sustainability Review Solar Photovoltaic Architecture and Agronomic Management in Agrivoltaic System: A Review Mohd Ashraf Zainol Abidin 1,2 , Muhammad Nasiruddin Mahyuddin 2,* and Muhammad Ammirrul Atiqi Mohd Zainuri 3 1 Faculty of Plantation and Agrotechnology, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Perlis Branch, Arau Campus, Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia;
[email protected] 2 School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal 14300, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia 3 Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600 UKM, Selanor, Malaysia;
[email protected] * Correspondence:
[email protected] Abstract: Agrivoltaic systems (AVS) offer a symbiotic strategy for co-location sustainable renewable energy and agricultural production. This is particularly important in densely populated developing and developed countries, where renewable energy development is becoming more important; how- ever, profitable farmland must be preserved. As emphasized in the Food-Energy-Water (FEW) nexus, AVS advancements should not only focus on energy management, but also agronomic management (crop and water management). Thus, we critically review the important factors that influence the decision of energy management (solar PV architecture) and agronomic management in AV systems. The outcomes show that solar PV architecture and agronomic management advancements are reliant on (1) solar radiation qualities in term of light intensity and photosynthetically activate radiation (PAR), (2) AVS categories such as energy-centric, agricultural-centric, and agricultural-energy-centric, Citation: Zainol Abidin, M.A.; Mahyuddin, M.N.; Mohd Zainuri, and (3) shareholder perspective (especially farmers). Next, several adjustments for crop selection and M.A.A. Solar Photovoltaic management are needed due to light limitation, microclimate condition beneath the solar structure, Architecture and Agronomic and solar structure constraints.