrol InJune, 3. h nme fvstr oSaae (1) Seahaven visitors of to number The August. and April between seaside towns visitedthree people many how shows graph The xrie 1 n 2 I sm ae, oeta oe nwr y e possible. be ay m answer one than more cases, some In 2. and 1 Exercises Sample answer Sample prices increased petrol April, and January Between 1. hne 1 Changes 10) 0 (1 vrl,teewsa ( ) 3 (1 an was there Overall, 3) (3 u ( ) 4 (1 a but ) (9 numbers visitor Westhampton month. final inthe ) (6 Bridgeport to numbers visitor months, _Q 'i/i o o o > L_ l/l o c d E Seahaven ...... 4) (4 April 11) 1 (1 ...... nte ubro epevstn Bridgeport. visiting people of number inthe ...... Б ...... о nJl, n otne o( ) (5 to continued and inJuly, л ь ...... nJl n ial 12) 2 (1 finally and inJuly ...... prices petrol in ш May е in the number of visitors to Seahaven and Westhampton, and Seahaven visitors of to number inthe р е .increased / с Bridgeport ...... у ...... р с о в 2) (2 п о ...... ...... u hn 7) (7 then but и ...... з у ч ...... е н ...... и between April and June, then June, and April between from April to June, then June, to April from ю 11,000 in August. in 11,000 / ...... а ...... н in August. For the firstfour the For August. in г л и й Westhampton с 8) (8 к о г о ...... н а List-English.ru August eea vocabulary general Changes 2 1 Complete these sentences with the correct form of one of the verbs in the box. Both sentences in each sentence pair should use the same verb. In some cases, the meaning of the verb may change slightly. adjust aftef deteriorate exchange fade reduce renovate swell switch vary 1. Moving to the countryside radically altered Some people choose to 3Iter their our lifestyle. appearance with surgery. 2. B y ...... to a different provider, it can I chose drama as an extra-curricular activity, be possible to pay much less for your mobile b u t ...... to photography a few weeks phone bills. later. 3. It can take time to to living in a Prices seem low, but when y o u ...... different country. them to allow for tax, they are considerably higher. 4. The noise built up rapidly, and then just as As the applause ., the speaker quickly i t ...... into the distance. started talking. 5. The amount of tax you pay on a car People's reactions to the medicine ...... according to the amount of ...... a lot, with some people carbon dioxide it emits. complaining it has no effect at all. 6. Everyone should try t o ...... the Many companies were forced t o ...... amount of fat in their diet. their workforce during the recession. 7. Economic crises often into social Theweather...... rapidly when it unrest. started raining and the winds picked up. 8. Ankles and other joints often The town is home to 3,000 people, but this when people travel by air. figure ...... to 12,000 in the same summer. 9. The tokens can be for food in the Shops will normally...... damaged student canteen. goods if you have a receipt. 10. Businesses in the city centre were offered In some cases it can be more expensive to funding so they could...... their ...... an old building than knock it premises. down and build a new one. 5 Больше ресурсов по изучению английского на List-English.ru 6 general vocabulary 4. A college course can help you to find a job a find to you help can course college A 4. 2 N ow do the same w ith these. ith w same the do ow N 2 . uemarkets Superm 8. aren't measles like illnesses of symptoms The 3. to slow are companies Some 2. 9. Email and social netw orking websites have have websites orking netw social and Email 9. to them forcing pipes, the in freezes ater W 7. years five next the in aim ent's governm The 6. . oe epetikta h oen ent governm the that think people Some 5. . mi hs ar ly e rg la has Email 1. Changes 2 Changes 10. House prices are so high that the num ber of of ber num the that high so are prices House 10. adapt cut decline disappear expand improve promote promote improve expand disappear decline cut adapt hnig market. changing unication. m com ea rpae transform replace relax rget e g or days. ld u o h s sal eiu, d n a serious, usually sto ist land. protected on building business ritten w of means a as letter basic items to attract m ore customers. ore m attract to items basic people buying their ow n home has has home n ow their buying people ...... n burst. and in the last five years. five last the in communicate. people ay w the ...... dctoa standards. educational h rls regarding rules the ork. w at ...... Б о rcso many on prices л ь the traditional the ш w ithin a few a ithin w е р е с у р to a to с о в п о и he pa i o ist plan e Th weteh century. entieth tw stesun u s the As o eetdytgtn then e h t tighten, repeatedly to eventually everyone says company, hich w big a in theory isa that Principle' 'Peter The dropped. quickly perature tem W he n it was closed d ow n, the old fire fire old the n, ow d closed was it n he W f o ay w best e Th f niiul students. individual of netbooks. ith w library the in computers ts e g tmc muscles. stomach pnig nte rs nta of o instead arts the on spending ore a be...... t utte needs the suit ...... to e b can Courses tto s a w station ability. o h ia pr fteeecs, o need you exercise, the of part final the For Because so m any people are out of w ork, ork, w of out are people any m so Because I believe that governm ents should increase increase should ents governm that believe I the of end the at rate unprecedented universities Britain's possible. as much as it using practise iig tnad e r a standards living з у ч е ...... н и ю ...... а ...... н ...... г to a job that is beyond their beyond is that job a to л ...... и й ...... с into an art gallery. art an into к eidtecod, the clouds, the behind о l te l desktop old the all г ...... at an ...... at о o Egih isto English r you ...... н а rapidly. List-English.ru ...... your it. eea vocabulary general Condition 1 Complete the second sentence in each pair so that it has the same or a similar meaning to the first sentence. Use the words or phrases in bold, and any other words that are necessary. 1. You can borrow my dictionary if you return it before you go home, providing that You can borrow my dictionary PJQvjdjngthatyou.return \\ before you go home. 2. I should get my assignment finished this weekend if I have enough time, provided that I should get my assignment finished this w e e k e n d ...... enough time. 3. You can't go to university if you don't get good exam grades at school, unless You can't go to university...... good exam grades at school. 4. Students can use the com m on room in the evening if they tidy up any mess they make, on condition that Students can use the com m on room in the e v e n in g ...... up any mess they make. 5. Pollution will get worse if we continue to live in a throwaway society, as long as Pollution will get w o rs e ...... to live in a throw aw ay society. 6. Children will always prefer fast food to fresh fruit and vegetables, even if you tell them how unhealthy it is. no matter how Children will always prefer fast food to fresh fruit and vegetables,...... tell them it is unhealthy. 7. Computer programming is complicated, even if you read a lot of books about it. however many Com puter program m ing is com plicated,...... read about it. 8. Crime is a problem, even if you live in a small tow n or in the countryside, wherever Crime is a p ro b le m ,...... live. 2 Complete these sentences using an appropriate word or phrase from above and your own ideas. 1. British universities will accept students from a b ro a d ...... 2. Working for a large company can be a fulfilling experience 3. The environmental situation will continue to worsen 4. Travelling helps you understand more about the world around you 7 Больше ресурсов по изучению английского на List-English.ru 8 general vocabulary 4. affect /effect affect 4. 8. briefly /shortly briefly 8. meaning. different a have which friends False meaning different a have but topic, same the to related ay are w (b) different a in used are which but other each to meaning similar a have (a) 6. avoid / prevent / avoid 6. 3. advice /advise advice 3. 2. action /activity action 2. word. appropriate the ith w pairs sentence following the Complete meaning. different a have but similar, look (c) 7. beside / besides / beside 7. 5. appreciable /appreciative appreciable 5. words Confusing ofsn od as red 1 friends & false words Confusing 1. aboard /abroad aboard 1. W idening the road made a n ...... difference to the flo w of traffic. of w flo the to ...... difference n a made road the idening W hr r ra i h iyta r ieto t wise are that city the in areas are There n a m u h of result the are area the in changes ental environm The h cmays an fie is office main company's The d n a arm w was concert the of end the at applause The te ia d e m im take to decided e W Can y o u ...... me on the best course of action to take? to action of course best the on ...... me u o y Can h e k o p s She ietn h ore fte ie il ae maj ...... nte oa ecosystem. local seriously the suburbs r...... on the jo in a m jams a traffic have will Frequent river the of course the Diverting manner. o t anaged m action international Rapid ...... xcellent e some me offered He In 2002, she became the first w om an to travel travel to an om w first the became she 2002, In go people more and ore M ...... r od i Egihwih aeasmlrloigwod n nte agae but language, another in ord w similar-looking a have which English in words are eoeteerhuk bgn mayaiasweese o b bhvn i a unusual an in behaving be to seen ere w animals any m began, earthquake the before their regular daytim e job, m any people do extra w o rk in the evening. the in rk o w extra do people any m job, e daytim regular their ...... are tw o or more words which: words more or o tw are u psintl bu h ne o eptoe n eeoig countries. developing in those help to need the about passionately but Б о л abroad ь ш ...... е ...... р for their holiday. their for е с у the railway station. railway the ...... р с e we elsdteewsa rbe . problem a was there realised e w hen w о ...... в ...... aboard п о n niometl iatrfo tkn place. taking from disaster ental environm an и з after dark. after у the space shuttle shuttle space the ...... ч journey times into the city. the into times journey е н и ю а ...... н г л и й Discovery. с к о г о н а List-English.ru eea vocabulary general Confusing words & false friends 1 9. canal / channel A ...... system joined the two main rivers, which made transporting goods much quicker. W hen television first became popular in the early 1950s, there was only o n e ...... 10. conscientious / conscious Most people are ...... of the need to protect the environment. ...... workers should be rewarded for their hard work. 11. considerable / considerate In my opinion, some people are not very ...... of those around them. A ...... am ount of m oney was spent on developing the product. 12. continual / continuous The computer system has given u s ...... problems ever since we installed it. Some days it works, other days it doesn't. T h e ...... noise from the new motorway has forced many people to move. 13. control / inspect New teachers often find it difficult to ...... their classes. Environmental health inspectors regularly ...... commercial kitchens for cleanliness, especially those in restaurants. 14. criticism / objection I have n o ...... to people using their mobile phones on buses or trains. Plans for the new stadium have attracted fierce ...... from local people. 15. damage / harm / injury He suffered a serious...... which needed immediate hospital treatment. The low levels of dangerous chemicals in the river were enough to cause...... to aquatic life. A lot o f ...... was caused to buildings along the coast during the storm. 16. during / for / while The college closes...... two weeks at the end of December. He d ie d ...... trying to cross the desert alone. Many creatures stay underground ...... daylight hours. 17. however / moreover The plan was good in theory...... in practice it was extremely difficult to implement. The plan was excellent...... it was clear from the beginning that it was going to attract a lot of interest. 18. injured / wounded I believe that we should do more to help and support soldiers who have been ...... in combat. Several workers w ere ...... when the drilling platform collapsed. Больше ресурсов по изучению английского на List-English.ru 10 general vocabulary Com plete the fo llow ing sentence pairs w ith the appropriate w o rd or phrase. or rd o w appropriate the ith w pairs sentence ing llow fo the plete Com . os lose / loose 4. . a lie / lay 2. . oka atch w / at look 3. Confusing words & false friends 2 friends & false words Confusing 6. nature / countryside / nature 6. rk o w / job 1. . emsin/pr it perm / permission 8. percentage / cent per 7. cause / make 5. . esnl personnel / personal 9. 10. possibility / chance / possibility 10. W e need to to need e W while. a for ne o t need e W he ufc i manycmoe of o composed ainly m is surface e Th huad f o Thousands n a c school the outside traffic from noise The develop. vrbd hste ih o decent n e c e d a to right the has Everybody oe epeaevr opttv n ht ...... a a rcmpetition. com or e gam ...... a o t hate and competitive very are people Some f o out themselves found people of lot a recession, economic the During rc ived rece e W eoeyu ei h xeiet yu ld u o h s you experiment, the begin you Before fyur ufrn rm eyrto,yusol rn lnyo tradstor o sit and ater w of plenty drink should you dehydration, from suffering If you're h o ayws ntobe ni teewsa hneof o change a was there until trouble in was pany com The mih ot Sanfrorfedti. her e th o n A trip. field our for Spain to go ight m e W ll a m s a nly O urricanes H ' rte lv i e h t in live rather I'd ' ari can't n a c e w afraid I'm n e t only that yth m isa It n w o y M fweat o, aea d o o g a have e w now, act e w If ...... o tedte eig a ln a i ' interrupt. n't did e w as long as eeting, m the attend . to ...... iw i ht rfsinl otal lyr r pi frto much. too far paid are players football professional isthat view ...... ieped a g i ubn areas. urban in age dam widespread the problem carefully and decide if there is anything w e can do about it. about do can e w isanything there if decide and carefully problem the Б h stain aeul oe te et e ek ad e how things w o h see and weeks few next the over carefully situation the lovers head for the national parks every weekend. every parks national the for head lovers о ...... л ь f ad s rvtl wned. ow privately is land of ш htgah i h museum. the in photography hn n city. a in than ...... е р ...... е ...... fAeias od passport. a hold Americans of с у р с of finding a cure for the disease. the for cure a finding of о в ...... ol n ml stones. small and soil ...... t go pay. good ith w п о ...... и з у it hard to hear w h a t the teacher issaying. teacher the t a h w hear to hard it ч a large plastic sheet on the ground. the on sheet plastic large a е ...... н sta 'l ot Iay instead. Italy to go e'll w isthat и ю а н г on the m anagem ent team. ent anagem m the on л и й ...... с к о г о ...... н а List-English.ru o n dow eea vocabulary general Confusing words & false friends 2 11. practice / practise It's im portant t o ...... your English whenever possible. I think I need m ore ...... before I take the exam. 12. priceless / worthless ...... paintings by artists like Van Gogh and Rembrandt should not be in the hands of private collectors. As inflation spiralled out of control, paper money suddenly became a lm o st...... 13. principal / principle M any people refuse to eat meat o n ...... She was appointed University...... in 2009. The country's...... food products are coffee and sugar. I believe in t h e ...... that healthcare should be free for everyone. 14. problem / trouble A t night, the streets are full of people fighting and generally causing ...... I was wondering if you could help me with a little ...... I'm having. 15. process / procession The highlight of the carnival is a huge ...... along the town's main street. In some cases, applying for a visa can be a long and fru stra tin g ...... 16. raise / rise As prices...... demand usually drops. In response to the oil crisis, most airlines had t o ...... their fares. 17. rem em ber / remind I c a n ...... my first day at school really well. Language teachers often ...... their students that the best way to remember new words is to use them as much as possible. 18. respectable / respectful W e all listened i n ...... silence as she outlined her plans for the museum's future. Everybody wants to bring their children up in a ...... neighbourhood. 19. tolerable / tolerant People need to be m ore ...... of their neighbours, and not complain every time they make too much noise. The local authorities say that the noise from passing trains is ...... but many living near the railway lines disagree. 20. treat / cure Many hospitals are so understaffed that they are refusing t o ...... patients with minor injuries. The new drug was unable to ...... the disease, and hundreds died as a result. 11 Больше ресурсов по изучению английского на List-English.ru general vocabulary 2. N o w look at the w ords in the passage. Can you guess w h a t they mean now ? In your ow n words, words, n ow your In ? now mean they t a h w guess you Can passage. the in ords w the at look w o N 2. feat: 1 Look at these words, and answer the questions which follow. which questions the answer and words, these at Look 1 2 Look at the words in bold in sentences sentences in bold in words the at Look 2 coherently: cites: 4. The research they carried out was was out carried they research The 4. nocturnal: otx enn 1 meaning & Context 1. W ithout seeing them in a sentence, do you know (or can you guess) w hat the words in the box mean? box the in words the hat w guess) you can (or know you do sentence, a in them seeing ithout W 1. 3. The cuckoo is a rare and and they rare isa here w cuckoo cities, The and ns tow 3. our in sight on m com a are Foxes 2. 5. Th e hotel w e stayed in was a was in stayed e w hotel e Th 5. 1. The journey across the hills was long and and long was hills the across journey The 1. W hen w e see a new w ord (in a reading passage, for example), w e can often w o rk out w hat hat w out rk o w often can e w example), for passage, reading a (in ord w new a see e w hen W coherently: Yes / No feat: Yes /No Yes feat: mean. ight m they t a h w explain /No Yes coherently: ord?). w the after and before comes example, w h a t is the isthe t a h w example, Th e rem arkable success of Simon W eber's book on owls, bats, foxes and other other and foxes o bats, s/N e Y owls, on book eber's W Simon of success arkable rem cites: e Th o s/N e Y nocturnal: tem peratures of over 40°C. over of peratures tem it means, or get an an get or means, it iw fa a park. car a of view the 1990s, and discusses w here they m ight have gone w ro n g w ith some of their their of some ith w g n ro w gone have ight m they here w discusses and 1990s, the creatures, creatures, IELTS the in skill useful especially isan context its from ord w a of Test. eaning Reading m the Identifying everything they had to know about their subject. their about know to had they everything ground. waste on his describing to addition In research. of lot a done clearly has o h w and field his in expert assumptions. He w rites rites w He assumptions. eettlvso sre, Ni Polr' I is It Prowlers'. t h ig 'N series, television recent feat coherently cites nocturnal fe involved. often he findings, n ow before discussing progressively com plex theories, w ith o u t once confusing his readers. This This readers. his confusing once t u o ith w theories, plex com arkable rem a is progressively discussing before A Call in the Dark, the in Call A feat, feat, cites cites idea passage osdrn te o lxt fte ujc ad h sineta is that science the and subject the of plexity com the considering Б h rsac crid u b ohr, nldn i ad asn in Lawson and t h rig W including others, by out carried research the of w ha t it means, by looking at the context in which it appears (for (for appears it which in context the at looking by means, it t ha w of coherently coherently о elusive elusive л ь mediocre mediocre about, w h a t is the isthe t a h w about, is probably not surprising in view of the popularity of his his of popularity the of view in surprising not probably is ш е bird which is often heard but rarely seen. rarely but heard isoften which bird exhaustive, exhaustive, р е on the subject, beginning by looking at basic facts facts basic at looking by beginning subject, the on с place, w ith small rooms, rather dull food and an uninspiring uninspiring an and food dull rather rooms, small ith w place, у 1-15, р с о arduous, arduous, в and try to decide w hat they mean. they hat w decide to try and so by the tim e the project was complete, they knew knew they complete, was project the e tim the by so a п very th o ro u g h book by an author w h o is an an is o h w author an by book h g u ro o th very о sentence и з у uh f t aig o e oe n ot in foot on done be to having it of much ч е about and w h a t inform ation ation inform t a h w and about н и ю forage forage а н г л in dustbins, in gardens and and gardens in dustbins, in и й с к о г о nocturnal н а List-English.ru eea vocabulary general Context & meaning 1 6. Research suggests that children are more resilient than adults when it comes to getting over an illness. 7. The room was extremely untidy, with stacks of books and piles of paper all over the floor, and unwashed coffee cups on the tables. 8. He was an extremely prolific author, writing three or four novels a year as well as many short stories. 9. W ater is essential for hum an life, so it is im perative w e make sure that in the future there is enough for everyone. 10. Attempts to implement change met with strong resistance at first, but gradually people realised that this change was needed. 11. Many men say that they are willing to share the burden of domestic duties like washing and cooking, but I doubt that they mean it. 12. The building is designed to sw ay slightly in strong winds, but it's still a rather frightening sensation when you are on the upper floors. 13. Many people would like to own a house in the city centre, but prohibitive property prices mean that very few of them would ever be able to buy such a place. 14. The city centre has some beautiful old buildings, but there are some extremely ugly industrial estates on the fringe. 15. Employees are encouraged to use their initiative when they are faced with a problem and there is nobody more senior there to help them. 3 Now match the words in bold in sentences 1-15 above with their definitions (a) - (o) below. (a) A serious or difficult responsibility that you have to deal with, burden (b) Producing a lot of things, ideas, etc...... (c) The ability to decide w ha t to do in an independent w ay...... (d) Able to quickly become healthy, happy or strong again...... (e) Move or swing slightly from side to side...... (f) Difficult or impossible to catch or fin d ...... (g) Make something such as in idea, plan, system, etc., start to work ...... (h) Extremely difficult and involving a lot of effort...... (i) The outer edge of something...... (j) So expensive that nobody can afford it...... (k) Thorough and complete...... (I) To search in a w ide area for something, especially fo o d ...... (m) Piles of things placed one on top of another...... (n) Extremely im portant and urgent...... (o) Average or below average...... 13 Больше ресурсов по изучению английского на List-English.ru 14 general vocabulary orc ricret I hyaeicret r ogv orc eiiin h is n a en done been has one first The definition. correct a give to try example. incorrect, an as are they If incorrect. or correct 4. The villas w ere basically basically ere w villas The 4. 3. W hen you you hen W 3. ould w funding in cuts risk that a was there but well, going was Research 2. Ra tee etne crfly ad eie f h dfntos in definitions the if decide and carefully, sentences these Read 1 7. From the the From 7. to migrants im for difficult very be can It 6. 2 &meaning Context 8. He was a talented young film director whose unique and and unique whose director film young talented a was He 8. 9. Th e building is 200 metres tall and and tall metres 200 is building e Th 9. the provides ater w arm w seas, cool relatively in found be can turtle of species several h ug ltho A 5. ill w qualifications suitable of lack a that orried w I'm 1. 11. Most m odern furniture is functional but not especially especially not but isfunctional furniture odern m Most 11. 12. Shops know that they can attract more customers if they have a large large a have they if customers more attract can they that know Shops 12. 0 Tee r oe rt iiaiis ewe m cuty n te K bt n h whl hy r so are they hole w the on but UK, the and country my between similarities o tw or one are There 10. Strong and w ell b u ilt o r made. r o ilt u b ell w and Strong easier. ething som make r o ething, som r o eone som Help ikdmaigordsryn o tigi portant. im ething som destroying r o aging dam Risk im students. film optimal r e d in H A large gro u p o f people o r things. r o people f o p u gro large A upiewhn nyt dy ltrtig tre t g eywr . g n ro w very go to started things later days o tw only hen w surprise differences. cultural oe fte euiu ad lgn ein o h past. the of designs elegant and beautiful the of some contacts. useful make r o people eet M disparate disparate pyramid. glass H aving m a ny differences. ny a m aving H end. one towards ider w becomes radually G possibilities. f o range a ithin w suitable ost m r o best The ifcl o understand. to Difficult eone. som to letter a rite W n ipa b rna h mi entrance. main the near or by display on ha butcmfortable. com t u b Cheap h n o ething. som f o end The kvtefliA-s to stop som-eo^e or so^vtethli/vg from w-atel^g progress or developing. or progress w-atel^g from so^vtethli/vg or kvtefliA-s som-eo^e stop to odtosfr breeding. for conditions ht t sdfiutt id n o n ground. on m com any find to isdifficult it that outset outset address address of the expedition they knew they w ere going to have problems, so it was no no was it so problems, have to going ere w they knew they expedition the of a meeting, it is im portant to speak clearly, confidently and at a good pace. pace. good a at and confidently clearly, speak to portant im is it meeting, a Б о flimsy flimsy Correct / Incorrect / Correct л Correct /Incorrect Correct Correct / Incorrect / Correct ь Correct / Incorrect / Correct ш Correct /Incorrect Correct е w ooden huts that shook every tim e there was a bit of w ind. ind. w of bit a was there e tim every shook that huts ooden w Correct /Incorrect Correct р е с tapers tapers Correct Correct у р Correct /Incorrect Correct integrate integrate с о gently to a point, giving it the appearance of a thin, thin, a of appearance the it giving point, a to gently в / Correct / Incorrect / Correct п Incorrect о и into local society, especially if there are marked marked are there if especially society, local into з у hinder hinder Correct / Incorrect / Correct ч aesthetic, aesthetic, е н innovative innovative Correct /Incorrect Correct Correct / Incorrect / Correct и my search for a job. a for search my ю а н especially w hen compared w ith ith w compared hen w especially italics г л style inspired generations of of generations inspired style jeopardise jeopardise и array array й f h wrs n od are bold in words the of с к о of colourful products products colourful of г о the entire project. project. entire the н а List-English.ru eea vocabulary general Context & meaning 2 2 Now do the same with these. 1. The track has a coarse surface, providing better grip for bicycle tyres and making them less likely to skid on tight corners. Soft and smooth. Correct / Incorrect 2. The idea of a tunnel under the sea was first propagated by engineers in the nineteenth century, but it was almost 200 years before it became a reality. Designed and built Correct / Incorrect 3. Everyone was in favour of making the city centre traffic free, but public opinion shifted when locals realised that vehicles would need to be diverted through residential areas. Changed or moved. Correct / Incorrect 4. People like the new system, but because of the costs involved we do not believe it is viable, and we need to look for other options. Popular with people. Correct / Incorrect 5. Some of Shakespeare's plays are often attributed to other writers, although more recent research suggests that they w ere all his ow n w ork. Given to someone else as a gift, donation, etc. Correct / Incorrect 6. Although the inventor had a patent for his new product, other companies rapidly began copying and selling it, and he was forced to take legal action against them. An award or prize. Correct / Incorrect 7. Spiders usually trap their prey in webs, but others actively hunt for it. An animal that is caught and eaten by another animal. Correct / Incorrect 8. Some illnesses are serious enough to require medical treatm ent, but for m inor health problems, a visit to the doctor is usually not warranted. To be unable to do something. Correct / Incorrect 9. We need to come up with a radical solution to the problem of crime in our towns and cities, since everything else seems to have failed. New and very different from the usual way. Correct / Incorrect 10. During the meeting, we made progress on peripheral issues, but unfortunately we failed to deal with the issues that had been causing us the most problems. The main or most important part of something. Correct / Incorrect 11.1 hate flying, and nothing could induce me to get on an aeroplane. Stop or prevent something. Correct / Incorrect 12. There were several small problems with the original device, and it needed to be refined slightly before it could go on sale. Turned off and then on again. Correct / Incorrect 15 Больше ресурсов по изучению английского на List-English.ru 16 general vocabulary 4. otx enn 3 meaning & Context 2. All the employees are asked to produce a w ritten evaluation of their performance and hand it to to it hand and performance their of evaluation ritten w a produce to asked are employees the All 2. book. the of back . h The 8. 6. Th e historical docum ent has been examined by several distinguished distinguished several by examined been has ent docum historical e Th 6. 3. Th e new drug does not cure the illness, but can can but illness, the cure not does drug new e Th 3. 9. Th e city offers a offers city e Th 9. 7. W hen you deliver the package, make sure that the the that sure make package, the deliver you hen W 7. 5. Oil prices increased increased prices Oil 5. 1 Can you w ork out w hat the words in bold in these sentences mean? Check your answers at the at answers your Check mean? sentences these in bold in words the hat w out ork w you Can 1 1. 2 Svrl neetn ojcswee on drn te rhelgcl i, u nn o hm ee of were them of none but dig, archaeological the during found ere w objects interesting Several 12. average The 11. the on statistics ent overnm G 10. The country is very poor, and one in seven children dies in in dies children seven in one and poor, isvery country The The farm was on to p of a of p to on was farm The the w ord itself. These clues are usually in the form of one or tw o words (or parts of w ords) ords) suffixes. w /or of and parts prefixes (or of words o addition tw or the one ith w of often form the in know, usually already are e clues w that These itself. ord w the the the oeie, n diint iscnet wecn r u a a r en rm 'le' in 'clues' from means ord w a hat w out ork w can e w context, its to addition in Sometimes, o e lcd ntetahn o mteais n school. in mathematics of teaching the on placed be to collector. can tell if it is genuine or fake. or genuine is it if tell can n o t been tested on animals. on tested been t o n Deforestation has resulted in the destruction o f thousands o f acres o f tropical forest. tropical f o acres f o thousands f o destruction the in resulted has Deforestation doctor. Facial Deforestation Healthcare example: For any great great any The com pany started o ff producing a range o f facial cleansers and moisturisers w hich had hich w moisturisers and cleansers facial f o range a producing ff o started pany com The The to w n lacks basic healthcare facilities, so people have to travel m a ny miles to see a see to miles ny a m travel to have people so facilities, healthcare basic lacks n w to The personnel personnel centrepiece centrepiece ae il tee s e oved) rem is e (the ial + face = monetary monetary = health + care + health = lifespan lifespan = = manager. de de fte e uem sa er Mor supuetatws ogtfo private a from bought was t tha sculpture oore M Henry a is museum new the of multitude multitude oet+ ation. + forest + threefold threefold value. Б of an elephant is 60 - 70 years. 70 - is60 elephant an of о л w indsw ept ept indsw w ь f neetn ad xiig ciiisfr epeo l ages. all of people for activities exciting and interesting of ш numeracy numeracy over a five-year period. five-year a over е р е с у il mlsfo h naett n. w to nearest the from miles hill, р skills of ten-year-olds suggests that m ore emphasis needs needs emphasis ore m that suggests ten-year-olds of skills с о в п о prolong prolong и з recipient recipient у ч е н the patient's life by up to five years. five to up by life patient's the и infancy. ю in o it. for signs а н г л и scholars, scholars, й с к о г о u nn o hmthem of none but н а List-English.ru eea vocabulary general Context & meaning 3 13. From the top of the tower, we looked out over a city of incredible grandeur. 14. From a traveller's standpoint, the competition between airlines to win customers is a good thing. 2 Now do the same with these. 1. The city was over 60 miles from the epicentre of the earthquake, but still suffered substantial damage. 2. In some cases, hospital outpatients have to wait over three hours to see a doctor. 3. To many, the evidence he provided did not validate his claim that the Earth moved around the Sun. 4. Many medical professionals are concerned about the widespread use of antibiotics to treat minor medical conditions. 5. M odern seafarers rely on modern technology to help them navigate the oceans. 6. After the accident, he temporarily lost spatial awareness, and could only pick up objects when he closed one eye. 7. A monorail connects the airport with the city, taking visitors into the heart of the city in less than 20 minutes. 8. A new device which stimulates the auditory areas of the brain offers hope to those who have serious hearing problems. 9. I don't consider myself to be particularly industrious, but when I'm given a job, I make sure it gets done. 10. W hen, on his 104th birthday, he was asked about the secret to his longevity, he replied that he only ever ate raw vegetables and had never smoked. 11. The new airliner is more environmentally-friendly than other aircraft, its only drawback being its limited flying range. 12. The Museum of Contemporary Art showcases all that is best about modern art. 13. The Alaskan wilderness is not a place you want to be when winter comes. 14. In this remote, poverty-stricken area, only a few children go to school, and consequently about a quarter of the country's population is illiterate. 17 Больше ресурсов по изучению английского на List-English.ru 18 general vocabulary . hlrn ut etug ...... ewe rgtadwr . g n ro w and right ...... between o t t gh tau be must Children 4. Complete these sentences w ith the most appropriate w ord or phrase from A, B or C. or B A, from phrase or ord w appropriate most the ith w sentences these Complete . n pol t o n n a c people any M 3. 2 . a yutl the...... bten go bs n a a one? bad a and boss good a ...... between e h t tell you Can 6. 8. Asia covers a huge area...... Europe is very small. isvery Europe area...... huge a covers Asia 8. 7. The m anagem ent must n o t ...... between male and female applicants. female and male ...... between t o n must ent anagem m The 7. a joining and politics in interested being between ...... a is There 5. machines o tw The I. &comparison Contrast . h nw oe o a i ry e isv car of model new The 9. I I . Some political parties have such similar manifestoes that they are difficult to difficult are they that manifestoes similar such have parties political Some . I I 0 Hr oiia oiin e r a opinions political Her 10. 13. There seems to be a la rg e ...... between the num ber of people employed people of ber num the ...... between e rg la a be lot to a seems have There e 13. w respect, that In things. same the of many doing enjoy I and friends y M 12. 15. British and Australian people share the same language, but in other respects they are as different as are they respects other in but language, same the share people few a Australian ...... and British 15. industry, its on based largely is y econom nation's The 14. . oprsn . contrast B. comparison A. . ifr . ifrnit C differential C. differentiate B. differ A. . ifr . differentiate B. differ A. . ifr . contrast differentiate B. difference A. B. differ A. . itnus B dsicie . distinction C. distinctive B. distinguish A. country the of south the and north the between eather w ...... in e h T .sm B eaty . identical C. exactly B. same A. contrast B. differ A. A. By w ay of contrast B. By ways of comparing of ways By B. contrast of ay w By A. .sm B smlr . common C. similar B. same A. A. in similar B. in particular in B. similar in A. A. tell apart B. say apart say B. apart tell A. A. cats and dogs B. chalk and cheese C. salt and pepper and C.salt cheese and chalk B. whereas B. dogs catsand A. while A. . iciiae . discretion B. discriminate A. is very noticeable. isvery oiia party. political ...... s a ude er g i a n gain country. agrarian an was it ago years hundred in service industries, and those em ployed in the prim ary sector. ary prim the in ployed em those and industries, service in differ Б ...... о cnieal. n hsa eeti mtr te te rn n oil. on runs other the motor, electric an has One considerably. л ...... ь ш ...... е р е с у р с о в C. п о и з у between lemon juice and lime juice. lime and juice lemon between ч е н o mine. to C. C. C. C. C. C. C. C. C. и ю oteod one. old the to speak apart speak in common in By similar means similar By discrepancy contrast discriminate whereby compare contrast distinguish а н г л и й с к о г о н а List-English.ru eea vocabulary general Emphasis & misunderstanding 1 (Emphasis) Match the sentences on the left with an appropriate sentence on the right. 1. The committee's emphasis on the word A. Some, however, are emphatic that more 'recycling' was noticeable. research needs to be carried out. 2. O u r guide accentuated the importance of B. She emphasised the fact that panicking remaining calm if there was trouble. would only make matters worse. 3. O u r teacher explained that it was crucially C. The main speaker gave prominence in importantto pace ourselves while revising his speech to the need for better job for the exam. opportunities. 4. At the conference, the accent was on D. We consider progress in this field to be unemployment. extremely important. 5. Prominent scientists have stated that E. He put great stress on the maxim that 'All genetically modified food is probably work and no play makes Jack a dull boy'. perfectly safe. F. They stressed again and again the 6. It is of crucial importance that we make importance of reusing things as much as more use of technology if we are to make possible. progress. 2 (Emphasis) Complete these sentences with a word or phrase in bold from exercise 1. You may need to change the form of the word or phrase. In some cases, more than one answer is possible. 1. Painting the building white did not make it look any better. In fact, it only ...... its ugliness. 2. The rugged hills are a ...... feature of the landscape 3. At the meeting of the Students' Council, the ...... was on better standards of accommodation. 4. The Minister of Tra n sp o rt...... on the need for an integrated transport policy. 5. It is ...... that w e try to improve relations between our countries. 6. She banged the table fo r ...... as she spoke. 3 (Misunderstanding) Complete these sentences with an appropriate word or expression from the box. In some cases, more than one answer is possible. assumed confused confusion impression misapprehension mistaken mix-up obscure 1. I was co m p lete ly...... by his explanation, and had to ask someone else what he meant. 2. There w ere scenes o f ...... at the airport w hen the snowstorm stopped all the flights. 3. W e nearly didn't catch our flight because of a ...... over the tickets. 4. There are several...... points in your essay. It's not very clear. 5. He was under th e ...... that socialism and communism were the same thing. 6. W e a l l ...... wrongly as it turned out, that we would be interviewed individually. 7. M any people a r e ...... in the belief that organic food is better for you than conventionally-grown food. 8. She gave us the ...... that w e had done something to upset her, although we had done nothing of the sort. 19 Больше ресурсов по изучению английского на List-English.ru 20 general vocabulary 4. People People 4. find will box. you vertical correctly, it bold do the in you If attention underneath. focus grid to the used in ord words w the another Write -ly. letters the ith w end all 8. Some western countries, countries, western Some 8. 3. W e're e're W 3. a from come I 2. 9. The tourists w h o visit my to w n are are n w to my visit o h w tourists The 9. is advertisement The 7. a It's 6. 1 Rearrange the letters in bold to form words which are used to focus attention on something. They something. on attention focus to used are which words form to bold in letters the Rearrange 1 h opn rd ...... nteFr East. Far the in s...... trade company The . h clee irr is library college The 5. The w ord in the in the bold vertical box fits into this sentence: this into fits box vertical bold the in the in ord w The 1. The y reduced pollution pollution reduced y The 1. 2 Divide the words above into tw o groups, one group being the words which mean mean which words the being group one groups, o tw into above words the Divide 2 and one group being the words which mean mean which words the being group one and isfamous n w to home y M was 11. Poland to trip r u O 10. Focusing attention Focusing simply ilaptarrculy iimprarly nmly inam go on holiday in the summer. the in holiday on go galerly exam ining the financial aspects of the case. the of aspects financial the ining exam dfiut rbe hc we oet rslea on s possible. as soon as resolve to hope e w which problem difficult Б veceslxuily elcifipcsaly rrl o nt ee ie oe a soe pace. slower a at moves life here w unity m com rural о rpeuly л smly psim otbanly ь hfieclyior ш е a euainl visit. educational an b bnig as rm h iycnr uig h rs hour. rush the during centre city the from cars banning by р Canada and the United States, have a very high standard of living. of standard high very a have States, United the and Canada frte s fsuet n staff. and students of use the for amd t epeoe 50. over people at aimed е с tmly stom у t lre u e fshosad colleges. and schools of ber num large its р с nms ae,nr ally cases, norm most in о в Australian. п о chiefly и з у ч е n otcss nral rte main the or normally cases, most In н и ю reason for something for reason а н or or г л the main reason for something. for reason main the и й с к о г о н а List-English.ru only or or solely. eea vocabulary general Generalisations & specifics 1 Match the sentences in the first list below with an appropriate sentence in the second list on the next page. The underlined words and phrases in the first list should have a similar meaning to the words and phrases in bold in the second list. Write the sentence letter (A, B, C, etc.) from the second list after the relevant sentence in the first list. FIRST LIST 1. Small items of information are very important in a curriculum vitae. .Q. 2. I need to have precise information about your new proposals...... 3. The plan was unable to go ahead because of a small important detail which is important in order to make something happen...... 4. He demanded to know the small. precise and sometimes unimportant details...... 5. When you read a piece of text in the exam, you should read it quickly first to get the general idea...... 6. Before you write an essay, you should plan it first and give a broad description without giving much detail...... 7. Odd features or details which make something different make the world a more interesting place...... 8. Saying that all young people spend too much time on the Internet is a bit of a general statement...... 9. M any cars have very similar typical features...... 10. The huge rise in com puter sales is a good example of the direction in which technology is heading...... 11. Normally, most students sitting the exam manage to pass with a good grade...... 12. The new library shows a good example of British architecture at its best...... 13. Before you travel somewhere, it is important to make a detailed list of things that you need to take...... 14. French fries with mayonnaise is a dish which is an odd feature or detail of Belgian cuisine...... 15. The article shows as an example his views on the way the company should develop...... 21 Больше ресурсов по изучению английского на List-English.ru 22 general vocabulary SECOND LIST SECOND A. Please let me have have me let Please A. . n h aewy kmhi s cnoto o abg, hli n gri hc is which garlic and chilli cabbage, of concoction is a kimchii way, same the In C. inor m a hen w frustrating very It's B. G. G. J. It also provides us w ith an accurate accurate an ith w us provides also It J. full include should You D. &specifics Generalisations F. W e must be careful not to make this kind of of kind this make to not careful be must e W F. an have you Once E. specific Pttewrs n prssaoe notetbe eo, ae o wehrte r akn about talking are they whether on based below, table the into above phrases and words the Put 2 the have you Once L. these that aware are manufacturers Most I. the concerned, was he as far As H. O. For example, it is one of the the of isone it example, For O. It K. . In N. It . M Specific things: Specific eea things: General Itemise n court. in illustrates exemplifies the exemplifies general, things or or things vrtig n re fiprac, einn wih or asotad visa. and passport your ith w beginning importance, of order in everything the average result is a B or C. or B isa result average the i peeec o icesd uo ation. autom increased for preference his general tl ht s eo n icesnl pplrwih own planners. n w to ith w popular increasingly ing becom is that style outline, the specifics the gist, Б the specifics the о things. Then try to use the words in sentences of your own. your of sentences in words the use to try Then things. details л tsol b ese o nesad it. understand to easier be should it ь you will discover that your w ork is easier to organise. to iseasier ork w your that discover will you ш peculiarities е of your past experience. past your of р sso a possible. as soon as minutiae е technicality с illustration у р с о of the British system that judges and lawyers w ear wigs wigs ear w lawyers and judges that system British the of could not be overlooked. be not could в characteristics п generalisation. о us so oyu plans. your to stop a puts of the advances w e have made in the last 20 years. years. 20 last the in made have e w advances the of и з у ч е н r hl el hi product. their sell help t a h w are и ю а н г л и й с к о г о peculiar to peculiar н а List-English.ru Korea. eea vocabulary general Groups 1 Put these words into the table based on the things they usually refer to. batch bunch bundle cast company crew crowd flock gang group herd huddle pile litter pack platoon set shoal stack staff swarm team throng People in general A group of people Animals Objects working together crowd 2 Complete these sentences using one of the words from Exercise 1. You may need to make your answer plural, and in some cases more than one answer is possible. 1. A ...... of just 25 dairy cows can produce over a thousand litres of milk a day. 2. Just because a film has a . of well-known actors, it does not necessarily mean it will be successful. 3. During the rainy season, huge ...... of mosquitoes make life very uncomfortable for the local residents. 4. Shelf space in the library is so limited that there a re ...... of books all over the floor. 5. The coral reef is home to ...... of colourful fish. 6. Airline c a b in ...... do much more than just serve food to passengers. 7. A s im p le ...... of tools can cost the equivalent of a month's wages for some. 8. The college employs a ...... of about 200. 9. A ...... of flowers is always an acceptable gift if you visit someone. 10. During National Day celebrations, an enormous...... of people descended on the city's main square. 11. In some areas of the c ity ,...... of wild dogs roam the streets at night 12. A s m a ll...... of people sat under the tree, trying to keep warm and dry. 13. You know winter is arriving when huge ...... of geese and other birds can be seen heading south. 14. The bread oven can produce a ...... of 200 loaves every hour. 15. Hundreds of migrant workers arrive in the city every day, many carrying no more than a small ...... of clothes and other personal possessions. 16...... of youths can often be seen hanging around on street corners looking for trouble. Больше ресурсов по изучению английского на List-English.ru general vocabulary phrases in the boxes. In some cases, more than one answer may be possible. be may answer one than more cases, some In boxes. the in phrases . ds player disc A 2. and words the of form correct the ith w ork w objects these how of descriptions the Complete 1 . aircraft n A 4. . aerosol n A 3. . temostat therm A 1. . dgtl camera digital A 5. How something works something How il o /c il o /c A therm ostat ostat therm A stesrp/coil o / c strip the As h ds and n a disc the ic lyr freape i a o ue) a svrl o oet at. ds is i disc A parts. ponent com several has puter) o t com a begins in and player example, the (for player disc A paes r o speakers h bd, wi n h ln cle a called lens the in w o d in w a body, the ig. is h T wings. control. other or dial a using eie lk me r tcs wih ae o vn parts. oving m no have which sticks, ory em m like devices vrte ig. s t i As wings. the over dgtlcamera e m a c digital A ombi i n tio a in b m co g in e b largely are discs Nowadays, control. other or knob button, a of means aea ch ic h w camera, an called w o d in w smaller ut f ih gig no h cmr is camera the into going light of ount m a otarrf e r a aircraft Most it steaicaft ircra a the As lift. are gas and liquid aerosol, an In ...... ntecmr, n hscn ae be b later can this and camera, the in ...... adjust bend connect contain contract cool down down cool off turn contract up heat contain expand connect disconnect bend adjust ovr dces ha ices isr rpae spin replace insert increase view hear strike decrease convert opes xad ev mx pn uh release push open mix leave expand compress ceeae rae lw om ae oe ul produce pull move made form flow create accelerate dut oss cnrl onod ne ht pn press open hit enter download control consist adjust eod store record ...... rm tetb by b tube the from by the person using the camera. The light light The camera. the using person the by ...... contains ...... h met ls ta e m the , d n a ...... Б ...... о a strip or coil of steel and a strip or coil of copper, one on top of the other. the of top on one copper, of coil or strip a and steel of coil or strip a it Te arrf is aircraft The lift. on a screen. Volum e or brightness can be be can brightness or e Volum screen. a on iia sgas no ons r mgs wih a be b can which images, or sounds into signals digital л h ueand n a tube the ...... ь h lgta dgtl mg.Te iae is image The image. digital a as light the aperture. ш . ft mi prs a oyad ln. e bto is button a hen W lens. a and body a parts: main o tw of of alum inium , and require tw o forces to allow them to fly: thrust and thrust fly: to them allow to forces o tw require and , inium alum of temet ls ta e m the ...... adtesic is switch the ...... and ...... owado h rududrtepwe fisegns r...... ir a its engines, of er pow the under ground the on ard forw е t a wth whi h ic h w switch, a ith w р aser, ste fa е с ...... A t the same time, a thin beam of light called a laser a called light of beam thin a time, same the t A oh h sutr pe ad h sz o te prue a be can aperture the of size the and speed shutter the Both у ...... р ...... с ...... bto, ch ic h w button, a huter tte u sh о ...... в ...... п n mtl n / r ad lsi tb. hs a be can This tube. plastic hard or / and metal a in о nt computer. a to on и ...... t oye, t api ly id p ra it oxygen, ith w з . oetrs, vcu is i vacuum a thrust, more but one does it faster than the other. The strip The other. the than faster it does one but у note i b h oc o hs lift. this of force the by air the into ...... the pow er supply. W hen the strip the hen W supply. er pow ...... the ч е y oh h sed f hs hte, n a and shutter, this of speed the both by н ...... и n lght h lig and ю а н г л ...... sno i te oy f the of body the in sensor a и he hr sa s...... is ostat therm e Th vle Whn h liquid-gas the hen W valve. a ...... й с к ...... о г ...... о ...... on a m em ory card ory em m a on н r o h cmr. The camera. the а List-English.ru ...... on ...... by storage by ...... over the over through into by eea vocabulary general Joining / becoming part of something bigger The sentences below all contain a w ord or phrase in italics which is related to the idea of two or more things joining together, sometimes with the result that they become part of something bigger. However, the words and phrases have all been put into the wrong sentence. Put them into their correct sentence. In some cases, more than one answer is possible. 1 Write the correct verb at the end of each sentence. 1. His salary is merged to the cost of living, and increases on an annual basis, linked 2. The International Book Association blended with Universal Press in 2010 to form the International Press...... 3. To get a better finish, he swallowed up the two paints together...... 4. The firm integrated w ith its main com petitor in the battle to w in more customers...... 5. The suggestions from all the committees were took over into the main proposal...... 6. The immigrants faced hostility when they were first incorporated into the community. 7. A lot of students had problems before they amalgamated into college life...... 8. When the large international college got together the smaller school, a lot of people lost their jobs...... 9. The students linked one evening and decided to protest about their situation...... 10. A large international company assimilated our firm last month and started making immediate changes...... 2 Write the correct noun at the end of each sentence. 1. The alloy between England and France came close to breaking down many times during the nineteenth century...... 2. The synthesis between England and Scotland is over 300 years old...... 3. Last year, the three regional organisations responsible for helping homeless people formed a national blend to help and support one another...... 4. Brass is a w ell-know n alliance of copper and zinc...... 5. W ater is a coalition of hydrogen and oxygen...... 6. The plan is a unification of several earlier proposals...... 7. The merger of Italy did not occur until the second half of the nineteenth century...... 8. The company made its fortune by selling a popular union of coffee...... 9. The proposed federation of the Liberal and Labour Parties in the election was cause for much ridicule...... 10. As a result of the compound with the other company, Flax International became the largest in its field. 25 Больше ресурсов по изучению английского на List-English.ru 26 general vocabulary tell us that som eone dislikes som ething). Underline the correct answer. correct the a or Underline ething) ething). som som ants dislikes w or eone likes som ebody that us som tell that us tell they 4. . Researchare shoppers suggests that 2. 3. Decide if the w ords and phrases in bold in these sentences have a have sentences these in bold in phrases and ords w the if Decide . I'm 9. brother My 8. and person, punctual He'savery 7. people Bigoted 6. 5. A lot of people people of lot A 5. 1 13. and wet, and cold were 12. We are people of lot 11. A 10. She's ie &dislikes Likes 5 I'm 15. 14. 16. She's a vegetarian, and the thought of eating meat meat eating of thought the and She's16.avegetarian, 18. We had been working very hard, and were were and hard, very working been had 18. We often are bread essential and like in itemsmilk for come who customers that know 17. Supermarkets Te da ftaeln aon h ol really world the around travelling of idea The . Positive I I Positive tem pted by by pted tem I I can never understand why people are soare people why understand never can don't like early morning starts, and absolutely absolutely starts, and morning likeearly don't always always like him, but unfortunately he unfortunately but like him, passionate about about passionate fascinated by by fascinated fond of of fond / / look forw ard to to ard forw look Negative Negative fancies fancies special offers on other products. other special on offers lsia msc adwud iet b classicala be like to pianist. classical would music, and detest detest disgust disgust new technology, and spend a lot of money on the latest electronic gadgets. gadgets. electronic latest the on money of lot a spend and technology, new Б spending some time working abroad. abroad. working time some spending keen on on keen о flying, but rarely get the chance to go anywhere by plane. by anywhere go chance to the rarely get but flying, efo, n sm r vn legct it. allergicto even are some and seafood, л ewt hi ml-idd attitudes. small-minded their with me ь y nls lessons. English my ш longed for for longed е football, but it doesn't interest me. interest itdoesn't but football, р can't stand stand can't е dreads dreads с у attracted to to attracted р с a hot drink. drink. hot a о being late for anything. anything. latefor being в captivated by by captivated п yearning for for yearning me. Positive / Negative / Positive о Positive appeals to to appeals и loathe loathe Positive brightly-lit, colourful displays. colourful brightly-lit, з у ч Positive / Negative / Positive repels repels / е н Negative aigt e u fbd early.bed of out get to having / negative connotation negative и royal weddings. weddings. royal holiday.a Negative me. Positive ю her. а Positive positive connotation positive Positive н Positive г Positive Positive Positive л / и Positive Negative й Positive / Negative с / Negative / к / / Negative / о Negative Positive Negative г Negative / о / Negative Negative (for example, they they example, (for н Positive Positive а List-English.ru / Negative (for example, example, (for / / Negative Negative eea vocabulary general Location & direction 1 Look at the map and town guide, and complete the sentences with the words and phrases in the box. D E H I K o Arroort (8km) M O N <=■ W + E >=> S £ Town guide A Wellington Road F Shops K Museum P Art gallery B Shopping centre G Market L Green Street Q Cafe C Swan Street H Mill Road M Western Avenue R Town Hall D Library I Police station N Chestnut Park S Elm Square E Health club J Lincoln Street O College T Station at right angles to to the east of on the north side of diagonally opposite in the middle of on the south side of directly opposite on parallel to halfway along on the corner of surrounded by halfway between on the left-hand side of to the west of 1. The library is...... the police station. 2. The airport is 8km ...... the town. 3. The station is...... Elm Square. 4. Chestnut Park is ...... the town. 5. The Town Hall is...... Elm Square. 6. The cafe is...... Chestnut Park. 7. The museum is...... Lincoln Street. 8. Wellington Road is...... Mill Road. 9. Swan Street is...... Lincoln Street. 10. The shopping centre is ...... Swan Street. 11. Western Avenue is...... Elm Square and Mill Road 12. The college is...... the museum. 13. The market is...... shops. 14. The health club is...... Green Street. 15. The art gallery is...... Western Avenue and Green Street. 27 Больше ресурсов по изучению английского на List-English.ru 28 general vocabulary eeyu r going. are you here w 2 N o w look at this map and guide. Find w here you are on it, then fo llo w the directions to find out out find to directions the w llo fo then it, on are you here w Find guide. and map this at look w o N 2 on guide Town A the third building on your right. your on building third the J C o ae on to...... o t going are You G 1 n o h ra. o attecnm adtk h eod od nyu lf.Te lc o at is want placeyou left.The your on road second the take and cinema past the Go road. the of end E D B H F Directions: Go along the High Street, and turn left at the crossroads. Carry on and turn right at the atthe right turn and on crossroads. Carry the at left turn and Street, High the along Go Directions: oain &direction Location Theatre rvl agency Travel Supermarket Postoffice Hotel Bank cafe Internet Bakery Electrical store Hairdresser Б о л ь ш е р R е с у р с о в п о и T Q 0 S N M L K R P з o ae ee 1> here are You у Coffee shop Coffee Cinema Surgery Language school Language Restaurant Department store Department store Furniture Library store phone Mobile shop Book ч е н и ю а н г л и й с к о г о н а List-English.ru o eea vocabulary general Location & direction 3 Complete these directions using the words and phrases in the box. In each case, begin from the place labelled 'You are here'. You will need to use some words / phrases more than once. crossroads on your right first second go along take the first go past take the second go to the end the end last turn left on your left turn right Directions to the supermarket (1 )...... of the High Street and (2) ...... Go along this road and (3 )...... road (4 )...... The supermarket is the (5 )...... building (6 )...... Directions to the lanauaae school (7 )...... the High Street, and (8) ...... at the (9 )...... (1 0 )...... road (1 1 )...... , and the language school is the (1 2 )...... building (13)...... Directions to the book shop (1 4 )...... the High Street and (15) ...... at the (1 6 )...... Go to (1 7 )...... of this road and (1 8 )...... again, then (1 9 )...... road (2 0 )...... (2 1 )...... the library. and the book shop is the (2 2 )...... building (23)...... 4 Choose three other places on the map and write your own directions. 1. 2 . 3 . 29 Больше ресурсов по изучению английского на List-English.ru 30 general vocabulary w ord is correct in the context of the sentence. Use each prefix once only. once prefix each Use sentence. the of context the in iscorrect ord w . mi ad oil ewokn ests e v a h websites orking netw social and Email 4. 2. The conference is a is conference The 2. the that so box, the from prefix a adding by sentences the in bold in ord w each (change) odify M 1 . n e new e n her In 3. 6. Despite being knocked out of the W orld Cup in the the in Cup orld W the of out knocked being Despite 6. hold can companies technology, Internet to Thanks 1. 7. O nly a small percentage of students w h o do a university degree go on to do do to on go degree university a do o h w students of percentage small a nly O 7. . epeejyterjb mc mr i hygto t ir e h t ith w on get they if more much jobs their enjoy People 8. 9. If you knew about all the potentially dangerous dangerous potentially the all about knew you If 9. . notntl, h poet em xedd s t i exceeded team project the Unfortunately, 5. Modified words Modified 1 I o fe ta yu ae ec v d ive ce re have you that feel you If 11. 10 15. I was an an a and was I one, 15. English-French an dictionaries: o tw have I 14. 3 Atoat tre lvn o e h t on living started o t Astronauts airship 13. first the became Zeppelin Graf the 1929, In 12. 6 Tect i o iss city The 16...... utmr rudtewol t laigte office. the leaving t u o ith w orld w the around customers oefsiaig ae bu hr ie n h pn road. open the on life her about tales fascinating some semi auto studies. o mn n wo n lk, n pol utcoeteoete lkdte most. the liked they one the chose just people and alike, en om w and men for money. ore m w rro o b elation, and the certainty that w e w ould go all the w ay the next time. next the ay w the all go ould w e w that certainty the and elation, dishcloth, you w ould probably never use one again! one use never probably ould w you dishcloth, r otsno mpoe i eitl rte hn i utl later. until ait w than rather mediately im ployee em senior most or o work. ew hom sex sex u eetrans tele sub bi ...... fragrances are believed to be a m odern invention, but a century ago all perfumes were perfumes all ago century a but invention, odern m a be to believed are fragrances ...... icmCO circum achiever achiever biography, biography, Б ...... populated populated о л ь ш t col awy gtig o rds n et ad or ak i my in marks poor and tests in grades low getting always school, at annual annual е р h tae wrtr n bodatr uy ps ras e raes to readers her treats Apps Lucy broadcaster and riter w travel the ht t sams ipsil ofn ay eet live. to here anyw find to impossible isalmost it that е ...... с ne mco oo vr ot pre post over mono micro inter vn, n uulytks lc i Mrh n September. and March in place takes usually and event, у ...... ne uni under р с о national national в standard standard п ...... о и ...... pc Sain n 2000. in Station Space з у formed formed ч evc, o sol cmli t te anager m the to complain should you service, е ...... determined determined ...... н ...... и ю h y epecmmunicate. com people ay w the -organisms -organisms а lingual lingual ...... navigate navigate conferences conferences н fnl tee a a ra sne of sense great a was there -final, г л и ee o sedn, n hd to had and spending, of level -workers. й nls one. English с h orld. w the к о ht ie n n average an on live that г t ter gns and agents their ith w о н а List-English.ru ...... graduate eea vocabulary general Modified words 2 N ow do the same w ith these. Use the same prefixes from the box in Exercise 1. 1...... waves work by passing electricity through food rather than by heating it. 2. The late twentieth century saw enormous advances in ...... communications, w ith the development of the Internet being of particular importance. 3. In 1986, against everybody else's wishes, the ruling governm ent made t h e ...... lateral decision to close half the country's coal mines. 4. The suburbs consist of nothing but mile after mile o f ...... -detached houses and apartment blocks. 5. On long-distance flights, the aircraft is flown b y ...... pilot most of the time, with the real pilots only assuming occasional control. 6. I speak English and Spanish, but my Spanish is quite limited, so unfortunately I wouldn't say I'm ...... lingual. 7. There are strict laws against advertising tobacco products, but with a bit of imagination, many of these can be easily...... vented. 8. A lot of the city was destroyed during the war, so during the immediate ...... -w ar years, the government embarked on a massive reconstruction programme. 9. I think I passed my exams, but it would b e ...... mature to say that I've done well in all of them . 10. A third of the children were found to b e ...... weight as a result of a high-fat, high-sugar diet. 11. It is believed that many people who dislike water have a ...... conscious fear of drowning. 12. Most of the schools in my country a r e ...... educational, although there are a few boy-only and girl-only institutions. 13. W e ran out of money because w e had estimated how much the trip would cost. 14. The aviator Charles Lindbergh made the first solo ...... atlantic flight in 1927. 15. Part of our course was to study t h e ...... relationship between stress and illness, and especially to what extent one resulted in the other. 16. He knew a lot about his subject, but he spoke in such a d u ll ...... tone that his students w ould often fall asleep. 31 Больше ресурсов по изучению английского на List-English.ru 32 general vocabulary describes. 4. W ater slowly turning into vapour. vapour. into turning slowly ater W 4. 3. The disc tray opening and closing on a computer. computer. a on closing and opening tray disc The 3. 2. Tevrsi h o ecieteatoso h hns n - 8 Mthec ebwihtetig it thing the ith w verb each Match 18. 1 - in things the of actions the describe box the in verbs 1 The 7. A loose wheel on a car. car. a on wheel loose A 7. 9. A pane of glass in a w in d o w frame w hen a large vehicle passes nearby. nearby. passes vehicle large a hen w frame w o d in w a in glass of pane valve A faulty a 9. of out ing com Gas 8. axis its on around plate oving m unwashed Earth an on planet solid e Th ing becom 6. oil or fat Cooking 5. &actions Objects . trcagn fo lqi t a oi sae eas ftecl, freeze cold, the of because state solid a to liquid a from changing ater W 1. 2 N ow do the same w ith these. ith w same the do ow N 2 ______heat high very in liquid a to solid a from changing Glass 4. 12. Cliffs being slowly destroyed by the sea the by destroyed slowly being Cliffs 12. colour. its losing is it often so washed been has which T-shirt A 10. . os lwysnig nosf ound n u ro g soft into sinking slowly house A 2. . rfi moig motl ln a tr ay otorw m a along oothly sm oving m Traffic 3. flames no but hotter. smoke gets it as off metal giving Cold fire a 14. on ood w p dam Slightly 13. orning m the in up ing com sun e Th 11. 6. Th e population of a to w n becom ing bigger. bigger. ing becom n w to a of population e Th 6. p u ing blow glass the in suddenly b forms bom mistake break by A 18. cup thin a of long, a out that so falling stone a Coffee by 17. hit longer. being w becomes o it d in w that so A 16. pulled being elastic of piece A 15. . ubr al itn h rud n gig ak note air. the into back going and ground the hitting ball rubber A 5. . h at moig rudte Sun the around oving m Earth The 1. h rm i a ahn mcie vn eyqiky n t ia saeo wash. a of stage final its in quickly very oving m machine washing a in drum The vibrate freeze congeal trickle rwmeander grow oneburn bounce ek ie oae slide rotate rise leak wobble rc eoe evaporate erode crack Б о л odne otat rml rp float erupt crumble contract condense ь ...... et eov rn set ring revolve melt ш е ...... р е ...... с ...... у ...... р с ...... о ...... в п ...... о ...... и з mudrsil pn stretch spin spill smoulder у expand ...... ч е н и ...... ю ...... а ...... н ik pedsubside spread sink xld fade explode г ...... л и й с к о ...... г о ...... н а List-English.ru flow eea vocabulary general Objects & actions 7. Th e sun going dow n in the evening...... 8. Gas or steam changing into a liquid...... 9. A wide river going through the countryside in big curves...... 10. Documents being laid out on a table...... 11. Water coming very slowly out of a tap ...... 12. A slice of bread in a toaster turning black and beginning to give off smoke...... 13. A lump of dry earth being rubbed between somebody's fingers...... 14. Hot metal as it gets cooler...... 15. An old-fashioned alarm clock suddenly going off...... 16. A boat going to the bottom of a river...... 17. Dead fish lying on the surface of a polluted lake...... 18. A volcano throw ing out lava and ash...... 3 Some of the words in Exercise 1 and 2 can be used in more than one way, often w ith a different meaning. Complete these sentences with an appropriate word (the definition of the word you need in italics after each sentence will help you). You will need to change the form of some of the words. 1. The company froze its employees wages until the end of the year, (to say officially that the rate or level of something must stay the same and not increase) 2. Some p e o p le ...... through life without really knowing what they want to do. (to behave in a way that shows you do not have a clear plan for what you want to do) 3. Food prices have b e e n ...... steadily all year, (to increase in amount) 4. As the light ...... in the evening, people start coming out onto the street, (to become less bright) 5. He managed t o ...... a two-hour presentation into 30 minutes, (to make something shorter or smaller) 6. As the storms slowly died out, the floodwaters g ra d u a lly ...... (to become lower) 7. The discussion w e had last night ...... around the problem of finding affordable accommodation, (to have something as the main or most important part of a subject) 8. You c a n ...... the machine to turn itself on or off at a particular time, (to make a piece of equipment ready to operate) 9. As soon the company's website went on-line, orders began t o ...... in. (to arrive or leave in small amounts or numbers) 10. The queue for tickets was so long i t ...... all the w ay dow n the street, (to continue fora long distance) 11. Once a week we get together and ...... ideas off each other, (to discuss ideas w ith other people in order to get their opinion and make a decision) 12. They wanted to keep the story secret, but someone ...... it to the press, (to give private or secret information to journalists or to the public) 33 Больше ресурсов по изучению английского на List-English.ru 34 general vocabulary 4. Students doing holiday jobs are are jobs holiday doing Students 4. 2. Parents can be made made be can Parents 2. 3. He was was He 3. Underline the correct answer. Use the words and phrases in bold to help you decide. you help to bold in phrases and words the Use answer. correct the Underline 6. Some companies companies Some 6. 4. Attendance at all classesis...... all at Attendance 4. some In above. exercise the from phrase or ord w appropriate an ith w sentences these Complete 2 is It 9. are afternoons ednesday W on Classes was 8. there button; red the pressed she and ergency em an was It 7. sentences at Look 1 &option Obligation cases, more than one answer may be possible. be may answer one than more cases, impose to voted Nations United The 5. .Im fad have v a h I afraid I'm 2. are eraser and pencil a exam, the During 1. 6. 3. 8. 9. 7. 10. The museum is asking visitors for a for visitors isasking museum The 10. 5. 1. 0 hlrns lte are...... e r a clothes Children's 10. A lot o f companies ask their employees to work long hours. long work to employees their ask companies f o lot A Students doing holiday jobs pay a smaller am ount o f income tax than other people. other than tax income f o ount am smaller a pay jobs holiday doing Students True / False / True owe. children their oney m the for responsible legally be may Parents He had the choice whether or not to pay back the m oney that he had won. had he that oney m the back pay to not or whether choice the had He iiost h onr e...... re a country the to Visitors It is necessary to attend classes on Wednesday afternoons. Wednesday classes on attend to is necessary It the end of the course. the of end the eraser. an and pencil a with you provide will exam the organising people The w ithout exception. ithout w It is your choice whether or not to wear a crash helmet when you ride a ride motorcycle. you when helmet crash a wear to not or whether choice is your It h Uie Ntos moe lglybnig acin wih a t b oee b everyone, by obeyed be to had which sanctions legally-binding imposed Nations United The hr ws ohn es se ol d; h hd o e f h aam ypesn te e button. red the pressing by alarm the off set to had she do; could she else nothing was There mot otecsos officer. customs the to imports fyu r cuh peig yuwl be b will you speeding, caught are you If In some countries, there is a there countries, some In museum. the visit to £2 pay to need don't You o iiost Bian rm otiete uoen no, vs my be may visa a Union, European the outside from Britain to visitors For n rtrd epe ...... o d people retired any M Most new cars come w ith ith w come cars new Most ht i e pol r o t try people hen w it hate I compulsory obliged to obliged owera rs hle n motorcycle. a on helmet crash a ear w to ...... force Б 1-10 re/ False/ True a bc h moe hth hdwon. w had he that oney m the back pay о liable for liable л hi mlye owor ln husfr o pay. low for hours long rk o w to employees their ь n dcd i te xlnto wih olw ec oe s re r false. or true is one each follows which explanation the if decide and ш ...... е ...... р their children's debts. children's their е exempt from exempt с у voluntary р mandatory с optional. о ...... в required. п о donation of £2. of donation paying income tax. income paying True / False/ True и sanctions on the country. the on sanctions ...... but to resign from the committee. the from resign to but ...... з ...... у ч from VAT. from е н .. r i ter oa cmmunity. m com local their in ork w otherwise you may not get a certificate at certificate a get not may you otherwise и to declare any excess tobacco or alcohol or excess tobacco any declare to air-conditioning. ю death sentence for all drug traffickers. drug all for sentence death True True et d o tig don' like. 't n o d I ething som do to me True True а н / г no alternative. no л False / и False й True / False / True с the paym ent of the fine. the of ent paym the к о г о True False True / н re/ False / True а List-English.ru True /False True True True / False eea vocabulary general Opinion, attitude & belief 1 The words in italics in the following sentences are all grammatically incorrect (for example, a noun has been used instead of an adjective, or a verb has been used instead of a noun, etc.). Decide what the correct form of the word should be in each sentence, and write your answers in the crossword on the next page. 1. I think that people need to show greater tolerate of each other. 2. Some major companies are obsession w ith secrecy. 3. I reckoning that global warming is having more of an effect than we think. 4. We strongly suspicious that the proposal to develop the computer facilities will be rejected. 5. Some people are extremely bigotry, especially regarding things like race or religion. 6. I very much doubtful that the situation will improve in the near future. 7. A lot of people are fanatic about sport in general and football in particular. 8. He was very hard-working and dedication to his research. 9. In my opinionated, people don't take enough exercise. 10. I consider myself to be a pragmatist person, and believe that results are more important than theories or ideas. 11. Team members need to be completely commitment, and prepared to work for long hours. 12. The governm ent is regardless foreign debt, especially in developing countries, as a major barrier to global economic development. 13. People often indicate their disapprove of something through their body language rather than words. 14. I maintenance that many young people would rather work than continue with their studies. 15. As far as I am concerning, happiness is more important than money. 16. Unhappy people often have a cynic view of life. 17. I take strong exceptional to people coming late or cancelling appointments at short notice. 18. M any scientists are convincingly that human activity is threatening the future of many animal and plant species. 19. M y parents are tradition people who believe that children should not have too much freedom. 20. He had very conservatism views and did not like change of any sort. 35 Больше ресурсов по изучению английского на List-English.ru 36 general vocabulary Cmlt hs etne t te od fo Eecs 1 Yu il ihr ed wod rm the from ord w a need either will You 1. Exercise from words the ith w sentences these Complete 2 sentences sentences . stongly g n tro s I 4. Opinion, attitude & belief & attitude Opinion, 2. She's very well organised, and always takes a takes always and organised, well very She's 2. . oe e...... m blt osced bt a dtrie t poete r rong. w are they prove to determined am I but behaviour. succeed, and to ability outlook ...... my le p their o e tly...... in p an Some in m do re p 9. are communities farm Small 8...... d n a bition am need you life, in succeed To 6. . ' absolutely I'm 3. . y M 5. 7. M y father w o n 't ...... anyone w h o questions his decisions. his questions o h w ...... anyone 't n o w father y M 7. . epe r often...... f tagr, n rfs t tut noe nes hy nw them know they unless anyone trust to refuse and strangers, ...... of n e t f o are People 1. 10. A lot of people in my c o u n try ...... that the current economic crisis will get worse before worse get will crisis economic current the ...... that try n u o c my in people of lot A 10. very well. very tgt better. gets it ...... sta epewho ra a o r mr itrsigta pol don't. o h w people than interesting more are lot a read o h w people ...... isthat r o from the completed crossword. In some cases, more than one answer may be possible. be may answer one than more cases, some In crossword. completed the from ...... bu keigft ad ot h gm t es nea day. a once least at gym the to go and fit, keeping ...... about Б о л fsoig ad euet lt epesoe n home. y m in smoke people let to refuse and smoking, of ь ш е р е с у р с о в п о ...... и з у ч е н и ю praht polm solving. problem to approach а н г л и й с к о г о н а List-English.ru eea vocabulary general Opposites: adjectives Replace the adjectives in bold in these sentences with a word from the box which has an opposite meaning in the context of the sentence. approximate deaf chronic costly crude delicate detrimental dim easy even flexible graceful innocent marked obligatory reluctant scarce widespread 1. The terms and conditions on the contract are ambiguous, c/ear 2. According to the people who knew him, he was a very awkward person to work with ...... 3. I had never seen a dancer w h o was so clumsy...... 4. The changes he made were beneficial to the organisation as a w hole...... 5. W e need exact figures before w e decide if w e can go ahead w ith the project...... 6. Following a lengthy investigation, they decided that the company was guilty...... 7. W hat do you get if you add up all the odd numbers between 1 and 100?...... 8. Despite the weather, supplies of food after the harvest were plentiful...... 9. There are very rigid laws regarding building on green belts around a c ity ...... 10. I've noticed a slight difference in his attitude over the last few w e e k s...... 11. The villagers have designed a sophisticated device for turning dirty water into clean drinking w a te r...... 12. The spices used in the production of some international dishes have a very strong flavour. 13. The blackness of the night was broken by a strong orange light which was visible on the horizon. 14. Student attendance at extra-curricular activities is voluntary...... 15. Most students say they are willing to attend classes on Saturday morning...... 16. Th e tornado caused localised dam age...... 17. He made his fortune by im porting cheap perfume and clothing material...... 18. People w ith mild allergies to dust were advised to remain indoors and close their windows. 37 Больше ресурсов по изучению английского на List-English.ru 38 general vocabulary the verbs. the an opposite meaning in the context of the sentence. You will need to change the form of most of most of form the change to need will You sentence. the of context the in meaning opposite an elc h vrso vr prss n od n hs snecswih wod rm h bx hc has which box the from ord w a ith w sentences these in bold in phrases verb or verbs the Replace . h o ay eue o e mmeso h pbi ne h building b the enter public the of members let to refused pany com The 4. . h d te htse a lf h do ulce whn h lf h house the left she hen w unlocked door the left had she that itted adm She 2. 3. Aerial footage shows h o w quickly the floodwaters are advancing are floodwaters the quickly w o h shows footage Aerial 3. 9. Relations between the tw o countries have im proved considerably in the last few years few last research. the in their ith considerably w proved im continue have to not countries or o tw er th the he w between decide Relations to had 9. they out, ran oney proposal m the original n the he W riting rew by 8. matters complicated He 2004 in 7. built was factory The 6. verbs Opposites: 5. M any shopkeepers attacked the decision to make the street traffic-free street the make to decision the attacked shopkeepers any M 5. 1. W hen our trip was cancelled, w e rejected the travel company's offer of a partial refund, refund, partial a of offer company's travel the rejected e w cancelled, was trip our hen W 1. 0 Pnsigyug hlrn n re ogtte owor ad s i m pno, ong n ro w opinion, my in is, hard rk o w to them get to order in children young Punishing 10. 6 H ls i psto a ha o h eat ent departm the of head as position his lost He 16. year. the of months three first the in ent cafes sharply and rose Prices appointm his 13. of restaurant most months in o ed tw allow is ithin w pany Smoking com 12. the of standards overall the raised He 11. 8 Eeyn ako egdal h hr wok hd done had I ork w hard the all rapidly n ledged w o d acknow slows Everyone vehicle 18. the button, red the pushing By 17. £5,000 over rope the in deposited knots and the bank the tighten to t you n e sure I w 15. make else, anything do you Before 14. eeirt fl fri inr loe lwr ean retreat retain lower deny loosen demolish ignore defend forbid agree fall accept accelerate deteriorate abandon ead ipiy withdraw simplify reward Б о л ь ш е ...... р е с у р с о в п о ...... и ...... з у ч е ...... н и ...... ю ...... а н г л ...... и й ...... с ...... к о ...... г о н а List-English.ru ...... accepted eea vocabulary general Ownership, giving, lending & borrowing 1 Complete the sentences with an appropriate noun from the box. In some cases, more than one answer is possible. belongings donation estate landlords loan mortgage owners possessions property proprietors rent tenants I. The law ensures that ...... respect the privacy of the people who live in their houses and flats. 2...... of restaurants across the country protested when the government announced it was going to impose a tax on some foods. 3. W hen private c a r ...... sell their vehicle, they must produce a certificate to prove the car has been paid for in full. 4. The price of com m e rcial...... in the city centre has doubled in the last three years. 5. Mornington Park, a 250-acre private ...... in Wenfordshire, is open to members of the public at weekends. 6. Many families in the area lost their home and all of their ...... when the river flooded. 7. Please put y o u r ...... in the lockers provided, and hand your key to the receptionist for safekeeping. 8. W e took out a ...... to help pay for our trip. 9. A lot of people lost their homes when interest rates rose so high they were unable to continue paying off t h e ir ...... 10. Only a few people in the apartment block actually own their flat. Most of them are council II. The law does very little to protect families who are evicted from their homes because they are unable to pay the monthly ...... 12. I make a small monthly...... to a local charity for homeless people. 2 Most of the verbs in bold below are in the wrong sentence. If the verb is correct, put a tick ( ^ ) at the end of the sentence. If the verb is wrong, write the correct verb at the end of the sentence. 1. Banks will usually refuse to present money to anyone unless they have a regular job ...... 2. The best w ay to see the country is to a provide car for a couple of weeks...... 3. Companies who allocate heavily from banks to keep their business going are rarely able to pay it back...... 4. If you want to rent a room in the city centre, you should be prepared to pay a lot of money. 5. After her speech, the principal will lend prizes to the students who have made the greatest contribution to the school...... 6. I believe that everyone should donate m oney to charities...... 7. Local councils will borrow accommodation to the most needy on a first-come, first-served basis. 8. Many charitable organisations hire free medical help and support to areas hit by disasters. 39 Больше ресурсов по изучению английского на List-English.ru 40 general vocabulary Write a preposition(s) or partide(s) from the box after each verb in bold in these sentences to make to sentences these in bold in verb each after box the from partide(s) or preposition(s) a Write . h o te mmesfell e f members ittee m com The 2. sentence. each of end the at italics in is verb phrasal each of meaning The verbs. phrasal 4. A t the last m inute w e had to to had e w inute m last the t A 4. 6. M any developing countries are failing to to failing are countries developing any M 6. 8. A n alarm ing num ber of students students of ber num ing alarm n A 8. to refused y The 3. 7. 9. M ajor international companies can't can't companies international ajor M 9. 5. I can always always can I 5. 1. Some parents are criticised for the w ay they they ay w the for criticised are parents Some 1. 21. In the late 1990s, a lot of large superm arket chains chains arket superm large of lot a 1990s, late the In 21. 20. It is becom ing m ore com m on for people to to people for on m com ore m ing becom is It 20. 22. 0 I hyeaie h susmoecoey hywol nd in f ould w they closely, ore m issues the examined they If 10. 4 Whn I hen W 24. 23. In this essay, I'd like to to like I'd essay, this In 23. 12. Students can be quite creative w ith the reasons they give for not not for give they reasons the ith w creative quite be can Students 12. 1 verbs Phrasal 15. The lecturer lecturer The 15. but detailed, isvery article The 14. 17. M any employees employees any M 17. rarely very Salaries 13. e w As 11. 18. Once people people Once 18. 16. Before you w rite your essay, you should should you essay, your rite w you Before 16. 19. The first step to a healthier lifestyle is to is to lifestyle healthier a to step first The 19. stewi di s ie d d in w the As W hen com puter technology fails us, w e have to to have e w us, fails technology puter com hen W something) neighbours, neighbours, (accept an unpleasant state o f affairs, and try to deal with it) with deal to try and affairs, f o state unpleasant an (accept m ovem ent, ent, ovem m vr o p with up to over include) hom ew ork, ork, ew hom (discover) out on off of into in forward down behind back They're called 'pen and paper', paper', and 'pen called They're (showed) pressure from their bank, bank, their from pressure been run by small, independent retailers, retailers, independent small, by run been {reduce) the case for something) for case the made for me. me. for made w o r g ook o lo fn thr o understand) to hard it (find (giving their teachers) their (giving pointed t n u o c ...... level) same the to (get ...... m hlho, rme e h maysciie my parents y m sacrifices any m the ber em rem I childhood, ...... my all fa (think about something that happened in the past) the in happened that something about (think face ...... carried ...... eep e ke Б ...... their responsibilities, w ith disastrous consequences. disastrous ith w responsibilities, ...... their ...... all of the places on the map w here similar incidents had occurred. had incidents similar here w map the on places the of ...... all о t u p л our priorities change, change, priorities our ...... the cost of living, living, of cost ...... the ь ...... (become late) (become ш ...... е w ith their m ortgage payments, they come under extreme financial extreme under come they payments, ortgage m their ith w the heat and hum idity gradually begin to rise, to begin gradually idity hum and heat the ...... my best friend to be there w hen I need him. him. need I hen w there be to friend best my leaves ll a c р (use something because there is nothing else available) else isnothing there because something (use е op ro d с ...... у w orking despite pressure from the unions, unions, the from pressure despite orking w р ...... the reasons for dem ographic change, change, ographic dem for reasons ...... the the argum ents for and against globalism. globalism. against and for ents argum the с ...... school early every year, year, every early ...... school figure figure t u c о ook o lo over plans for the new health centre, centre, health new the for plans over в (assumed control) (assumed atch ca ...... am ount of salt you consume. you salt of ount ...... am t u c п i g rin b ...... о (change from being children to being adults), being to children being from (change ...... our visit to the museum, museum, the to visit our ...... и ...... з ae o d make ...... у ook o to ч е н ...... и h Prys itr. ( history. Party's the h pplrt o te anti-capitalist the of popularity the ю meat from their diet, diet, their from meat ...... oe rmtv methods. primitive ...... more а their children, children, their н г л и the reasons for the changes. the for reasons the й rmssta a previously had that premises handing handing с (rise at the same speed as) speed same the at (rise к nt o o ha with ahead go to (not о hi moe developed ore m their г (rely о (becomes less strong) (becomes research) (raise) н (argued) ...... а / (suggest or state or (suggest (continued) (stop eating) (stop List-English.ru depend) (leave) (does not (does their eea vocabulary general Phrasal verbs 2 Complete the second sentence in each pair with a phrasal verb from the box so that it has the same meaning as the first sentence. You will need to change the verb form in many of the sentences. break down carry out cut back on cut off do away with do up end up fall through hold up keep on let down let off pull out of pull through show up sort out split up wear off wear out work out 1. Peace talks between the two countries collapsed when neither side reached an agreement. Peace talks between the tw o countries...... w hen neither side reached an agreement. 2. I'm trying to calculate if we've sold more this year than last year. I'm trying t o ...... if w e've sold more this year than last year. 3. The effects of the drug disappear after a few hours. The effects of the d r u g ...... after a few hours. 4. A lot of people exhaust themselves through overwork. A lot of p e o p le ...... them selves...... through overwork. 5. Despite the severity of the disease, many people recover with the help of appropriate drugs. Despite the severity of the disease, many people ...... w ith the help of appropriate drugs. 6. Through careful negotiation, they were able to resolve the problem. Through careful negotiation, they were able t o ...... the problem. 7. When parents start to live apart, it can be particularly difficult for their children to cope. W hen parents...... it can be particularly difficult for their children to cope. 8. At the opening night, only a few audience members came. At the opening night, only a few audience members...... 9. The Australian partners stopped being a part of the deal at the last moment. The Australian partners...... the deal at the last moment. 10. People celebrate the Chinese New Year by exploding fireworks in the street. People celebrate the Chinese New Year b y ...... fireworks in the street. 41 Больше ресурсов по изучению английского на List-English.ru 42 general vocabulary 11. It is pointless relying on people to help you if they don't do as they promised. asthey do don't they if you help to people on relying pointless is It 11. 12. N ew governm ent pension plans mean that m any people will continue w orking well into their their into well orking w continue will people any m that mean plans pension ent governm ew N 12. 4 Atte at nt, h pasfrte rpsd tr ydd' ae place. take didn't ay otorw m proposed the for plans the inute, m last the t A 14. 13. The planned changes were delayed because com m ittee members argued am ong themselves. ong am argued members ittee m com because delayed were changes planned The 13. 2 verbs Phrasal 20. It cost almost £8 million to renovate the stadium, by which tim e the team was in serious financial financial serious in was team the e tim which by stadium, the renovate to million £8 almost cost It 20. jobless. became sector ary prim the in workers any m recession, the During 15. 17. M in or economies, such as spending less on staff costs, can often prevent a com pany sliding into into sliding pany com a prevent often can costs, staff on less spending as such economies, or in M 17. patients. the on tests some did Doctors 16. 9 Oc h oen n eoe qoa, h maktwsfodd t cepfrin imports. foreign cheap ith w flooded was arket m the quotas, removed ent governm the Once 19. call. phone our of iddle m the in disconnected accidentally were e W 18. seventies. h pandcagswere r e w changes planned The seventies. h ls miue te ln o h pooe mot way a rw to o m proposed the for plans the inute, m last the t A t s onls rlig n epet hl o i y e h t if you help to people on relying pointless is It w oen n eso pasma htmaypol ill w people any m that mean plans pension ent governm ew N r accidentally ere w e W uig h rcsin maywres nte rmays t r cto se ary prim the in workers any m recession, the During bankruptcy. rs cto o D iaca difficulties. financial nr cnme, uh s a such economies, inor M difficulties. netegover t n e m rn e v o g the Once bankruptcy. t ot lot 8 ilo to t million £8 almost cost It ...... Б oetsso h patients. the on tests some о ...... л ь ш ...... е ...... р е in the m iddle of our phone call. phone our of iddle m the in с uts te re a loe wih ha oeg imports. foreign cheap ith w flooded was arket m the quotas, у р с because com m ittee members argued am ong themselves. ong am argued members ittee m com because tf css cn fe peet cmpn siig into sliding pany com a prevent often can costs, staff о h saim b wih i te em a i serious in was team the e tim which by stadium, the в п о и з у ...... ч е н и ...... ю ...... а you you н г л и й ...... jobless. с к w orkin g well into their into well g orkin w о г о н а List-English.ru eea vocabulary general Phrasal verbs 3 Complete these sentences with come, get, give, go or look to make a phrasal verb with the preposition or particle in bold. Make sure you use the correct form of the verb in each one. 1. I loved school as a child, and never really looked forward to the holidays as much as the other children. 2. In rural districts, it can be difficult t o ...... by without a car. 3. The 'drive safely' message is finally ...... through to people, and there are now fewer accidents on the roads. 4. After years of decline, government investment is revitalising the area, and things are finally ...... up for local businesses. 5. As ticket prices...... up, fewer people go to the cinema, preferring instead to stay at home and do other things. 6. I believe that people who have to ...... after elderly relatives or other dependants should receive financial support. 7. Large companies can no longer...... away w ith dumping industrial waste in rivers. 8. Even if you fail the first time, you s h o u ld ...... on trying. 9. Scientists...... across the cure by accident while they were studying the health benefits of a rare tropical plant. 10. The first step to a healthier lifestyle is t o ...... up smoking. 11. Although many children ...... up to their parents, many rebel against their values and way of life. 12. People who want to know how to ...... about starting up their own website should read Websites Made Easy. 13. The gas fire heating the container...... out, and the apparatus started to cool down rapidly. 14. We decided not t o ...... through with our plans until we had made enough money. 15. Some people tend t o ...... down on those who are less fortunate than they are. 16. Wealthy countries are usually able to ...... through a period of recession by drawing on financial reserves. 17. In any dispute with a major company, it is usually the customer w h o ...... off the worst. 18. Before I handed my essay in, I ...... through it very carefully, checking for mistakes. 19. People who live in close proximity to one another must try t o ...... on w ith their neighbours. 20. When our local council tried to build a ring road around the town, they ...... up against a lot of opposition. 43 Больше ресурсов по изучению английского на List-English.ru 44 general vocabulary h eb n prilsi h wo oe a b obndt aeprslvrs hc a hn be then can which verbs, phrasal make to combined be can boxes o tw the in particles and verbs The h is n a endn sa example. an as done been has one first The italics ay ae,yu il ed ocag te om fte eb Te enn o ah haa vr i in is verb phrasal each of meaning The verb. the of form the change to need will you cases, many below. sentences the complete to used eiewih haa vrs o noec snec, n iete nwr i h rswr gi. In grid. crossword the in answers the rite w and sentence, each into go verbs phrasal which Decide Don't forget that some phrasal verbs need tw o particles. o tw need verbs phrasal some that forget Don't 4. The y w ere reluctant to make changes, but w e managed to to managed e w but changes, make to reluctant ere w y The 4. le cos ) ^ ( across Clues . hywere r e w They 8. . r e t f A 6. . hlrn t n fte o Children 5. 4 verbs Phrasal 20. People w h o use credit cards unwisely can easily can unwisely cards credit use o h w People 20. 1 B te i h ws 8 h had a h he 18, was he e tim the By 21. o t afford even cannot people some that expensive isso cities some in odation m Accom I. . ehooyi vn tsc atpc ti olne osbeto t possible longer is it no pace fast a such at oving is m Technology 2. le dwn M n dow Clues I I . W hen I was at school, some teachers unfairly unfairly teachers some school, at was I hen W . I I . ot epewill w people Most 7. . ooywas a w Nobody 3. l fu d n n a a h c a only o but pollution t ir A job, decide 19. the any in m e, interest m an program expressed pension applicants a of lot A employees 16. their offer companies any m h ug ltho A 12. 5. H e ______the job that was offered to him, even tho u gh he was desperate for the money, money, the for desperate was he gh u tho even him, to offered was that job ______the e H 5. . tsotn go ie to t idea good a often It's 1. somebody) something is in the way) the in is something turn resemble) required, is that deposit weeks' eight the program m e and make their ow n arrangements, arrangements, n ow their make and e m program the set opt something) etc.) appointment, meeting, a for arrive street, the on living up ended and something which isoffered) which something prefered m ore creative interests and pastimes, pastimes, and interests creative ore m prefered (to make debts go up quickly) up go debts make (to is not very pleasant) very isnot (to understand or assimilate information) assimilate or understand (to at the end of each sentence. each of end the at _____ tn take stand make _____ a few unexpected difficulties, they decided to scrap the project, project, the scrap to decided they difficulties, unexpected few a ______fte prmet yter adod e te cud o ogr fod h rent, the afford longer no could they hen w landlord their by ent apartm the of ______by the governm ent's false figures on unem ploym ent, ent, ploym unem on figures false ent's governm the by pick Б one of their parents, either in their mannerisms or in the w ay they look, look, they ay w the in or mannerisms their in either parents, their of one о a stressful job if the m oney is good enough, enough, isgood oney m the if job stressful a asthma and other chest diseases in those most vulnerable, vulnerable, most those in diseases chest other and asthma л _____ ь ш talk u run put е some m oney for a 'rainy day', day', 'rainy a for oney m some р е _____ с (to be forced to leave) to forced be (to у р t aea deposit) a make (to с his m ind that he w anted to be famous, famous, be to anted w he that ind m his о в п о (to choose someone to attack or criticise) or attack to someone choose (to _____ и _____ з у ч (to decide not to take part in something) in part take to not decide (to for in off on out out on off in for after against aside down down aside against after et ftosnso onseeymonth. m every pounds of thousands of debts on u with up round hlrn vie sot eas they because sport avoided o h w children е н и wer= u n w o d put = r e sw n A ю (to save money) save (to а н ______г л (to tolerate something which something tolerate (to и й hm ______. them all the latest developments. latest the all _____ с к (to be fooled or tricked) or fooled be (to о г for the interview, interview, the for о н t so because stop (to а List-English.ru (to start) (to t dcd on decide (to t persuade (to (to refuse (to ______the (to (to of eea vocabulary general Phrasal verbs 4 9. He was unable to make the speech, so I was asked to _____ and make it on his behalf, (to take the place of someone - often also used with 'for') 10. A lot of people a r e _____ the idea of working for themselves because of the lack of a regular salary, (to be discouraged from doing something, usually because of a potentially negative outcome) 13. Once bad w e a th e r_____ , people tend to stay at home rather than go out. (to start and become permanent) 14. Doctors and medical experts were unable to _____ why some people survived the virus and others didn't, (to understand or know the reason for something) 15. S h e _____ a story about ghosts in the cellar to stop us going down there, but of course we didn't believe her. (to invent a story) 17. A t the age of 38 h e _____ the post of President, but lacked sufficient experience to be taken seriously, (to apply for a job in politics, competing against other people for the same job) 18. Despite massive promotion by the tourist board, it took a long time for tourism to _____ again after the terrorist attacks, (to improve, to get better) 45 Больше ресурсов по изучению английского на List-English.ru 46 general vocabulary options are possible. are options These days, it is very com m on for young people to take tim e off studying between school and and school between studying off e tim take to people young for on m com isvery it days, These neln te ot prpit wrs n prss n od n h ase. n eea css both cases, it. several In follows answer. the which in answer bold in sample phrases the and and words question 2 Part appropriate Test most the riting W IELTS Underline typical this at Look situations. (6) (6) situations. (4) n. ow your from different very are that oue o studying. on focused earning. start and job a get can you quicker the qualifications, get you sooner the that fact or friends (7) having t u o ith disadvantages w its has quickly act travelling and think to Unfortunately, need to. you turn here w to family situations have. encounter to occasionally things useful are life in early you around orld w the of experience rvlig ni later. until travelling tagtt uiest, o lan o n hnstatwil epyu n orftr life. future your in you help ill w t (12) tha goals. things any m so portant im learn most life's you of university, one be to to straight salary good a and career (5) (3) (2) (1) places. career. (18) (18) career. university. M any of them go travelling, and spend a year or longer visiting interesting and exotic exotic and interesting visiting longer or year a spend and travelling, go them of any M university. something of the w orld. (17) (17) orld. w the of something (10) advantages. the by (9) eighed outw greatly are and travelling (8) of shock. part culture and homesickness (15) (15) (14) travelling. go you if lose ight m you that entum om m (13) life. in things portant im university has its advantages and disadvantages. (16) (16) disadvantages. and advantages its has university rsnig n argument an Presenting As well as / In addition to to addition In /as well As The most important reason reason important most The First of all all of First Moreover / Furthermore, Furthermore, / Moreover W rite about the follow ing topic: ing follow the about rite W W rite at least 250 words. 250 least at rite W go to university and school between break a take should people young that say Some Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your ow n know ledge ledge know n ow your from examples relevant any include and experience. and answer your for reasons Give studies. their finished have straight go they to when them for travelling better is go it that then say and Others school, from world. the university to about more learn and travelling ics bt hs iw ad ieyu wn opinion. n ow your give and views these both Discuss In conclusion conclusion In As far as I am concerned concerned am Ias far As Eventually Eventually But But In my opinion opinion my In / Although / While /While Although / Firstly, Firstly, / However, However, Finally, Finally, / osmaie I summarise, To there are several benefits to taking tim e off to travel. to off e tim taking to benefits several are there Б I on srih o uiest rm sho masta o miti a maintain you that means school from university to straight going am not alone in this opinion. (11) (11) opinion. this in alone not am о / s t etrt d hs o ocniu tdigwihouta break? a t u o ith w studying continue to or this, do to better it is I opinion that, that, opinion I л you learn to look after yourself in different and often difficult difficult often and different in yourself after look to learn you After that that After ь / meeting lots of interesting people, you can also experience cultures cultures experience also can you people, interesting of lots meeting ш For me, me, For / few people have serious problems w hen they travel, you will will you travel, they hen w problems serious have people few The main reason reason main The е w ould say that spending a year travelling between school and and school between travelling year a spending that say ould w р Despite / Nevertheless, Nevertheless, / Despite е с starting w o rk and making m oney is one of the most most the of isone oney m making and rk o w starting / у On the other hand, hand, other the On р I believe / I think think I/ believe I it is better to carry on w ith your studies, and leave the the leave and studies, your ith w on carry to better is it с о в п for going straight to university after school is the isthe school after university to straight going for о и On the one hand hand one the On з у ч I mean mean I е н Many consider consider Many that first-hand know ledge and and ledge know first-hand that these inconveniences are an inevitable inevitable an are inconveniences these и you are delaying your education and and education your delaying are you ю / а In other words, words, other In н also / as well, well, /as also г л Second Second / и To begin, begin, To й с / к Many say say Many о / г Secondly, Secondly, о you remain remain you you are seeing seeing are you uh as such н а List-English.ru a sound sound a if you go go you if eea vocabulary general Reason & result 1 Join the first part of a sentence in the left-hand column with a second part from the right-hand column, using an appropriate word or phrase showing reason or result from the central column. In some cases, more than one answer is possible. 1. The police asked him his...... ensued...... pass his exams. 2. He failed his exam... \ ...effects of...... wake anyone. 3. A persistent cough...... was unable to enrol for the 4. She started haranguing \ ...prompted him to... course. the crowd... \ \ ...on account of...... speeding through the town. 5. He spent the whole \ ^ ...upsetting me like that? weekend revising... \ ...as a consequence... J 6. They came in quietly... \ / ...his lack of revision. \ ...affect... / 7. He refused to lend ...starting a riot. anyone money... \ ...owing to... / ...its low turnover and poor 8. The bank manager sales history. refused to lend the \ ...reason for... / company more money...... its action. ...on the grounds that... 9. The school was forced ...when the police officers on to close...... so as not to... trial were acquitted. 10. W ha t w ere your...... a large earthquake? 11. W h a t are the...... with the aim of...... people rarely repay a loan. 12. Stress and overw ork can...... in order to...... seek professional medical 13. The army attacked w ithou t help. considering the...... consequences of... 14. He failed to send off his ...different people in different ...motives for... application form and... ways. 15. Riots and street fighting...... due to...... poor student attendance. 2 Now complete these sentences with an appropriate word or phrase from the central column of the table above. 1. Panic b u y in g ...... w hen the stock market crashed. 2. People often do things w ithou t considering t h e ...... their actions. 3. The governm ent raised the income tax ra te ...... curb inflation. 4. The governm ent raised the income tax ra te ...... curbing inflation. 5. The government raised the income tax ra te ...... the rapidly rising rate of inflation. 6. W hen questioned, m any racists cannot give a logical...... their attitudes towards other racial groups. 7. The soaring crime rate alarmed the police superintendent and ...... adopt a zero-tolerance policing policy. 8. He was arrested...... he was a danger to others and himself. 9. The family was forced to econom ise...... go heavily into debt. 10. The fumes from m otor tra ffic ...... people in m any different ways. 47 Больше ресурсов по изучению английского на List-English.ru 48 general vocabulary 2 (Shape) Complete the crossword w ith the adjective form of these shapes. these of form adjective the ith w crossword the Complete (Shape) 2 shape. each to next ord w the Write shapes. the ith w box the in words the Match (Shape) 1 .a spiral a 4. .a rectangle a 2. 4. Curved, Curved, 4. - (a) hp &features Shape .a square a 9. 8. cone a 7. 6. oval an 3. 8. 6. 2. (etrs Mth h dsrpin 1 0 n h lf wih h ojcs gorpia faue, etc features, geographical objects, the ith w left the on 10 - 1 descriptions the Match (Features) 3 9. 7. 3. .a sphere a 5. 5. circle a 1. 1 10. 7. . Thin Thin pyramid a oval an cylinder a cube a cone a circle a crescent a Thick, solid solid Thick, W inding inding W avy, W a rectangle a sphere a spiral a square a triangle a square a spiral a sphere a rectangle a cylinder a triangle a Sharp, Sharp, Steep, Steep, Rolling, Rolling, Hollow, Hollow, Meandering, Meandering, 0 ) ntergt Ueyu itoayt hc h ennso h od n bold. in words the of meanings the check to dictionary your Use right. the on and and t a e few a ith w t a ith w t ith w w ith ith w t a ith w t a ith w and and flat, flat, and and jagged jagged 8 undulating undulating t a ith w . bumpy, bumpy, pointed pointed w ith words and and words ith w smooth smooth rough rough heavy, heavy, spiky spiky teeth calm calm Б w ith ith w surface. ek b Smbd' hair. Somebody's (b) peak. о ’ I I I’ ufc.() knife. A (d) surface. 00 ■ ■ w ith ith w 5 л issikn u.() brick. A (f) up. sticking bits w heat fields. heat w surface. ь deep deep ш 9. straight straight n е dotted dotted р potholes. е с m 2 6 у de.() plcto om. form application n A (j) edges. ie.() so moig river. oving -m slow A (e) lines. р с 1 1 о 1 в п 4. о 1 1 1 и з у 1 1 ч 1 е i Arclua countryside. Agricultural (i) g A mountain. m A (g) tree. old very A (c) (a) A country road in very poor condition. poor very in road country A (a) h A banana. A (h) н и 1 1 ю 1 а 11 н . г л и й с HU к о г о 1 н а 6 . List-English.ru | ■ I H m 1 ■ i H 1 ■ 1 ■ IH eea vocabulary general Size, quantity & dimension 1 Look at the following list and decide whether we are talking about something big (in terms of size, quantity or dimension) or something small. Underline your answers 1. a minute amount of dust Big / Small 14. a giant building Big / Small 2. a minuscule piece of cloth Big / Small 15. a gargantuan meal Big / Small 3. an enormous book Big / Small 16. a wide avenue Big / Small 4. a mammoth job Big / Small 17. a broad river Big / Small 5. a huge waste of time Big / Small 18. a tall man Big / Small 6. a vast room Big / Small 19. a high mountain Big / Small 7. a gigantic wave Big / Small 20. a deep lake Big / Small 8. a tiny car Big / Small 21. a shallow pool Big / Small 9. a monumental error Big / Small 22. a long-distance journey Big / Small 10. a colossal statue Big / Small 23. a vast crowd of supporters Big / Small 11. plenty of food Big / Small 24. tons of work Big / Small 12. loads of times Big / Small 25. a great deal of time Big / Small 13. a narrow alleyway Big / Small 2 Now complete these sentences using one of the expressions above. In some cases, more than one answer is possible. 1. Before you embark o n ...... it is essential that you are well prepared. 2. We spent...... working on the plans for the new library. 3. I love the Museum of Modern Art, and have been th e re ...... 4. There's a small grey spot in the corner of all my photographs, so I guess ...... must have got into the camera and ended up on the sensor. 5. Villages along the coast were destroyed when ...... caused by the earthquake swept houses into the sea. 6. In my opinion, playing computer games for hours on end is ...... 7...... of the Greek god Poseidon stood by the entrance to the harbour. 49 Больше ресурсов по изучению английского на List-English.ru 50 general vocabulary . ept h po hret teewas...... o h oe population. hole w the ...... for s a w 9 there harvest, poor the Despite 8. Size, quantity & dimension & quantity Size, 3 I ol sete e lteig tte otm of...... f o bottom the at glittering key cafes. the and see shops could I ith 23. w ...... lined is n w to the of feature main The exhibitions. 22. and concerts for isused is...... which around ingham Birm in getting NEC The for 21. ideal is ...... which lt i u b have manufacturers The 20. rest. to n dow lay then ...... and e t a e W 11. team. football favourite their see to 1 0...... gathered 5...... a aogtesd ftehuet a adn tte rear. the at garden a to house the of side the of along 25...... ran legends heard America South and Central in settlers European Early 24. soon as start e w suggest I so days, few next the in do ...... to e v a h Hall, e W 13. Great the ...... called is building the in place impressive most The 12. 8 Te t hor ...... i wteln, a lie h ie fmn ho w many of lives the claimed has Switzerland, ,...... in rn some o rh myself tte a M made The 18. hook, the off phone the took so do, ...... controversial to d a the h I by 17. pictures 1,000 almost containing ...... is o' 'Sum 16. of branch a on stuck was ...... which s a w crime the of evidence only The 15. Scotland. of Highlands ...... the in is Ness Loch 14. 19. He m a d e ...... in his calculations and had to start all over again. over all start to had and calculations his ...... in e d a m He 19...... cle te hms eaae te iy f odn rm te suburbs the from London of city the separates Thames the ...... called ote south. the to hc cn od vr300 people. 3,000 over hold can which s possible. as the city. the desk. my at n dow sat and coffee garden. the in trees the of one htgahr emu Newton. ut Helm photographer aetidt cib it. climb to tried have ald l oaowho oee hmefi gl dust. gold in himself covered o h w Dorado El called Б о л ь ш е р е с у р с о в п о и з у ч е н и ю а н г л и й с к о г о н а List-English.ru eea vocabulary general Spelling Each passage below contains 12 words which have been spelt incorrectly. Underline the words, then write their correct spelling in the box below. 1 Despite banning tobacco advertiseing and rising the price of cigarrettes, the goverment's anti-smoking campain has failed to have any long-term affects. It is now widely beleived that more drastic measures are neccessary. A new national comittee, which has been formed to tackle the proplem, has made several reccomendations. These include banning smoking in all public areas, and denying hospital treatment to persistant smokers who have been warned by their doctors to give up but failed to do so. advertising It is argueable wether good pronounciation is more important than good grammer and vocabulery. Consientious students balance their aquisition of these skills, hopeing to acheive both fluency and accuracey. English teachers should encourage there students to practise all the relevant language skills, and use their English at every oportunity. arguable It is becommina increasingly dificult for many people to find decent accomodation in the city at a price they can afford. To put it simpley, there are to many people and not enough homes for them. Local comunity centres and charitable organiseations such as Home Front can offer advise, but it is widely agreed that the situation is no longer managable. The fact that some councils in the city are building cheap, tempory housing for lower-paid profesionals is the only official acknowlegement of this problem. becomming 51 Больше ресурсов по изучению английского на List-English.ru 52 general vocabulary after each sentence to help you. help to sentence each after 4. The college tries to to tries college The 4. in definitions the using sentence, each complete to bold in phrase or ord w best the Choose 3. Increasing fuel prices does not usually usually not does prices fuel Increasing 3. to plans ent governm new The 2. Stopping something Stopping 8. You should never never should You to 8. decision sudden the made ent governm Cornucopian The 7. often onopolies m State 6. 1. To stop your hard disk becom ing too full, you should should you full, too ing becom disk hard your stop To 1. 9. W e decided to to decided e W 9. to decided ittee m com The 5. 10. Oil and petroleum companies companies petroleum and Oil 10. 12. It's im portant to to customers portant their im if It's 12. refunds give ally norm not do companies Travel 11. 14. They finally agreed to to agreed finally They 14. should You 13. 5 Iwoud b rtfl fyuwoud uld o w you if grateful be uld o Iw 15. 8 I eiv ta te et y o to ay w best the that believe I 18. to forced were e W 17. to had ent anagem m factory The 16. something which is offered) is which something , them for end a law so that it is no longer valid) longer isno it that so law a end their holiday at the last m om ent, ent, om m last the at holiday their (to (to es, m program completely and permanently) and completely agreement) or contract a cancel (to something away) something speculation, doubts, rumours, believe: or say people things especially continuing, from something relations w ith their neighbouring countries, countries, neighbouring their ith w relations you w a n t to lose w eight, eight, w lose to t n a w you authority) your using or laws making by usually activity, an stop (to w ork together instead, instead, together ork w etc.) correct) or true isnot said has someone something that state (to (to ill. became decide not to continue with something such as a plan or event, often because there is a problem isa there because often event, or plan aas such something with continue to not decide elh n aey issues, safety and health with some aspect o f it) f o aspect some with borrow ing, ing, borrow discourage people from doing something) doing from people discourage (to persuade someone not to do something) do to not someone persuade (to delete delete (to control or limit something that isharmful) that something limit or control (to decide not to support or be part o f a project or activity after you have agreed to) agreed have you after activity or project a f o part be or support to not decide pull out of of out pull u u atofa ouet a optrfl, etc.) file, computer a document, a f o part out cut deter deter deny deny / give up up give cancel cancel give up up give Б / dissuade dissuade / t tpsmtig hc a engigo fr ln time) long fora on going been has which something stop (to о put an end to to end an put (to officially stop something for a short time) short a for something stop officially (to back out of of out back remove remove л (to stop doing something that you have done for quite a long time) long a quite for done have you that something doing stop (to / deny deny / ь / dissuade dissuade remove remove ш / rescind rescind suppress suppress back out of of out back е deny deny / delete delete / deter deter deny deny р remove remove / (to stop something which has been planned) been has which something stop (to put an end to to end an put е quash quash с / / / / у / rescind rescind scrap scrap give up up give / / / р atfo ad te od ht ae hg ftcnet if content fat high a have that foods other and food fast scrap / suppress suppress turn dow n n dow turn suspend suspend remove remove с deter deter curb curb / / rumours before too m any people hear them , , them hear people any m too before rumours о rescind rescind repeal repeal (to end something such as a friendship ora connection ora as friendship such a something end (to в the plans w hen w e realised they w o uld not w ork, ork, w not uld o w they realised e w hen w plans the the com petition w hen three of our team members members team our of three hen w petition com the / п students from taking exams which are not suitable suitable not are which exams taking from students / / repeal repeal о / repeal repeal / quash quash / / repeal repeal и turn down down turn / its earlier resolution on the use of its premises. premises. its of use the on resolution earlier its a good job w hen it's offered to you. you. to offered it's hen w job good a suspend suspend quash quash з suppress suppress у ч that they are harm ing the environm ent. ent. environm the ing harm are they that delete delete е inflation is to increase interest rates on on rates interest increase to is inflation / ynm rm or iig list, ailing m your from name my н their long-standing dispute and try to to try and dispute long-standing their rescind rescind и dissuade dissuade ю all forms of economic com petition. petition. com economic of forms all the existing legislation, legislation, existing the operations because of some serious serious some of because operations / а dissuade dissuade н epe rm uig hi cars, their using from people г cancel cancel л и / й rescind rescind с / к / о put an end to to end an put sever sever г о / н sever sever а any unw anted anted unw any List-English.ru (to officially (to diplomatic diplomatic (to refuse (to t stop (to (to take (to / italics sever (to eea vocabulary general Success & failure Arrange the letters in bold to make verbs and phrases connected with success and failure. The first letter is in its correct place, and the words you need can be found in the grid at the bottom of the page by reading horizontally across >) or vertically down (-!}). Success 1. The two departments radheec a compromise over how to proceed with the project, reached 2. During his first month as head of the company, he wasabletoaospdimch more than his predecessor had in the previous six...... 3. O u r team played well and scerdeu their second win of the season...... 4. The first signs that a breakthrough had been aicehdve quickly became apparent...... 5. Many people want to be rich and famous, but very few rlesaie their dream ...... 6. Becoming an Olympic athlete requires hard work and dedication, but few athletes aatnit the required standard of physical excellence...... 7. His journey up the Am azon flfludlei a long-cherished am bition...... 8. After several attempts, we mndagea to solve the problem ...... Failure 9. They had to aadbnno their idea of travelling by boat, and flew instead...... 10. Negotiations daedpsol w hen neither side could agree on the terms and conditions...... 11. Progress on the research project fraledte w hen the m oney began to run o u t...... 12. After a disastrous year, the company fdoedl, w ith debts of over £2 m illion...... 13. Our planned visit to Sudan file turohhg w hen we were unable to get visas...... 14. The company's plans to double prices mefdiris when the government declared their actions illegal. F U LF ILLED Q FW R TRABAN D 0 N 0 E USECU R E D I 0 LC PAS D 0 DFLOG H J LKX EL AZIMIS FIRE DL T c S PVBN MKDR A TTE LMANAG EDP ACHI E V E D K P 0 S I s TSYJ FEHUH E NARHFAL TER ED FE LLTH R 0 U G HZ 53 Больше ресурсов по изучению английского на List-English.ru general vocabulary Task commands Task w hich are telling the w rite r / speaker w h a t he / she m ust do. Match these w ords w ith a suitable suitable a ith w ords w these Match do. ust m she H. / he - t A a in h w and m speaker com / task r the rite w of the definition telling are hich w . o aead otattet machines o tw the contrast and pare Com 4. 3. Evaluate the improvements you have made to your English since you started using this book this using started you since English your to made have you improvements the Evaluate 3. 2. A. Give the m eaning of something. of eaning m capitalism the city global Give big a in about up A. g feelings in your grow on of Elaborate e disadvantages phon and 8. obile m this advantages on the Discuss features different 7. the onstrate Dem 6. bold, in phrases and ords w the at look particular, In 8. - 1 sentences in tasks of list the at Look 1 . aclt h au, motne refc fsmething. som of effect or importance value, the Calculate C. is it portant im w o h say and 'happiness', Define 5. . utf or esn o nycnieig n set fte problem the of aspect one considering only for reasons your Justify 4. G. Show h o w som ething works, usually by physically operating it so that the other person knows knows person other the that so it 2 operating physically by usually works, ething som w o h Show G. Internet. the on orking netw social of use increased the for Account 1. Epan wih el xmls whysmehn hs apndo s happening. is or happened has ething som y h w examples, real ith w Explain, . A vehicles of private use increased the by caused problems the Illustrate 3. 2. happening. is or happened has ething som y h w Say F. viewpoints. scientifically. and different closely from it ething som about Explain rite w or else, D. someone ith w ething som about Talk B. H. Look at tw o things side by side to see in w h a t w ay they are similar and / or different. /or and similar are they ay w t a h w in see to side by side things o tw at Look H. previously. did you than detail ore m in ething som Explain E. . rc h dvlp n fsaetae snete 1960s the since solved travel be space of could ent years 10 countries next developm some the in in the Trace shortages technology food ation 8. which in inform in see ways to Suggest going are e w 7. that changes the Predict 6. . tieyu onr' niometl policy ental environm country's your utline O 5. . eciewhatyutikcn e oe n re oaheesmething. som achieve to order in done be can think you t a h w Describe C. . ieo ak bu h ifrn apcs eg, ass rsls o o ething. som of results) causes, (e.g., aspects different the about talk or rite W G. something. of cost or value the exactly) not (but future. Calculate the in D. happen to isgoing think you t ha w Say B. I. Estimate the costs of setting up a website for the school the for website a up setting of costs the Estimate I. E. Give the main points of something, or a broad description of something, w ith o u t giving too much much too giving t u o ith w something, of description broad a or F. something, of points main the Give E. H. Show tha t you have a good reason for doing som ething, especially if other people think you have have you think people other if especially ething, som doing for reason good a have you t tha Show H. N o w do the same w ith these. ith w same the do w o N ie bifhsoyo oehn, n h re i hc i happened. it which in order the in something, of history brief a Give nls h efcso lmt hneaon h rld o w the around change climate of effects the Analyse xmn h cue fgoa war ng in rm a w global of causes the Examine w h a t it does and h o w it works. it w o h and does it t a h w detail. oesmehn ong o bad. or g n ro w ething som done Б о л ь ш е р е с у р ...... с ...... о в ...... п о ...... и з ...... у ч ...... е ...... н ...... и ю а н г л ...... и ...... й ...... с ...... к о г о н а List-English.ru ...... eea vocabulary general Time 1 Use the words and phrases in the boxes to complete the sentences. Pay particular attention to the words that come before or after the words and phrases. Part 1: One action or situation occurring before another action or situation by the time earlier formerly precede previously prior to 1...... the advent of the Industrial Revolution, pollution was virtually unheard of. 2...... the army had restored order, the city had been almost completely devastated. 3...... known as Bombay, Mumbai is India's most vibrant and exciting city. 4. A sudden drop in tem perature will usua lly...... a blizzard. 5. It was my first trip on an aeroplane...... I'd always gone by train. 6. The Prime Minister made a speech praising charity organisations working in Mozambique...... that day he had promised massive economic aid to stricken areas. Part 2: One action or situation occurring at the same time as another action or situation at that very moment during in the meantime while 1...... the minister was making his speech, thousands of demonstrators took to the streets. 2...... the speech they jeered and shouted slogans. 3. The minister continued speaking...... the police were ordered onto the streets. 4. He finished the speech with a word of praise for the police...... people began throwing bottles and bricks, and the riot began. Part 3: One action or situation occurring after another action or situation afterwards as soon as following 1...... the earthquake, emergency organisations around the world swung into action. 2...... the stock market collapsed, there was panic buying on an unprecedented scale. 3. The Klondike gold rush lasted from 1896 to 1910...... , the area became practically deserted overnight. 2 Look at these words and phrases and decide if we usually use them to talk about (1) the past, (2) the past leading to the present, (3) the present or (4) the future. Try to write a sentence for each one. a few decades ago as things stand at the turn of the century at that point / moment in history back in the 1990s between 2003 and 2005 by the end of this year ever since for the foreseeable future for the next few weeks for the past few months from 2006 to 2011 from now on in another five years' time in medieval times in my childhood/youth in those days last century lately nowadays one day over the coming weeks and months over the past six weeks sooner or later these days 55 Больше ресурсов по изучению английского на List-English.ru 56 general vocabulary . or o interrupt,... to Sorry 4. 9. That's my view exactly. view my That's more. 9. agree couldn't I fact,... of 8. atter m a as ell, W . e 7. fe g a I . 6 -? that. ree Do-yott-ag ...? n o views 3. your are t a h W 2. function. its to according table the in box correct the into expression each Put . xue efr interrupting,... for me Excuse 5. Test. Speaking IELTS the in useful find might you that expressions spoken common some are Here 1 4. No d h aewih these. ith w same the do ow N 2 6. Perhaps I should make that clearer by saying... 16. W h a t was that? was t a h W 16. 8. saying... by clearer that make I should Perhaps 6. 2. 1. C ould I just say th at: - at: th say Ijust ould C 1. 9. 7. ent? om m a for that about Ithink ay M 3. 10. W h a t are your feelings about...? feelings your are t a h W 10. 5. Could you repeat the question? 15. To summarise,... To 15. question? the repeat you Could 5. 1. Useful interview expressions interview Useful 10. / Could 1 ju st say th a t... ? t... a th say 1 st ju Could agree. I en is... mean I t a h W n hrword^-.- ther^w e In osm p,... up sum To o i conclusion,... in So, e m e.1. ' tyn osy is... say to trying I'm t a h W 17. /brief,... short In see. me Let I'm afraid I did n't catch that. catch n't did I afraid I'm Agreeing w ith somebody ith w Agreeing Interrupting somebody Interrupting Б о л ь ш е р е с у р с о в п о 20. W ould you m ind repeating that? repeating ind m you ould W 20. 3 Lt etik bu htfra ment. om m a for that about think me Let 13. sorry? I'm 11. 18. Hrom, h o w can-l put-/-say-this? can-l w o h Hrom, 18. question. interesting an That's 14. y... a w another it put To 12. 9 S, basically;.:: So, 19. / ou ge t t...? a th agree u yo o D и 20. I'm afraid I disagree / d o n't agree. n't o /d disagree I afraid I'm 20. 8 Wel actually,... ell, W 18. Ithink. t a h w just That's 16. about...? think you do t a h W 14. there. you interrupt me myself. Let 13. differently rather things see I 12. ree. g ^ entirely n't o d I 11. 19. W hat's your opinion? your hat's W 19. right. That's 17. in,... butt to Sorry 15. d o n 't entirely agree. entirely 't n o d з у ч Asking somebody for their opinion their for somebody Asking е н Disagreeing w ith somebody ith w Disagreeing и ю а н г л и й с к о г о н а List-English.ru eea vocabulary general Useful interview expressions Asking for clarification or repetition Saying something in another way Could you repeat the question ? In other words... Giving yourself time to think Summing up w hat you have said Hm m , h ow can 1 pu t / say this? So, basically... 3 Fill in the gaps in these extracts from lELTS-style interviews w ith a suitable expression from Exercise 1 or 2. In each case, more than one answer is possible. 1. Interviewer: W hy are so many people obsessed with celebrities? Student: Interviewer: W hy are so many people obsessed with celebrities? Interviewer: A lot of people say that we've become too reliant on technology. What's your opinion? Student: ...... In fact, I think that it's taking over our lives. 3. Interviewer: Do you think that people in places like India, Bangladesh and other African countries work harder... Student: but don't you mean Asian countries? Interviewer: Of course, yes, that's what I meant. 4. Interviewer: Some professional sports people are paid far too much. Do you agree? Student: ...... First of all, I think that there are times w hen the salary they're paid is justified, but then again, a lot of them... 5. Interviewer: The way parents behave can have a profound effect on how their children develop. Do you agree? Student: Yes I do. Children need people who can influence them in a positive way, and who can show them the difference between right and w ro n g ...... they need good role models. 6. Interviewer: Some people say that private vehicle ownership should be banned, and we should all use public transport. Are they right, do you think? Student: ...... First of all, public transport can't always take you exactly where you want to go. Secondly, it's expensive and unreliable. Then there's the problem with.... 57 Больше ресурсов по изучению английского на List-English.ru 58 topic-specific vocabulary the same, w ith the exception of the following changes: following the of exception the ith w same, the words or phrases can go into more than one category. The material in this module basically remains basically module this in material The category. one than more into go can phrases or words Architecture Pttewrsad hae i h bx noteraporaectgr n h al bnah Some beneath. table the in category appropriate their into box the in phrases and words the Put 1 Parts o f a bu ilding Features (th a t m ake the bu ilding easy to easy ilding bu the ake m t a (th Features ilding bu a f o Parts Building materials Building 6wod phrases) / ords w (6 4wod prss ieorwor i ) in rk o w r o live phrases) / ords w (4 ords w (4 ye uilding bu f o Types ksrpr tnadsd te soe ibr rdtoa ugly traditional timber stone steel well-designed walls standardised skyscraper neeoe aae onain fntoa glass functional energy-efficient elegant foundations facade controversial eyesore an concrete deco art pleasing geometric forms porch practical reinforced concrete reinforced practical porch forms geometric style pleasing international high-tech apartments high-rise low-rise apartments modernist multi-storey car park post-modern post-modern park car multi-storey modernist apartments low-rise / phrases) Б о л ь ш е р е с у р с о в п о и Aesthetic perception (h o w w e feel a bout a bout a feel e w w o (h perception Aesthetic Architectural style Architectural uilding) bu 6wod phrases) / ords w (6 6wod phrases) / ords w (6 4wod phrases) / ords w (4 з у ч е н и ю а н г л и й с к о г о н а List-English.ru oi-pcfc vocabulary topic-specific Architecture 2 Complete these sentences with an appropriate word or phrase from A , B or C. 1. The building is ...... It's been ruined and abandoned for years. A. destabilised B. derelict C. defunct 2. She lives on a large h o u s in g ...... near the centre of the city. A . estate B. state C. estuary 3. There are several run-down districts inside the city where the housing is in a bad state, although most of these ...... are going to be replaced by high-rise apartments. A . slumps B. scrums C. slums 4. The city council are going t o ...... the old church and built a new one in its place. A . demobilise B. dem ote C. demolish 5. You can't knock dow n that house; there's a ...... order on it which makes it illegal to destroy it. A. preservation B. preservative C. presentable 6. Sir Richard Rogers is th e ...... w h o designed the Lloyds building in London. A . architect B. architecture C. architectural 7. Some of the problems in o u r ...... are drug related. A. inter-cities B. internal cities C. inner cities 8. The council hope to reduce crime in the tow n by introducing n e w ...... facilities so that people have something to do in the evening. A . sociable B. socialist C. social 9. The cinema is going to be closed for tw o months while the o w n e rs...... it. A . renovate B. remonstrate C. reiterate 10. If you w ant to add an extension to your house, you will need ...... permission from your local council. A. planning B. construction C. plotting 11. In the US, the ground floor is called t h e ...... floor. A. basement B. first C. bottom 12. One w ay of creating more space in a house is to convert t h e ...... into an extra room. A. attic B. ceiling C. roof 59 Больше ресурсов по изучению английского на List-English.ru 60 topic-specific vocabulary answer is possible, and you will need to change the form of one of the words. the of one of form the change to need will you and possible, is answer The last year has been a busy one for the West Tw yford To w n Planning Com m ittee. O utlined below below utlined O ittee. m Com Planning n w To yford Tw West the for one busy a been has year last The Committee Planning Town Twyford West the of director the from Report 3 Complete this report w ith words and phrases from Exercises 1 and 2. In some cases, more than one than more cases, some In 2. 1 and Exercises from phrases and words ith w report this Complete 3 Architecture r e o h aeswe aecnetae on. concentrated have e w areas the of few a are 2. Last summer w e invited several 4...... to design plans for the new council new the for plans design 4...... to several invited e w summer Last 2. 4. Several 9...... buildings which have been ruined and abandoned for over for abandoned and ruined been have which buildings 9...... Several 4. 3. In response to a lot of complaints about the lack of 8 of lack the about complaints of lot a to response In 3. . plctos o 1 for Applications 1. 6. There has been an increased crime rate in the 13...... to the east of the of east the 13...... to the in rate crime increased an been has There 6. n xeso 287. extension on 11...... It is are Street High the on shops new the that agrees Everybody 5. M y next report will be in tw o m onths' time. A nybody wishing to discuss these issues can contact me me contact can issues these discuss to wishing nybody A time. onths' m o tw in be will report next y M hi oe (nldn isaln cnrl etn ad mpoe wl insulation). wall proved im and heating central installing (including homes their The y are currently in the process of laying the 7...... for the new building, new the 7...... for the laying of process the in currently are y The xenly At rsn, cn ny lo wes o ...... h isd of inside 3...... the to owners allow historic are only homes can these of e w any m present, t However, A cent. per 50 externally. by increased have properties their develop offices on Peach Street. W e eventually chose Barnard, Jackson and Willis, a local company. It was It company. local a Willis, and Jackson Barnard, chose eventually e W Street. Peach on offices tow n, it was agreed at last month's meeting that funds should be set aside for the construction of of construction the for aside set be should funds that meeting month's last at agreed was it n, tow hc we nesad stkn sm i a h ln ms b rie first. drained be must land the as e tim some istaking understand e w which ulig n hv 2...... odr hc peette rm big altered being from them prevent which 2...... orders have and buildings t h fo o te ulig ws h ms ashtcly pleasing. aesthetically most the was building, the of t fron the at 5...... tinted grey a included which design, their that 6 agreed generally ie er r o e nce dwn I hi pae a e osn 10...... housing new a place, their In n. dow knocked be to are years five tow n. W e plan to demolish these run-dow n areas w ithin the next eight years and re-house the the re-house and years eight next the ithin w areas n run-dow these demolish to plan e W n. tow years. o tw next the ithin w homes new 20 provide will This built. be will club. youth and centre sports new a certainly true that they are very ugly and out of keeping w ith the other buildings on the street. the on . them buildings around other the buildings ith older w the keeping ith w of in fit out they and that so ugly very are they that true certainly nftr,wems nueta l nw ulig r ul na 12...... style a in built are buildings new all that ensure must e w future, In n n te t o ep h evrn n, ae on t mk te own hl more hall n w to the make to going are e w ent, environm the help to pt attem an In district. Heath Berkely the in 14...... apartments new in residents nuae ad il elc h urn eta haig system. heating central current the replace will e w and insulated 5...... no wl b dul-lzd wls n ciig wl be will ceilings and walls double-glazed, be will s indow W 15...... Б о л ь ш е р е с у р с . о ...... в п о emsin rm hme wes n to ant w o h w owners e hom from permission и з у ч ...... facilities in the in ...... facilities е н и ю а н г л и й с к о г о н а List-English.ru oi-pcfc vocabulary topic-specific The arts 1 Look at the extracts from newspaper reviews, and decide what is being talked about in each one. Choose your answers from the box. Fine / Visual arts abstract art a landscape photography a portrait a sculpture a still life Literature an autobiography a biography a collection of short stories drama a novel poetry Performing arts a ballet a concert a film a modern dance piece a musical an opera a play 1. Mimi Latouche is getting a little too old for this kind of thing, and as I watched her pirouette across the stage in a tutu tw o sizes too small, she reminded me not so much of a swan as a rather ungainly crow ...... 2. The scenery was wonderful. The costumes were marvellous. The cast were incredible. I wish I could say the same about the script. The playwright should be shot...... 3. In his new book on Ernest Hemingway, acclaimed writer Michael Norris has brought the great man to life in a w ay nobody else could...... 4. Move over Michelangelo! You have a rival. Vittorio Manelleto's marble pieces embody the human form in a way that has not been achieved in over 500 years...... 5. I had to study the picture for almost two minutes before I realised who it was. It was none other than our Queen. I doubt she would have been amused...... 6. There are no great tenors in Britain. That is until now. Brian Clack's performance in La Traviatta sent shudders dow n my spine. W h a t a man! W hat a voice! W h a t a size! ...... 7. Herbert von Erding has been conducting now for almost 40 years, and his final appearance yesterday was greeted with a standing ovation from both musicians and members of the audience. 8. Stone Angel is an hilarious tale about the fall and rise of an opera singer. I picked it up and didn't put it dow n until I had finished. A fantastic book...... 9. Dylan Thomas showed remarkable eloquence, and this latest compilation of some of his finest prose will surely be a bestseller...... 10. Bruschetta's studies of dead animals might not be to everyone's taste, but it is impossible to deny his skill in representing inanimate objects like these on canvas...... 11. He usually works in black and white, and in my opinion that's the medium he should stick to. His colour shots are too static and are heavily over-filtered, the strong lighting washes out any subtlety, and much of it is out of focus...... 61 Больше ресурсов по изучению английского на List-English.ru 62 topic-specific vocabulary The arts The Te od i bl i tee etne ae ihrwog o h wog od om a be used. been has form word wrong the or wrong, either are sentences these in bold in words The 2 Change them so that they are correct. are they that so them Change 4. His last book received some excellent excellent some received book last His 4. Shakespeare's of a collection released Press havejust University Camford 2. 12. Shot entirely on location in Iran, this is perhaps the director's finest hour. A stunning setting, fine fine setting, stunning A hour. finest director's the perhaps is this Iran, in location on entirely Shot 12. . h Biih ainl pr sy ht t sdlgtd t te oenets rms o £500,000 a of promise government's the ith w isdelighted it that says Opera National British The 6. limited new A 3. 14. 'D aw n V iew of London' takes in the w hole of the city as seen from the top of Parliament Hill, Hill, Parliament of top the from seen as city the of hole w the in takes London' of iew V n aw 'D 14. 3 Te anig hw a o o rd ice ad rage isd surs laig n h sy bv a above sky the in floating squares inside triangles and circles red of lot a shows painting The 13. 7. Tickets have already sold out for the first day's showing of Tom Cartmill's paintings at the National the at paintings Cartmill's Tom of showing day's first the for out sold already have Tickets 7. 8. Ernest H em ingw ay was one of the tw entieth century's most famous famous most century's entieth tw the of one was ay ingw em H Ernest 8. 5. Tate M odern is currently running an an running iscurrently odern M Tate 5. 1. Tonight's Tonight's 1. 9. French French 9. 10. Apparently, Oldhaven Press are going to to going are Press Oldhaven Apparently, 10. 11.1 13. I hate reality shows, talent shows and similar television programmes that form the bulk of today's of bulk film the form Welles' that Orson 14. programmes television similar and shows talent shows, reality hate I 13. 12. I've always had an arty eye, and think I w ould make a good fashion photographer. photographer. fashion a good make ould I w think and eye, arty an had always I've 12. 15. Andre Breton is w idely regarded as the founder of the the of founder the as regarded idely isw Breton Andre 15. 16. The college runs a varied program m e of of e m program varied a runs college The 16. elw e, n i ild Cnrcul lgto Mea orphosis' etam M bligation O 'Contractual istitled and sea, yellow lhuh h ats hs eoe sm o te es trcie ulig fo h foreground. the from buildings attractive less the of some removed has artist the although efracs rm te ed, n a at f huad o eta mk ti a rl vsa feast. visual truly a this make extras of thousands of cast a and leads, the from performances A rt rt A granting...... schoolchildren...... aettu...... tour. latest ieenhcnuyart...... a nineteenth-century popularity popularity fte public...... the of loved the film's film's the loved Galley impressionism, impressionism, perform perform ...... culture...... editor editor atmosphere atmosphere of of Б iie Kane Citizen о Romeo and Juliet and Romeo of the CD 'Here w e go !' by rock group Glass Weasel contains a DVD of their of DVD a contains Weasel Glass group rock by !' go e w 'Here CD the of л hc icue Mny Mae ad ea, a a rfud nlec on influence profound a had Degas, and anet M Money, included which ь ш е music and use of visual metaphor. metaphor. visual of use and music р е ws ae vr 0yasao bt ean a remains but ago, years 70 over made was с у р exhibit exhibit с revues revues begins at 7.30. 7.30. at begins о в cultured cultured п publication publication fTae Ei' erywor ...... rk o w early Emin's Tracey of о nte papers...... the in и з у ciiiswih r oe t odnr members ordinary to open are which activities ч е н surreal surreal performance и cleto o sot tre wrte by ritten w stories short of collection a ю а н r moe ent...... ovem m art г ...... л ...... и й novels workings...... с к о г о ...... cinema cinema н а ...... List-English.ru masterpiece. oi-pcfc vocabulary topic-specific The arts 3 Complete this extract from a radio programme with the words or phrases from Exercises 1 and 2. In some cases, more than one answer is possible, and you will need to change some of the word forms. Hello, and welcome to today's edition of 'But is it Art?' Now, I don't usually enjoy 1...... - all those pirouettes and pas de deux's and dying swans usually send me to sleep, but last night's 2...... of Sleeping Beauty at Nureyev Hall had me on the edge of my seat. And I'm not the only one: rave 3 in the national press praised the excellent choreography and the incredible stage set. It's on again tonight, but you'll have to move fast if you want a ticket! The current 4 ...... of M onetto's paintings at the W heatley A rt 5...... has been a disappointment. The pictures themselves are excellent, especially the great artist's 6...... of film stars, and of course his stunning 7...... of a vase of daffodils, but the lighting inside the room was terrible. I w ould have thought that, having received a governm ent 8...... of almost £100,000, the Wheatley Arts Council could have invested it in some good lights. Fans of the great tw entieth-century 9...... George Orwell will be delighted to hear that Swansong Press are going to release a collection of his greatest 10...... which will of course include Animal Farm and Nineteen Eighty Four. Also included are some rare short stories which w ere not 11...... until after his death. Look out for the book, which will be in the shops from the end of the month. On the subject of books, a new 12...... of the life of conductor Charles Worsenmost is due to be released in January. Worsenmost conducted his last 13...... in 1998 after a long and eventful career. This is highly recommended for anyone w ho is remotely interested in classical music. Have you ever w anted to be an 14...... singer? Well, now's your chance! The National Music Company are looking for tenors and sopranos to audition for a new production of Mozart's Marriage of Figaro. If you're interested, we'll give you the number to call at the end of the programme. Potential Michelangelos and Henry Moores can try their hand at 15...... this weekend. The Gleneagles Museum is holding a series of workshops which will give you the chance to chip away at a lump of stone to produce a piece of three-dimensional art. There's no need to book - just turn up at the door on Saturday at nine o'clock. And now here's that number I promised you.... 63 Больше ресурсов по изучению английского на List-English.ru 64 topic-specific vocabulary 4. Banks across the country are reporting a sharp drop in in drop sharp a reporting are country the across Banks 4. 2. Last year, our com pany made a huge huge a made pany com our year, Last 2. meaning. opposite an has which box 3. O u r r u O 3. 1 Look at sentences sentences at Look 1 9. 9. their put to 8. investors short-term encouraging is ent governm The 7. The 6. ill w pany com The 5. 1. W e have a limited limited a have e W 1. uies industry & Business 12. He works for a com pany which which pany com a for works He 12. 11 to have will e w continues, this If 10. 15. Overall Overall 15. e Th 14. 16. A fight broke out in the the in out broke fight A 16. recent the from benefited have people of lot A 13. . h rcsin began. recession the kle orkers w Skilled enterprises Private hi products. their white-collar lending labourers unskilled exports on take expenditure industries state-owned employees for demand credit Blue-collar lcrcl industry. electrical m oney into the the into oney m employment. (Note: you will have to change the preposition preposition the change to have will you (Note: employment. loss net private recession retail shop floor shop retail recession private net loss mpoe rig conditions. orking w proved im ngment anagem m gross holesale w revenue profits are up by almost 150 per cent on last year. last on cent per 150 almost by up are profits workers across the country are dem anding anding dem are country the across workers m arket has experienced a dow n turn since since turn n dow a experienced has arket m ublic p r e nig 1 prcn py rise. pay cent per 15 a anding dem are is dow n by almost 15 per cent. per 15 almost by n isdow debit refuse to compromise on the quality of of quality the on compromise to refuse 1-16, u l f o ply sup Б r udra o ffnnil pressure. financial of lot a under are о л sector. boardroom orbn con t £2 ah onth. m each £528 ith w account bank your ь and replace the words and phrases in bold w ith a w ord or phrase in the in phrase or ord w a ith w bold in phrases and words the replace and ш е o ue bs units. base puter com р mports im е ayoff o y la с over terms and conditions of of conditions and terms over у р profit. с о aea qiment. equipm camera members of staff. of members в п о и m o o b з у ч е н in the the in r ng. in w rro o b и ю in to to а н on) г л и й с к о г о н а List-English.ru oi-pcfc vocabulary topic-specific Business & industry 2 Match the words and phrases in the first box with a dictionary definition from the list A - R below. 1. automation 7. interest rates 13. output 2. unem ploym ent 8. prim ary industry 14. income tax 3. inflation 9. secondary industries 15. V A T 4. balance of payments 10. service industries 16. deficit 5. taxation 11. nationalised industries 17. key industry 6. GNP 12. m onopoly 18. salary A. The percentage charged for borrowing money. (The Bank of England has raised ; B. Industries involved in the manufacture of goods. ( ...... rely on the ready supply of raw materials.) C. The value of goods and services paid for in a country, including income earned in other countries. (Last year's...... was close to £25 billion.) D. The amount which a firm, machine or person produces. (The factory has doubled its in the last six months.) E. Industries involved in the production of raw materials. (Coal mining is an important ; F Installing machinery in place of workers ( ...... can be a mixed blessing - machines usually tend to be out of order when you need them most.) G. Industries which do not make products but offer a service such as banking, insurance and transport. ( ...... have become more important in the last decade.) H. The difference in value between a country's imports and exports. (The government is trying to reduce th e ...... deficit.) I. The amount by which expenditure is more than receipts in a firm's or country's accounts. (The company announced a two million pound ...... ) J. A system where one person or company supplies all of a product in one area without any competition. (The state has a ...... of the tobacco trade.) K. Industries which were once privately owned, but now belong to the state. (Workers in ...... are to get a 3 per cent pay rise.) L. Lack of work. (The figures for...... are rising.) M. The action of imposing taxes. (Money raised b y ...... pays for all government services.) N. The most important industries in a country. (Oil is a ...... which is essential to the country's economy.) O. A state in an economy where prices and wages are rising to keep pace with each other. (The government is trying to keep...... down below 3 per cent.) P. A tax on m oney earned as wages or salary. (Shepays...... at the lowest rate.) Q. A tax imposed as a percentage of the invoice value of goods or services. An indirect tax. ( ...... in Britain currently runs at 20 per cent.) R. A fixed amount of money that you earn each month of year from your job (I receive an annual ...... of £30,000) 65 Больше ресурсов по изучению английского на List-English.ru 66 topic-specific vocabulary ...... 4 2...... m oney from the high street banks, w h o are already under a under already are o h w banks, street high the from oney 2...... m forms. word the of some change to need In 2. will 1 and Exercises you and from phrases ispossible, and answer words one ith w than more cases, some programme business a from extract this 3 Complete The governm ent has promised it will keep on the current workforce. current the on keep will it promised has ent governm The third. a almost by up prices pushed has This computer. new a receive to list aiting w eek o-w tw 12...... sector. the into oney m their fetd r te ...... rdcn pamcuias and pharmaceuticals producing 7...... the chemicals. negative a are had has This cent. affected per of 3 than rate higher no rises rising age w and price rapidly keep to country's pledge ent's the governm to adding country, the across staff of members 2,000 utn frhr rsue n oewes aig otae. t il lo icuae epe from people discourage also will It mortgages. paying homeowners on pressure further putting They insist that the installation of new machinery will lead to redundancies. to lead will machinery new of installation the insistthat They a become shortly will last quarter, the cent in per 10 almost by dropped has parts aircraft of sales put to investors more ant w ent governm the that ent announcem the follows This rise. percent eight ...... okr i 9...... in workers 8...... rcshsmd tams mosbefrfrincmaist u rts od n evcs Especially services. and goods British buy to companies foreign for impossible almost it made has prices the 6...... despite on cent, impact per 6 almost by year last the in rose 5...... 3...... to forced was Bank National the year, Last pressure. of lot f lot 5 ilo. pksa fr h cmay lmdhg aor ot ad h rlcac by reluctance the and costs labour high blamed company the for spokesman A million. £5 almost of nutis cos h cuty r dmadn hge 10 higher anding dem are country the across industries rdod eopc Tcnlge, eeoeal 5...... for 15...... overall here w Technologies, Aerospace Bradford an 11...... chiefsfor ith w negotiating are workers and Unions 1 ...... ae ae o ie y frhr af pr et et month, next cent per a half further a by rise to are 1...... rates union leaders to approve increased 18...... at the firm's factories. firm's the 18...... at increased approve to leaders union 17...... a announced week this ho w Cars, Ranger for too news Bad ...... fr o cmues a fnly vrae the overtaken a finally now is There has market. seller's a again computers once it 1 ...... 4 e making hom for 1 3...... 6...... nuty n fnl eprt atmp t ke i open. it keep to pt attem desperate final a in 16...... industry uies industry & Business Б о л ь ш е р е с у р с о в п о и з у .. ч ic te tog on culd t rising ith w coupled pound strong the since ...... е н и ю а н г л и й с к о г о н а List-English.ru oi-pcfc vocabulary topic-specific Children & the family 1 Complete these sentences with an appropriate word or phrase from A, B or C. 1. Mr and Mrs Smith live at home with their two children. They are a typical example of a modern family. A. extended B. nuclear C. com pact 2. Mr and Mrs Popatlal live at home with their aged parents, children and grandchildren. They are a typical example of a tra d itio n a l...... family. A. nuclear B. enlarged C. extended 3. Mrs Jones lives on her ow n and has to look after her tw o children. There are a lot of families like hers. A. single-parent B. mother-only C. mono-parent 4. Some parents need t o ...... their children more strictly. A . bring d o w n B. bring a b o u t C. bring up 5. W hen I was a child, I had a very tu rb u le n t...... A. upbringing B. upraising C. uplifting 6. Mrs Kelly is ...... and finds it difficult to look after her children on her ow n. A . divorced B. divided C. diverged 7. M any men believe t h a t ...... is the responsibility of a w om an. A . childhelp B. childcare C. childaid 8 is a particularly difficult time of life for a child. A. Convalescence B. Adolescence C. Convergence 9. A person's behaviour can sometimes be traced back to his/her...... A . creative years B. form ulating years C. formative years 10. Th e country has seen a sharp drop in t h e ...... in the last few years. A. birth rate B. baby rate C. born rate 11. She has f iv e ...... w h o rely on her to look after them . A. dependants B. dependers C. dependents 12 crime is on the rise, with over 30 per cent of thefts being committed by young people under the age of eighteen. A. Junior B. Juvenile C. Children 2 Match sentences 1-12 with a second sentence A - M. Use the key words and phrases in bold to help you. 1. Mr and Mrs White are very authoritarian parents. 2. Mr Bowles is considered to be too lenient. 3. Mr and Mrs Harris lead separate lives. 4. Billy is a well-adjusted kid. 5. The Mannings are not very responsible parents. 6. M y parents are separated. 7. Parents must look after their children, but they shouldn't be over-protective. 8. Professor Maynard has made a study of the cognitive processes of young children. g y Больше ресурсов по изучению английского на List-English.ru 68 topic-specific vocabulary A . They d o n't look after their children very well. very children their after look n't o d They . A . ild w running is child youngest y m afraid I'm 9. . hlrn edtefedm ogtotad xeinetewol rudte . them around orld w the experience and out get to freedom the need Children J. C. He very rarely punishes his children. his punishes rarely very He C. family &the Children to change one of the w o rd forms. rd o w the of one change to . t te r mrid n lv oehr te aeysekt ah other. each to speak rarely they together, live and married are they h g u o lth A G. B. He is fascinated by the w ay they learn new things. new learn they ay w the by isfascinated He B. . rtesad itr uuly ersm rsmlnet n another. one to resemblance some bear usually sisters and Brothers weekends. at F. father y m visit and other m y m ith w live I D. life. child's a in ent developm of stages distinct and different siblings. several her are all from There 11. different quite looks She 10. 3 Com plete this case study w ith one of the w ords or phrases from Exercises 1 and 2. You w ill need need ill w You 2. and 1 Exercises from phrases or ords w the of one ith w study case this plete Com 3 I. O f all of these, the teenage years are the most difficult. most the are years teenage the these, of all children. f O their ith w strict I. very are y e Th H. . e ee lsest r sy ad sawy paigtun rm school. from truant playing isalways and say, I ord w a to listens never He E. died. parents n ow his hen w ily fam foster a by raised was Tony 12. i h rahd 8 reached he e tim ud ok fe te poel. h fse fte ojce t ti, onig u ta Bob's that out pointing this, to objected father foster The properly. them after look ould w o h w . n aiistk i cide who ae o hi wn. ow their not are o h w children in school. at take well families any isdoing M and e L. hom at happy He's K. hs a rie sm itrsig usin aot h moen a l sse. ie t s re that true is it hile W system. ily fam odern m the about questions interesting some raised has This was he e tim the by 7 and 6...... strict already this was he against rebelled eight, Bob him. beat often 2 o' polm bgn uig i 1 his during began problems Bob's perd n or eea tms cagd t 9 ith w charged times, several court in appeared 3 was he so sister, and brother e hywat o b o 14 too be or ant, w they hen w t n a w the m odern 15...... family w here the child has only its m other and father to father and other m its only has child the here w 15...... family odern m the children w h o behaved at home and worked well at school. at well worked and home at behaved o h w children his parents' social worker. Unfortunately, his foster father was a strict 5 strict a was father foster his Unfortunately, worker. social parents' his his foster parents, explaining that children needed 10 needed children that explaining parents, his foster f ie i i as tu ta hy hud o b to tit I hs lo ihihe te iavnae of disadvantages the highlighted also has It strict. too be not should they that true also is it life, of aet hud o b o 13 too be not should parents fsces n ae life. later in success of eun o rdtoa fml vle ad h 1...... aiy etnie research extensive family: 18...... the and values should struggle e w to family has that believe any father traditional m or fact, to In 17...... ). other return m their the support to hard which in particularly 16...... family, the (or on rely 1...... i t rtes n sse - wr 12...... were - sister and brothers o tw his - 11...... has shown that children from these families are generally better behaved and have a better chance chance better a have and behaved better generally are families these from children that shown has ...... Б ...... о л ь e h ws on, n nihr f hm watd o as hm r his or him raise to anted w them of neither and young, was he hen w ш ...... е р е ...... b hleigte rm h realities the from them sheltering ...... by с у р с о ...... в .. п oeie rud i 1t brha, e a already had he birthday, 13th his around sometime ...... о и ...... parents and guardians and ...... parents taig rm sos n paig rat B the By truant. playing and shops from stealing з у ч е w ith children by letting them do w ha t they t ha w do them letting by children ith w ya4...... hsn by ...... chosen 4 a by н и ю а н г л ...... и er. i prns got parents His years. й с к rm. h jde blamed judge The crime. о г о н а List-English.ru and oi-pcfc vocabulary topic-specific Crime & the law 1 Match the words and phrases in the box with their correct definition 1-10. barrister break the law defendant judge jury law-abiding offender solicitor victim witness 1. A person appointed to make legal decisions in a court of law...... 2. A group of 12 citizens who are sworn to decide whether someone is guilty or innocent on the basis of evidence given in a court of law...... 3. A person who sees something happen or is present when something happens...... 4. A person w ho appears in a court of law accused of doing something illegal...... 5. A person w ho is attacked or w ho is in an accident...... 6. A qualified lawyer who gives advice to members of the public and acts for them in legal matters. 7. A person who commits an offence against the law...... 8. A lawyer w h o can present a case in court...... 9. An expression used to describe someone who obeys the law...... 10. To do something that is illegal...... 2 The following groups of sentences describe the legal process which follows a crime. However, with the exception of the first sentence, the sentences in each group are in the wrong order. Put them into the correct order, using the key words and phrases in bold to help you. Some of these words appear in Task A. P a rti A. One night, Jim Smith committed a serious crime. = Sentence 7 B. Jim asked the officer for a solicitor to help him ...... C. At the same time, the police arranged for a barrister to prosecute him ...... D. They took him to the police station and formally charged him with the crime...... E. When the trial began and he appeared in court for the first time, he pleaded his innocence. F. The next morning the police arrested him ...... Part 2 A . His barrister also said he was innocent and asked the court to acquit him. = Sentence 1 B. While he was in prison, he applied for parole...... C. As a result, the judge sentenced him to tw o years in prison...... D. He was released after 18 months...... E. However, there were several witnesses, and the evidence against him was overwhelming. F. Having all the p roof they needed, the ju ry returned a guilty verdict...... Part 3 A. Unfortunately, prison failed to rehabilitate him and after his release he continued with his misdeeds, attacking an old woman in the street. = Sentence 1 B. Jim promised to reform and the pensioner withdrew her call for more severe retribution. 69 Больше ресурсов по изучению английского на List-English.ru 70 topic-specific vocabulary . t ti i mid ised f asn a passing of instead ind, m in this ith W C. r yu ore aot rm? a. ra i eey a i te aes A tril cie a been has crime terrible A papers. the in day every it read e W am. I crime? about worried you Are 3. Now look at this extract from a politician's speech and complete the gaps with one of the words the of possible. one be may with gaps answer the one than complete more and cases, speech some In 2. politician's a and 1 Exercises from from extract phrases this or at look Now 3. D. He was was He D. appeared in front of a jury in a 3...... of law, he has 4...... has he law, 3...... of a in jury a of front in appeared a not was prison that agreed judge the trial second his t A F. 9 9 hn eotn eoe 1...... hmef ual ofn k n rejected and rk o w find to unable himself, 15...... a becomes often he then tet, e il e go caatr te het f nte sel nji big suitable a being jail in spell another of threat the character, good a be will he streets, new His E. law &the Crime like you and me can sleep more safely at night. at safely more sleep can me and 8...... citizens you like 7...... and his for punished being The answer, of course, is far simpler. W e need to be tough not on the criminal, but on the cause of the of cause the on but criminal, the on not tough be to need e W simpler. isfar course, of answer, The 6 been ...... u wht apn nx? al oe dnt e ta te rsnr ilbnft rm society's from benefit will prisoner the that we, don't hope, all e W next? happens hat w But ae ue e os' cmi aohr rm? hr ae lentvs o rsn o cus, uh as such course, of prison, to alternatives are There crime? another commit to 16...... doesn't the to he do e w can sure hat say.W make you hear I there, are alternatives hat w So ae i a etr esn We l hp ta h wl 11 will he that hope all e W person. better a him make owad oefru now! us for Vote and ard. system, forw legal the for 21...... rk o w the o h w funding people oney m other the taxpayer's all the 22...... and of less and spend should e W crime. 12 iseventually he hen w that hope all e W us. like ...... , h plc hv 2...... oen, e has he someone, 2...... have police the , 1...... uihet icuig 9...... n 20...... 19...... and including punishment, on released be may prisoner again. prison The in back he's before different. long isn't It very society. by usually is reality it. The face let's But 3 1 ag 1...... lentvl, cud sals a oe eee ytm of system severe more a establish could e w Alternatively, 18...... large But society. re-enter to try will He sentence. his of end the 1 ...... before 4 u h moe nta it uprig ervd ra hc aete reiggonsfrcie e W crime. for grounds breeding the are which areas deprived supporting into instead oney m the put yes. Oh us. to is repellent someone executing or beating of idea the and civilised, ourselves consider to like 17 in which he will provide a service to those around him. O r he can pay a pay can he r O him. around those to service a provide will he which in 17 n h Cna Pry eiv ta eeyoy ed a od hne nlf,ad hs s go step good a is this life, in and chance good a needs everybody that believe Party ConLab the in the reinstatement of of reinstatement the ordered him to do do to him ordered ...... hc wl so hmfo raigte a gi. h yes. Oh again. law the breaking from him stop will ...... which ...... t 1 er i pio.Weaealvr eivdta h rmnl is criminal the that relieved very all are e W prison. in years 10 ...... to i incne u hs en on 5...... o hs rm ad e has he and crime his of 5...... found been has but innocence his re-arrested victim, a pensioner, th o u gh t that the judge was being too too being was judge the that t gh u o th pensioner, a co m m un ity service ity un m m co and returned to court...... to returned and Б oprlpuih ent unishm p corporal о л ь ш е р е с у р ...... с о utda sentence, custodial в and and п о ...... aia nsment! unishm p capital и з у ч ...... е н и deterrent ю а he he н г л fined и lenient o i ...... Jim for й ...... с к i a o o moe and oney m of lot a him о ...... г о n i ad ald for called and Jim on and let loose on the on loose let and ta pl i pio il 10 will prison in spell a that н а List-English.ru n become and .. u we but .. him and him oi-pcfc vocabulary topic-specific Education 1 Look at the sentences below and fill in the gaps using the appropriate word from A, B or C. 1. He didn't get a good grade the first time he did his IELTS exam, so decided t o ...... it. A . resit B. remake C. repair 2. People w ho attend university later in life are often ca lle d ...... students. A. aged B. mature C. old 3. Although she had left school and was working, she went to evening classes at the local College of ...... Education. A . U pper B. Further C. H igher 4. After he left school, he decided to go on t o ...... education and applied for a place at Edinburgh University. A . further B. upper C. higher 5. He received a local g o v e rn m e n t...... to help him pay for his course. A. fee B. fare C. grant 6. Education helps us to acquire knowledge and learn n e w ...... A. skills B. powers C. abilities 7. Although she already had a first degree from university, she decided that she wanted to work towards a ...... degree later in life. A . further B. senior C. higher 8. We should make the best of every ...... to learn. A. chance B. opportunity C. availability 9. N ow a d a ys,...... education is prom oted a lot in schools. A . b o d y B. health C. vitality 10. A large number of parents are dissatisfied with th e ...... education system, and put their children into private schools instead. A . gove rn m e n t B. national C. state 11. Because so many students find exams stressful, some colleges offer a system o f ...... assessment instead. A. continual B. continuous C. continuing 12. He has read a lot of books a n d ...... a lot of knowledge. A . acquired B. w o n C. achieved 13. University students have a ...... w ho they meet on a regular basis to discuss their work. A . teacher B. tutor C. lecturer 14. There were more than 50 students at Professor Bryant's...... on city planning. A . lecture B. seminar C. tutorial 2 Complete the passage on the next page with a suitable word or phrase from the box. course day release degree discipline enrol evening class graduate kindergarten literacy numeracy on-line pass primary qualifications secondary skills 71 Больше ресурсов по изучению английского на List-English.ru 72 topic-specific vocabulary wo yas ae bgn tedn hs oa ( ) (2 local his attending ) (1 local a began to going later started he years old, years o three tw was Michael hen W You w ill need to change the form of some of the words. the of some of form the change to need ill w You talents, creative his ith w combined gained, had he that (14)...... a The found He lacked studies. his he continue to that wanted he complained decided he 18, often of age teachers the his at left school and he pupil, hen W keen very a wasn't He school. h opruiy o 1)...... fe he o fu yas t a well-earned a ith w years four or three after (15)...... to opportunity the w e progress through (5)...... (6) and through progress e w a from Photography in (13)...... course an did US. he the in that, college After Design. and h bgnig f lftm o lann. fe te fns sho, ay rges to progress many school, finish they After learning. of lifetime a of beginning the healthy. and fit ae aig h fudtos o te ie ha o u. ms (7) must e W us. of ahead life the for foundations the laying are e w W e live in a fascinating and constantly changing w orld, and w e must continually learn and acquire acquire and learn continually must e w and orld, w changing constantly and fascinating a in live e W u uue ie. rmte metweetr()...... a ml cide, n as and children, small as (4)...... enter e w ent om m the From lives. future our 2. 1 and Exercises from phrases or ords w the of one ith w gaps the complete to and essay this prepared read w o join N to eren't him w 3 Education. for they paid Further hile they of w hours, and College local his orking creative, w at (16)...... things during an all study to for (15)...... passion him his offer develop him to encouraged worked he he years three For and exams, birthday. hard, 19th his before days few a it (10)...... on school-leaving his took he grades. good hen ith w w all ...... them ) (8 However, ...... ) (7 ek An i te lv a og y rm a olg o uiest, hy gt olw an follow ight m they university, or college a from ay w long a the live during study they can if they that so nd A (19)...... obtain week. employer, sympathetic usle t wok ad o ht cn (8) can e w that so hard ork w to ourselves ) (6 at started he 11, of age the t )...... 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(10 ) ere bsc 3) (3 basic learned Education is a long process that not only provides us w ith basic (1)...... such as such (1)...... basic ith us w provides only not that process long isa Education agency e Th job. a him offered they and for, ork w to anted w he that agency an advertising impressed 2)...... ore sn te nent I fc, t s agl de o the to due largely is a it have fact, In they if Internet. or, the ork w using course after (20)...... (18)...... an attend to choose may is it however, as computer others, skills such useful For more teens. learn will they id-to-late m here w their in education are (12)...... they hen w ends process this people, most For course of And us. e nwlde f ae o dp ad ep p t cagn eet. shody ae ut the just are schooldays r u O events. changing ith w up keep and adapt to are e w if ledge know new Yuaenvrtool t er' D arewih ti ttment? statem this ith w agree u o y Do learn'. to ld o too never are 'You proliferation of computers that m any people w h o have not been near a school for m any years, have have years, any m for school a near been not have o h w people any m that computers of proliferation e m program a on (13)...... will Others anagement. m business basic or literacy einn o hs rcs, n sol mk h bs feey( ) 2 (2 every of best the make should e w and process, this of beginning Education ...... we il ed o eue go jb We ut also must e W job. good a secure to need will e w ...... (11) ...... wiha 1)...... n dr rt A odern M (12)...... in a ...... w ith (11) ...... education helps us to understand how w e can stay can e w how understand to us helps education ...... Б о л ь ш е р е с у р с о в п ...... о uh s 4)...... and )...... (4 as such ...... и з у ч е н и ...... ю а ...... н г л ...... и ...... й с к о xm ad an the gain and exams ...... г о col wee he where school, н а List-English.ru students. and .. education, oi-pcfc vocabulary topic-specific The environment 1 Match the first part of each sentence in the left-hand column with its second part in the right-hand column. Use the words and phrases in bold to help you. Check that each sentence you put together is grammatically correct. 1. Some modern agricultural methods have (A) ...in many countries poaching is considered been heavily criticised,... more serious than drug smuggling. 2. If you w ear a fur coat in public,... (B) ...and rare breeds parks are very popular w ith many. 3. It is illegal to kill pandas, tigers... (C) ...in wildlife management. 4. If we don't do more to protect pandas,... (D) ...the government's conservation programme 5. A lot of British people are interested in has been very successful. unusual animals,... (E) ...they'll soon be extinct. 6. National parks in Kenya are currently recruiting experts... (F) ...with battery farming in particular receiving a lot of condemnation. 7. In an attempt to preserve forests around the country... (G) ...it was fascinating to observe their natural behaviour. 8. We would like to carry out more scientific study into rainforests... (H) ...on a successful panda breeding programme. 9. I don't like zoos because I think... (I) ...keeping animals in captivity is cruel. 10. I saw a fascinating documentary about the (J) ...or any other endangered species. way animals live in Venezuela and thought... (K) ...but it is often difficult to get people to 11. The Chinese government has spent a lot of fund the research. money... (L) ...you risk coming under attack from animal 12. Hunters have killed so many animals that... rights activists. 2 Replace the phrases in bold in these sentences with a w ord or phrase from the box so that the sentences sound more natural. There are three words or phrases that you do not need. acid rain biodegradable packaging contaminated deforestation ecosystem emissions environmentalists erosion fossil fuels genetically modified global warming green belt greenhouse organic pesticides pollution rainforest recycle things renewable 1. In Britain, building is restricted or completely banned in the area of farming land or woods and parks which surrounds a town ...... 2. Many companies are developing boxes, cartons and cans which can easily be decomposed by organisms such as bacteria, or by sunlight, sea, water, etc...... 3. The burning of some fuels creates carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide, methane a nd other gases which rise into the atm osphere...... 4. Farmers have cleared hectares of thick wooded land in tropical regions where the precipitation is ve ry h igh ...... 5. Planting trees provides some protection from the gradual wearing away of soil...... 6. W e should all try to process waste material so that it can be used again...... 7. These potatoes are cultivated naturally, without using any chemical fertilisers or pesticides. 8. This bread is made from wheat which has been altered at a molecular level so as to change certain characteristics which can be inherited...... 9. The process of removing the trees from an area of land is destroying millions of acres of woodland every year...... Больше ресурсов по изучению английского на List-English.ru 74 topic-specific vocabulary The environment The hr sn ob htteevrneti ntobe atre un 1...... which burn Factories is in trouble. environment the that doubt is no There opoetn h niomet o ore o hudol u 1...... fruit 14...... buy only should you course, of ent, to is environm the course, of protecting to thing, easiest The this. prevent help to however, do, all can e w of lot a is areas being There 10...... are huge balanced finely our clear comprise which farmers small and large things Meanwhile cap. ice is it polar that waste industrial 6...... by the heavily so are oceans and Rivers melt building. for to threatens which it?' prevent to do of form the 1 Exercises change to from need phrases or may You words possible. the of be one will ith w words. answer gaps the one of the some than complete more cases, and essay some In this 2. at and look ow N 3 he sros 6...... , oee, o uh oe Te ae wr o the of aware are They more. much do however, , 16...... serious e Th committed truly are you If ent). environm the for and us for both safe are they that proves someone thoughtlessness. and greed human by destroyed systematically 4...... to contribute and air e the w into can rise3...... gases hat w and , problem this causes t ha W . problem orld w major a is degradation ental 'Environm gases an d other substances other d an gases The 12. 10. 10. , s uas hv ihrtdteerh btta os' ma a d aee lk t it. ith w like e w hatever w level. do can roots e grass w at bit mean little doesn't n ow that our but do least earth, at the can e w inherited but , have them as humans, as itted m e, W com as be all cannot e W e w course, of or Finally, saloons in large cultivated. 15...... than less naturally cause packaged been these as have car, are they smaller athat buy knowledge supermarkets should the in safe from vegetables, and buy e w things the that check also should e W again. time, same the t A trees. kills this and 2...... , produce 11. Hum an beings have had a devastating effect on the the on effect devastating a had have beings an Hum 11. 13. D on't drink that w ater! It's been been It's ater! w that drink on't D 13. 14. Friends of the Earth, Greenpeace and other 15. other and Greenpeace Earth, the of Friends 14. lbl sus novd n wl atvl ivle hmevs n 7...... by 17...... in themselves involve actively will and involved issues global transport. public of use more make to try should e w better, Even SUVs. animals, of millions off killing all are e w 7...... which overfishing poisonous 8...... and out in. pump breathe Cars to have swimming. go to safe longer wood no or cattle for land feeding produce to azon Am asthe such places 5...... in ae cncos fot o vi fos hc ae 3...... a lat until least (at 13...... are which foods avoid to effort conscious a make living all us, around all 9...... In fact, other and elephants whales, including aig ue u frss r kp sf fr uue eeain. hy il poe ciiis hc are which activities the keep oppose to will paign They cam will generations. they d 18...... A n as future such for safe animals, kept to are harmful forests our sure making 1...... at mtra sc a ppr n gas o ht cn s it use should can e w e w time, same that the so t A glass easily. and decomposes paper which as 1 2...... such packaging material waste 1...... 1 9...... rud u o sad iisfe rm nw building. new from free cities and ns tow our 19...... around Polluted precipitation w hich kills trees kills hich w precipitation Polluted r odn frm nLno tmonth m xt e n London in forum a holding are the remains o f plants and animals and f plants o remains the at fteword...... rld o w the of parts h haig p h erhs t shr by pollution y b osphere atm earth's the f o up heating The Б о л ь ш е р е which come from factories using oil, coal and other other and coal oil, using factories from come which с d ry smehn ei ddt t i to dded a g in be ething som y b irty d ade m a as eiu a g oteevrn ent...... environm the to age dam serious cause can у р с falls a long distance away from the source of the pollution. the of source the from away distance long a falls о в п ...... о epecnendwih rtcig h nioment environm the protecting ith w concerned people и з у ч е living things, bo th large a n d small, d n a large th bo things, living н и ю а s hetnn lf a we nw it. know e w as life threatening is н г л и й с к о г о н а ...... List-English.ru fuels w hich are hich w fuels n many in oi-pcfc vocabulary topic-specific Food & diet 1 Look at the dictionary definitions, and arrange the letters in bold to form the words they are defining. The first letter of each word is underlined. Write your answers in the crossword on the next page. (Each definition is followed by a sample sentence in italics with the word removed). 1. Natural substances found in food that are 9. Weak or ill because you do not eat enough, necessary to keep your body healthy. or because you do not eat enough of the Each one is given a name using a letter of right foods. Inomaisheurd (24 per cent of the alphabet, aimvistn (Apples contain children in the school were found to be several essential_____ ) ) 2. Of food: providing the substances that 10. Natural substances found in some foods people need in order to be healthy, that you need for good health, amerlins nitsortiuu (A healthy,_____ meal) (Milk contains calcium, one o f the most im portant_____ for maintaining strong bones) 3. Someone who chooses not to eat meat or fish, geetrvanai (I've been a _____ since I was 13) 11. Oil found in meat. taf. (You should trim the off meat before you cook it) 4. Substances found in food that supply your body with heat and energy, bocaratydesrh 12. The parts of fruit, vegetables and grain that (Bread, potatoes and rice are a good source your body cannot digest, brfie (Dietary o f _____ ) helps protect us from disease) 5. A substance found in food such as meat, 13. Heavier than you should be. worigvehet eggs and milk that people need in order (I'm a couple of kilogrammes_____ ) to grow and be strong, pntiroe (Children who lack sufficient_____ in their diet are 14. Food that has recently been picked, caught often ill) or prepared, sfrhe ( vegetables are much nicer than frozen ones) 6. A substance in your blood that can cause heart disease if you have too much of it. 15. Units for measuring how much energy you eroclshtloe. (There are many foods that get from food, ridesao (There are over 150 claim to reduce_____ levels) in a small packet of crisps) 7. A serious lack of food that continues for a 16. Describing food that has had chemicals or long time and causes many people in a other substances added to it. percedsos country to become ill or die. anfeim (_____ meat keeps for longer than natural (The crop failure caused widespread_____ meat) in the region) 8. A condition in which someone is too fat, in a way that is dangerous for their health, eoitbys (The report highlighted the problems caused by childhood_____ ) 75 Больше ресурсов по изучению английского на List-English.ru 76 topic-specific vocabulary . rfs o a gsfo atr hces D chickens. battery from eggs eat to refuse I 4. 9. Too m any people fail to eat a balanced diet. balanced a eat to fail people any m Too 9. of cases in increase an been has There 8. be will there continues, t gh rou d the If 7. possible. is answer one than ore m cases, some In you. 2 Match sentences sentences Match 2 6. The harvest has been very bad this year. this bad very been has harvest The 6. c quite are vegetables and fruit Organic 3. genetically trust not do people any M 2. 5. I only eat meat from free range animals. range free from meat eat only I 5. 0 Fs od svr pplr ■*' popular. isvery food Fast 10. . o fpol r legct nt A. nuts to allergic are people of lot A 1. od &diet Food salmonella, listeria, e.coli and other types of of types other poisoning. and e.coli food listeria, salmonella, eiu od hrae. G. shortages. food serious expensive, but may be better for you. for better be may but expensive, dfe fos B. foods. odified m 1-10 Б о w ith a second sentence A - J. Use the key w ord s and phrases in bold to help help to bold in phrases and s ord w key the Use J. - A sentence second a ith w л ь ш е р е с у р с о в п о и з F. h у . ч Animals should not spend their lives lives their spend not should Animals eat they if reaction . physical them bad a have y The The y should make an effort to consume consume to effort an make should y The ofnd n ml cages. small in confined sufficient quantities of the different food food different the of quantities sufficient these. of some isfattening it that fact the of spite in is This from crops prevented has rain much Too the altering that sure not are They naturally, cultivated are they because is This groups. unhealthy. and behaviour. natural their express to space certain issafe. change characteristics to cells of composition of lot a port im to have may e w result, a As or fertilisers chemical any using t u o ith w It can be difficult to trace the sources of of sources the trace to difficult be can It properly. ripening foods. basic е I like to know that the animals have enough enough have animals the that know to like I pesticides. н и ю а н г л и й с к о г о н а List-English.ru oi-pcfc vocabulary topic-specific Food & diet 3 Complete this article w ith the words and phrases from Exercises 1 and 2. In some cases, more than one answer is possible. Children love eating (1)...... , but burgers, chicken nuggets and other heavily (2 )...... food products not only contain a large num ber of unhealthy chemicals and other additives, but also lack the essential (3 )...... and (4)...... that a child needs. In addition, they also contain a lot of (5)...... and (6)...... which, if eaten in quantity, can result in childhood (7 )...... (in fact, a recent survey suggests that 39 per cent of 8 - 15 year-olds are seriously overweight). M any children end up (8)...... , since they eat too much of the w rong sort of food. In fact, in many parts of the developed world, a lot of children show similar symptoms to those in poorer developing countries, w here food (9)...... cause thousands of deaths from starvation, especially in the wake of natural disasters which ruin crops and in some cases totally destroy the annual (10)...... Furthermore, the large amounts of (11)...... in animal and dairy products (a common feature of fast food) are believed to be partly responsible for increased cases of heart disease in young people, a recent phenomenon that is causing great concern. It is therefore im portant children learn the benefits of eating a (12)...... , as it is important they consume sufficient quantities of the different food groups. They should be encouraged to eat more (13)...... fruit and vegetables, and also more food that is high in (14)...... They should still be allowed the occasional burger or pizza, but these should be seen as an occasional treat rather than forming the main part of their diet. 77 Больше ресурсов по изучению английского на List-English.ru 78 topic-specific vocabulary . og • li • aefl • olw valley • hollow • waterfall • plain • gorge 4. others. the ith w belong not does that ord w isone there list, each In largest). the = 4 smallest, . od oen sa cp • lake • cape • sea • ocean • pond 8. . od• ek fopt • rc • lane • track • footpath • peak • road 2. . iy cniet tiuay cut • country • county stream • • tributary estuary • • continent river • • brook city 7. • cliff 6. the = (1 sizes. their to according order in box first the in list each in phrases and words the Put 1 muti • ilc • hr • il muti range mountain • hill • shore • hillock • mountain 3 2 Put these words and phrases into their correct category in the boxes below and on the next page. next the on and below boxes the in category correct their into phrases and words these Put 2 Geography Some can be included in more than one category. one than more in included be can Some cove • bay • inlet • ridge • gulf 5. . oet te • os • ec • wood • beach • copse • tree • forest 1. w ater and the sea the and ith w ater w associated features Geographical densely populated fertile glacier highlands industrialised industrialised highlands glacier fertile populated densely plateau ridge shore source summit tributary under-developed under-developed tributary summit source shore depopulation ridge conurbation plateau coastline coast cliff cape beach irrigation mountainous mouth overcrowding peak peninsula peninsula waterfall peak vegetation overcrowding sprawl urban mouth mountainous irrigation .1 4. 8. 1 7. 3. 2. .1 6. 5. 1. 1 1 1 1 1 ...... Б о л ь 2 , 2 , 2 , 2 , 2 2 2 2 ш е ...... р е с у р ...... с о в п о , 3 , , 3 , 3 , и ...... 3 3 3 3 ...... 3 з ...... у ...... ч land, hills and mountains and hills land, egahclfaue soitdwith w associated features Geographical е н и ю ...... а н г л и й 4...... 4 , 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 с к о ...... г о н а List-English.ru oi-pcfc vocabulary topic-specific Geography Words and phrases associated with Words and phrases associated with towns agriculture and rural land a n d cities 3 Complete this report of a journey w ith words and phrases from Exercises 1 and 2. In some cases. more than one answer is possible. W e began our journey in the capital, Trinifuegos, a 1...... conurbation of almost 10 million. It is not a pretty place; heavily 2...... with huge factories belching out black fumes, and miles of 3...... as housing estates and shopping centres spread out from the 4 ...... centre for miles. It was a relief to leave. As soon as we got into the countryside, things improved considerably. The climate is dry and it is difficult to g ro w anything, but thanks to 5...... , which helps bring w ater in from the Rio Cauto (the huge river w ith its 6...... high up in the snow- covered 7...... of the Sierra Maestra 8...... ), the land is fertile enough to grow the sugar cane on which much of the economy is based. We saw few people, however, as many have moved to the towns and cities to look for more profitable work. It is largely due to this rural 9...... that the sugar-cane industry is suffering. Further south and w e entered the Holguin 10...... with mountains rising high above us on both sides. The land here drops sharply to the sea and the slow-moving waters of the Rio Cauto give way to 11...... which tum ble over cliffs, and small, fast- m oving 12...... which are not even w ide enough to take a boat. A t this point, the road w e w ere travelling along became a 13...... which was only just wide enough for our vehicle, and then an unpaved 14...... which almost shook the vehicle to pieces. And then suddenly, the Pacific 15...... was in front of us. O ur destination was the tow n of Santiago de Gibara, built on a 16...... sticking out into the blue waters. The countryside here undulates gently, with low 17...... covered in rich tropical jungle. The open 18...... surrounding the 19...... of the Rio Cauto as it reaches the ocean is rich and 20...... , ideal for growing the tobacco plants which need a lot of warm, damp soil. That night I lay in my cheap hotel, listening to the waves gently lapping the 21...... and when I eventually fell asleep, I dreamt of the people w ho had first inhabited this 22...... almost 2,000 years before. 79 Больше ресурсов по изучению английского на List-English.ru 80 topic-specific vocabulary options are incorrectly spelt. incorrectly are options 4. T h e ...... caused immense damage in the regions along the coast. the along regions the in damage immense ...... caused e h T 4. 3. A ...... struck the southern coast w ith trem endous force. endous trem ith w coast southern ...... struckthe A 3. coast. the along all properties ...... dam aged e h T 2. 1 Complete sentences sentences Complete 1 . hr hs en maj ...... o h motorway. m the r...... on jo a m a been has There 8. south the between t fough was ...... of 1861-1865 n a ric e m A The 7. city. the occupied army as the night the during heard Several...... were 6. lbl problems Global ...... a be dr n fryas bt at nh t showed it onth m last but years, for ant dorm ...... has been e h T 5...... an a bogtsros problems. serious brought has 9...... rain than one answer is possible. is answer one than 1. Thousands of buildings were flattened in the San Francisco San inthe flattened were buildings of Thousands 1. Cmlt te etne wt a aporae od r hae rm h bx I sm css more cases, some In box. the from phrase or word appropriate an with sentences the Complete 2 . he re ir f e Th 2. 10. The storm caused w id espre ad ...... along the coast. the ...... along ad espre id w caused storm The 10. 13...... is widespread in parts of Africa, w ith millions suffering from suffering millions ith w Africa, of parts in 13...... is areas. widespread ...... -stricken o t food bringing are workers Relief 12. rain. heavy by caused ...... w ere e h T 11. 5 The...... wssra fo ast la n hn nt humans. to on then and fleas to rats from spread ...... was e h T ...... of15. cholera. n a prevent to steps taking are authorities The 14. 1. Th e disease e Th 1. A . earthquack B. earthquake B. earthquack . A A . hurricane B. hurriccane B. hurricane . A tiu B yhn C typhoon C. tornaddo C. typhone B. tornado B. taifun . A tornadoe . A A . explossions B. explosiones B. vulcano B. explossions . A volcano . A cvlwar . ii C ci lwar a w il iw c C. accident B. r a w sivil B. acident . A r a w civil . A Treta B Torential B. Torrential . A dr gt . ought h g u ro d B. floods B. ught ra d . A devustation B. floodes . A n tio sta a w de . A in fnw life. new of signs eie c . pdmic epidem B. ine m Fam B. ic m epidem . A Famine . A n h north. the and A . plague B. plaque B. plague . A alnutrition. m ped ufrn survivors suffering spread rk u csate dsse eutd eues eif shook relief refugees erupted disaster casualties out broke ...... Б 1-15 о л ь w ith the correct w ord or phrase from A, B or C. In each case tw o of the of o tw case each In C. or B A, from phrase or ord w correct the ith w ш е р е с C. C. у C. р C. C. C. C. C. с о C. C. C. C. в п о ...... hog h lm, etoig everything. destroying slums, the through и з ail, iln eeyoy n t path. its in everybody killing rapidly, у ч е н earthquaik explosions ...... of 1906...... of и huriccane volcanoe ю а н г л и й с к о г о н а List-English.ru devastation pie ic eppidem acciddent Torrantial Faminne ouhgt h u ro d plaigue flouds oi-pcfc vocabulary topic-specific Global problems 3. W hen the vo lca n o ...... , people panicked and tried to escape. 4. The g r o u n d ...... violently w hen the earthquake began. 5. Fierce fig h tin g ...... between governm ent soldiers and rebel forces. 6. A funeral was held for t h e ...... of the fire. 7. A n aid convoy was sent to h e lp ...... of the hurricane. 8 from the conflict in Mantagua have been fleeing across the border. 9. The poor people in the city have experienced te rrib le ...... as a result of the disaster. 10. International aid agencies are trying to b rin g ...... to the starving population. 3 Complete this report w ith words and phrases from Exercises 1 and 2. In some cases, more than one answer is possible. REPORT FROM THE INTERNATIONAL CHARITIES SUPPORT FOUNDATION (ICSF) The last year has been a particularly busy one for the ICSF. Outlined below are a few of the areas we have been busy in. 1. Following 1...... rain in eastern Mozamlumbi in January, millions were made homeless as 2...... waters rose. The water also became polluted and there was a cholera 3...... as people continued to use it for drinking and cooking. Furthermore, as the harvest had been destroyed and there was not enough food to go round, 4...... became a problem. Charities around the world worked particularly hard to bring 5...... to the area. 2. M ount Etsuvius, the 6...... which had been dorm ant since 1968, 7...... suddenly in April. Thousands had to be evacuated to camps 30 miles from the disaster area. They still have not been rehoused. 3. The 8...... in the Caribbean in July, which saw w ind speeds of up to 180 miles per hour, caused immense 9...... on many islands. Islands off the Japanese coast also suffered their worst 10...... in almost 30 years, with prolonged winds in excess of 150 miles per hour. There were many 11...... w ho had to be evacuated to hospitals which were not properly equipped to deal w ith the disasters. 4. The 12...... in the northern part of Somopia continued into its second year, with millions of acres of crops destroyed by lack of rain. Meanwhile, the 13...... between those loyal to the president and those supporting the rebel leader continued into its fifth year. 14...... from the conflict have been fleeing across the border, w ith stories of atrocities committed by both sides. 5. In October, a fire 15...... through Londum, the ancient capital of Perania. The 16...... , which probably started in a bakery, destroyed thousands of homes. There were several 17...... when the fire reached a fireworks factory, and a number of people were killed. 6. A n outbreak of bubonic 18...... was reported in the eastern provinces of Indocuba in November. It is believed to have been caused by a sudden increase in the num ber of rats breeding in the sewers. A full report will be available in February, and will be presented to the appropriate departments of the United Nations shortly afterwards. 81 Больше ресурсов по изучению английского на List-English.ru topic-specific vocabulary the sentence sounds more natural. There are three words or phrases that you do not need. not do you that phrases or words three are There natural. more sounds sentence the 4. Some Some 4. 4. 4. RBE S PROBLEM you. help to bold in phrases and words 2 Replace the words or phrases in bold in these sentences w ith a w ord or phrase from the box so that so box the from phrase or ord w a ith w sentences these in bold in phrases or words the Replace 2 2. O ne of the secrets of rem aining in good health is to choose choose isto health good in aining rem of secrets the of ne O 2. 9. Premature babies are are babies Premature 9. 8. People in positions of responsibility often often responsibility of positions in People 8. a live days these people any m Too 7. by affected are men than en om w ore M 2. 6. It is im portant not to eat too much food food much too eat to not portant im is It 6. 3. Most people, w hen they are ill, rely on on rely ill, are they hen w people, Most 3. CURES 3. A ir conditioning units are often responsible responsible often are units conditioning ir A 3. 5. M any people are turning to to turning are people any M 5. 5. Too much exposure to the sun can cause cause can sun the to exposure much Too 5. the Use column. right-hand the in sentence a ith w column left-hand the in sentence the Match 1 1. If you suffer from a bad back, a massage may be be may massage a back, bad a from suffer you If 1. 2 Te onr i urnl xeinig its experiencing iscurrently country The 12. AIDS e Th 11. hospitals that say professionals Healthcare 10. 1. Mrs Brady has suffered from terrible terrible from suffered has Brady Mrs 1. Healthcare sedentary lifestyle. sedentary w orst orst w serious skin skin health, rather than ju s t dealing w ith the sym ptom s o f the illness. the f o s ptom sym the ith w dealing t s ju than rather health, spreading for arthritis. w ith a high high a ith w atism rheum around the country are suffering from from suffering are country the around o n n Britain. in on m com therapeutic traditional medicines vitamins welfare state welfare vitamins medicines traditional therapeutic Cardiovascular disease Cardiovascular low in fat. in low nraigy popular. increasingly illnesses. have have igoe oitcmdcn mnrl oeain rti surgeon protein debilitating operation medicine minerals conventional medicine holistic consultant diagnose diet a active cancer. stress-related l pdmic epidem flu l-ahoe crs or illnesses, r fo cures old-fashioned underfunding. virus cholesterol for years. for infections is incurable. Б for over 30 years. 30 over for illnesses. о л vulnerable ь is becom ing more more ing becom is content. rud n office. an around ш е ramet whc ivle h whol pro, nldn hi ental m their including person, le o h w the involve hich w ents treatm р е с to to у р с о m odern pills a n d tablets d n a pills odern m в п such as herbal tablets and remedies, are becoming becoming are remedies, and tablets herbal as such о и з able to cure o r relieve the disorder. the relieve r o cure to able у (A ) Illnesses which affect the the affect which Illnesses ) (A (K) Once the body's body's the Once (K) I Hwvr h oen n eis t has it denies ent governm the However, (I) (H ) Th e painful painful e Th ) (H the caught has o h w Anyone ) (G person one from spread be easily can y The (C) (B) This is deposited on the walls of the the of walls the on isdeposited This (B) (L) Th e pressures of a high-pow ered job can can job ered high-pow a of pressures e Th (L) (J) H ow ever there are drugs which can slow slow can which drugs are there ever ow H (J) (F) This is because their their because is exercise. This enough (F) get don't y The (E) the in stiffness or Pains ) (D ч е the the another. to arteries eight. overw are o h w cause nervous nervous cause antibiotics, ith. w live to difficult very be can drugs. find. to difficult be can cure a abnormally, o iscl-etoig properties. cell-destroying its n dow Service. made made require require ith w treated be cannot it that inded rem developed. properly blood are particularly com m on w ith people people ith w on m com particularly are blood н и ю y tms ptom sym cutbacks а surgery. fo o d to eat to d o fo n cn lc hm. them block can and н г л ocr hm. them cure to and they should stay inside until until inside stay should they and nlmmation m inflam и й strain, ae passed. have to the National Health Health National the to с cells к о that is high in fibre and and fibre in high is that г im m une system une m im о w hich may require require may hich w tr rwing grow start oi ts in jo н а circulation of a joint may may joint a of List-English.ru virus or or muscles is of of is not not is oi-pcfc vocabulary topic-specific Healthcare 6. Doctors sometimes refer their patients to a medical specialist attached to a hospital. 7. It takes many years of training to become a doctor specialising in surgery. 8. Meat, eggs and nuts are rich sources of a compound which is an essential part o f living cells, and which is essential to keep the human body working properly. 9. O n his holiday, he had to take essential substances which are not synthesised by the body but are found in food and are needed for growth and health, because the food he ate lacked the B and C groups. 10. Calcium and zinc are two of the most important substances found in food. 11. Most doctors recommend an energetic lifestyle, with plenty of exercise. 12. British people enjoy free healthcare thanks to the large amount o f money which is spent to make sure they have adequate health services. 3 Now look at this extract from a magazine article and complete the gaps with one of the words or phrases from Exercises 1 and 2. In some cases, more than one answer may be possible. A cure for the future in the past? For over 50 years, the people of Britain have relied on the 1...... to make sure they have adequate health services. But now the National Health Service is sick. Government 2...... and 3...... are forcing hospitals to close, and waiting lists for treatment are getting longer. Under such circumstances, it is no surprise that more people are turning to private (but expensive) healthcare. For some, however, there are alternatives. They are turning their backs on modern pills, tablets and other 4 ...... It seems paradoxical, but in an age of microchips and high technology, 5 (the old-fashioned cures that our grandparents relied on) is making a comeback. Consider these case studies: Maude is 76 and has been suffering from 6...... for almost 10 years. "The inflammation in my joints was almost unbearable, and my doctor referred me to a 7...... at the London Hospital. I was told that I needed 8...... but w ould need to w ait for at least two years before I could have the operation. In desperation, I started having massage sessions. To my surprise, these were very 9...... and while they didn't cure the disorder, they did relieve it to some extent." Ron is 46. His high-powered city job was responsible for a series of 10...... illnesses, and the drugs he took did little to relieve the nervous strain. "I read about treatments which involve the whole person rather than the individual 11...... but I had always been sceptical about 12...... However, my friend recommended a dietician w h o advised me that part of my problem was 13...... -related. Basically, the foods I was eating were contributing to my disorder. She gave me a list of foods that would provide the right 14...... and 1 5...... to keep me in good health. At the same time, she recommended a more 1 6...... lifestyle - running, swimming, that kind of thing. I'm a bit of a couch potato, and the 17...... lifestyle I had lived was compounding the problem. Now I feel great!" So is there still a place in our lives for m odern medicine? W hile it is true that some infections and viruses may be prevented by resorting to alternative medicine, more serious illnesses such as 18...... need more drastic measures. We do need our health service at these times, and w e shouldn't stop investing in its future. But we mustn't forget that for some com m on illnesses, the cure may lie in the past. ______83 Больше ресурсов по изучению английского на List-English.ru topic-specific vocabulary h media The after each definition. each after 1 Match the words and phrases in the box w ith their definitions definitions their ith w box the in phrases and words the Match 1 T.B.: T.B.: 2 Complete this extract from a television interview with an appropriate word or phrase from the box. the from phrase or word appropriate an with interview television a from extract this Complete 2 Interviewer: Interviewer: Interviewer: Interviewer: alis website tabloids 2. 4. 3. nomto vrod h nent orait lgo reporters on log download journalists affairs current Internet the coverage overload information broadsheets broadcasts freedom of the press gutter press information integrity integrity information press gutter press the of freedom 7. 6. censorship chequebook journalism entertainment exploiting exploiting entertainment journalism chequebook censorship 5. 1. invasion of privacy investigative journalism libel media tycoon media unscrupulous libel readership journalism investigative paparazzi privacy of invasion The am ount of space or tim e given to to given e tim or space of ount am The oetra asod n satt access to start and password a enter To ...... w o n happening are that an event in newspapers or on television on or newspapers in event an malfr tnwspapers...... new at all-form Sm People w h o w rite for newspapers or or newspapers for periodicals...... rite w o h w People newspapers quality at Large-form cmptrsse ...... system puter com a ai o eeiin programmes television or Radio events economic and social Political, hn yu I m oiin i' tm te oen n ipsd stricter imposed ent governm the time it's the opinion, discussing my be In you. will Thank e w Today e. m program today's to e elcom W hyr lk utrs An eeyhn hypitaot e s is cmlt rubbish. 7...... complete lies, is me of about hordes print his they by everything nd A vultures. like photographed They're being by t ithou w money making from reporters and journalists ...... 4 f ...... - nwdy I a' ee snah i m garden my in sunbathe even can't I nowadays 6...... - of television Ihave studio the In like? they hatever w say or print to channels television and ...... o te rs i odr o prevent to order in press the of 3...... Poubelle, Rupert 2...... the of and ner ow Blake illionaire multi-m othy Tim personality and 9...... and censorship would deprive us of much of this? of much of us deprive Rupert? 8...... would valuable censorship uswith and 9...... provides and media the that true it isn't But Poubelle'sorganisation r M accused often I have people. 5...... 1...... and asking the question: Should w e allow newspapers allow e w Should question: the asking and 1...... Б о л ь ш е р е с у р с о в п Daily Views Daily о и з 8. у 9. 11. linking ork netw international The 10. 12. A collection of on-line pages created by by created pages on-line of collection A 12. ч е oro comput r te u p to m on o c n website ow a your from pages transfer To h eso hears...... or sees she n xrsin eern ote inability the to referring expression An cmay ognsto o individual or organisation company, a of a hum an to process everything he or or he everything process to an hum a of racss bu vns nte news the in events make or about articles broadcasts rite w o h w People iloso o puters...... com of millions н newspaper. Tim othy, let's start w ith you. ith w start let's othy, Tim newspaper. и ю а н г 1-12. л и й с rt te r o phrase or ord w the Write к о г ...... о н а List-English.ru oi-pcfc vocabulary topic-specific The media R.P.: Of course, Mr, Blake's accusations are unfounded, as are the accusations of 10...... w e have received. However, I can safely say that the Daily Views never pays people huge amounts of money for stories. We have far too much 11...... for that. A nd don't forget that my paper also has an excellent reputation for 12...... Remember it was us who uncovered corruption in the banking system, and ran a series of articles on child labour in clothing factories. W e give our 13...... w hat they want, and that's what really counts. T.B.: But most of what you report isn't really news. And a lot of it is just a big pile of lies. Sensational stories made up to entertain people. Typical 14...... behaviour, in other words. I'm amazed nobody has sued you for 15...... yet. 3 Now read this essay and complete the gaps with one of the words or phrases from Exercises 1 and 2. You will need to change the form of some of the words. 'The media plays a valuable role in keeping us informed and entertained. However, many people believe it has too much power and freedom .' Discuss your views on this, giving examples and presenting a balanced argument both in favour of, and against, the power and freedom of the media. Barely a hundred years ago, if we wanted to stay informed about what was going on in the world, we had to rely on word of mouth or, at best, newspapers. But because communication technology was very basic, the news w e received was often days or weeks old. We still have newspapers, of course, but they have changed almost beyond recognition. Whether we choose to read the 1...... with their quality 2...... of news and other 3...... by top 4...... and articles by acclaimed 5...... or w e prefer the popular 6...... , w ith their lively gossip and colourful stories, w e are exposed to a wealth of information barely conceivable at the beginning of the last century. W e also have television and radio. News 7...... let us know about w orld events practically as they happen, while sitcoms, chat shows and documentaries, etc. keep us entertained and inform ed. A nd there is also 8 ...... , w here w e can access inform ation from millions of 9...... around the w orld which w e can then 10...... on to our ow n computers. However, these forms of 11...... and 12...... (or 'infortainment' as they are sometimes collectively called) have their negative side. Famous personalities frequently accuse the 13...... (and sometimes even respectable papers) of 14 by gangs of 15...... w ho follow them around with their cameras and long lenses. Newspapers are often accused of 16...... by angry politicians who hate reading damaging lies about themselves, and there are frequent accusations of 17...... , with 18...... reporters paying people vast sums of money to tell them about the crime they committed or what their famous neighbour has been up to. Of course, it's not just the papers which are to blame. Television companies have cast their 19...... aside to get a good story, and you cannot even 2 0...... to the Internet w ithout seeing something shocking or unacceptable. 2 1...... argue that they are just giving people w hat they want, but in my opinion, people should not always get what they want. M any argue that the governm ent should impose stricter 22...... to prevent such things happening. But others argue that 23...... is the keystone of a free country. Personally, I take the view that while the media may occasionally abuse its position of power, the benefits greatly outweigh the disadvantages. Our lives would be much emptier without the wealth of information available to us today, and we are better people as a result. 85 Больше ресурсов по изучению английского на List-English.ru 86 topic-specific vocabulary to have a positive connotation or a negative connotation. negative a or connotation positive a have to 4 2 Most Most 2 8 They can also be much more more much be also can They 8 ore m also are they experience, my In 6 3 It's a fact that, w hen it comes to prom oting their employees, some companies still still companies some employees, their oting prom to comes it hen w that, fact a It's 3 1 Look at the words and phrases in bold in these sentences and decide if w e generally consider them consider generally e w if decide and sentences these in bold in phrases and words the at Look 1 9 M y elder brother is such issuch brother elder y M 9 at better are they more, hat's W 7 5 1 They w ould never adm it it, but men and w om en are in a continuous continuous a in are en om w and men but it, it adm never ould w They 1 2 hi: tik ht laig n coig r a o ns o. fe al mn r n go at good no are men all, After job. an's wom a are cooking and cleaning that think I Chris: Sam: In w ha t way? t ha w In Sam: Chris: A nd in the workplace, w om en aren't very 2...... very aren't en om w workplace, the in nd A Chris: disagree. I Sam: 12 Some m ight say that he's a bit of a of bit a he's that say ight m Some 12 11 10 As far he is concerned, w om en are little m ore than than ore m little are en om w concerned, is he far As 10 e &women Men 15 14 13 M y younger brother, on the other hand, has has hand, other the on brother, younger y M 13 Professional businesswomen, especially those in senior m anagem ent positions, are more more are positions, ent anagem m senior in those especially businesswomen, Professional A recent survey suggests that m any professional w om en w orking for large companies and and companies large for orking w en om w professional any m that suggests survey recent A Use the words and phrases in the box to complete the conversation. the complete to box the in phrases and words the Use He is completely iscompletely He He doesn't think that w om en are the the are en om w that think doesn't He e eivs in believes He the basis of someone's sex. someone's of basis the than men. men. than Positive organisations often hit a hit often organisations e iciiainAt oilcneto stereotypes convention social Act Discrimination Sex household management male counterparts practical role division division role roles gender practical counterparts male childrearing management breadwinner household sexes the of battle 1 ...... major major / Negative companies companies Positive equality equality unreconstructed. unreconstructed. Б о / л Negative ь are male-dominated. male-dominated. are between men and w om en. en. om w and men between ш a male chauvinist! chauvinist! male a glass ceiling ceiling glass е ruthless ruthless Positive р е multi-tasking. multi-tasking. с у dinosaur. dinosaur. р Positive / с versatile. versatile. w hen necessary. necessary. hen w weaker sex. sex. weaker at some point in their career. career. their in point some at о Negative в п / о egalitarian egalitarian Positive Negative и Positive Positive з Positive у Positive ч sex objects. objects. sex е Positive Positive / н / / Negative и Positive Negative Negative / views. views. ю / Negative Negative / а / н Negative Negative г / л Positive Negative Positive и й с Positive к о power struggle struggle power / / г о Negative Negative н / а . Negative are they?. are List-English.ru discriminate discriminate at w ork. ork. w at astute on on oi-pcfc vocabulary topic-specific Men & women Chris: In the way that there are a lot of things they can't do as well as men can . Such as, er, well, I can't think of anything in particular at the moment. Sam: Exactly. Chris: Well, let's face it, w om en never do as well as their 3...... at w ork. Sam: I've never heard such unreconstructed rubbish. Thank goodness the 4...... exists to prevent your views being put into practice. And I suppose you think that women are only good for changing babies' nappies, and other tedious aspects of 5...... Chris: No, but I do believe that in a modern household, there should be a clearly defined 6...... M en are good at DIY, for example. Most w om en aren't. A n d I'll always believe that it's the man w h o should be the 7...... , providing food and shelter for his family. Sam: Well, all I can say is that I'm glad your ideas of 8 ...... are not shared by most people. Chris: Nonsense! A lot of people believe in traditional 9...... : the man goes out to work, the w om an stays at home. It's as simple as that. Sam: Men at work and women at home? Come on, love, those are such typical 1 0...... W ith people like you around, the 1 1...... will continue to rage on and on. Chris: Oh give it a rest, Dad. I'm right, and you know I am. Sam: Sorry, Christine, but we're in the twenty-first century now. You need to move with the times. 3 Complete this essay with words and phrases from Exercises 1 and 2. In some cases, more than one answer is possible. A totally 1...... society, in which sexual 2...... between men and women is the norm, is still a long way off. This is certainly the case if you watch certain television programmes, where men are often portrayed as the 3...... bringing money home to the wife, w h o is often depicted as the 4...... , prone to extreme emotions and temper tantrums. But is this really the case? Is it still fair to create 5...... such as this? After all, as more w om en go out to work, and more men stay at home to look after the house and children, it is becoming clear that so-called 6...... are merging and disappearing. 87 Больше ресурсов по изучению английского на List-English.ru 88 topic-specific vocabulary you are expected to do more than one job. A nd thanks to the 11...... the to thanks nd A tougher, job. not one if than were more tough, do as to just be expected are can companies you they that and proving are businesses en om w now years, However, business. For of 8...... more thrust as example. seen traditionally an were as workplace office the Take h od es teeoe i ta wo n o ogr ed o elte ae eadd s mere as regarded are they feel to need longer no en om w that is therefore, news, good The 10...... at better much are en om w hm, o, hr i ls vdne f 15 of less isevidence there too, home, t A the workplace w h o think they can do everything and anything better than their female colleagues, colleagues, female their than better anything and in everything do men 13...... can many they still are think there o h w unfortunately, workplace the (although, breed dying a hl smlaeul big oe ...... ad aig I fc, n ay ways, many in fact, In caring. 9...... and more being simultaneously while Te ietr, aaes n ohr eir xctvs ee always were executives senior other and managers directors, The men because probably was This female. always almost assistants personal and secretaries the male, 7 and there are still cases where w om en climbing up through the ranks get to a point where they hit a hit they where point a to get ranks the through up climbing en om w where cases still are there and 12...... is cases,the many in that, appear ould w It men. as same the paid are 21...... In fact, m any believe that in the 22 the in that believe any m fact, In 21...... l a hl h a ty u ni l hours. all until out stays man the while day all 16...... and cleaning cooking, the all does it is w om en w h o have come out on top. on out come have o h w en om isw it 18...... equally. shared often isnow 4...... n cno lm n higher). any climb cannot 14...... and 19...... e &women Men Б о л ь ш е р е с у р ...... с о в п о и з у ч е н ...... I i n lne h wmn ho w woman the longer is no ...... It no longer expects the w om an to stay indoors stay to an om w the expects longer no ...... и . which is vital in modern business where business modern in isvital which ю . а oe bet da wih h cut-and- the ith w deal to able more uh 17 Such н г л и й ...... с rte nedg i a 20 a in underdogs the or к о г о н а List-English.ru . wmen wom t their ith . w .. oi-pcfc vocabulary topic-specific Money & finance 1 Use a dictionary to find the differences between the words and phrases in bold in the following groups. 1. make a p ro fit & make a loss 11. a bank & a building society 2. extravagant & frugal / economical 12. a discount & a refund 3. a current account & a deposit account 13. something which was a bargain, something which was overpriced and something which 4. a loan & a m ortgage was exorbitant 5. to deposit money & to withdraw money 14. w orthless & priceless 6. a w age & a salary 15. save m o n e y & invest money 7. broke & bankrupt 16. inflation & deflation 8. shares, stocks, & dividends 17. incom e & expenditure 9. incom e tax & excise duty 18. to lend & to b o rro w 10. to credit & to debit 2 Match the sentences in column A with the sentences in column B. Use the words and phrases in bold to help you. Colum n A Colum n B 1. The managing director believes the A. I'm really looking forward to spending my company should start producing pocket pension. computers. B. The cost of living seems to go up every day. 2. I always put my money in a building society C. O f course, it's always so difficult to and not in a bank. economise. 3. I can't afford to buy a new car right now. I D. Shops all over the country are making huge don't have enough money. reductions on just about everything. 4. I always spend a lot of money when I go on E. Then I get home to find out I've run up a holiday. huge overdraft at the bank. 5. I came into a lot of money recently when F. Of course, the potential global m arket for my uncle died. them is enormous. 6. Look at this cheque that came in the post G. Fortunately I receive unemployment this morning from Revenue and Customs. benefit. 7. I've been spending too much recently. H. There is a very uneven distribution of 8. In my country, there are a lot of very poor wealth. people and only a few rich ones. I. The interest they pay me is much higher. 9. I lost my job last m onth. J. It's the first tim e I've inherited something. 10. I retire next month. K. It seems to be some kind of tax rebate. 11. Prices are rising quickly everywhere. L. Maybe I should consider getting one on 12. The January sales start tom orrow . credit. 3 Now read this passage and complete the gaps with one of the words or phrases from Exercises 1 and 2. You may need to change the form of some of the words. Financial advice from a father to a son. In the play H am let by William Shakespeare, a father gives his son some financial advice. 'Neither a borrower nor a lender be', he says. He is trying to tell his son that he should never 1...... money from anyone because it will make it difficult for him to manage his finances. Likewise he should never give a financial 2...... to a friend because he will probably never see the money again, and will probably lose his friend as well. Больше ресурсов по изучению английского на List-English.ru 90 topic-specific vocabulary o: o what? w You Son: o: a' ht Dad? that. hat's W Son: Father: Father: enough. heard I've Dad, Father: OK, Son: Son: H ow do I do that? do I do Father: ow H Son: Father: Father: hy? W Son: o: u i' o ifcl. hns r s epnie ad h 6...... goes the and expensive, so are Things difficult. so it's But Son: ahr I Father: The play was w ritten over 400 years ago, but today m any parents w o uld give similar advice to their to advice similar give uld o w parents any m today but ago, years 400 over ritten w was play The o: cm n Dad D on. come Father: h O Son: now. university to off I'm Dad, Right, : now have uld o Son: w they conversation the Imagine children. Father: Father: Money &finance Money To thine ow n self be true. be self n ow thine To son. advice, of piece final ne O eas sos hre o a 1...... mon f oe t buy to money of ount am 12...... an you charge shops Because ay e o u oehn,akteso fte'l oe h rc y a, 0prcn. Next, cent. per 10 say,by, price the lower if they'll shop the ask something, buy you hen Easy.W w lse, hs s motn.Te is tig o sol d i o ae ue you sure make isto do should you thing first The important. is this listen, ow N l rgt sn btlt egv o oesudfnnil die eoeyu go. you before advice financial some sound you give me let but son, right, All e o vnulygtajbadaeerigago aay r o 17...... to try salary, good a earning are and job a get eventually you hen w things over a period of time. It's much better to 13...... a little bit of bit 13...... a little to better It'smuch time. of period a over things organisations or 19...... in private companies. private in 19...... or organisations i o h ae,we hp fe ue 4...... adyu a pick can you 14...... and huge offer shops when sales, the for ait w hns 11...... things ...... pa 5...... An r ogta 16...... a get to try 15...... A nd a up will you much, too spend you If spend. you money the ...... - 4 money each week so that w hen you see something you want, you can buy it outright. Try to Try outright. it buy can you want, you something see you hen w that so week each money uh ihr ae f 0...... hn ak. lo aod buying avoid Also, banks. than 10...... of a offer rate 9...... They good higher a in oney much m your put Also, restaurants. you. it for pay to me expect bank. Don't the 5...... at an with up end aac yu 3 your balance up all the time. 7...... is running at about 10 per cent. per 10 about at running is 7...... time. the all up know, but you should try to to try should you but know, h mny n go cmay By 18 Buy company. good a in money the Б о ...... - h mny o rcie rm e n your and - me from receive you money the ...... - л ...... ь ш е р е с 8 у ...... vi epniesos and shops expensive ...... Avoid р с о в п о и з у ...... ч е н и ю а н г л и й с к о г о н а List-English.ru n government in oi-pcfc vocabulary topic-specific On the road 1 Choose the most suitable explanation or interpretation, A or B, for the following sentences. Use the words and phrases in bold to help you. 1. People enjoy the m obility that owning a car gives them. A. People enjoy being able to travel easily from one place to another. B. People enjoy being able to drive very fast. 2. W hat's your destination? A. Where have you come from? B. Where are you going to? 3. Congestion in the city centre has increased dramatically. A. It is now easier to drive around the city centre than it was before. B. It is now more difficult to drive around the city centre than it was before. 4. The local council wants to reduce the risks to pedestrians. A. The local council wants to make it safer for people to walk along the street. B. The local council wants to make it safer for drivers and their passengers. 5. The pollution in my city is terrible. A. The air quality in my city is very poor. B. There is a lot o f crime in m y city. 6. Traffic-calming measures are becoming increasingly common throughout the country. A. People have to drive more slowly because of the increased number of police in villages and towns. B. People have to drive more carefully through towns and villages because of specially-built obstacles in the road. 7. The centre of Camford has been designated a traffic-free zone. A. You cannot take your car into the centre of Camford. B. You can park your car for free in the centre of Camford. 8. Container lorries and other large vehicles dominate our roads. A. There are a lot of large vehicles on the roads. B. There aren't many large vehicles on the roads. 9. Young drivers have a higher accident risk than older drivers. A. Young drivers are more likely than older drivers to be involved in a crash. B. Young drivers are less likely than older drivers to be involved in a crash. 10. Public transport is heavily subsidised in most areas. A. The government has made public transport cheaper to use by giving money to bus and train companies. B. The government has made public transport more expensive to use by increasing the price of road tax. 11. The junction of London Road and Holly Street is an accident black spot. A. A lot of traffic accidents happen here. B. Not many accidents happen here. 12. The city council needs to adopt an effective transport strategy within the next five years. A. The city council needs to find a better way for people to get into, around and out of the city. B. The city council needs to encourage more drivers to bring their cars into the city. Больше ресурсов по изучению английского на List-English.ru 92 topic-specific vocabulary o irgr te 0p lmt o 4...... , seily rud hita, when Christmas, around especially , 4...... or limit, 30mph the disregard to transport has helped to keep down the cost of using buses. Meanwhile, the police and the courts are are courts the and police the Meanwhile, buses. using of cost the down keep to helped has transport city the cyclists, and pedestrians for 10...... accident notorious a and traffic, from year to year: last year, 2,827 people were killed and almost 300,000 hurt in traffic-related accidents. traffic-related in hurt 300,000 almost and killed were people 2,827 lastyear, year: to year forms. from ord w the of some change to need will you and possible, is answer one fast. too driving been has ebody Som J. travelling people for rules the containing publication ent governm the ith w iliar is unfam ebody Som . A about enough know 't n o d 'You driver: student to Examiner 4. oigdw hr ndieswh iueteras hnigdw lre 17...... large down handing roads, misuse the ho 16...... public w drivers on hard And down around. coming a get to bicycles designated on been rely has ho w residents and thoroughfare, students shopping main the Street, Cornmarket instead. in bus and city flow the improved has 11...... ,which new its implemented recently has council lights. red at stop . opeeti atcewihtewrs n prss n xrie 1 n 2 I sm css mr than more cases, some In 2. and 1 Exercises in phrases and words the ith w article this Complete 3. construct to going are e w strategy, transport new our of 27 part been 'As have there journalist: to year this officer far 'So council City presenter: news 9. Television 8. interviewer: radio to officer Police 7. 6. Driver to a friend: 'I can't believe it! He gave me a heavy heavy a me gave He it! believe can't 'I friend: a to Driver 6. a That's 'Stop! driver: student to instructor Driving driver: 3. to Judge 2. and phrases in bold to help you. help to bold in phrases and sentences at Look 2 s olrs n sed up hv soe tafc on 1...... shms have 13...... schemes down. traffic slowed have 12...... measuressuch humps wheels. speed o tw and on or bollards foot as on those of benefit the to traffic of by 9...... caused 8...... and by plagued city a Oxford, to you 7...... order the of rules the that forgotten have 6...... by at street to across the seem ho walking w are asdrivers they n dow knocked victims, the are on selfish, inconsiderate drivers w ho believe it is their right to 18...... the roads. 18...... the to right isit their believe ho w drivers inconsiderate selfish, on helped reduce the number of cars in the city, as office workers and shoppers leave their cars outside the the outside cars their leave shoppers and workers office as city, the in cars of number the reduce helped more alcohol is consumed than at any other time. In many cases, it is cases, it 5 many In time. other any at than is consumed alcohol more offence. driving a of because oney m pay to had has ebody excitement. Som some t n a w G. o h w people young by ainly m stolen, been have cars of lot A C. u hs incn itm, oehrwt te ep fte oie n lcl onis aefgtn bc. In back. fighting are councils, local and police the of help the with together victims, innocent these But Most of these were caused by drivers 3...... in built-up areas, where many seem many where areas, built-up 3...... in drivers by caused were these of Most car. accidents. their driving traffic-related in before killed been alcohol road. of have the across ount alking people am w of illegal lot person a an A hit and consumed has light I. red ebody a Som vehicle. athrough H. bicycles. by use driven hurt to safer almost it has badly bus make and a ebody hit to Som been catching decided has has and F.street city ebody the a in Som outside alking areas w E. person A designated in cars D. their leaving been have people ore M B. ere w you realise you o 'D driver: to Policeman 5...... , lsd o l vhce drn te a. hr ae more are There day. the during vehicles all to closed , 1 4...... ad ...... o Bians od ae increasing are roads Britain's on 2...... and 1...... e 'Th journalist: to officer council City 10...... o mi rue it te iy mkn i sfr o te ue ubr of number huge the for safer it making city, the into routes 1 main 5...... on 1. Ambulance driver to policeman: policeman: to driver Ambulance 1. road the On theory test.' theory vroet hn wc bfr hygt novd n hssui activity.' stupid this in involved get they before twice think to everyone n roads. on lanes cycle into the city centre. city the into last year.' last in and around the city.' the around and in Drn- riving rink-d ‘D 1-10 Б о л ь and decide w hat has, or hasn't, happened (sentences A - J). Use the words the Use J). - A (sentences happened hasn't, or has, hat w decide and ш е р is a serious offence and I therefore ban you from driving for a year.' a for driving from you ban Itherefore and offence serious isa 'The 'The е с у J rdi g in yrid 'Jo pedestrian's injuries injuries pedestrian's р с Pr Ri " e id R d n a "Park о в п о has increased by almost 50 per cent and I am urging urging I am and cent per 50 almost by increased has speeding и з у ч pedestrian crossing1.’ pedestrian е н и scheme has been very successful over the the over successful very been has scheme very severe and he has to g o to hospital.' to o g has to he and severe are very aktee sir?' there, back ю fine а the H ig h w a y Code y a w h ig H the н n sx onso my licence.' y m on points six and г ...... who ...... w fatalities л и й с к о n xodhr' roads.' Oxfordshire's on г о н а List-English.ru yet to pass your your pass to yet oi-pcfc vocabulary topic-specific Science & technology 1. Replace the words and phrases in bold in the sentences with a suitable alternative from the box. advances analysed breakthrough combined cybernetics development discovered experimented genetic engineering innovations invented life expectancy molecular biology nuclear engineering proliferated react research safeguards a technophile a technophobe 1. The company is carrying out scientific study to find a cure for AIDS...... 2. The planning and production of the new com puter system will take some tim e...... 3. Modern home entertainment systems and other modern inventions are changing everyone's lives. 4. Some elements change their chemical composition w hen mixed w ith water...... 5. The scientists have created a new machine to automate the process...... 6. W h o was the person w h o fou n d penicillin? ...... 7. When the food was examined closely and scientifically, it was found to contain harmful bacteria. 8. Rain joined together with C 02 gases produces acid rain...... 9. Ron is terrified of modern technology...... 10. Geoff is very interested in modern technology...... 11. Protection against accidents in this laboratory are minimal...... 12. The companies performed scientific tests with different types of glue before they found one that w orked properly...... 13. Brian is studying the techniques used to change the genetic composition of a cell so as to change certain characteristics which can be inherited...... 14. Sarah is studying the things which form the structure of living matter...... 15. Christine is studying how information is communicated in machines and electronic devices in comparison with how it is communicated in the brain and nervous system ...... 16. Neil is studying the different ways of extracting and controlling energy from atomic particles. 17. There has been a sudden success in the search for a cure for cancer...... 18. The number of years a person is likely to live has increased a great deal thanks to modern medicine and technology...... 19. The number of schools offering computer programming courses has quickly increased in the last ten years...... 20. In spite of all the progress it has made in the last 50 years or so, medical science still knows little about the brain...... 93 Больше ресурсов по изучению английского на List-English.ru 94 topic-specific vocabulary htlos iea ml eeiin ...... oyu a sewhttecmue is computer the hat w see can ...... soyou ) 7 ( television small a like looks that terminology. computer ith w familiar very is not passage in this computer their describing person The 2. or wn ae ad te porm ue b cmues o dig atclr jobs particular doing for computers by used programs other and games n ow your thing that links computers from around the w o rld (1 6 )...... You can check can )...... You 6 (1 rld o w the around from computers links that thing lead a have usually ...... These (11) desk the across ove m can you hich w one particular (this ...... (8) puter com the on create you that things other optrwor (4)...... Yucnas u n(5)...... ) 5 ( in put also can ...... You ) 4 ( rk o w computer K hr' m nw dstp optr hc hs en eind o e sd y ut n person one just by used be to designed been has which computer desktop ) new (1 my here's OK, box. the from phrases and words appropriate more ith w bold in phrases the Replace rm orcmr ad wl, od ftig ral. h bs hn, oee, sta o cn access ) the 7 can (1 you orld isthat w the however, thing, best The really. things of loads well, and, camera your from computer, )...... the 2 to (1 air connected the physically isnot through signals mine see, can electronic asyou sends but instead and computer, the to them connecting and documents the of copies colour make you lets that machine isthe there that, of right the To doing. &technology Science ht ts o a ehia fut ht oen cetd n ups t afc my computer y m affect to purpose on created someone that fault technical a got it's that 2 ...... Nw te ag bx t te lt ad ldn ds carrier disc the makes sliding that and stuff the slots all carries the It part. ith w important box most large the is ...... the (3) Now, ...... (2) ...... ) 6 ( letters and numbers on (1 0 )...... or the object w ith the little wheel on the top the on wheel little the ith w object the or )...... 0 (1 on numbers and letters n cmptr 18) 8 (1 puter com y m on rudwih e( ...... fyu ie I a id t h attme I remember e last tim The it. find Ican If like. )...... you if 4 (2 me ith w around family. and friends )...... your 0 (2 to letters electronic send and videos, and u mlin o seil o ue pgs rae b cmais ognstos n idvdasal over all individuals and organisations companies, by created pages puter com special of millions out name )...... pictures 5 (1 particular a ove m under store documents, you ...... and that ) ation (14 inform create can ...... ,you ) (13 photocopier a like bit a the all computer, ith w your thing flat to on rectangular the pictures using copy computer the to use control You can )...... ). (9 you machine a incorporates seeing it was last night on the bus, w hen I was coming home from my office at the Ministry of Defence. of Ministry the at office my from home coming Iwas hen w bus, the on night last was it carry seeing Ican that puter com small my on go a have can you worried ...... rather However, I'm (23 ) again. ork w to it get Ican't and weekend, ...... at the ) (22 sites. networking social other )...... and 1 (2 time real ts vr ueu mcie o cus. ne o sat sn i b etrn a password a entering by it using start you Once course. of machine, useful very a It's notntl, cnt e yu s i a te met eas i sopd orking w stopped it because ent om m the at it use you let can't I in other Unfortunately, each ith w communicate people here w places online using people contacting for great It'salso ie gmn hrwr Itre kyor lpo load laptop keyboard Internet hardware gaming files iu wbie wireless websites virus aeui ca om cmoet cahd onod email download crashed components rooms chat unit base o n oio mue C rne sanr otae stream software scanner printer PC mouse monitor on log ...... s o cn e, t a fv prs hc mk u te oe thing hole w the up make which parts five has it see, can you ...... As ...... ) pa ( ...... music )...... 9 (1 play ...... ), Б о л ь ш е . ie ht poesn ad fiesie. et o ttee ste thing isthe there it to Next suites. office and processing photo like р е с у р с о в . go shopping, play games (I really enjoy playing games playing enjoy really (I games play shopping, go п о и з у ч е н и ю а н г л и й с к о г о н а List-English.ru oi-pcfc vocabulary topic-specific Science & technology 3 Now look at this essay and fill in the gaps with one of the words or phrases from Exercises 1 and 2. In some cases, more than one answer will be possible. You may need to change some of the word forms. 'Technology has come a long way in the last 50 years, and our lives have become better as a result. Or have they?' The last 50 years have seen more changes than in the previous 200. There have been many remarkable advances in medicine and medical technology that have helped to increase our average 1...... w ay beyond that of our ancestors. Incredible 2...... such as satellite television have changed the w ay w e spend our leisure hours. Perhaps the most im portant 3...... , however, has been the microchip. N obody could have im agined, w hen it was first 4 ...... , that within a matter of years, this tiny piece of silicon and circuitry would be found in almost every household object from the kettle to the video recorder. And nobody could have predicted the sudden proliferation of computers that would completely change our lives, allowing us to access inform ation from the other side of the w orld via the 5...... or send messages around the w orld by 6...... at the touch of a button. M eanw hile, 7 ...... into other aspects of inform ation technology is making it easier and cheaper for us to talk to friends and relations around the world. Good news for 8...... w h o love m odern technology, bad news for the 9...... w h o w ould prefer to hide from these m odern miracles. But everything has a price. The development of 10...... led to mass automation in factories, which in turn led to millions losing their jobs. The genius of Einstein led indirectly to the threat of nuclear war and the dangerous uncertainties of 11...... (we hear of accidents and mishaps at nuclear power stations around the world, where 1 2...... to prevent accidents were inadequate). The relatively new science of 1 3...... has been seen as a major step forward, but putting modified foods on to the market before scientists had properly 14...... them was perhaps one of the most irresponsible decisions of the 1990s. Meanwhile, pharmaceutical companies continue to 15...... on animals, a move that many consider to be cruel and unnecessary. O f course w e all rely on modern science and technology to improve our lives. However, w e need to make sure that we can control it before it controls us. 95 Больше ресурсов по изучению английского на List-English.ru 96 topic-specific vocabulary yo u r answers in the grid (the first letter of each w o rd is already in place). If yo u do this correctly, you you correctly, this do u yo If strip. place). in vertical already isshaded rd the o in w rd each o of w letter first another (the reveal grid ill w the in answers r u yo T b ivle i a atvt t te epe ae pa ni rpta atek people, other ith w activity an in involved be To 4 Moe ie oa ognsto o ep a o oehn, fe a eet soriponpshs event, an often something, for pay help to organisation an to given oney M 2 A a ly pr, mastsnopr sport, plays o h w man A 3 rite W defining. are y the s ord w the make to bold in letters the arrange and definitions, the at Look 1 Sport Smoewho lkst ac a atclrsot em, n at htta owi potesprru . in w to team that wants and , team sports particular a watch efetda utismad to likes events, o election, h sports or w fight watch Someone and game, a play in people 9 someone here w against in roof, w a t popitioons To u o ith against, w usually 8 peting iscom building, someone large A that group or 7 business , team person, A 6 olo n stain, ap ( )o nhpy(0))? ) ) 0 ( happy un or )) ((§ happy situations, ing llow fo T tr on smtig eual sa ai,jbo itrs, ta pu etka interest, or job habit, a as regularly something doing start To 5 2 Im agine tha t you are a professional sports player and keen spectator. H o w w o u ld yo u feel in the the in feel u yo ld u o w w o H spectator. keen and player sports professional a are you t tha agine Im 2 .Pol a o aegosyoepi. R) (R @ overpaid. grossly are you say People 4. .Yuaesn f uig gm. g) (g ) ^ ( game. a during off sent are You 2. Smoewho ace pbi ciiyo vn, seilya prseet pateorsct event, sports a especially event, or activity public a watches o h w Someone 1 .I a 0 mer rc, o ba ourproa best. personal r u yo beat you race, etre m 100 a In 6. 3. 0 ag bidn, sal t a of whr prseet ae lc i a eta ae, raane area, central a in place take events sports here w roof, a ith w usually building, large A 10 .Yu em hsrahdtefnl @ ( ) (0 @ final. the reached has team Your 5. 1 oen ly soto osa atvt sajb ahrta frejy n, nesprsioalof ent, enjoym for than rather job a as activity an does or sport a plays o h w Someone 11 .Yu em a be po td @ ( ) (§ @ oted. prom been has team Your 1. Someone believes you have been taking perform ance-enhancing drugs. ance-enhancing perform taking been have you believes Someone Б о л ь ш е р е с у р с о в п о и з у ч е © © н и ю а н г л и й с к о г о © н а List-English.ru oi-pcfc vocabulary topic-specific Sport 7. You have been disqualified from taking part in a competition. (g) 0 ) 8. You have failed a dope test. @ (g ) 9. Your team has been relegated. ( ^ ) (R ) 10. Your country's national football team qualifies for the World Cup. (g) (§) 11. Your feel that your team has no team spirit. @ (g ) 12. There are a lot of hooligans at a match you attend. (g) (g) 13. In a cycling race, you outdistance the other competitors. (£5) (§) 14. People say you are always committing professional fouls. (g ) 15. When you walk on to the pitch to play a game, the spectators start jeering, booing and shouting abuse. @ @ 16. The spectators cheer when you walk on to the pitch. 17. You outplay your opponent in a game of squash. (g) @ 18. A newspaper article accuses you of match fixing. ( ^ ) (g ) 3 Complete this passage w ith words and phrases from Exercises 1 and 2. In some cases, more than one answer is possible, and you will need to change some of the word forms. For many people, football is more than just a game. W hether they're (1 )...... on the terraces, (2) ...... on their favourite team, or whether they're ( 3 ) ...... players ( 4 ) ...... a major match, football is a way of life. They could not conceive of a world in which the 'beautiful game' does not exist. For them, nothing can match that magical moment when their team ( 5 ) ...... for a major competition like the World Cup, (6 )...... then (7 )...... the opposition in a resounding victory. And, apart from seeing their team lose, nothing can be worse for them than seeing their favourite team ( 8 ) ...... at the end of the season: to see your team moved down from the first division can be a heartbreaking experience. Anyone who has ever been inside a ( 9 ) ...... during a major match can testify to the passion people have for the game. However, there is an ugly side to football. It only takes a few (10) ...... throw ing bottles, invading the pitch and (1 1 )...... at the players to ruin a match. This has been a problem for a long time, but evidence suggests that it is getting worse. There is criticism, too, that many top players are (1 2 )...... People cannot understand how they can justify their huge salaries simply for kicking a ball around a pitch. They get even angrier w hen these extremely wealthy young men are caught using (1 3 )...... or are (1 4 )...... in disgrace during a match for (1 5 )...... against other players. There is also the more recent problem of (1 6 )...... committed by players, coaches, officials and corrupt referees. Acting dishonestly to get the result you want not only goes against the spirit of the game, people say, but also gives the game a bad reputation. 97 Больше ресурсов по изучению английского на List-English.ru 98 topic-specific vocabulary column. Use the words and phrases in bold to help you. help to bold in phrases and words the Use column. country & Town 1 Match the sentences in the left-hand column w ith the most appropriate sentence in the right-hand the in sentence appropriate most the ith w column left-hand the in sentences the Match 1 14. 14. 13. In Singapore, private cars are banned banned are cars private Singapore, In 13. The 9. 12. I love the the love I 12. basic lack often countries poorer in Cities 8. 11. A lot of people appreciate the the appreciate people of lot A 11. . lto epevst ai o its for Paris visit people of lot A 7. 0 Te The 10. 6. Birm ingham has plenty of of plenty has ingham Birm 6. 4. 5. Cities around the w orld have seen a huge huge a seen have orld w the around Cities 5. 3. London suffers a lot from traffic traffic from lot a suffers London 3. 2. A m odern odern m A 2. 1. London is a truly truly a is London 1. periods. from the the from ra pr l w ra sp Urban of living in a large city. large a in living of ey high. very infrastructures. ifcl oda with. w deal to difficult events. population explosion. population crime. erty ve o P congestion. integrated transport system. transport integrated pressures o f m odern city life city odern m f o pressures otof ii g livin f o cost in the the in central business district business central urban lifestyle urban etropolis m is prevalent in most cities. most in prevalent is inner-city omopolitan cosm in some places can be be can places some in Б о л needs a good good a needs ь lead. I areas can can areas ш amenities. е р mity ym n o n a е city. cultural с at at can be be can у breed р peak с о в п о и з N. It's a It's N. J. Everywhere you go there are are there go you Everywhere J. M. Unfortunately, this is som ething that that ething issom this Unfortunately, M. the and buses use people Most L. . heylk ofe htte a do can they that feel to like y e Th K. G. It is especially bad during the the during bad isespecially It G. I. Nowadays there are more more are there Nowadays I. H. Stress-related illnesses are very com m on on m com very are illnesses Stress-related H. F. W ith o u t them , they are unable to to unable are they , them t u o ith W F. E. Prices in London are particularly particularly are London in Prices E. the enjoy I particular, In D. and concerts are these ong am Chief C. . A B. Shops, libraries, hospitals and and hospitals libraries, Shops, B. у ч fie eete ork. w they here w offices at fteworld. w the of parts sites, pedestrian precincts, blocks o f flats f o blocks precincts, pedestrian sites, ot ag aia cte lack. cities capital large most ing know it. everybody t u about o ith w something hn vr before. ever than underground to get to the banks and and banks the to get to underground countryside. and w hen thousands of of thousands hen w enter or leave the city. the leave or enter cities. as properly function in cities like N ew York. ew N like cities in exorbitant. exhibitions. е netimetcmlxsaejs fw few a just are . them of complexes ent entertainm is unique to the city. the to unique is abuse g ru D н и housing estates housing ligpot o p elting m ю а н г л sas bg rbe . problem big a isalso и й с o pol rm all from people for к о o uters m com spreading into the the into spreading г о н t osphere atm а iyd ellers dw city List-English.ru uilding bu rush hour, rush try to to try that that oi-pcfc vocabulary topic-specific Town & country 2 Match the sentences in the left-hand column with an appropriate response in the right-hand column. Use the words and phrases in bold to help you. 1. I enjoy a rural lifestyle. A. Really? So why are we seeing so much construction in the countryside around 2. There isn't much p ollution if you live London? outside a town. B. I'm not so sure. All those pesticides and 3. There is a lot of productive land in this chemical fertilisers that farmers use area. nowadays can't be good for the environment. 4. In recent years, there has been a lot of C. That's probably because we import more m igration from the towns to the cities. food from abroad. 5. The government has promised to leave D. Mostly wheat, oats and barley. the green belt alone. E. Really? How much is that in acres? 6. There has been a huge reduction in the F. I'm not surprised. With such terrible am ount of arable land over the last 20 prospects within towns, depopulation is years. inevitable. G. Well I can't see much evidence of 7. M y uncle's farm covers almost 800 hectares. cultivation. 8. What are the main crops grow n in this H. Do you? I always find there's nothing to area? do in the countryside. 3 Complete this article with words and phrases from Exercises 1 and 2. In some cases, more than one answer is possible. For seven years I lived in Singapore, a 1...... of almost three million people. Like London, Paris and New York, Singapore is a 2...... city, with people from different parts of the w orld living and w orking together. I enjoyed the 3...... lifestyle I led there, and made the most of the superb 4 ...... ranging from the excellent shops to some of the best restaurants in the world. In the evenings and at weekends there were always 5...... ; w ith such diverse attractions as classical western music, an exhibition of Malay art or a Chinese opera in the street, it was difficult to get bored. Perhaps most impressive, however, was the remarkable transport 6...... w ith excellent roads, a swift and efficient bus service and a state-of-the-art underground system which could whisk 7 from the suburbs straight into the heart of the city (this was particularly important, as the governm ent banned private cars from entering the 8...... during the m orning and afternoon 9...... in order to reduce 10...... on the roads and 11...... from the exhausts). Of course, living in a city like this has its disadvantages as well. For a start, the 12 can be very high - renting an apartment, for example, is very expensive. And as the city is expanding, there are a lot of 13...... w here new apartments are continually being built to deal with the 14...... which is a direct result of the government encouraging people to have more children. Fortunately, Singapore doesn't suffer from problems that are common in many cities such as 15...... which is partly the result of the governm ent imposing very severe penalties on anyone bringing narcotics into the country, so it is safe to walk the streets at night. In fact, the 16...... housing estates there are probably the safest and most orderly in the w orld. Singapore wouldn't be ideal for everyone, however, especially if you come from the countryside and are used to a 17...... lifestyle. The traditional villages that were once common have disappeared as the residents there realised there were no 18...... for their future and moved into new government housing in the city.Nowadays, there is very little 19 around the city, which means that Singapore imports almost all of its food. And despite a 'green' approach to city planning, the 20...... which has eaten into the countryside has had a detrimental effect on the 21...... 9 9 Больше ресурсов по изучению английского на List-English.ru 100 topic-specific vocabulary . huad o Brtsh...... ie n h Gl Sae, ee n o te have them of any m here w States, Gulf the in ...... live h ritis B of Thousands in 6. workers of shortage the of ...... because g in g ra u o c n e is ent governm The 4. . vn fo lreErpa iy o h sal ilg i te iaaa ws oehn o a of something was Himalayas the in village small the to city European large a from oving M colonies. 5. of the part ...... to d e g ra u another nco to e move to governments forced been have Nineteenth-century people a 3. million almost began, ar w civil the Since 2. 2 Com plete the sentences w ith a suitable w o rd or phrase from the box. the from phrase or rd o w suitable a ith w sentences the plete Com 2 0 A A 20. 4. W hen passengers passengers hen W 4. . te einn o h wr tosns f o thousands war, the of beginning the t A 1. . he is hn o d e o arv a or oe is hotel your at the a arrive of to 9. isgo you opposite hen e airport w Th an do to you go 8. you thing first hen e w Th do you 7. thing first The 6. . A 2. Travel 9 An n A 19. A 18. e Th 17. 16. 16. 5. W hen passengers passengers hen W 5. n A 3. 15. A Canadian citizen flying from Toronto to Vancouver will have to fill in an an in fill to have will Vancouver to Toronto from flying citizen Canadian a as A 15. described be could Paris to Flying 14. London from flight A a 13. have to necessary isalways It 12. words The 11. 10. Lo ttef lwig etne n dcd i heyaetu rfle I heyaefle epanwhy. w explain false, are y e th If false. or true are y e th if decide and sentences ing llow fo the at Look 1 . A 1. the country. T h e s e ...... persons are now w itho u t food or shelter. or food t u itho w now are ...... e persons s e h T country. the re/ False / True high-pow ered jobs. ered high-pow l aiasTu False / True animals ild w e industries. key next country. next Ecotourism emigration expatriates immigration internally displaced displaced internally immigration expatriates emigration Mass tourism Mass food and drink. True / False / True drink. and food Cultural tourism Cultural before she arrives. True / False / True arrives. she before n acmmoain re/ False / True odation. m accom and esn o rt rfge rptitd UNHCR repatriated refugees grata non persona deported migrants economic shock culture controls border cruise akg t r u to package tourist trap tourist travel agency travel arm chair traveller chair arm all-inclusive peak season peak econom y class y econom is a holiday w here you go som ewhere (usually Africa) to watch and take photographs of of photographs take and watch to Africa) (usually ewhere som go you here w holiday isa rp xuso, our y e rn u jo excursion, trip, stuimwih a ngtv feto h niomet re/ False / True ent. environm the on effect negative a has which istourism a hv ngtv feto h niomet re/ False / True ent. environm the on effect negative a have can is a place that is visited by m any tourists and is therefore crowded and expensive. expensive. and crowded therefore is and tourists any m by visited is that place a is holiday is a holiday in which the price includes flights, transfers, accom m odation, odation, m accom transfers, flights, includes price the which in holiday isa holiday is a holiday in which the price includes flights, transfers to and from the airport airport the from and to transfers flights, includes price the which in holiday a is is the same as a as same isthe is the same as same isthe is the tim e of the year w hen m any people are taking their holiday. True / False / True holiday. their taking are people any m hen w year the of e tim isthe mbark, em package tourist package disembark, Б о is m ore expensive than flying flying than expensive ore m is is someone w h o books holidays and flights on the Internet. True / False / True Internet. the on flights and holidays books o h w issomeone л ь ш they get get they е they get get they р utial ors . tourism sustainable visa е to u r operator. r u to с is an isan у and and e o ii dfeetcuty re/ False / True country. different a visit you hen w off р с on a arpae rsi.Tu False / True ship. or aeroplane an independent traveller. independent о oage voya a arpaeo hp re/ False / True ship. or aeroplane an в п ...... ld vr h bre t the to border the over ...... fled о re/ False / True и l hv h ae aig re/ False / True eaning. m same the have all з у business class. business ч True / False / True е ong- l u a -h g n lo check in. check н и ю а check-in. re/ False / True н lgt re/ False / True flight. re/ False / True г л True / False / True и й с re/ False / True к о г о н mmirto card igration m im а List-English.ru oi-pcfc vocabulary topic-specific Travel 7. T h e ...... is under a lot of pressure ow ing to the huge num ber of displaced persons around the world. 8. He w a s ...... from the country w hen his visa expired. 9. Because he had a criminal record, the government didn't want him to enter the country, declared h im ...... and asked him to leave immediately. 10. After the economy collapsed in the east, thousands o f ...... headed west in the hope of finding a good job. 11. People who are caught trying to enter the country illegally are usually held in a detention centre before b e in g ...... 12 were tightened in order to reduce the number of people illegally entering the country. 3 Now look at this essay and complete the gaps with one of the words or phrases from Exercises 1 and 2. In some cases, more than one answer may be possible. You will need to change the form of some of the words. Travel: the other side of the coin' Most of us have, at some point in our lives, experienced the joys of travel. We go to a 1...... to pick up some brochures, or look on the Internet for a cheap holiday deal. W e book a tw o-w eek 2...... w ith flights and accommodation included (or if w e are 3...... we make our own way to the country and travel around from place to place with a rucksack on our back). We make sure we have all the right currency, our passport and any 4...... that are necessary to get us into the country. W e go to the airport and 5...... W e strap ourselves into our tiny 6...... aircraft seats and a few hours later w e 7...... from the aircraft, strange new sights, smells and sounds greeting us. Nowadays, it seems, the whole world goes on holiday at once: the age of 8...... is in full swing! But for the great majority of people around the world, travel for them is done in the face of great adversity and hardship. They never get to indulge in an 9...... holiday in a luxury hotel with all meals and drinks included. They never get to explore the lush Amazon Rain Forest or the frozen wastes of the Arctic on an 10...... holiday. For them, travel is a m atter of life and death. I refer, of course, to all the 11...... escaping from their ow n countries, or the 12...... , moved from one part of their country to another by an uncaring governm ent, or 13...... forced to find a job and seek a living wherever they can. Can you imagine anything worse than the misery these people must face? Let's not confuse them with those 14...... w ho choose to live in another country and often have nice houses and high salaries. These people are simply desperate to survive. As well as losing their homes because of w ar or famine or other natural disasters, they must come to terms with their new environment: for many, the 15...... can be too great. And while many countries with an open policy on 16...... will welcome them in with open arms, others will simply turn them away. These people become 17...... , unwanted and unwelcome. Even if they manage to get into a country, they will often be 18...... or repatriated. Their future is uncertain. Something to think about, perhaps, the next time you are 19...... to your five-star hotel by a palm -fringed beach or sitting in a coach on an 20...... to a pretty castle in the countryside. 101 Больше ресурсов по изучению английского на List-English.ru 102 topic-specific vocabulary 26. Everyone at w ork ork w at Everyone 26. you that you tells boss Your 25. 24. Your boss tells you that you have have you that you tells boss Your 24. very job your find You 23. you gives pany com Your 22. a receive You 21. 20. You are forced to to forced are You 20. 19. You are under under are You 19. a from support receive You 18. of because rk o w off e tim need You 9. yourself find suddenly You 8. had You 7. an given are You 4. 7 Yu eev a receive You 17. generous a has pany com Your 16. of lot a some have to be You 15. isgoing there that announces boss Your 14. a have You 6. 3. You receive a receive You 3. suddenly are You 2. 13. Your com pany gives you plenty of of plenty you gives pany com Your 13. a you calls ebody Som 12. Use the words and phrases in bold to help you decide. you help to bold in phrases and words the Use Work 11. You receive regular regular receive You has 11. ork w you here w office The 10. rk o w You 5. 1 H ow w ould you generally feel, happy ( ^ ) or unhappy (g ), if you were in the following situations? following the in were you if ), (g unhappy or ) ^ ( happy feel, generally you ould w ow H 1 . h cmpn o wor o i el nwnfr its for n know iswell for rk o w you pany com The 1. adverse w o rk in g conditions. g in rk o w adverse unsociable hours. unsociable steady jo b . . b jo steady cut commission o otion. rom p stress. jo b satisfaction. satisfaction. b jo in your your in nrment increm ignores resign. m ade re d u n d a n t t n a d n u d re ade m perks Б workaholic. dem anding. anding. dem о л sickness b e n e fit fit e n e b sickness salary. g) (g ) ^ ( ь o. g) (g @ you. s ato orjb (^) ( ) (g ) ^ ( job. your of part as for the w ork you have done. done. have you ork w the for @ nmployed. unem ш union. lack initiative lack ® © §) (§ ) g ( R) (R ) c ( §) (§ е incentive scheme. scheme. incentive ikbidn ydo e. syndrom building sick c) ) 0 (c3) р potential. potential. е incentives. с g) (g ) g ( repetitive strain injury. strain repetitive у р ) 0 ) ^ ( @ §) (§ ) ^ ( £) (£ @ с о g) (g ( ) (§ ) 5 ( ® and and ) 0 в g) (g @ п @ otivation. m о @ g) (g jo b security. b jo и @ ) ^ ( з ii g sizin n w o d у @ ч R) (R е g) (g н и q) (q 3) g) (g ) (3 ю ® © g) (g ) ^ ( ( g) (g а 3 н of the workforce. workforce. the of ) ) г л и й §) (§ с к о г о н а List-English.ru ) Q g) (g oi-pcfc vocabulary topic-specific Work 2 Match sentences 1 - 6 in box A with one of the sentences A - F in box B. Write the person's name after each sentence A - F. Use the words and phrases in bold to help you. Box A. 1. Samantha is the assistant manager of a bank and she works from 8.30 to 5.30 every day. 2. Tracy works on the production line of a factory which makes cars. She uses a machine to spray paint on to the finished car parts. 3. Jane works for herself. She is a photographer. She works every day for about eight or nine hours. 4. Jeanette is a cleaner for a company in Birmingham, but she only works there for about three or four hours a day. 5. Claire has a powerful job in the personnel office of a large multinational company. She is responsible for employing new people and getting rid of those that the company doesn't want to employ any more. 6. Marie works in the finance department of an international college in Oxford. Box B. A. She is a semi-skilled blue-collar worker in a manufacturing industry...... B. She is self-employed and works full-tim e. She likes to describe herself as freelance. C. She is responsible for hiring and firing...... D. She ca leu lates the wages, salaries, pension contributions and medical insurance contributions of all the staff...... E. She is a full-time white-collar worker in a service industry...... F. She is an unskilled part-time employee...... 103 Больше ресурсов по изучению английского на List-English.ru 104 topic-specific vocabulary uue a o escr, u t es o il e happy. be will you least at but secure, be not may future fie n te atr for bcm 2...... n wok o yusl. Your yourself. for ork w and 23...... become floor, factory the and office an car, pany com a or lunch free a as such 18...... Likewise, factor. ae o fl il n a o ay 2...... cee o ht o hv some have you that so scheme 22...... pany com a and ill fall you case W ith all these negative factors, it w ould be difficult to believe that there are any elements that make make that elements any are there that believe to difficult be ould w it factors, negative these all ith W o wor 14 rk o w you Unfortunately, it is not always easy to find all of these. There is, however, an alternative. Forget the Forget alternative. an however, is, There these. of all find to easy always not is it hile. Unfortunately, orthw w job a make to combine all retire you hen w oney in m 21...... inflation, of rate the above 2 0...... jb rh ie ny s o cus, h pie oiao, n eeyoy at a good a wants everybody and motivator, prime the course, of is, oney M hile. orthw w job a 12 of lot a under put are you which in job a of said be can same The workers. their las nte aes oaas- 15...... - nowadays papers the in always hscl o i wih o d h aetig vr a n ed pwih h idsra dsaeta is that disease industrial the ith w up end and day every thing same the do you which in job physical n or, o wih ss 13 isso which job a worry, and ud ie 9...... i wih e r h i gaate wok Nowadays, Everybody ork. w happy. feel never guaranteed is will she you or time, he any at job which in your lose 9...... a ight m like you that ould w ledge know the ith w fte ...... o 6...... wokr n bn, shop bank, a in orker w 6...... a or 5...... , the of 9...... shm t mk yu r hr sc a a regular a as such hard ork w you make to scheme 9...... 1 id o ht s r rh ie ad ydig o hp o civ hpies nterwork. w their in 3...... a happiness achieve to hope so, doing by and hile, orthw w ore m is that job a that find ents elem the are t a h w opinion, r u o y In ployed. em are y e th hich w nder u conditions the d n a 6 1 8...... , lack you if : 7...... other the of one or ...... , f en gvn bte psto i a opn, s motivating a is company, a in position better a given being of 1 7...... , aeaj t l ' ? ile h w rth o w b a jo make oee, opne hv a ih unvr f tf, 0...... nw saf and staff 10...... new staff, of turnover high a have companies however, First of all, it doesn't m atter if you are an 2...... w orker cleaning the floor, the cleaning orker 2...... w an are you if atter m doesn't it all, of First words. the of some of form the change to need will You Work neial. y viig uh atr, oeta 1 potential factors, such avoiding By undesirable. 1 tes n wel bss Sc cmais r nt oua with w popular not are companies Such basis. weekly a on others 11 n nwrn ti qeto, wol lk t lo frt t h eeet ta cmbn t mk a job a make to bine com that elements the at first look to like ould w I question, this answering In 3 N ow read this essay and complete the gaps w ith one of the words or phrases from Exercises 1 and 2. 1 and Exercises from phrases or words the of one ith w gaps the complete and essay this read ow N 3 'Som e people live to w ork, and others w o rk to live. In m ost cases, this depends on the jo b th e y have y e th b jo the on depends this cases, ost m In live. to rk o w others and ork, w to live people e 'Som ...... u o cus ta i nt l. h cac of chance The all. not is that course of But ...... Б о л ь ...... ш 4 е ...... w orker on a production line in one in line production a on orker ...... w р е с у р с n s nvr e t se or a l o fins o a or friends, or ily fam your see to get never so and о в п о ...... и з у ч е н that it takes over your life, a job where job a life, your over takes it that и ю а н г ...... л и й с к о г о r moe iey to likely ore m are н а List-English.ru answers Answers Page 1 Addition, equation & conclusion 1 Addition Equation Conclusion and equally in conclusion along with correspondingly in brief also in the same way therefore as well as likewise thus besides similarly to conclude furthermore to summarise in addition to sum up briefly m oreover we can conclude that too what's more 2 1. Furthermore / In addition / In Moreover / What's more (this is less formal than the other expressions), 2. As well as / Besides (not In addition, as this would need to before the verb), 3. Likewise / Similarly / In the same way (the main verb in both sentences is the same {respect), so w e can use a word / phrase of equation here), 4. As well as / Along with, 5. Also / Furthermore / In addition / Moreover / What's more, 6. Likewise / similarly, 7. Likewise / In the same way / Similarly, 8. In brief, 9. In brief / W e can conclude that, 10. Therefore (to sum up, to conclude and to summarise are usually used to conclude a longer piece of writing. Thus is slightly more formal than therefore, but has the same m eaning) Page 2 Around the world 1 ~ 1. the Far East, 2. Antarctic (Antarctica is the name of the continent, and is not preceded by the), 3. Australasia, 4. the Indian subcontinent, 5. Central America, 6. Latin America, 7. southern Africa (South Africa is the name of a country), 8. the United Kingdom, 9. Europe, 10. the Gulf States, 11. Scandinavia, 12. capital (Traditionally, a capital city is the city in a country where the government is based. Cities which are larger than the capital cities of a country, for example, Istanbul, are often known as principal cities) 2 1. Afghan, 2. Argentine, 3. Australian, 4. Bangladeshi, 5. Belgian, 6. Brazilian, 7. Canadian, 8. Danish, 9. Egyptian, 10. English / British, 11. Finnish, 12. Greek, 13. Indian, 14. Iranian, 15. Iraqi, 16. Irish, 17. Israeli, 18. Japanese, 19. Kuwaiti, 20. Lebanese, 21. M alay / Malaysian, 22. Mexican, 23. Moroccan, 24. Dutch, 25. Norwegian, 26. Pakistani, 27. Peruvian, 28. Filipino, 29. Polish, 30. Portuguese, 31. Russian, 32. Saudi Arabian, 33. Scottish / British, 34. Spanish, 35. Swedish, 36. Swiss, 37. Thai, 38. Turkish, 39. Welsh / British, 40. Yemeni Pages 3 - 4 Changes 1 The words and phrases in this module are particularly useful for Part 1 of the IELTS Writing Test, where you may be asked to write about changes shown in tables or graphs. 1 1. increased / rose / went up (in any order), 2. fell / dropped / went down / declined (in any order), 3. remained steady / remained constant (in either order), 4. fluctuated / peaked at / reached a peak of (in either order) 2 1. gradually / steadily (in either order), 2. slightly, 3. dramatically / sharply (in either order), 4. upw ard trend 3 The number of visitors to Seahaven (1) increased / rose / w ent up (2) gradually / steadily between April and June, then (3) increased / rose / went up (4) dramatically / sharply in July, and continued to (5) go up / increase / rise in August. For the first four months, visitor numbers to Bridgeport (6) fluctuated, but then (7) dropped / fell / declined / decreased / went down (8) dramatically / sharply 105 Больше ресурсов по изучению английского на List-English.ru 106 answers come along w ith + follow , kind + sympathetic, lend + borrow, overcome + overtake, pass + take (an (an take + pass overtake, + overcome borrow, + lend sympathetic, + kind , follow + ith w along come as an example or explanation of something else. /else. something of explanation or example an as xm, eep rcp, cnr iw snil sniie seil seily tk bring + take especially, + special + sensitive, discover + direct, sensible + view, + conduct scenery fetch, + recipe, + bring receipt about, exam), orried w + of afraid yet, + already now, + actually 2 (suggested answers), answers), (suggested 2 parts fit together, and / or which are easy to understand. / understand. to easy are which / or and together, fit parts Pages : ord w one as ritten w (often cent per 7. countryside, invent, driver + chauffeur, form idable + w onderful, fun + funny, go + play (for sports and games), games), and sports (for play + go funny, + fun cure t/ onderful, a w + tre 20. idable form 17. chauffeur, + driver raise, / rise tolerant/tolerable, 16. invent, 19. include: process, friends /false or procession /respectable, words 15. respectful erican 18. confusing Am in , Other that /problem (note remind, r/ trouble be /practice 14. m e practise m 11. re /principle, /chance, principal possibility 10. /personnel, personal 9. 1 return it before you go home, you can borrow m y dictionary. y m borrow you can you herever home, w 8. go you before it you, return books any m ever how 7. you, much w o h atter m no 6. continue, e w appreciative, 6. prevent / avoid, 7. beside / Besides, 8. Shortly / briefly, 9. canal /channel, canal 9. Pages /briefly, Shortly 8. Besides, / beside 7. /avoid, prevent 6. appreciative, English, English, clause. conditional home the go to you sentence before it the of return emphasis you that providing dictionary y m borrow can ae Cnuigwrs as red 1 friends false & words Confusing 9 - 8 Pages as 9. transform ed/transform ed, 10. declined /declining declined 10. ed, ed/transform transform 9. renovate / renovate 10. say also can e (w /exchange, exchanged /deteriorated 9. deteriorate 7. /swells, swell 8. /reduce, reduce 6. Page 7 Condition 7 Page 2 Note: All of these sentences can also begin w ith the conditional w ord or phrase. For example: example: For phrase. or ord w conditional the ith w begin also can sentences these of All Note: it om can e W * 1. job / w ork, 2. lie / lay, 3. watch / look at, 4. lose / loose, 5. make / cause, 6. nature / nature 6. /cause, make 5. , g loose, / rin lose u 4. d / ile h w at, r/ look / fo 16. watch 3. age, /lay, lie dam 2. / harm / injured / ry ju ork, in / w 15. /continuous, ounded job 1. w 18. continual 12. criticism, / Moreover, / objection 14. /considerable, owever H considerate 11. inspect, / control 17. /Conscientious, conscious 13. 10. 5. relax / relax, 6. im prove / im proving, 7. expand / expanded, 8. cut / cutting, cut 8. /expanded, expand 7. proving, /im prove im 6. /relax, relax 5. 1 1. abroad / aboard, 2. action / activity, 3. advise / advice, 4. effect / affect, 5. appreciable / appreciable 5. /affect, effect 4. /advice, advise 3. /activity, action 2. /aboard, abroad 1. use you example, (10) then June, to April Pages 5 - 6 Changes 2 Changes 6 - 5 Pages (13) an was there Overall, f o peak a reached Answers . rvdn ht yu eun 2 poie ta* hv, . nesyu e ( get you unless 3. have, I that* provided 2. return, you that* providing 1. (Rem em ber to vary your vocabulary in W riting tasks. Try not to use the same w ord too often. If, for for If, often. too ord w same the use to not Try tasks. riting W in vocabulary your vary to ber em (Rem (14) a but . elcd/rpae 2 aat/aatd 3 dsper/dsperd 4 po td/po oted, /prom oted prom 4. /disappeared, disappear 3. /adapted, adapt 2. /replace, replaced 1. 1 in the final m onth. W estham pton visitor numbers (9) (9) numbers visitor pton estham W onth. m final the in 1. altered /alter, 2. switching / switched, 3. adjust / adjust, 4. faded / faded, 5. varies /vary, varies 5. /faded, faded 4. /adjust, adjust 3. /switched, switching 2. /alter, altered 1. if you don't), you if 12-13 10-11 practice dow nw ard trend ard nw dow Confusing words words Confusing otx enn 1 meaning & Context 4. on condition that* they tidy (on (on tidy they that* condition on 4. that is both a noun and a verb), 12. Priceless / worthless, 13. principle / Principal / Principal / principle 13. /worthless, Priceless 12. verb), a and noun a both is increase 11,000 in August. in 11,000 after after nocturnal increased Б providing, provided providing, in one part, use use part, one in о upward trend upward i h nmbro pol iiig Bridgeport. visiting people of ber num the in л ь ш & : active at night rather than during the day. / day. the during than rather night at active : / false friends 2 friends false е rose р е с / у in the num ber of visitors to Seahaven and W estham pton, pton, estham W and Seahaven to visitors of ber num the in went up went р rise с о and and в in another, and and another, in coherently, п (11) (11) о on condition. on и odto that condition remained constant remained percent) slightly з feat у ч spoken or written so that all the different different the all that so written or spoken е something impressive that someone does. someone that impressive something н W hen w e do this, w e are shifting the the shifting are e w this, do e w hen W in July and finally (12) (12) finally and July in и / percentage, 8. perm it /permission, it perm 8. /percentage, ю o up go W e can also use use also can e W worsen or get worse), get or worsen а i ut oma) 5 a ln as long as 5. al), form isquite н n another.) in г л и / й remained steady remained cites с = = unless к Providing that you that Providing о : mentions something something mentions : г о the means the same same the means н before before peaked at/ peaked а List-English.ru fo from condition. You answers Answers 3 (a) burden, (b) prolific, (c) initiative, (d) resilient, (e) sways, (f) elusive, (g) implement, (h) arduous, (i) fringe, (j) prohibitive, (k) exhaustive, (I) forage, (m) stacks, (n) imperative, (o) mediocre Remember that some words can have a different meaning depending on their context. For example, prohibitive can also mean limiting something, or preventing something from being done (e.g., prohibitive anti-piracy laws). In addition to looking at the context in which a word appears in order to work out its meaning, you should also identify its function (is it a noun, verb, adjective, adverb, etc?). Some of the words in Exercise 2 can have a different function without changing their form, depending on how they are used (e.g., burden can be a verb as well as a noun). Pages 14-15 Context & meaning 2 1 1. Incorrect (stop someone or something from making progress or developing), 2. Correct, 3. Incorrect (speak publicly to a group of people), 4. Incorrect (badly built or made, and so likely to break easily), 5. Correct, 6. Incorrect (become a full member of a group or society), 7. Incorrect (the start of something), 8. Incorrect (inventing or using new ideas), 9. Incorrect (gradually becomes narrower towards one end), 10. Correct, 11. Incorrect (nice to look at), 12. Correct 2 1. Incorrect (rough and hard), 2. Incorrect (spread ideas, beliefs, etc., to a lot of people), 3. Correct, 4. Incorrect (able to be done, or worth doing), 5. Incorrect (believe or say that something was written, said, painted, etc, by a particular person), 6. Incorrect (an official document that, am ong other things, prevents someone from copying someone else's invention), 7. Correct, 8. Incorrect (to be reasonable or necessary), 9. Correct, 10. Incorrect (connected with something, but not a necessary or important part of it), 11. Incorrect (to make or persuade somebody to do something), 12. Incorrect (had changes made in order to improve it) Pages 16 - 17 Context & meaning 3 1 ' 1. infancy: the time when you are a baby or very young child. 2. personnel: the people who work for a company or organisation. 3. prolong: to make something last longer. 4. windswept: having a lot of wind, and not many buildings or trees to protect it. 5. threefold: three times as much, or three times as many (also written three-fold. Other numbers can be used: twofold, tenfold, etc.). 6. scholars: people who study a particular subject and know a lot about it, especially if the subject is not scientific. 7. recipient: (formal) someone who receives something. 8. centrepiece: the most important object or decoration in a particular place. 9. multitude: a very large number of things or people. 10. numeracy: basic skills in mathematics. 11. lifespan: the length of tim e that an animal or human lives. 12. monetary: consisting of money, or able to be measured in money. 13. grandeur: an impressive quality that a place, object or occasion has. 14. standpoint: a way of considering something from someone's point of view. 2 1. epicentre: the area of land directly over the centre of an earthquake. 2. outpatients: people who receive medical treatment at a hospital, but do not stay there for the night. 3. validate: to officially prove that something is true or correct. 4. widespread: happening or existing in many places, or affecting many people. 5. seafarers: people who work or travel regularly on the sea, especially sailors. 6. spatial: relating to the size, shape and position of things (the 'root' word is space). 7. monorail: a railway system in which trains travel on a single metal track. 8. auditory: relating to hearing. 9. industrious: always working very hard. 107 Больше ресурсов по изучению английского на List-English.ru 108 answers surrounded the building) the surrounded aetme ( e tim same i Animals: flock, herd, litter, pack, shoal (of fish. W e can also say say also can e W fish. (of shoal pack, litter, herd, flock, Animals: he r nte odvria bx is box vertical bold the in ord w e Th Objects: batch**, bunch, bundle, pile (w e can also say say also can team e staff, (w pile platoon, bundle, crew, bunch, company, cast, batch**, Objects: together: orking w people of group A specify verb), a (as list generalise, to hole, w the on terms, general in generalities, part, most the for 2 Specific things: the specifics, characteristics, details, exemplifies, illustrate, illustration, itemise, itemise, illustration, illustrate, exemplifies, details, characteristics, specifics, the things: Specific 2 ** . oal, . oty 1. uey 1. chiefly 11. purely, 10. mostly, 9. notably, 8. sam a as b ue ifr lyfra ag ru o epe ( people of group large a for ally inform used be also can swarm * throng huddle, group, gang, crowd, general: in People Groups 23 Page general in gist, outline, generalisations, things: technicality General peculiarity, to, peculiar inutiae, m . , . , . , 0 C 1. , 2 C 1. , 4 B 1. (hs s n noml expression) informal an is (this B 15. B, 14. C, 13. C, 12. A, 11. C, 10. B, 9. A, 8. C, 7. Page 20 Focusing attention impression Focusing 8. 20 Page mistaken, 7. assumed, 6. 3 Pages 21 - 22 Generalisations & specifics & Generalisations 22 - 21 Pages specifically purely, exclusively, simply, solely: or nly O 1 include: useful find ight m you phrases and words Other 2 In most cases, normally, or the main reason for som ething: chiefly, largely, mainly, mostly, notably, notably, mostly, mainly, largely, chiefly, ething: som for reason primarily. main the or particularly, normally, cases, most In Page 19 Emphasis 8tmisunderstanding Emphasis 19 Page comparison & Contrast 18 Page 1 emphasis 6. importance, crucial /of portant im /extremely portant im crucially 5. 1 Answers . ipy 2 lrey 3 piaiy 4 mil, . xlsvl, . atclry 7 specifically, 7. particularly, 6. exclusively, 5. mainly, 4. primarily, 3. largely, 2. simply, 1. . , . 3 B 4 H 5 L 6 E 7 O 8 F 9 I 1. , 1 N 1. 1. , 4 C 1. K 15. C, 14. G, 13. , M 12. N, 11. J, 10. I, 9. F, 8. O, 7. E, 6. L, 5. H, 4. B, 3. , A 2. D, 1. 1. A, 2. B, 3. B, 4. C ( C 4. B, 3. B, 2. no are A, 1. there here w and crops, w ro g or live not do people here w land of area an wilderness: 13. . ofsd 2 cnuin 3 mi-p ti i n noml d) 4 osue 5 misapprehension, 5. obscure, 4. ), rd o w informal isan (this ix-up m 3. stress, great confusion, put 2. 4. /stress, confused, /emphasis 1. accent 3. inent, prom 2. D 6. /emphasised, , A 5. accentuated 1. C, 4. E, 3. B, 2. F,1. 4 iltrt: nbet ra o rite. w or read to their unable emphasises illiterate: and 14. attention be. attracts could that it ay w a than in useful less it ething makes som or that someone ething som shows of existence. showcases: or feature 12. life a long a drawback: 11. having longevity: 10. batch od qualities. good buildings. can also be used to talk about a num ber of people that arrive or are dealt w ith at the the at ith w dealt are or arrive that people of ber num a about talk to used be also can This new batch o f students seems very nice) very seems students f o batch new This differentiate Б о л ь ш е principally. р and and е с у distinguish р с о в п о aeeatytesm menn) 5 C 6 A, 6. C, 5. eaning), m same the exactly have и heap), з у ч е н e, stack set, и school), ю Swarms o f police officers f police o Swarms а н г л swarm* и й с к о г о н а List-English.ru Answers 2 l.h e rd , 2. cast, 3. swarms, 4. piles/stacks/heaps, 5. shoals / schools, 6. crew, 7. set, 8. staff, 9. bunch, 10. crowd / throng (or, more informally, swarm), 11. packs, 12. group / huddle, 13. flocks, 14. batch, 15. bundle, 16. ga n gs/cro w d s/g ro u ps Page 24 How something works ■=> The words and phrases in this module are particularly useful for the IELTS Listening Test (where you may hear someone describing how something works) or Part 1 of the IELTS Writing Test (where you may be shown a picture or diagram of something, and have to explain how it works). 1. A thermostat A thermostat fQQtOjQS a strip or coil of steel and a strip or coil of copper, one on top of the other. As the strip / coil heats up, the metals expand, but one does it faster than the other. The strip / coil bends and connects w ith a switch, which turns off the power supply. When the strip / coil cools down, the metals contract and the switch is disconnected. The thermostat is adjusted using a dial or other control. 2. A disc player A disc player (for example, in a com puter) has several com ponent parts. A disc is inserted into the player and begins to spin. At the same time, a thin beam of light called a laser strikes the disc and converts digital signals into sounds or images, which can be heard through speakers or viewed on a screen. Volume or brightness can be increased or decreased by means of a button, knob or other control. Nowadays, discs are largely being replaced by storage devices like m em ory sticks, which have no moving parts. 3. An aerosol In an aerosol, liquid and gas are compressed in a metal and / or hard plastic tube. This can be released from the tube by pushing a button, which opens a valve. When the liquid-gas combination leaves the tube and mixes with oxygen, it rapidly expands. 4. An aircraft Most aircraft are made of aluminium, and require two forces to allow them to fly: thrust and lift. As the aircraft moves forward on the ground under the power of its engines, air flows over the wings. As it accelerates / moves faster, creating / producing more thrust, a vacuum is created / formed over the wings. This creates / produces lift. The aircraft is pulled into the air by the force of this lift. 5. A digital camera A digital camera consists of two main parts: a body and a lens. When a button is pressed on the body, a w in d o w in the lens called a shutter opens and light enters the camera. The amount of light going into the camera is controlled by both the speed of this shutter, and a smaller window called an aperture. Both the shutter speed and the size of the aperture can be adjusted by the person using the camera. The light hits a sensor in the body of the camera, which records the light as a digital image. The image is recorded / stored on a memory card in the camera, and this can later be downloaded onto a computer. Other words and phrases you might find useful include: fold, reflect, reverse, revolve, start, stop, turn, turn down, turn up, unfold, unwind, upload, wind Note: When we describe how an object works and there is no other person or agent involved in our description, we use the active voice ('...light enters the camera...', '...the metals expand...'). W hen there is a person involved in the process, w e usually use the passive voice (is / are + a past participle: 'The thermostat is adjusted...', '...liquid and gas are compressed...'). W e use the passive voice w hen we do not know who does the action or process, or because we do not need to say who does it. Page 25 Joining / becoming part of something bigger _ . 1. linked, 2. amalgamated / merged, 3. blended, 4. merged / amalgamated, 5. incorporated, 6. integrated / assimilated, 7. assimilated / integrated, 8. took over / swallowed up (swallowed up is less formal than took over. W e can also say acquired), 9. got together (an informal phrase. We can also say met or assembled, which are slightly less informal), 10. took over / swallowed up Больше ресурсов по изучению английского на List-English.ru 110 answers To the language school language the To aia lte i hswod btwol ne owhn sd n t wn, 5 interrelationship, 15. n), ow its on used hen w to , need ord w ould w one as but ritten w ord, be w also this in can (this letter capital post-war 8. co-educational), circumvented, 7. bilingual, 6. 2 To the supermarket the To microorganisms, shop book the To biennial 9. prem ature, 10. overw eight, 11. subconscious, 12. coeducational (w e can also w rite this this rite w also can e (w coeducational 12. subconscious, 11. eight, overw 10. ature, prem 9. o aegigt (h hotel) (the A to going are You 3 is it that say also can e w else, something _ 7. postgraduate, 8. co-workers, 9. micro-organisms (this can also be w ritten as one w ord, ord, w one as ritten w be also can (this micro-organisms 9. co-workers, ord, 8. w one as ritten w be postgraduate, also 7. can (this semi-final 6. right your on 23. last, 22. past, Go 21. right, your 20. on nh eg, a (e.g., onths m (e.g., 2 say also plans. or maps on things other or places locate to asked be ay m repel fascinate, disgust, captivate, attract, . oaog 8 tr rgt 9 cosod, 0 Tk h is, 1 o or et 1. first, 12. left, your on 11. first, the Take 10. crossroads, 9. right, turn 8. along, Go 7. Rte ofsnl, oehn ht is that something confusingly, Rather * words Modified 31 - 30 Pages 2 a lc eeoe od rse rjisaohr.Te meia wod is ord w erican Am The another). joins or crosses road one here w place (a ( Positive 8. 1 . irwvs 2 tlcmuiain, . nltrl 4 sm-eahd 5 autopilot, 5. onotone m 16. semi-detached, 4. unilateral, 3. telecommunications, 2. microwaves, 1. between, 12. diagonally opposite, 13. surrounded by, 14. on, 15. on the corner of corner the on 15. on, 14. A Note: by, surrounded 13. opposite, diagonally 12. between, say just can e (w of side left-hand 1 Location 29 - 27 Pages erger m 10. coalition, 9. blend, 8. 2 crunvgt, 3 Itrainl 1. nlnul 1. neahee, 6 overpopulated 16. underachiever, 15. onolingual, m 14. International, 13. circumnavigate, 12. is that ething (som biannual 2. teleconferences, 1. Answers 1. Go to the end, 2. turn right, 3. take the first, 4. on your left, 5. second / last, 6. on your left left your on 6. /last, second 5. left, your on 4. first, the take 3. right, turn 2. end, the to Go 1. ■=> (/ passive only m com more are but dislikes & Likes 26 Page 4 G ln, 5 tr lf, 6 cosod, 7 te n, 8 tr lf, 9 aete second, the take 19. left, turn 18. end, the 17. crossroads, 16. left, turn 15. along, Go 14. right your on 13. 1. directly opposite, 2. to the west of, 3. on the south side of, 4. to the east of, 5. on the the on 5. of, east the to 4. of, side south the on 3. of, west the to 2. opposite, directly 1. 0 oiie 1. oiie 1. oiie 1. eaie 1. oiie 1. oiie 1. Negative, 16. Positive, 15. Negative, 7. Positive, 14. Negative, 6. Negative, 13. Negative, 5. Positive, Positive 12. 18. Positive, 4. Positive, 17. Positive, 11. Negative, 10. Positive, 3. Positive, 2. Positive, 1. . line 2 uin 3 fdrto, . lo, . o on, . ytei, . unification, 7. synthesis, 6. pound, com 5. alloy, 4. federation, 3. union, 2. alliance, 1. Language o f location and direction is particularly useful for the IELTS Listening Test, where you where Test, Listening IELTS the for useful isparticularly direction and location f o Language A biweekly newsletter). biweekly A ocr ne vr wo er*, . uoigah, . rnfre, . rdtr ined, predeterm 5. transformed, 4. autobiography, 3. years*), o tw every once occurs crossroads halfway up), halfway fancies bim onthly meeting). onthly bim 13. underestimated, 14. transatlantic (note that that (note transatlantic 14. underestimated, 13. or tw o words, words, o tw or is a place w here one road crosses another. A crossroads is a type of of type isa crossroads A another. crosses road one here w place isa in this context is an informal w ay of saying saying of ay w informal isan context this in 8. parallel to, 9. at right angles to (w hen som ething is at a 90° angle to to angle 90° a isat ething som hen (w to angles right at 9. to, parallel 8. &. direction Б о л o tigta is that ething Som ь micro organisms), micro ш on the left side of), side left the on е am fascinated by new technology) new by fascinated am р е с biweekly у perpendicular to perpendicular and and р с о в tempt i onthly bim occurs twice a week week a twice occurs 0 uie, 1 substandard, 11. unisex, 10. п о semifinal, biannual 6. in the middle of, 7. halfway along (w e can can e (w along halfway 7. of, middle the in 6. и cn eatv ( active be can з у ч it), 10. on the north side of, 11. halfway halfway 11. of, side north the on 10. it), occurs twice a m onth onth m a twice occurs е occurs twice a year, som ething that is that ething som year, a twice occurs н or tw o words, words, o tw or и would like to), like would ю а Atlantic н N ew technology fascinates me). fascinates technology ew N г or л once every tw o weeks weeks o tw every once и intersection). й de nt ei wih a ith w begin not does с semi final), semi к . Positive, 9. о г о or postwar), н oc eeyt o tw every once а junction List-English.ru answers Answers Pages 32 - 33 Objects & actions 1 1. freeze, 2. spin, 3. slide, 4. evaporate, 5. congeal (for blood, we would say clot), 6. rotate, 7. w obble, 8. leak (w e could also say escape. The noise it makes is a hiss), 9. vibrate (if the glass is loose in the frame, it would also rattle), 10. fade, 11. rise, 12. erode, 13. smoulder, 14. expand, 15. stretch, 16. crack (if the glass breaks completely, it shatters), 17. spill, 18. explode 2 1. revolve, 2. subside, 3. flow, 4. melt, 5. bounce, 6. grow , 7. set, 8. condense, 9. meander, 10. spread, 11. trickle (if the water is coming out very slowly in small drops, we say drip), 12. burn, 13. crumble, 14. contract, 15. ring (w e also use this w ord for the noise a telephone makes when someone is calling you), 16. sink, 17. float, 18. erupt 3 1. froze, 2. float, 3. rising, 4. fades, 5. condense, 6. subsided, 7. revolved, 8. set, 9. trickle, 10. stretched, 11. bounce (w e can also bounce ideas around. These are informal expressions), 12. leaked Page 34 Obligation 8c option _ . 1. False (you must take your ow n pencil and eraser), 2. True, 3. False (he had to pay the money back), 4. False (they don't have to pay any income tax at all), 5. True, 6. False (the companies make them work long hours: the employees have no choice), 7. True, 8. False (you can attend the classes if you w an t to), 9. False (you must wear a crash helmet. We can also use the word obligatory), 10. True 2 1. obliged / required, 2. no alternative, 3. liable for, 4. compulsory, 5. voluntary, 6. mandatory, 7. required, 8. force, 9. optional, 10. exempt Pages 35 - 36 Opinion, attitude & belief 1 * 1. tolerance, 2. obsessed, 3. reckon (this is quite an informal word), 4. suspect, 5. bigoted, 6. doubt, 7. fanatical, 8. dedicated, 9. opinion, 10. pragmatic, 11. com mitted, 12. regarding, 13. disapproval, 14. maintain, 15. concerned, 16. cynical, 17. exception, 18. convinced, 19. traditional, 20. conservative 2 1. suspicious, 2. pragmatic, 3. fanatical, 4. disapprove, 5. opinion, 6. dedication / commitment, 7. tolerate, 8. conservative / traditional, 9. doubt, 10. maintain / reckon / suspect / doubt Page 37 Opposites: adjectives 1. clear, 2. easy, 3. graceful, 4. detrimental, 5. approximate, 6. innocent, 7. even, 8. scarce, 9. flexible, 10. marked, 11. crude, 12. delicate, 13. dim, 14. obligatory (w e can also say compulsory), 15. reluctant, 16. widespread, 17. costly, 18. chronic Page 38 Opposites: verbs 1. accepted, 2. denied, 3. retreating, 4. agreed, 5. defended, 6. demolished, 7. simplified, 8. abandon, 9. deteriorated, 10. Rewarding, 11. lowered, 12. forbidden, 13. fell, 14. loosen, 15. withdrew , 16. retained, 17. accelerates, 18. ignored Page 39 Ownership, giving, lending & borrowing 1 1. landlords (landlady = female. W e can also say landowner), 2. Proprietors / Owners, 3. owners, 4. property, 5. estate / property, 6. possessions, 7. belongings {possessions usually refers to everything we own, for example, our homes, furniture, etc. Belongings usually refers to smaller things, for example, briefcase, mobile phone, etc.), 8. loan, 9. mortgage, 10. tenants, 11. rent, 12. donation Mortgage, rent and loan can also be verbs. 111 Больше ресурсов по изучению английского на List-English.ru 112 answers the consequences of / effects of its action, 14. He failed to send off his application form and as a as and form application his off send to failed He 14. action, its of / effects of consequences the you think about it). about think you h rw t h am fsatn a it 5 H pn h oeweed eiig n re o pass to order in revising weekend hole w the spent He 5. riot, a starting of aim the ith w crowd the was forced to close due to / on account of / o w in g to poor student attendance, 10. W h a t w ere your your ere w t a h W 10. attendance, student poor to g in w /o of account /on to due close to forced was W hen you are asked to present an argum ent, you should always look at it from tw o sides, giving giving conclusion. sides, the o tw before just from it at look something of always favour should in you ent ent, argum argum your an present to asked are you hen W on the grounds that people rarely repay a loan, 8. Th e bank m anager refused to lend the com pany pany com the lend to refused anager m bank e Th 8. loan, a repay rarely people that grounds the on overw ork can affect different people in different ways, 13. The arm y attacked w ith o u t considering considering t u o ith w attacked y arm The 13. ways, different in people different affect can ork overw also in the Speaking Test (especially Part 3, where you are asked to talk about a topic and say what say and topic a about talk to asked are you where 3, Part (especially Test Speaking the in also 3. A persistent cough prom pted him to seek professional medical help, 4. She started haranguing haranguing started She 4. help, medical professional as seek to eaning him m same pted the prom have phrases cough (these persistent to A g in 3. /ow of account on more m oney on account of / due to / o w ing to its low turnover and poor sales history, 9. Th e school school e Th 9. history, sales poor and turnover low its to ing w /o to /due of account on oney m more Page Page his exams, 6. They came in quietly so as not to w ake anyone, 7. He refused to lend anyone m oney oney m anyone lend to refused He 7. anyone, ake w to not as so quietly in came They 6. exams, his motives for upsetting me like that?, 11. W h a t are the effects of a large earthquake, 12. Stress and and Stress 12. earthquake, large a of effects the are t a h W 11. that?, like me upsetting for motives in for him). for in hand, 17. O n the other hand, 18. In m y opinion y m In 18. hand, other the n O 17. hand, reasons w h y you agree and / or disagree before reaching a conclusion. It is usually best to present present to best usually is It conclusion. a reaching before disagree /or and agree you y h w reasons .tkn n 5 und o , . u u t, . tn i (loue t ith w used (also in stand ^ 9. argument ith, an w up Presenting 46 put Page 7. n, dow turned 5. in, taken 3. n dow Clues up do 20. ith, w oe Te apease i lne hn o wol ne o ie nte IELTS. the in rite w to need ould w you most consider, than any The M 9. longer is 11. answer sample me, Nevertheless, /For 8. The Note: concerned am Iwell, as as 7. far As 10. hile, / W h g reason, u o main lth A e 6. / Th reason ore, portant im Furtherm / oreover M 5. 1 2 Clues across Clues Pages on back 24. ard, forw 23. ith, w 22. over, 21. out, 20. 1. The police asked him his reason for speeding through the tow n, 2. He failed his exam due to / to due exam his failed He 2. n, tow the through speeding for reason his him asked police The 1. ok 1. o 1. n, 4 g, 5 lo, 6 c g , 7 comes, 17. t, /ge e m co 16. look, 15. go, 14. up, ent, w held 13. 13. go, on, 12. carry 12. look, n, dow ... t le 11. off, Page letting 10. of, out pulled 9. up, showed 8. up, 2 verbs Phrasal 42 - 41 Pages 12. Secondly, 13. Finally, 14. In other words, 15. In conclusion/To summarise, 16. O n the one one the n O 16. summarise, conclusion/To In 15. words, other In 14. /Ithink, believe I 4. Finally, 13. to, addition Secondly, In / as 12. well As 3. /Firstly, all of First 2. However, 1. Page 40 Phrasal verbs verbs Phrasal 40 Page 1. put aside (set (set aside put 1. Answers 1. put dow n, 4. talk ...round , 5. take after, 6. running up against, 8. turned out, 11. picked on, picked 11. out, up made turned 21. 8. up, against, run up 20. running 6. off, set 19. 11. after, take up, 5. give, 10. turned 16. , ...round came, 9. talk out, 4. opt 12. go, 8. n, dow put 1. get, 7. look, 6. came 20. go, 5. get, 19. looking, 4. t, n e /w d e k o lo getting, 18. 3. get, 2. looked, 1. . p 2 ot 3 u o 4 of 5 o, . pwih 7 do , . u f 9 ot 1. u, 1 up, 11. out, 10. on, /back n dow out, 19. 9. of, behind, out 18. 8. n, on, 17. ow d 7. into, 16. ith, w up 6. out, 15. on, 5. out, 14. off, 4. ith, w to, up up 13. 3. in, 12. out, 2. up, 1. 14. fell through, 15. ended up, 16. carried out, 17. cutting back on, 18. cu to ff, 19. did away away did 19. split ff, 7. to cu 18. out, sort 6. on, back cutting 17. through, pull 5. out, carried 16. out, ... ear w up, 4. ended 15. off, ear w 3. through, fell out, 14. rk o w 2. n, dow broke 1. l.le n d , 2. hire, 3. borrow , 4 . ^ , 5. present, 6. 6. present, 5. , ^ . 4 , borrow 3. hire, 2. , d n l.le o ilfn h od n hae n hsmdl ueu nPr h ET rtn Ts, and Test, Writing IELTS the f o 2 Part in useful module this in phrases and words the find will You 47 47 43 43 44-45 Reason Reason Phrasal verbs verbs Phrasal 0 ptof 1. es n 1. aeot 1. d u, 7 rnfr 1. c p u ick p 18. for, ran 17. up, ade m 15. out, make 14. in, sets 13. off, put 10. Phrasal verbs 4 verbs Phrasal aside 8 1 result a h ae enn, u os o i i tecosod, . ae in, take 2. crossword), the in fit not does but meaning, same the has 3 1 Б о л ь ш е р е с у р с о в п о S, и . loae 8 provide 8. allocate, 7. з у ч е н и ю а because of) because н г л и й for. I was asked to stand to asked was I for. с к о his lack of revision, of lack his г о н а List-English.ru answers Answers consequence was unable to enrol for the course (as a consequence has the same meaning as as a result), 15. Riots and street fighting ensued when the police officers on trial were acquitted. 2 1. ensued, 2. consequence of / effects of, 3. in order to, 4. with the aim of, 5. on account of / due to / owing to, 6. reason for, 7. prompted him to, 8. on the grounds that, 9. so as not to, 10. affect Page 48 Shape & feature 1 " ' 1. a pyramid, 2. a spiral, 3. a circle, 4. an oval, 5. a triangle, 6. a cube, 7. a sphere, 8. a crescent, 9. a square, 10. a cylinder, 11. a rectangle, 12. a cone 2 1. circular, 2. rectangular, 3. oval, 4. spiral, 5. spherical, 6. triangular, 7. conical, 8. cylindrical, 9. square For words like pyramid, crescent and cube, we add -shaped (a pyramid-shaped building, a cube-shaped container) 3 1 .(d ), 2. (g), 3. (i), 4. (h), 5. (j), 6. (b), 7. (e), 8. (a), 9. (c), 10. (f) Pages 49 - 50 Size, quantity & dimension 1 1. small (note the pronunciation of minute in this sense: / mal'nju:t/), 2. small, 3. big, 4. big (this is an informal use of the word mammoth), 5. big, 6. big, 7. big, 8. small, 9. big (this is an informal use of the word monumental), 10. big, 11. big, 12. big (this is an informal use of the w ord loads), 13. small, 14. big, 15. big, 16. big, 17. big, 18. big, 19. big, 20. big, 21. small, 22. big, 23. big, 24. big (this is an informal use of the word tons), 25. big 2 1. a long-distance journey, 2. a great deal of time, 3. loads of times, 4. a minute amount of dust, 5. a gigantic wave, 6. a huge waste of time, 7. A colossal statue, 8. plenty of food, 9. A broad river, 10. A vast crowd of supporters, 11. a gargantuan meal / plenty of food, 12. a vast room, 13. a m am m oth jo b /to n s of w ork, 14. a deep lake, 15. a minuscule piece of cloth, 16. an enormous book, 17. a m am m oth jo b /to n s of w ork, 18. a high m ountain, 19. a m onum ental error, 20. a tiny car, 21. a giant building, 22. a wide avenue, 23. a shallow pool, 24. a tall man, 25. A narrow alleyway Page 51 Spelling The incorrectly-spelt words are underlined and corrected below. 1 Despite banning tobacco advertising and raising the price of cigarettes, the government's anti smoking campaign has failed to have any long-term effects. It is now widely believed that more drastic measures are necessary. A new national committee, which has been formed to tackle the problem, has made several recommendations. These include banning smoking in all public areas, and denying hospital treatment to persistent smokers who have been warned by their doctors to give up but failed to do so. 2 It is arguable whether good pronunciation is more important than good grammar and vocabulary. Conscientious students balance their acquisition of these skills, hoping to achieve both fluency and accuracy. English teachers should encourage their students to practise all the relevant language skills, and use their English at every opportunity. 3 It is becoming increasingly difficult for many people to find decent accommodation in the city at a price they can afford. To put it simply, there are too many people and not enough homes for them. Local community centres and charitable organisations such as Home Front can offer advice, but it is widely agreed that the situation is no longer manageable. The fact that some councils in the city 113 Больше ресурсов по изучению английского на List-English.ru Answers are building cheap, temporary housing for lower-paid professionals is the only official acknowledgement of this problem. Page 52 Stopping something 1. delete, 2. repeal (we can also say abolish), 3. deter, 4. dissuade, 5. rescind, 6. suppress, 7. sever, 8. turn d o w n (w e can also say decline), 9. pull out of, 10. deny, 11. cancel, 12. quash, 13. give up, 14. put an end to, 15. rem ove (less formally, w e can say strike, but only if w e are referring to something on paper: Strike his name from the list), 16. suspend, 17. scrap, 18. curb Page 53 Success & failure 1. reached, 2. accomplish, 3. secured, 4. achieved, 5. realise, 6. attain, 7. fulfilled, 8. m anaged*, 9. abandon, 10. collapsed, 11. faltered, 12. folded, 13. fell through, 14. misfired * W e manage to do something, or we succeed in doing something (He managed to pass his exam / He succeeded in passing his exam). Page 54 Task commands i 1. F, 2. D, 3. C, 4. H, 5. A, 6. G, 7. B, 8. E 2 1. D, 2. G, 3. A , 4. H, 5. E, 6. B, 7. C Other words and phrases which you might find useful include: calculate, characterise, classify, comment on, consider, deduce, describe, determine, differentiate between, distinguish between, evaluate, explain, give an account of, identify, list, show, state, summarise Page 55 Time 1 Part 1: 1. Prior to (this phrase is usually followed by a noun or by an -ing verb. For example: Prior to moving to the country, he had to learn the language), 2. By the tim e, 3. Form erly (w e could also use Previously, but Formerly works better in this context), 4. precede, 5. Previously. 6. Earlier (we could also use Previously) Part 2: 1. While (we can also say As or Just as. Note that while is usually used to talk about long actions. For short actions, we would use when), 2. During (we can also say Throughout. During and throughout are followed by a noun), 3. In the meantime, 4. At that very moment Part 3: 1. Following (this word is always followed by a noun. We can also say After), 2. As soon as (we can also say Once or The m om ent / minute that. These words and phrases are always followed by an action: Once the show had ended, we went home), 3. Afterw ards 2 (1) In the past: a few decades ago, at that point / moment in history, at the turn of the century, back in the 1990s, between 2003 and 2005, from 2006 to 2011, in medieval times (note that medieval can also be spelt mediaeval), in my childhood / youth, in those days, last century (2) The past leading to the present: ever since, for the past few months, lately, over the past six weeks (3) The present: as things stand, nowadays, these days (4) The future: by the end of this year, for the foreseeable future, for the next few weeks, from now on, in another five years' time, one day, over the coming weeks and months, sooner or later Больше ресурсов по изучению английского на List-English.ru answers Answers Pages 56 - 57 Useful Interview expressions _ Agreeing with somebody: I agree. / 1 couldn't agree more. / That's just what I think. / That's my view exactly. / That's right. Disagreeing with somebody: I don't entirely agree. / I'm afraid I disagree / don't agree. / 1 see things rather differently myself./Well, actually.../Well, as a matter of fact,... Interrupting somebody: Could I just say that...? / Excuse me for interrupting,... / Let me interrupt you there. / Sorry to butt in,... / Sorry to interrupt,... ( You shouldn't interrupt the examiner too often. In any case, the examiner will leave you to do most of the talking) Asking somebody for their opinion: Do you agree that...? / What are your feelings about...? / What are your views on...? / What do you think about...?/What's your opinion? ( You probably won't need to use these expressions yourself in the Speaking Test, but you are likely to hear the examiner use them) 2 Asking for clarification or repetition: Could you repeat the question? / I'm afraid I didn't catch that. / I'm sorry? / What was that? / Would you mind repeating that? Saving something in another way: In other words... / Perhaps I should make that clearer by saying... /To put it another way,... / What I'm trying to say is... / What I mean is... Giving yourself time to think: Hmm, how can I put / say this? / Let me see. / Let me think about that for a moment. / May I think about that for a moment? / That's an interesting question. Summing up what vou have said: So. basically,... / In short / brief,... / So, in conclusion,.../To summarise,... / To sum up,... 3 1. Any expression from the 'Asking for clarification or repetition' box. 2. Any expression from the 'Agreeing with somebody' box. 3. Any expression from the 'Interrupting somebody' box except Could I just say that...? (which would be used before giving an opinion rather than correcting a mistake, as the student is doing here). 4. Any expression from the 'Giving yourself time to think' box except May I think about that for a moment? (which would require a response from the interviewer before the student continues). 5. Any expression from the 'Saying something in another way' box. 6. Any expression from the 'Disagreeing with somebody' box. Pages 58 - 60 Architecture 1 Building materials: concrete, glass, reinforced concrete, steel, stone, timber Aesthetic perception: controversial, elegant, an eyesore, pleasing geometric forms, ugly, well- designed Types of building: high-rise apartments (in the UK, the word flat is usually used instead of apartment), low-rise apartments, multi-storey car park, skyscraper Architectural style: art deco, international style, modernist, post-modern, standardised, traditional (ihigh-tech could also be included in this category) Parts of a building: foundations, facade, porch, walls Features: energy-efficient, functional, high-tech, practical 2 1. B, 2. A, 3. C, 4. C, 5. A, 6. A, 7. C, 8. C, 9. A, 10. A , 11. B, 12. A (w e can also say loft) 3 1. planning, 2. preservation, 3. renovate, 4. architects, 5. glass, 6. fagade, 7. foundations, 8. social, 9. derelict, 10. estate, 11. an eyesore, 12. traditional, 13. slums, 14. high-rise / low-rise, 15. energy-efficient Other words and phrases which you might find useful include: Other types of building: bungalow, castle, cottage, detached house, maisonette, manor house, mansion, palace, semi-detached house, shopping centre / mall, terraced house Other parts of a building: basement / cellar, chimney, roof, staircase, walls Verbs: construct, design, modernise, plan Others: development, low-cost, mass-produced, prefabricated, standardised 115 Больше ресурсов по изучению английского на List-English.ru 116 answers a foster child), foster a . , . , 0 F, 10. 3 is E, 9. adjective (the B, 8. dependants 11. rate, birth 10. 2 years, ative form 9. . npl, . ainlsd nutis L ue ly n, .txto, . e industries, key N. taxation, M. ent, output, ploym D. unem L. Product), industries, National Gross nationalised (= K. GNP C. onopoly, m industries, J. factory, secondary a B. in workers rates, the interest mean . A to used be also can phrase This made. are products here w factory _ Pages 67 - 68 Children Children 68 - 67 Pages salary R. Tax), dded A Value (= T A V Q. tax, 3 P. income inflation, . 0 2 . prnig 6 dvre, . hlcr, . dlsec (h nu is noun (the adolescence 8. childcare, 7. divorced, 6. upbringing, 5. 0 rsosbe 1. ilns 1.wl-dutd 1. ein, 4 oe-rtcie 1. nuclear, 15. over-protective, 14. extended lenient, 18. 13. dependants, 17. well-adjusted, 12. siblings, 11. single-parent, 16. responsible, 10. 1 salaries, 10. nationalised, / state-owned 9. hite-collar, Blue-collar/W 8. industries, sculptor produce, production, art, pop exhibit, collection, author, artist, actor, (an exhibition 5. our), hum and dances songs, . rn, . oeit 1. rsnvl, 1 pbihd 1. igah, 3 cnet 1. opera, 14. concert, 13. biography, 12. published, 11. orks/novels, w 10. novelist, 9. grant, 8. 3 film, a 12. photography, 11. life, still a 10. stories, 2 short of collection a 9. novel, a 8. . rmayidsr, . uo to, . evc idsre, . aac fpyet, . deficit, I. payments, of balance H. industries, service G. ation, F. autom industry, ary prim E. managers) the not 1. say also can H e 1. (w up bring 4. single-parent, 3. extended, 2. nuclear, 1. industry & Business 66 - 64 Pages include: useful find ight m you which phrases and words Other is noun (the Answers 1 ngmet 1. ulc 1. e n, 4 spl, 5 rvne/icm, 6 nationalised, 16. secondary 7. income, / revenue 15. exports, 6. supply, 14. Inflation, 5. and, Dem ation 13. ent, autom 18. ploym unem public, 4. 12. deficit, 17. off, lay ent, 3. anagem 11. m ing, orrow b 2. Interest, 1. say also can e (w on take 10. labourers, Unskilled 9. industries, painting), 10. publish, 11. atmospheric, 12. artistic, 13. popular, 14. cinematic, 15. Surrealist Surrealist 15. cinematic, 14. popular, 13. artistic, 12. atmospheric, 11. (a publish, Gallery 7. 10. say also can e (w grant, 6. novelists painting), 8. plane), exhibition), an of part Pages 61 - 63 Th e arts e Th 63 - 61 Pages 12. exports, 13. recession, 14. employees (w e can also say say also can e (w employees 14. (...a floor shop recession, 16. 13. 12. exports, 1. dem and for, 2. loss, 3. net, 4. lending, 5. credit, 6. retail, 7. private, 8. State-owned State-owned 8. private, 7. retail, 6. credit, 5. lending, 4. net, 3. loss, 2. for, and dem 1. 1 . alt 2 promne 3 rves 4 ehbto, . alr, . otat, . tl life, still 7. portraits, 6. Gallery, 5. exhibition, 4. reviews, 3. 15. sculpture performance, 2. ballet, 1. (or works 2. performance, 1. . ble, . pa, . borpy 4 a cltr, . prri, . n pr, . concert, a 7. opera, an 6. portrait, a 5. sculpture, a landscape 4. a 14. art, biography, a 3. 13. abstract play, a 2. ballet, a 1. omaie 2 dvre, . ruh u, . otrfmiy( hl who lvswih a otrfml is family foster a ith w lives o h w child (a ily fam foster 4. up, brought 3. divorced, 2. ative, form (authoritarian Surrealism), 5. authoritarian, 6. upbringing, 7. running w ild, 8. adolescence, 9. juvenile, 9. adolescence, 8. ild, w running 7. upbringing, 6. authoritarian, 5. can also be a noun: a a noun: a be also can 11.1, fight broke out on the shop floor. shop the on out broke fight & 2 L 12. 6 cultural 16. Б tefmily fam the о л ь work), ш е р 3. edition, 4. reviews (a (a reviews 4. edition, 3. writers), е с у strict authoritarian), strict р с о . mrsinss ( Impressionists 9. в exhibit galley п о и In this context, the the context, this In is a type of ship or a kitchen on a ship or or ship a on kitchen a or ship of type isa in the context of art is an object that forms forms that object isan art of context the in з у ч е staff н 2. C, 3. G, 4. K, 5. A , 6. D, 7. J, 7. D, 6. , A 5. K, 4. G, 3. C, 2. и ю revue or or employ Impressionism а workers), н dependent), is a type of performance w ith ith w performance of type isa г л adolescent), и or or raise shop floor shop й с hire), к 5 expenditure, 15. or or о is the style of of style isthe г о 2 Juvenile 12. 1 White-collar, W 11. rear), н i h ra n a in area isthe а List-English.ru Answers Pages 69 - 70 Crime & the law 1 1. judge, 2. jury, 3. witness, 4. defendant, 5. victim, 6. solicitor (called an attorney in the US), 7. offender, 8. barrister, 9. law abiding, 10. break the law 2 Part 1 (in order): A, F, D, B, C, E Part 2 (in order): A , E, F, C, B, D Part 3 (in order): A, D, F, C, E, B 3 1. committed, 2. arrested / charged, 3. court, 4. pleaded, 5. guilty, 6. sentenced, 7. misdeeds, 8. law-abiding / innocent, 9. retribution, 10. rehabilitate, 11. reform, 12. released, 13, deterrent, 14. parole, 15. victim, 16. offender, 17. com m unity service, 18. fine, 19. + 20. corporal punishment /capital punishment (in either order), 21. + 22. judges / barristers/ juries / solicitors (any of these in any order) Other words and phrases you might find useful include: accuse, admit, convict (noun + verb), conviction, deny, lawyer, pass a verdict, punish, punishment, revenge, send to prison, statement, wrongdoer Different types of crime (and the people who commit them): bigamy (a bigamist), burglary (a burglar), espionage (a spy), forgery (a forger), hijack (a hijacker), hooliganism (a hooligan), murder (a murderer), piracy (a pirate), rape (a rapist), robbery (a robber), shoplifting (a shoplifter), terrorism (a terrorist), vandalism (a vandal) Pages 71-72 Education _ _ _ 1. A (we can also say retake), 2. B, 3. B, 4. C, 5. C, 6. A , 7. C, 8. B, 9. B, 10. C, 11. B, 12. A, 13. B, 14. A 2 1. kindergarten (we can also say nursery or nursery school), 2. primary, 3. skills, 4. + 5. numeracy / literacy (in either order), 6. secondary, 7. discipline, 8. passed (The opposite of pass is fail), 9. course, 10. enrolled, 11. graduated (this can also be a noun: a graduate. A graduate is a student who has finished a course at university. A student who is still at university is called an undergraduate), 12. degree, 13. on-line, 14. qualifications, 15. day release, 16. evening class 3 1. skills, 2. + 3. literacy / numeracy (in either order), 4. kindergarten, 5. primary, 6. secondary, 7. discipline, 8. pass, 9. qualifications, 10. acquire, 11. health, 12. further, 13. enrol, 14. higher, 15. graduate, 16. degree, 17. higher, 18. evening class, 19. day release, 20. on-line, 21. mature 22. graduate Other words and phrases which you might find useful include: adult education, campus, co-educational, comprehensive school, faculty, infant school, junior school, private education, resources, subject, take /sit an exam Pages 73 - 74 The environment 1 1. F (the opposite of an animal which has been raised on a battery farm is a free-range animal, e.g., a free-range chicken. Eggs can also be described as free-range: I only eat free-range eggs), 2. L, 3. J (some of these animals are called protected species, which means it is usually illegal to kill them ), 4. E, 5. B, 6. C, 7. D, 8. K, 9. I, 10. G, 11. H, 12. A (w e can also say hunting, although there are some differences. Poaching means to hunt illegally) 2 1. green belt, 2. biodegradable packaging, 3. greenhouse, 4. rain forest (often written as one w ord, rainforest), 5. erosion, 6. recycle, 7. organic, 8. genetically modified (often abbreviated to GM), 9. Deforestation, 10. Acid rain, 11. ecosystem, 12. emissions + fossil fuels, 13. contaminated (we can also say polluted), 14. environmentalists, 15. global w arm ing Больше ресурсов по изучению английского на List-English.ru Answers 3 1. fossil fuels, 2. acid rain, 3. greenhouse, 4. global warming, 5. rain forest, 6. contaminated, 7. emissions / gases, 8. Poaching, 9. endangered species, 10. ecosystem, 11. recycle, 12. biodegradable, 13. genetically m odified, 14. organic, 15. pollution, 16. environmentalists, 17. conservation program m es, 18. battery farm ing, 19. green belts Other words and phrases which you might find useful include: bottle bank, carbon dioxide, CFC gases, climatic change, degradation, destruction, energy-efficient, the greenhouse effect, legislation, over-fishing, overpopulation, the ozone layer, radioactive waste, recycling facilities, re-use, rising sea levels, toxic waste, waste disposal Pages 75 - 77 Food & diet 1 1. vitamins, 2. nutritious (the noun is nutrition (general) or nutrient (specific). A person who specialises in the study of nutrition and advises on diets is called a nutritionist), 3. vegetarian (this word can also be an adjective: a vegetarian diet), 4. carbohydrates, 5. protein, 6. cholesterol, 7. famine, 8. obesity (the adjective is obese), 9. malnourished (the noun is malnutrition), 10. minerals, 11. fat, 12. fibre (digest = change into substances your body can use), 13. overw eight, 14. fresh, 15. calories (the adjective is calorific: What is the calorific content of a bar of chocolate?), 16. processed (the chemicals and other things in processed food are called additives) 2 1. I (the noun for allergic is allergy. Some people also have a food intolerance, which means they cannot digest certain foods properly: James has an intolerance to wheat), 2. C, 3. A, 4. J or D, 5. D or J, 6. E, 7. B, 8. G, 9. H, 10. F (fast food is also often called junk food) 3 1. fast food, 2. processed, 3. vitamins / minerals, 4. minerals / vitamins, 5. fat / carbohydrates, 6. carbohydrates/fat, 7. obesity, 8. malnourished, 9. shortages, 10. harvest, 11. cholesterol, 12. balanced diet, 13. fresh, 14. fibre Pages 78 - 79 Geography 1 ~ 1. tree, copse, wood, forest (beach does not belong in this group) 2. footpath, track, lane, road {peak does not belong in this group) 3. hillock, hill, mountain, mountain range (shore does not belong in this group) 4. hollow, gorge, valley, plain (waterfall does not belong in this group) 5. inlet, cove, bay, gulf (ridge does not belong in this group) 6. brook, stream, river, estuary (cliff does not belong in this group) 7. city, county, country, continent (tributary does not belong in this group) 8. pond, lake, sea, ocean (cape does not belong in this group) 2 Geographical features associated with water and the sea: beach, cape, cliff, coast, coastline, glacier, mouth (of a river), peninsula, shore, source (of a river), tributary, waterfall Geographical features associated with land, hills and mountains: cliff, glacier, highlands, mountainous, peak, plateau, ridge, summit Words / phrases associated with agriculture and rural land: depopulation, fertile, irrigation, under-developed, vegetation Words / phrases associated with towns and cities: conurbation, densely populated, industrialised, overcrowding, urban sprawl 3 1. densely populated, 2. industrialised, 3. urban sprawl, 4. city, 5. irrigation, 6. source, 7. peaks, 8. m ountain range, 9. depopulation, 10. Valley, 11. waterfalls, 12. brooks / streams, 13. lane, 14. track, 15. Ocean, 16. cape / peninsula, 17. hills, 18. plain, 19. delta, 20. fertile, 21. shore / beach, 22. country Больше ресурсов по изучению английского на List-English.ru Answers Pages 80 - 81 Global problems 1 1. B, 2. A, 3. B, 4. C, 5. A , 6. C, 7. A, 8. B, 9. A, 10. C, 11. B, 12. B, 13. A, 14. B, 15. A Note: A hurricane is the name we give to a tropical storm with strong winds and rain which originates in the Caribbean or Eastern Pacific. Similar storms which originate in the Far East are called typhoons, and those which originate in the Indian Ocean are called cyclones. 2 1. spread, 2. spread / swept (in this context, swept is always followed by through), 3. erupted, 4. shook, 5. broke out, 6. casualties, 7. survivors/casualties, 8. Refugees/Survivors, 9. suffering, 10. relief 3 1. torrential, 2. flood, 3. epidemic, 4. famine, 5. relief, 6. volcano, 7. erupted, 8. hurricane, 9. devastation, 10. typhoon, 11. casualties, 12. drought, 13. civil war, 14. Refugees / Survivors, 15. swept / spread, 16. accident, 17. explosions, 18. plague Pages 82 - 83 Healthcare 1 1.D, 2. H (a combination of 1 and 2 is called rheumatoid arthritis), 3. C, 4. A, 5. K, 6. B, 7. E, 8. L, 9. F (we can also say that their bodies lack resistance to illness), 10.1 (The National Health Service, often abbreviated to the NHS, is a system of free doctors, nurses, hospitals and clinics supported by the government in the UK. Many people prefer private healthcare because it is generally considered to be more efficient), 11. J, 12. G 2 1. therapeutic (the noun is therapy. A person who provides a therapeutic service is called a therapist), 2. a diet (in this context, diet refers to the food we eat. If we go on a diet, w e eat less in order to lose weight), 3. conventional medicine, 4. traditional medicines, 5. holistic medicine (an example of this is aromatherapy), 6. consultant (we can also say specialist), 7. surgeon (surgery is the treatment of disease which requires an operation to cut into or remove part of the body. Do not confuse this with a surgery, which is a room or building where a normal doctor* sees their patients), 8. protein, 9. vitamins, 10. minerals, 11. active (the opposite of this is sedentary, see Exercise 1), 12. welfare state (other features of the welfare state in the UK include providing citizens with adequate housing, education and money if they are unable to work) * Called a family doctor or general practitioner (GP) in the UK. 3 I. welfare state, 2. + 3. cutbacks + underfunding (in either order), 4. conventional medicine, 5. traditional medicine, 6. arthritis, 7. consultant, 8. surgery, 9. therapeutic, 10. stress-related, I I . symptoms, 12. holistic medicine, 13. diet, 14. + 15. vitamins + minerals (in either order), 16. active, 17. sedentary, 18. arthritis / cancer / cardiovascular disease Other words and phrases which you might find useful include: blood pressure, consult, curable, cure, mental health, physical health, prescription, prevention, remedy, research, the World Health Organisation (the W HO) Pages 84 - 85 The media 1 1. broadsheets, 2. tabloids, 3. journalists, 4. coverage (for radio and television, we often use the w ord airtime), 5. current affairs, 6. broadcasts, 7. log on, 8. reporters, 9. dow nload, 10. the Internet, 11. inform ation overload, 12. website 2 1. freedom of the press, 2. media tycoon (w e can also say media mogul or press baron*), 3. censorship, 4. unscrupulous, 5. exploiting, 6. invasion of privacy, 7. paparazzi, 8. + 9. information + entertainment (in either order), 10. chequebook journalism, 11. integrity, 12. investigative journalism, 13. readership, 14. gutter press, 15. libel * This is informal and slightly negative, as it suggests the person has too much influence. Больше ресурсов по изучению английского на List-English.ru 120 answers to buy property (a house, a flat, etc.) over a period of time. of period a over etc.) flat, a house, (a property buy to of a bank account ( account bank a of A 4. Act, 12. male chauvinist, 13. unreconstructed, 14. glass ceiling, 15. role division, 16. child child 16. division, role 15. ceiling, glass 14. unreconstructed, 13. chauvinist, male 12. Act, also say say also account A 3. money. ith w careful 2. rae euly wih qa py trsad odtosfrdigtesm o, t., . hl rearing, child 5. etc.), job, same the doing for conditions and terms pay, equal ith w equally, treated 5. To To 5. oney M 90 - 89 Pages 7. m ale-dom inated, 8. ruthless, 9. astute / versatile, 10. m ulti-tasking, 11. Sex Discrimination Discrimination Sex 11. ulti-tasking, m 10. / versatile, astute 9. ruthless, 8. is which phrase inated, ale-dom m 7. old-fashioned rather (a sexes the of battle 11. 3 orously) stereotypes, hum 10. used often roles, gender 9. has o h w man, a usually person, a describe to used often , ord w new relatively isa context this ue n uba, p arket upm upbeat, in, tune counterparts, 4. Sex Discrimination Act (a British law w hich states that men and w om en should be be should en say om also w can and e (w men inner that states breadw hich 7. w law British (a division, Act role 6. Discrimination Sex 4. this counterparts, in al: (inform negative 12. 2 role), their and en om w aabout especially context, ideas, old-fashioned or pany com a in positions senior most the reaching from en, om w especially people, some rearing, 17. household m anagem ent, 18. Social convention, 19. sex objects, 20. pow er struggle/ struggle/ it. er pow 20. struggle er /pow sexes objects, sex 19. the of 1 battle 22. convention, Social 18. counterparts, male 21. ent, anagem m sexes, the of household 17. battle rearing, eedn o orpito iw) 9 ngtv, 0 ngtv, 1 ngtv ( negative 11. good are positive, negative, be 10. you also could ulti-tasking, (this m at negative, 9. negative good 8. are ), you (if view e), of tim positive same 7. point the at your on thing positive, 6. one depending than more positive, 5. doing at organisation), show, e gam a, dram documentary, commercial**, show, chat e: m program television of Types financial, headline, horoscope, lead story, local news, national news, readers' letters (also called called (also letters readers' news, national news, local story, lead editor), the to horoscope, letters headline, financial, forecast 1. Profit Profit 1. press the of freedom 23. censorship, 22. /Reporters, Journalists Others: dow nm arket, highbrow , journal, low brow , read between the lines, slander, state-controlled, state-controlled, slander, lines, the between read , brow low journal, , highbrow arket, nm dow Others: ae 6- 8 e o en wom & Men 88 - 86 Pages 1. egalitarian, 2. equality, 3. breadwinner, 4. w eaker sex, 5. stereotypes, 6. gender roles, gender 6. stereotypes, 5. sex, eaker w 4. breadwinner, 3. equality, 2. egalitarian, 1. 1. household m anagem ent (we can also say say also can (we ent anagem m household 1. negative 15. positive, 14. 13. positive, 1 of instead rd used o w show the stations However, radio and Television ** Answers 7. broadcasts, 8. the Internet, 9. websites, 10. dow nload, 11. + 12. inform ation + entertainm ent ent include: useful entertainm find + ight m ation you inform which 12. expressions + 11. and words Other nload, dow 10. websites, 9. Internet, the 8. broadcasts, 7. 1. negative, 2. negative, 3. negative, 4. negative (a (a negative 4. negative, 3. negative, 2. negative, 1. fashion, ent, entertainm editorial, weather show, supplement, variety colour show, talent advertisement**, opera, soap newspaper: sitcom, a of Parts show, reality show, quiz show, makeover 3 i ete re) 1. utr rs/alis 1. nain fpiay 1. aaaz, 6 libel, 16. paparazzi, 15. privacy, of invasion 14. press/tabloids, gutter 13. order), either (in 17. chequebook journalism, 18. unscrupulous, 19. integrity, 20. log on, 21. M edia tycoons / tycoons edia M 21. on, log 20. integrity, 19. unscrupulous, 18. journalism, 17. chequebook . raset, . oeae 3 cretafis 4 rpres 5 orait, . tabloids, 6. journalists, 5. reporters, 4. affairs, current 3. coverage, 2. broadsheets, 1. Extravagant Extravagant Loss current account account current loan loan deposit deposit s nyyu aesetad o o back. got not and spent have you oney m is savings account savings is a bank account which pays you interest if you leave m oney in it for some tim e (w e can can e (w e tim some for it in oney m leave you if interest you pays which account bank ais is the m oney you gain from selling som ething, w hich is more than the m oney you paid for for paid you oney m the than more is hich w ething, som selling from gain you oney m isthe s nywihyu orw o u o tig A A ething. som buy to borrow you which oney m is dinosaur m oney is to put m oney into a bank account. To To account. bank a into oney m put isto oney m describes someone w h o spends a lot of money. money. of lot a spends o h w someone describes commercials. deposit is someone w h o is very old-fashioned and no longer useful or effective), or useful longer no and old-fashioned isvery o h w issomeone advertisements Economical Economical sa akacutfo hc o cntk moe taytme A A e. tim any at oney m take can you which from account bank isa sport, what's on what's sport, 8t finance or or Б can be a noun or a verb. The noun of of noun The verb. a or noun a be can о notice account). notice л ь ш ecie o tigta i ntepniet ueo run. or use to expensive not is that ething som describes е (fe sotndt to shortened (often р е commercials, с у р с domestic chores domestic о в п financial provider), financial newspapers and magazines print print magazines and newspapers о и з glass ceiling glass у adverts ч е mortgage mortgage or or н tda ithdraw w и Frugal Frugal or, m ore informally, informally, ore m or, housework), ю withdraw а is an unfair system that prevents prevents that system unfair an is н . oil convention, social 8. is a special kind of loan used used loan of kind special is a г ecie oen is o h w someone describes л m oney is to take m oney out out oney m take isto oney m и й is с 2. practical, 3. male male 3. practical, 2. к withdrawal). о unreconstructed г о н ads) а advertisements. List-English.ru deposit is often often is in answers Answers 6. A wage and a salary are money you earn for doing a job, but a wage is usually paid daily or weekly, and a salary is usually paid monthly. We also use salary to describe the amount of money you earn over a year (He earns an annual salary of £40,000). 7. If you are broke, you have no money. This is an informal word. If you are bankrupt, you are not able to pay back money you have borrowed. This is a very serious financial situation for someone to be in. 8. In the UK, shares are one of the many equal parts into which a company's capital is divided. People who buy them are called shareholders. Stocks are shares which are issued by the government. Dividends are parts of a company's profits shared out among the shareholders. 9. Income tax is a tax on money earned as wages or a salary. Excise duty is a tax on certain goods produced in a country, such as cigarettes or alcohol. 10. To credit someone's bank account is to put money into the account. To debit someone's bank account is to take money out. In the UK, many people pay for telephone bills, etc., using a system called direct debit, where money is taken directly from their bank account by the company providing the goods or services. 11. Traditionally, a bank is a business organisation which keeps money for customers and pays it out on demand, or lends them money. A building society is more usually associated with saving money or lending people money to buy property. These days, there is very little difference between them. 12. A discount is the percentage by which a full price is reduced to a buyer by the seller. A refund is money paid back when, for example, returning something to a shop (it can also be a verb: to refund). 13. A bargain is something which is bought more cheaply than usual. Something which is overpriced is too expensive. Something which is exorbitant costs much more than its true value (£12 fora cheese sandwich? That's exorbitant!). 14. A worthless object is something which has no value. A priceless object is an extremely valuable object. 15. If you save money, you put it to one side so that you can use it later. If you invest money, you put it into property, shares, etc., so that it will increase in value. 16. Inflation is a state of economy where prices and wages increase. Deflation is a reduction in economic activity. 17. Income is the money you receive for doing something. Expenditure is the money you spend. 18. If you lend money, you let someone use your money for a certain period of time. If you borrow money from someone, you take money for a time, usually paying interest (Can you lend me £20 until the end of the month?). 2 1. F, 2.1, 3. L, 4. E, 5. J, 6. K (Revenue and Customs - full name: Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs, abbreviated to HMRC - is the British government department that deals with taxes), 7. C, 8. H, 9. G, 10. A, 11. B, 12. D 3 1. borrow, 2. loan, 3. income, 4. expenditure, 5. overdraft, 6. cost of living, 7. Inflation, 8. economise, 9. building society, 10. interest, 11. on credit, 12. exorbitant, 13. save, 14. reductions, 15. bargain, 16. discount, 17. invest, 18. stocks, 19. shares Other words and phrases which you might find useful include: cash, cheque, corporation tax, credit card, currency, debit card, debt, disability allowance, equity, inheritance tax, investment, negative equity, overdrawn, rate of exchange (or exchange rate), receipt, social security, statement, upwardly /downwardly mobile, wealthy Pages 91 - 92 On the road 1 1. A , 2. B, 3. B, 4. A, 5. A, 6. B, 7. A , 8. A , 9. A, 10. A , 11. A , 12. A 2. 1.D, 2. H, 3. F, 4. A, 5. J, 6. G, 7. C, 8. I, 9. E, 10. B Notes: Most large towns and cities in the UK have 'Park and Ride' schemes. These are large car parks outside city centres where drivers can park their cars, often for free. They can then take a bus into the city centre. ______121 Больше ресурсов по изучению английского на List-English.ru 122 answers team or player: player: or team rus imsas ec, 0 rn*, 1 poesoa (hscn ea detv ra noun) a or adjective an be can (this professional 11. arena**, 10. etc., stars, film groups, is verb The (The verb is verb (The you control using your fingers or a tool like a pen are called called are pen a like tool a or fingers your using control you I otn otal ace, aeal ace, t. aeotn lyd n a on played often are etc., matches, baseball matches, football portant Im * * mprat aktal ace, olyal ace, t. aeotn lyd n a on played often are etc., matches, volleyball matches, basketball portant Im ** computers, the Internet and m odern technology: technology: odern m and Internet the computers, email, 8. research, 9. technophiles, 10. technophobes, 11. cybernetics, 12. nuclear engineering, nuclear 12. cybernetics, 11. Sport 97 - technophobes, 10. 96 Pages technophiles, 9. research, 8. email, 3 5. take up, 6. opposition, 7. stadium*, 8. defeat (often used in the passive voice to describe the losing losing the describe to voice passive the in used (often defeat 8. stadium*, 7. opposition, 6. up, take 5. -hpig e-ticket, e-shopping, email. an 1 24. laptop (w e can also say say also can e (w 24. laptop ** Th e letter e in in e letter e Th nload, ** dow 15. spelt often Also files, 14. * , n o g lo 13. wireless, 12. mouse, 11. keyboard, 10. scanner, 9. drive), 1. spectator, 2. sponsorship (the people or organisations w h o provide the money are called called are money the provide o h w organisations or people 7. (the sponsorship 2. Internet, 6. ent spectator, 1. experim 16. invented, 5. analysed, 15. breakthrough, 4. engineering, genetic 14. innovations, 3. safeguards, 13. expectancy, life 2. invented, 1. advances 20. proliferated, 19. expectancy, Life 18. breakthrough, 2 17. engineering, . o ie, . ehohb, 0 atcnpie ifr lycle a called ally (inform technophile a 10. technophobe, a 9. bined, com 8. 16. Internet, 17. websites, 18. gam ing, 19. stream, 20. email (this w o rd can also be a noun: noun: a be also can rd o w (this email 20. stream, 19. ing, gam 18. websites, 17. 16. Internet, pe cmr, rfi oe, rfi iln, rfi lgt, er crossing zebra lights, traffic island, traffic cones, traffic camera, speed hycuea acdn) myg o prison. to go may accident), an cause they Others: accelerate, brake, carriageway, central reservation, cut in, hard shoulder, highway, 1 highway, technology & shoulder, Science 95 hard tailgate - in, 93 cut swerve, Pages road, slip reservation, skid, central pavement, overtake, crossing, carriageway, pelican otorway, m brake, kerb, accelerate, junction, Others: crossroads, inate contraflow, dom 18. bollard, street: fines, 17. the in Objects subsidised, 16. lanes, cycle 15. zone, 1. PC (= (= PC 1. 6. pedestrian crossings, 7. H ighw ay Code, 8. + 9. congestion + pollution (in either order), either (in pollution + congestion 9. + 8. Code, ay ighw H 7. crossings, pedestrian here w 6. (especially cases extreme in and fine a receive can ally and norm licence, will year, a driving least at their for on points' suspended 'penalty receive also They here. w and driving ere w they 12. experimented, 13. genetic engineering, 14. molecular biology, 15. cybernetics, 16. nuclear nuclear 16. cybernetics, 15. biology, molecular 14. engineering, genetic 13. experimented, 12. 3 are o h w Drivers ph. 30m or 20 usually is limit speed um axim m the areas, built-up most In future). . eerh 2 dvlp n, . noain, . ec, . netd 6 dsoee, . analysed, 7. discovered, 6. invented, 5. react, 4. innovations, 3. ent, developm 2. research, 1. include: useful find ight m you which phrases and words Other caught speeding can face penalties ranging from a fine to imprisonment, depending on how fast fast how on depending imprisonment, near to the in fine a from otorways m on ranging ph 80m penalties to face can increase may speeding this caught (although otorways m and carriageways 10. black spot, 11. transport strategy, 12. Traffic calming, 13. Park and Ride, 14. traffic-free traffic-free 14. Ride, and Park 13. calming, Traffic 12. strategy, transport 11. spot, 10. black licence driving their have automatically Offenders offence. serious a isconsidered Drink-driving suspended. licence their have ( Answers . . nuis+ftlte i ete re) 3 sedn, . rn-rvn, . pedestrians, 5. drink-driving, 4. speeding, 3. order), either (in fatalities + injuries 2. + 1. itne n sed iis nte Kae in are UK the in limits speed and Distances mph ). The m axim um speed limit is 60m ph on single-lane roads outside towns, or 70m ph on dual dual on ph 70m or towns, outside roads single-lane on ph is60m limit speed um axim m The ). 4. hardware, 5. load (w e can also say say also can e (w load 5. hardware, 4. personal computer), personal It can also be w ritten w ith a hyphen: hyphen: a ith w ritten w be also can It to sponsor), to to support. to Once again, Chelsea have been beaten in the final. the in beaten been have Chelsea again, Once email disk etc. W e can also say say also can e W isa sport plays o h w an wom (a sportsman 3. means electronic, and is used as a prefix for m any things connected w ith ith w connected things any m for prefix a as used is and electronic, means Б notebook. о 2. components, 3. base unit (w e can also say say also can e (w unit base 3. components, 2. л ь ш е Smaller laptops are called called are laptops Smaller р fan, е с у which can be used for other things as well, including music music including aswell, things other for used be can which р miles с о install), e-mail**), в (1 mile = about 1.6 kilometres) and and kilometres) 1.6 about = mile (1 -ok ecmec, -erig e-reader, e-learning, e-commerce, e-book, п о . otae 7 moio, . printer, 8. onitor, m 7. software, 6. и з у 1 ca om, 2 cahd 2. virus, 23. crashed, 22. rooms, chat 21. ч е tablet PCs) tablet н и netbooks. W e can also say say also can e W ю sportswoman), а н г л techie), и Small computers which which computers Small й hard drive hard с pitch к о 1 safeguards, 11. beat), 4. take part in, part take 4. court г n a in о н miles per hour per miles а 9. supporter supporter 9. in an an in or or stadium. List-English.ru sponsors. disc* arena. send Answers The word in the shaded vertical column is competitors (= the sportsmen and sportswomen who take part in a sports com petition). 2 1.©, 2.©, 3.©, 4.©, 5.©, 6.©, 7.©, 8.©, 9.©, 10.©, 11.©, 12.©, 13.©, 14.©, 15.©, 16.©, 17.©, 18.© 3 1. spectators / supporters / fans, 2. cheering, 3. professional, 4. taking part in, 5. qualifies, 6. reaches the final, 7. defeats / beats, 8. relegated, 9. stadium, 10. hooligans, 11. shouting abuse/jeering, 12. grossly overpaid, 13. performance-enhancing drugs, 14. sent off, 15. com m itting professional fouls, 16. match fixing Pages 98 - 99 Town & country 1 1. N, 2. M, 3. G, 4. A , 5. I, 6. B, 7. C, 8. F, 9. H, 10. E, 11. K, 12. D, 13. L (central business district is often abbreviated to CBD), 14. J 2 1. H, 2. B, 3. G, 4. F, 5. A, 6. C, 7. E, 8. D 3 I. metropolis, 2. cosmopolitan, 3. urban, 4. amenities, 5. cultural events, 6. infrastructure, 7. commuters, 8. central business district (CBD), 9. rush hour / peak periods, 10. congestion, I I . pollution, 12. cost of living, 13. building sites, 14. population explosion, 15. drug abuse, 16. inner-city, 17. rural, 18. prospects, 19. productive land / cultivation / arable land, 20. urban sprawl, 21. environment Other words which you might find useful include: development, employment, facilities, outskirts, property prices, residents, residential, suburbs, unemployment Pages 100 -101 Travel 1 1. False (a travel agency, sometimes called a travel agent's, is a place where you go to buy a holiday or ticket, and a tour operator is the company which sells the holiday to you via the travel agency) 2. True 3. True 4. False (they get on) 5. False (they get off) 6. True 7. True 8. True 9. True 10. False (ecotourism is supposed to be tourism that benefits or has a neutral effect on the environment, although this is not always the case) 11. False (they all have a slightly different meaning: use your dictionary to find out w ha t these are) 12. False (it depends on the country you are from and where you are going. Citizens of the European Union, for example, do not need a visa if they are flying to another EU country) 13. False (it is a short-haul flight) 14. False (it is cheaper. W e can say tourist class or coach class instead of economy class) 15. False (you only need to fill in an immigration card when you go to another country, but see number 12 above) 16. False (cultural tourism is a holiday taken in order to visit places that are culturally interesting, or to attend a cultural event. Sustainable tourism is tourism that causes minimal damage to the environment, similar to ecotourism) 17. True (W e can also say high season. The opposite - the time of year when not many people take a holiday - is called the low season or offseason) 18. False (a cruise is journey on a ship for pleasure, especially one that involves visiting a series of places. A holiday where you watch wild animals is called a safari) Больше ресурсов по изучению английского на List-English.ru Answers 19. False (an armchair traveller is someone who finds out what a place is like by watching travel programmes on television, reading travel books or looking at travel websites on the Internet) 20. True (we can use the adjective touristy to describe places like this) 2 I. refugees, 2. internally displaced, 3. emigration, 4. immigration, 5. culture shock, 6. expatriates (often informally shortened to expats), 7. UNHCR (the United Nations High Commission for Refugees), 8. deported, 9. persona non grata (a Latin phrase which describes a foreign person who is not allowed to visit or stay in another country), 10. economic migrants, II. repatriated / deported, 12. border controls 3 1. travel agency, 2. package tour, 3. independent travellers, 4. visas, 5. check in (the place where you check in for a flight at an airport is called the check-in desk / counter), 6. econom y class, 7. disembark, 8. mass tourism, 9. all-inclusive, 10. ecotourism, 11. refugees, 12. internally displaced, 13. economic migrants, 14. expatriates, 15. culture shock, 16. im m igration, 17. persona non grata, 18. deported, 19. checking in, 20. excursion Pages 102 - 104 Work _ 1. © , 2. © , 3. © , 4. © (w e also say pay rise), 5. © , 6. © , 7. ©, 8. © , 9. © (often abbreviated to RSI), 10.©, 11.©, 12.©, 13.©, 14.©, 15.©, 16.©, 17.©, 18.©, 19.©, 20.©, 21.©, 22. © (we also say incapacity benefit), 23. © (although some people enjoy having a demanding job), 24.©, 25© 26© 2 A. Tracy (E), B. Jane (A), C. Claire (B), D. Marie (F), E. Samantha (C), F. Jeanette (D) 3 1. employees, 2. unskilled, 3. semi-skilled, 4. blue collar, 5. manufacturing industries, 6. white- collar, 7. service industries, 8. job security, 9. steady job, 10. hiring, 11. firing, 12. stress, 13. dem anding, 14. unsociable hours, 15. repetitive strain injury (RSI), 16. salary, 17. prom otion, 18. perks, 19. incentive, 20. increment, 21. sickness benefit, 22. pension, 23. self-employed Other words and phrases which you might find useful include: candidate, dismiss, dismissal, employer, fixed income, interview, interviewee, interviewer, leave (= a formal word for a holiday from work: She's on leave at the moment), manual worker, overtime, profession, recruit, recruitment Больше ресурсов по изучению английского на List-English.ru Больше ресурсов по изучению английского на List-English.ru