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Integrating Agrophotovoltaic System and

Internet of Thing (IoT) in Smart Greenhouse

for Future Farmer
1. Agrophotovoltaic System for Smart

Greenhouse in Hydroponic Farming

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PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM

A photovoltaic system, also PV system or solar power

system, is a power system designed to supply usable solar power by means of photovoltaics. It consists of an arrangement of several components, including solar panels to absorb and convert sunlight into electricity, a solar inverter to convert the output from direct to alternating current, as well as mounting, cabling, and other electrical accessories to set up a working system.

(Source : Wikipedia)

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AGRIPHOTOVOLTAIC

Agrivoltaics is co-developing the same area of land for

both solar photovoltaic power as well as for agriculture.[1] This technique was originally conceived by Adolf Goetzberger and Armin Zastrow in 1981.[2] The coexistence of solar panels and crops implies a sharing of light between these two types of production. (Source : Wikipedia)

Agrophotovoltaics (APV), a technology which combines the production of solar electricity and crops on the same land, has already been successfully

demonstrated in pilot projects in several European

countries. The Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE in

cooperation with the Innovation Group “APV-Resola”

have proven the feasibility of Agrophotovoltaics with a 194 kWp APV pilot system realized on a farm near Lake

Constance in Germany. The project results showed

that APV increases the land-use efficiency by 60 percent. (Source : Agrophotovoltaics Goes Global: from Chile to Vietnam - Fraunhofer ISE Press Release #18)

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HYDROPONICS

Hydroponics is a subset of hydroculture, which is a method of growing plants without soil by instead

using mineral nutrient solutions in a water solvent.[1]

Terrestrial plants may be grown with only their roots exposed to the nutritious liquid, or the roots may be physically supported by an inert medium such as perlite or gravel. The nutrients used in hydroponic systems can come from an array of different sources, including (but not limited to) from fish excrement, duck manure, or purchased chemical fertilizers. (Source : Wikipedia)

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GREENHOUSE TECHNOLOGY

Green house technology is a technique of providing favorable environmental conditions to plants by growing them a greenhouse, a structure with walls and roof made mainly of transparent material, such as glass.

Exposed to sunlight, the greenhouse becomes significantly warmer than the external ambient temperature, protecting its crops from extreme weather – not only wind and temperature but also precipitation and pests. In this way, a greenhouse creates an ideal microclimate around the plants that support their optimal growth. The temperature and humidity within are regulated through ventilation. Thus, overall, greenhouses allow for much greater control over the growing environment of plants.

(Source : http://www.sourcetrace.com/productivity- control-greenhouse-farming/)

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HYDROPONIC GREENHOUSE

The greenhouse and its environment control system are the same whether plants are grown conventionally or with hydroponics. The difference comes from the support system and the method of supplying water and nutrients.

Advantages 1. Water Saving up to 90%. 2. Increase Productivity. 3. Reduce Pollution. 4. Quality Guaranteed. 5. Good Working Conditions

6. Zero Energy Consumption (with renewable energy)

Disadvantages 1. Increased initial investment 2. Higher energy costs -pump and lighting operation increase the electricity costs.
3. More technical skill is needed

Source :

• https://ag.umass.edu/greenhouse-floriculture/fact- sheets/hydroponic-systems
• http://www.itcltd.it/en/environment-projects/hydroponic- greenhouse/118-advantages-hydroponic-greenhouse

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2. IOT ( Internet Of Thing )

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INTERNET of Things (IoT)

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a system of interrelated

computing devices, mechanical and digital machines, objects, animals or people that are provided with unique identifiers (UIDs) and the ability to transfer data over a network without requiring human-to-human or human-tocomputer interaction.

(Source : Wikipedia)

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Iot Industrial Applications

IoT on Agriculture - Hydroponics

There are numerous IoT applications in farming such as collecting data on temperature, rainfall, humidity, wind speed,

pest infestation, and soil content. This data can be used to

automate farming techniques, take informed decisions to improve quality and quantity, minimize risk and waste, and reduce effort required to manage crops. For example, farmers can now monitor soil temperature and moisture from afar, and even apply IoT-acquired data to precision fertilization programs.

(Source : Wikipedia)

Energy management

Significant numbers of energy-consuming devices (e.g.

switches, power outlets, bulbs, televisions, etc.) already integrate Internet connectivity, which can allow them to communicate with utilities to balance power generation and energy usage and optimize energy consumption as a whole. (Source : Wikipedia)

Environmental monitoring

Environmental monitoring applications of the IoT typically

use sensors to assist in environmental protection. (Source : Wikipedia)

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3. Smart Greenhouse

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Smart Greenhouse

The smart greenhouse is a revolution in agriculture, creating a selfregulating, microclimate suitable for plant growth through the use of sensors, actuators, and monitoring and control systems that optimise growth conditions and automate the growing process. The global smart greenhouse market was valued at approximately USD 680.3 million in 2016 and is expected to reach approximately

USD 1.31 Billion by 2022, growing at a CAGR of around 14.12%

between 2017 and 2022. The market is expected to witness significant growth due to increasing population, climate change and, urbanisation. Smart farming is also expected to develop at a very fast rate. However, high installation prices and high initial investment costs may inhibit growth in non-developed countries such as the Middle East & Africa.

.(Source : https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Smart_greenhouse)

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PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM

  • On-Grid PV System
  • Off-Grid PV System

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SMART GREENHOUSE

SYSTEM

Sensors and Detectors

Temperature Sensor
SmartGreenhouse
Cloud System

• Light Sensor

• PH Meter sensor • TDS Detector • Temperature Sensor • Humidity Sensor

• CO2 sensor

• Motion Detector • Etc (on progress development)

PH Meter Detector
Motion Detector

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SMART GREENHOUSE SYSTEM Tools & Equipment

Water Pump

Greenhouse

• Water Pump

• Water mist Pump

• UV LED • Thermostat • CCTV • Etc (on progress development)

Water Mist
UV LED

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Future Farm Application

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Future Farm Application in Smart Greenhouse

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Smart Greenhouse Agrivoltaic for Hydroponic

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Greenhouse Hydroponic

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BENEFIT

>20% Energy Saved

By applying climate control system (“Multi-Objective Optimization for Energy Cost-efficient Control Supplemental Light in Greenhouses” Sorensen et.al 2016).

Environment

Production

65% Profit Increased

Using sensor-based irrigation (“Yield, quality and profitability of sensor-controlled irrigation: a case study of snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus L.) production” Saavos et.al 2016).

Energy

50% Carbon Emission Reduced

By utilizing Solar PV (“Advanced applications of solar energy in agricultural greenhouses” Hassanien et.al 2015).

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    ISES Solar World Congress 2019 IEA SHC International Conference on Solar Heating and Cooling for Buildings and Industry 2019 Agrivoltaic in Chile – Integrative solution to use efficiently land for food and energy production and generating potential synergy effects shown by a pilot plant in Metropolitan region Patricia Gese1, Fernando Mancilla Martínez-Conde1, Gonzalo Ramírez-Sagner1, Frank Dinter1 1 Fraunhofer Chile Research – Center for Solar Technology, Santiago de Chile Abstract In Chile, one of the most vulnerable productive sectors, in the context of climate change, is agriculture. The country faces the risk of losing high-quality soil surface mainly by desertification, erosion, contamination and inappropriate agriculture practices. Risk of agricultural land losses constantly rises due to the increasing food and energy demand, as well as the use of land for human dwellings and industrial operations. In addition, the rapid growth of the energy sector is highlighted, where Chile has ambitious goals on expanding non-conventional renewable energies. Here, solar photovoltaics (PV) present high potential due to the high irradiation levels especially in the northern region of Chile. This, added to decreasing PV system costs, allow solar PV installations going south closer to the energy consumption poles. In the context of both trends, a system to combine agriculture with photovoltaics (APV) is presented as an inter- sectorial solution for food and energy production using the same land benefit from synergy effects like reduction of water evaporation and protection for crops, especially in arid/semi-arid zones. Additionally, first results of an APV pilot plant near Santiago of Chile are presented. Finally, conclusions are developed in addition to an outlook in order to provide a baseline of information for the usefulness of the concept in the country.
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