Glaucium Flavum Seed Germination - an Ecophysiological Approach

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Glaucium Flavum Seed Germination - an Ecophysiological Approach Annals of Botany 63, 121-130, 1989 121 Glaucium flavum Seed Germination - an Ecophysiological Approach c. A. THANOS, K. GEORGHIOU and FLORA SKAROU Institute of General Botany, University of Athens, Athens 15784, Greece Accepted: 17 August 1988 . ABSTRACT The yellow horned-poppy Glaucium jiavum Crantz shows a final dark germination which is of characteristically 'mediterranean' type (maximal responseat the temperature range 5-15 °C), though a considerablebroadening is brought about, both by a red light pulse and a stratification treatment. Seeds . imbibed in darkness at 25 °C for even a few hours are induced to develop a secondary dormancy (thermodormancy) which can be releasedby light and stratification. The well known time dependenceof light sensitivity and the gradually imposed induction of light indifference at supraoptimal temperatures have also been shown. Seedsimbibed under regimes simulating those met naturally in Greece during November or April, do not germinate when illuminated with white light (I; = 1.26). Full manifestation of germination occurs either in complete darkness or under various, red-enriched light conditions (I; higher than 2.07). A partial promotion is observed with very low fluence rates of white light (in the order 10-:'- 10-4 of daylight). The existence of a surface-avoiding seedling emergencemechanism based on light- inhibited seedgermination was verified in a pot experiment under natural conditions, with seedsburied to various depths. Only those seedsburied at 0.5 cm germinate optimally and readily after the onset of the rainy season (November-December) although those at 1 and 2 cm also germinate to a considerable extent. Key words: Glauciumjiavum, yellow horned-poppy, seedgermination, light, phytochrome, stratification, thermodormancy, seedling emergence. The aim of the present study was to investigate in INTRODUCTION detail the germination characteristicsof G.fiavum The yellow horned.poppy, Glaucium fiavum seeds. Particular emphasis was given to the Crantz, is a perennial or biennial herb, recognized ecophysiological aspects in an attempt to gain by Theophrastus (Enquiry into Plants, IX, XII, 3) insight into the possible role of the germination as a medicinal plant growing on rocky sites by the mechanismsrevealed by laboratory experimentsin sea. The genus Glaucium (Papaveraceae)consists the natural situation. of nearly 20 species,chiefly of the Mediterranean region and also eastwardsto Afghanistan (Meikle, MATERIALS AND METHODS 1977). Glaucium fiavum occurs all along the Mediterranean shores but also on the coasts of Seeds of the yellow horned-poppy (Glaucium , . ~ W. Europe and northwards up to Norway fiavum Crantz) were collected In July 1986 from (Mowat, 1964; Eisikowitch, 1979/1980). the ripe capsules of several pla~ts.g~owing in the In sharp contrast to its wide distribution, there sand-gravel seashore of K. Dlmlnlo (Northern . is a marked scarcity of information on the Peloponnesus,Greece). The mean weight of 50 physiology of seed germination in the yellow seeds(Is.e.) was found to b.e 0.0565I 0.0005g horned-poppy, and only the requirement for (n = 10), thus mean seed .welght ~ .1'1 mg.. The stratification has been documented (Formano- seedswere stored dusted wIth fungIcIde (Thlram) wiczowa and Kozlowski, 1976; Mermerska, 1984). in light- and water proof plastic tins, both at room temperature (20 I 5 °C) and in the refrigerator Communicationpresented at a symposiumAdvances ~3;t 2 °C). No variation in germination characte~- in SeedBiology at the.Royal Botanic Gardens,Kew IStlCS :-vas o~served throughout the expen- (14-15 April 1988),organized by J. B. Dickie, H. w. mentatIon perIod. Pritchardand R. J. Probert. Germination tests were performed in Petri 0305-7364/89/010121 + 10 $03.00/0 @ 1989Annals of BotanyCompany 122 Thanoset al.-Glaucium flavum SeedGermination dishes(8 cm. diameter) lined with two filter papers Tables 4 and 5) were equipped with a white light and moistened with 3 ml of deionised water or source of an emission spectrum quite similar to appropriate mannitol (Merck) solution. For the natural daylight, with a ~ value equal to 1.26;;;' is stratification experiments the dishes were trans- defined as the R (660 nm): FR (730 nm) photon ferred to the refrigerator (in light-proof metal ratio (Smith, 1986).This source (light source A in cans) immediately after onset of seed imbibition. Tables 4 and 5) consistedof four white fluorescent Seeddesiccation included an initial surface drying tubes (Sylvania, Cool White F48Tl2/CW IHO, and afterwards seedswere left to dehydrate in air. 60 W) and four white incandescentbulbs (Osram The criterion of germination was visible radicle 40 W). Light source B (Table 4) consisted of the protrusion and measurementswere taken daily, as four fluorescent tubes only. Various coloured and a rule, though in certain casesonly once or twice neutral (diffuse white) filters made of glass, per week. After each count, the germinated seeds Plexiglas and gelatine were used (Tables 4 and 5); were discarded and the tests were considered certain characteristics of the light transmitted finished when no additional seeds germinated. through thesefilters are appropriately indicated. A Each value is the mean from at least five samples part of the experiment presented in Table 5 was of 50 seedsand :t numbers (in Tables) and vertical carried out in a cabinet equipped with light source . bars (in Figures) represent standard error (s.e.). C, i.e. one white fluorescent(Philips TLD 18W 133) 1;.0is the time neededfor manifestation of half of and one white incandescent tube (Philips the final germination level and it was calculated Philinea 6276 x 60 W). The broad band red and . from the two median values. far-red light sources used for brief illumination The experimentswere performed in temperature (Table 3, Figs I, 2 and 3) consisted of eight red controlled plant growth cabinets (Model BK 5060 fluorescent (Philips T~ 20 W 118) and eight white EL, W.C. Heraeus GmbH, W. Germany) or incandescenttubes (Philips Philinea 6276x 60 W), chambers (Enviratrol, Conviron, Canada), where respectively, filtered through either one red (501) in all casestemperature was kept constant within or one red (501) and two blue (627) sheets of :to.5 °c. The growth chambers (experiments of Plexiglas filters, 3 mtn thick each (R6hm GmbH, . i t !...;e c 51 g E- ... '"Q; ",. "0 c i;: . 15 25 Temperature(OC) FIG. I. Final germination of G/auciumflavum seedsas a function of temperature. Seedswere tested: untreated (.), illuminated with a short (15 mins red light (0) and stratified for 20 d (.). The R illumination was given 8,4 and 4 h after onset of imbibition at 20, 25 and 30 °C, respectively. Vertical bars, 2 s.e. The circles enclose the corresponding 7:;0 values. Thanoset al.-Glaucium flavum Seed Germination 123 100 ~ 60 c .2 [; c E ~ co g 40 - i:L: . DC J . 2 3 I Time after anset af imbibitian (d) FIG. 2. Final seed germination of Glauciumflavum in response to a short (15 mins) red irradiation given after various periods of time from the onset of imbibition, at 20 and 25 °C (curves A and 8, respectively). DC, corresponding dark controls, vertical bars, 2 s.e. W. Germany). Total fluence rates at the regions 400-750 nm, for an overcast or a sunny day, 600-725 and 675-750 nm was 2 and 4 W m-2, respectively). The pots were subjected only to respectively. All manipulations of imbibed seeds natural fluctuations of environmental factors and were carried out under a dim green safelight (one the seedlingsemerging from the surfaceof the sand green fluorescent tube F l5T8.G.6, 15 W Green- were counted (and subsequently removed) twice Photo, General Electric; two sheets of Plexiglas per week. At the same dates the minimum and filter, 3 mm thick each, one red orange, 478, and maximum air temperature as well as rainfall were one green, 700, Rohm GmbH, W. Germany; also recorded. emission at 525-575 nm, maximum at 550 nm, total flu~nce rate I? mW ~-2). Total fluence rates RESUL TS were estImated by IntegratIng the spectral fluence rate curves constructed after the measurements The germinability of G. fiavum seedsat various taken with a spectroradiometer (ISCO SR, temperaturesis shown in Fig. 1. Dark germination USA). was restricted to temperaturesbelow 20 °C, where For the experiment describedin Fig. 4, 30 small it occurred at a very slow pace, especiallyat 5 °C. plastic pots (height 10 Cffi, diameter 8-9 cm) were Both a short red light (R) and a 20 d chilling pre- . filled (up to 8 ClT.from the bottom) with dry sea treatmentconsiderably expanded the temperature sand. The majority of the sand particles had a range of germination (by about 5 and 15 °c, diameter of 0.02-0.5 mm, the rest being consider- respectively). When a short (30 min) pulse of ably larger (0.5-2 mm); on wetting, the sand diffuse daylight was given, instead of the R one, a compacted to about 90 % of its initial volume. In significant promotion of germination at 20 and each pot, 25 seedshad been previously buried at 25 °c was also obtained (data not shown), though various depths (0, 0.5, 1,2,4 and 6 cm), eachdepth the effect was reduced in comparison to the representedby five pots. The pots were established corresponding R light pulse. on bare ground, in a well-protected place outdoors When the seeds were imbibed in mannitol and received only diffuse daylight (the maximum solutions at 15 °c, in darkness, a significant value of which ranged from 15 to 30 W m-2, at decrease of germinability was observed as a 124 Thanoset al.--Glaucium flavum SeedGermination 100 0 ~;e 60 c: 0 + ~c: 'E ~ 0- g 40 ii: . 20 6 0 Stratification(d) FIG. 3. The photosensitivity of stratified Glauciumflavum seedsat 20 A or 25 °C B: Final germination was scored after various stratification periods and in responseto either a short (15 mins) red pulse (0) or a short red pulse followed by a short (15 mins) far-red one «».
Recommended publications
  • 3250 Ríos Mediterráneos De Caudal Permanente Con Glaucium Flavum
    1 PRESENTACIÓN 3250 RÍOS MEDITERRÁNEOS DE CAUDAL PERMANENTE CON GLAUCIUM FLAVUM COORDINADOR Manuel Toro AUTORES Manuel Toro, Santiago Robles e Inés Tejero 2 TIPOS DE HÁBITAT DE AGUA DULCE / 3250 RÍOS MEDITERRÁNEOS DE CAUDAL PERMANENTE CON GLAUCIUM FLAVUM Esta ficha forma parte de la publicación Bases ecológicas preliminares para la conservación de los tipos de hábitat de interés comunitario en España, promovida por la Dirección General de Medio Natural y Política Forestal (Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, y Medio Rural y Marino). Dirección técnica del proyecto Rafael Hidalgo. Realización y producción Coordinación general Elena Bermejo Bermejo y Francisco Melado Morillo. Coordinación técnica Juan Carlos Simón Zarzoso. Colaboradores Presentación general: Roberto Matellanes Ferreras y Ramón Martínez Torres. Edición: Cristina Hidalgo Romero, Juan Párbole Montes, Sara Mora Vicente, Rut Sánchez de Dios, Juan García Montero, Patricia Vera Bravo, Antonio José Gil Martínez y Patricia Navarro Huercio. Asesores: Íñigo Vázquez-Dodero Estevan y Ricardo García Moral. Diseño y maquetación Diseño y confección de la maqueta: Marta Munguía. Maquetación: Do-It, Soluciones Creativas. Agradecimientos A todos los participantes en la elaboración de las fichas por su esfuerzo, y especialmente a Antonio Camacho, Javier Gracia, Antonio Martínez Cortizas, Augusto Pérez Alberti y Fernando Valladares, por su especial dedicación y apoyo a la dirección y a la coordinación general y técnica del proyecto. Las opiniones que se expresan en esta obra son responsabilidad de los autores y no necesariamente de la Dirección General de Medio Natural y Política Forestal (Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, y Medio Rural y Marino). 3 La coordinación general del grupo 32 ha sido encargada a la siguiente institución Centro de Estudios y Experimentación de Obras Públicas Coordinador: Manuel Toro1.
    [Show full text]
  • Rare Plant Monitoring 2017
    RARE PLANT MONITORING 2017 Ajuga pyramidalis Ophrys insectifera © Zoe Devlin What is it? In 2017, we decided to carry out a small pilot scheme on rare plant monitoring. Where experienced plant recorders had submitted recent casual records of rare plants to the Centre, they were asked if they would be willing to visit their rare plant population once a year during its flowering period and to count the total number of individuals present. The response to the scheme from the small number of recorders contacted has been overwhelming positive and it has resulted in very valuable data being collected in 2017. Data on the rare plant location, the count and additional information about the site is submitted online through a dedicated web portal set up by the Data Centre. The project was discussed and agreed with the NPWS. It is framed around the 2016 Vascular Plant Red List and is mainly focused on monitoring vulnerable, near threatened and rare least concern species. Why is it important? When assessing the national FAST FACTS 2017 conservation status of very rare species according to IUCN Red List methodology, it is recommended that 37 you use annual population count data. That’s the total number of rare plant Given the numbers of rare plant populations that were monitored in the species a country might have, this 2017 pilot information can be difficult to collect in any volume. This citizen science project relies on the generosity of 22 expert volunteers to ‘keep an eye’ on That’s the number of rare plant species rare populations near them and to that were monitored in 2017 submit standardised count data once a year.
    [Show full text]
  • A Review of European Progress Towards the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation 2011-2020
    A review of European progress towards the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation 2011-2020 1 A review of European progress towards the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation 2011-2020 The geographical area of ‘Europe’ includes the forty seven countries of the Council of Europe and Belarus: Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Republic of Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Netherlands, North Macedonia, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom. Front Cover Image: Species rich meadow with Papaver paucifoliatum, Armenia, Anna Asatryan. Disclaimer: The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the copyright holders concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mentioning of specific companies or products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by PLANTA EUROPA or Plantlife International or preferred to others that are not mentioned – they are simply included as examples. All reasonable precautions have been taken by PLANTA EUROPA and Plantlife International to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall PLANTA EUROPA, Plantlife International or the authors be liable for any consequences whatsoever arising from its use.
    [Show full text]
  • 44 * Papaveraceae 1
    44 * PAPAVERACEAE 1 Dennis I Morris 2 Annual or perennial herbs, rarely shrubs, with latex generally present in tubes or sacs throughout the plants. Leaves alternate, exstipulate, entire or more often deeply lobed. Flowers often showy, solitary at the ends of the main and lateral branches, bisexual, actinomorphic, receptacle hypogynous or perigynous. Sepals 2–3(4), free or joined, caducous. Petals (0–)4–6(–12), free, imbricate and often crumpled in the bud. Stamens usually numerous, whorled. Carpels 2-many, joined, usually unilocular, with parietal placentae which project towards the centre and sometimes divide the ovary into several chambers, ovules numerous. Fruit usually a capsule opening by valves or pores. Seeds small with crested or small raphe or with aril, with endosperm. A family of about 25 genera and 200 species; cosmopolitan with the majority of species found in the temperate and subtropical regions of the northern hemisphere. 6 genera and 15 species naturalized in Australia; 4 genera and 9 species in Tasmania. Papaveraceae are placed in the Ranunculales. Fumariaceae (mostly temperate N Hemisphere, S Africa) and Pteridophyllaceae (Japan) are included in Papaveraceae by some authors: here they are retained as separate families (see Walsh & Norton 2007; Stevens 2007; & references cited therein). Synonymy: Eschscholziaceae. Key reference: Kiger (2007). External resources: accepted names with synonymy & distribution in Australia (APC); author & publication abbre- viations (IPNI); mapping (AVH, NVA); nomenclature (APNI, IPNI). 1. Fruit a globular or oblong capsule opening by pores just below the stigmas 2 1: Fruit a linear capsule opening lengthwise by valves 3 2. Stigmas joined to form a disk at the top of the ovary; style absent 1 Papaver 2: Stigmas on spreading branches borne on a short style 2 Argemone 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Fragrant Annuals Fragrant Annuals
    TheThe AmericanAmerican GARDENERGARDENER® TheThe MagazineMagazine ofof thethe AAmericanmerican HorticulturalHorticultural SocietySociety JanuaryJanuary // FebruaryFebruary 20112011 New Plants for 2011 Unusual Trees with Garden Potential The AHS’s River Farm: A Center of Horticulture Fragrant Annuals Legacies assume many forms hether making estate plans, considering W year-end giving, honoring a loved one or planting a tree, the legacies of tomorrow are created today. Please remember the American Horticultural Society when making your estate and charitable giving plans. Together we can leave a legacy of a greener, healthier, more beautiful America. For more information on including the AHS in your estate planning and charitable giving, or to make a gift to honor or remember a loved one, please contact Courtney Capstack at (703) 768-5700 ext. 127. Making America a Nation of Gardeners, a Land of Gardens contents Volume 90, Number 1 . January / February 2011 FEATURES DEPARTMENTS 5 NOTES FROM RIVER FARM 6 MEMBERS’ FORUM 8 NEWS FROM THE AHS 2011 Seed Exchange catalog online for AHS members, new AHS Travel Study Program destinations, AHS forms partnership with Northeast garden symposium, registration open for 10th annual America in Bloom Contest, 2011 EPCOT International Flower & Garden Festival, Colonial Williamsburg Garden Symposium, TGOA-MGCA garden photography competition opens. 40 GARDEN SOLUTIONS Plant expert Scott Aker offers a holistic approach to solving common problems. 42 HOMEGROWN HARVEST page 28 Easy-to-grow parsley. 44 GARDENER’S NOTEBOOK Enlightened ways to NEW PLANTS FOR 2011 BY JANE BERGER 12 control powdery mildew, Edible, compact, upright, and colorful are the themes of this beating bugs with plant year’s new plant introductions.
    [Show full text]
  • Notes on Some Species of the Genus Glaucium (Papaveraceae) in Iran
    Nova Biologica Reperta 3 (2): 167-176 (2016) 167/576 نکاتی در مورد چند گونه از سرده Glaucium )تیره شقایقیان( در ایران زهرا توکلی دریافت: 92/29/5921 / پذیرش: 5921/21/51 گروه علوم گیاهی، دانشکده علوم زیستی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران ایمیل: [email protected] چکیده. در راستای بازنگری جنس G. contortuplicatum var. hirsutum ،Glaucium به عنوان واریته جدید معرفی میگردد. این واریته با داشتن موهای خوابیده و متراکم در سراسر طول تخمدان )یا سیلیک جوان( از واریته تیپ جدا می شود. این دو آرایه براساس ویژگیهای اپیدرم برگ مقایسه شدند. در این مطالعه G. leiocarpum با G. flavum و G. elegans var. integerrima با G. elegans var. elegans مترادف می گردند. عﻻوه بر این، ویژگیهای ریختشناسی و پراکنش جغرافیایی آرایه های مطالعه شده در ایران و جهان بیان می شوند . واژههای کلیدی آرایهشناسی، آناتومی برگ، مترادفهای جدید، واریته جدید Notes on some species of the genus Glaucium (Papaveraceae) in Iran Zahra Tavakkoli Received: 18.05.2016 / Accepted: 04.07.2016 Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Postal Code 15719-14911, Tehran, Iran Email: [email protected] Abstract. During the taxonomic revision of the genus Glaucium, G. contortuplicatum var. hirsutum is described as a new variety. This taxon differs from the type variety by having dense and appressed trichomes all along ovary (or junior silique). Leaf epidermis micro-characters of these two taxa are also compared. G. leiocarpum and G. elegans var. integerrima are reduced to synonymy of G. flavum and G. elegans var. elegans, respectively. Additionally, morphological characters and geographical distribution of the taxa studied in the world and in Iran are presented.
    [Show full text]
  • An Encyclopedia of Shade Perennials This Page Intentionally Left Blank an Encyclopedia of Shade Perennials
    An Encyclopedia of Shade Perennials This page intentionally left blank An Encyclopedia of Shade Perennials W. George Schmid Timber Press Portland • Cambridge All photographs are by the author unless otherwise noted. Copyright © 2002 by W. George Schmid. All rights reserved. Published in 2002 by Timber Press, Inc. Timber Press The Haseltine Building 2 Station Road 133 S.W. Second Avenue, Suite 450 Swavesey Portland, Oregon 97204, U.S.A. Cambridge CB4 5QJ, U.K. ISBN 0-88192-549-7 Printed in Hong Kong Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Schmid, Wolfram George. An encyclopedia of shade perennials / W. George Schmid. p. cm. ISBN 0-88192-549-7 1. Perennials—Encyclopedias. 2. Shade-tolerant plants—Encyclopedias. I. Title. SB434 .S297 2002 635.9′32′03—dc21 2002020456 I dedicate this book to the greatest treasure in my life, my family: Hildegarde, my wife, friend, and supporter for over half a century, and my children, Michael, Henry, Hildegarde, Wilhelmina, and Siegfried, who with their mates have given us ten grandchildren whose eyes not only see but also appreciate nature’s riches. Their combined love and encouragement made this book possible. This page intentionally left blank Contents Foreword by Allan M. Armitage 9 Acknowledgments 10 Part 1. The Shady Garden 11 1. A Personal Outlook 13 2. Fated Shade 17 3. Practical Thoughts 27 4. Plants Assigned 45 Part 2. Perennials for the Shady Garden A–Z 55 Plant Sources 339 U.S. Department of Agriculture Hardiness Zone Map 342 Index of Plant Names 343 Color photographs follow page 176 7 This page intentionally left blank Foreword As I read George Schmid’s book, I am reminded that all gardeners are kindred in spirit and that— regardless of their roots or knowledge—the gardening they do and the gardens they create are always personal.
    [Show full text]
  • 2859A/B 50 L/150L Poppies Papaver Rhoeas Papaveraceae Fl a ANDORRA (Spanish) 2009, Jan
    Vol. 58 #4 107 ALBANIA 2008, July 30 (pair) 2859a/b 50 l/150l Poppies Papaver rhoeas Papaveraceae Fl A ANDORRA (Spanish) 2009, Jan. 17 346 32 c Daffodils Narcissus pseudonarcissus Amaryllidaceae Fl A ANTIGUA & BARBUDA 2009, Apr. 10 3034 $1.00 Peony Paeonia sp. Paeoniaceae Fl A ARGENTINA 2008, Sept. 20 2497 1 p Cherry blossoms Prunus sp. Rosaceae Fl B 2008, Sept. 27 2501 5 p Gerbera daisy, gardenia, rose Gerbera x hybrida, Gardenia sp. Rosa sp. Compositae, Rubiaceae, Rosaceae Fl A SS Z 2502 5 p Carnation, lily, delphinium Dianthus caryophyllus, Lilium auratum, Delphinium grandiflorum Caryophyllaceae, Liliaceae, Caryophyllaceae Fl A SS Z 2008, Oct. 25 2508 1 p Ceiba chodatii Bombacaceae Fl A 2509 1 p Lotus Nelumbo nucifera Nelumbaceae Fl A 2008, Dec. 13 2515 1p Forestry School 50th anniv: stylized tree T A S BAHAMAS 2009 Type of 2006, see Vol 56 #2 p55 1195B 15 c Yesterday, today & tomorrow Brunfelsia calcina Solanaceae Fl A 2009, Apr. 10 1280a-h 50 c Peonies Paeonia x hybrida Paeoniaceae Fl A MS Z BELGIUM 2009, Jan. 2 2348 1 (80c) Tulip Tulipa bakeri Liliaceae Fl A BOSNIA & HERZEGOVINA 2008, July 1 628 1.50 m Water lily Nymphaea alba Nymphaeaceae Fl A 2008, Dec. 6 638 70 c Douglas fir Pseudotsuga menziesi Pinaceae T F A 639 70 c Birch Betula pendula Betulaceae T A 640 70 c Cypress Cupressus sempervirens Cupressaceae T F A BOSNIA & HERZEGOVINA (Croat) 2008, Nov. 1 200 60 pf Potato tubers and plants Solanum tuberosum Solanaceae V A 201 5 m Potato flower Solanum tuberosum Solanaceae Fl A SS Vol.
    [Show full text]
  • Neuroprotective Effects of Rutin and Quercetin Flavonoids in Glaucium Corniculatum Methanol and Water Extracts
    Int. J. Sec. Metabolite, Vol. 4: 3 (2017) pp. 85-93 Special Issue 1: Research Article ISSN: 2148-6905 online Journal homepage: http://www.ijate.net/index.php/ijsm Neuroprotective Effects of Rutin and Quercetin Flavonoids in Glaucium corniculatum Methanol and Water Extracts Fatma Gonca KOÇANCI*1, Buket HAMAMCIOĞLU1, Belma ASLIM1 1Gazi University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Ankara Received: 04 May 2017 – Revised: 09 June 2017 - Accepted: 03 August 2017 Abstract: Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are characterized by loss of neurons. NDs are associated with development of inflammation. Existing drugs against NDs only delay the progression; however, they do not provide a cure. The studies for the treatment of NDs focused on to discover natural products that have the potential of anti-inhibition and anti-radical properties. The Papaveraceae family members are important for the synthesis of pharmaceutically compounds such as flavonoids which act like anti-inflammatory drugs. In this study, methanol and water extracts of Glaucium corniculatum, a member of the Papaveraceae family, were analysed for flavonoid compounds. The effects of extracts on neuronal PC12 cells viability was determined. The anti-inflammatory effects of extracts were assessed by measuring the levels of IL-6 and IL-10 cytokines on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)- stimulated PC12 cells. As a result of our studies, Rutin and Quercetin flavonoids have been found to be as major. The amount of Rutin was higher in methanol (45 μg/ml) than water (41 μg/ml). Quercetin was better extracted with methanol (12 μg/ml) than water (10 μg/ml). None of the tested extracts were cytotoxic even to PC12 cells.
    [Show full text]
  • ITALY: COUNTRY REPORT to the FAO INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE on PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES (Leipzig 1996)
    ITALY: COUNTRY REPORT TO THE FAO INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE ON PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES (Leipzig 1996) Prepared by: Minister of Agricultural, Food and Forestal Resources Collaborators: Carlo Fideghelli Rome, July 1995 ITALY country report 2 Note by FAO This Country Report has been prepared by the national authorities in the context of the preparatory process for the FAO International Technical Conference on Plant Genetic Resources, Leipzig, Germany, 17-23 June 1996. The Report is being made available by FAO as requested by the International Technical Conference. However, the report is solely the responsibility of the national authorities. The information in this report has not been verified by FAO, and the opinions expressed do not necessarily represent the views or policy of FAO. The designations employed and the presentation of the material and maps in this document do not imply the expression of any option whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. ITALY country report 3 Table of contents CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO ITALY AND ITS AGRICULTURAL SECTOR 5 1.1 FOREIGN TRADE 8 1.2 FARMS AND FARM AREA 9 CHAPTER 2 INDIGENOUS PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES 10 2.1 CEREALS 10 2.2 WOODY CROPS 13 2.3 CROPS FOR PROCESSING 15 2.4 VEGETABLE 16 2.5 ORNAMENTAL, AROMATIC, MEDICINAL 17 2.6 FORAGE PLANTS 18 CHAPTER 3 NATIONAL CONSERVATION ACTIVITIES 21 3.1 CEREALS 22 3.2 WOODY
    [Show full text]
  • Phenotype of Some Micromorfology of Some Papaveraceae Species Expressed As Protective Seminal Layer
    PHENOTYPE OF SOME MICROMORFOLOGY OF SOME PAPAVERACEAE SPECIES EXPRESSED AS PROTECTIVE SEMINAL LAYER CLAUDIA VORNICEANU, NAELA COSTICĂ, ION I. BĂRA Abstract: The present paper represents a contribution to the identification of new descriptive criteria and to the detection of the micromorphological specificity of the testa’s epidermal cells at the seeds that belong to the following four Papaveraceae: Chelidonium majus L., Glaucium flavum Cr., Papaver rhoeas L. úi Papaver somnifemm L. Key words: Papaveraceae, seeds, testa, epidermis, micromorphological specificity INTRODUCTION The morphology and the seed structure of Papaveraceae are detailed in classical botanical and vegetal anatomy studies /1,4,5/. With references to the seminal layer, a conclusion came up together with the application of the scanning electronic microscopy in the seed issued researches: the description of the layer micromorphology is useful in taxonomy, allowing some evolutionary interpretations, too. Moreover, the research of the fossil seed’s micromorphology benefits of a high interest (Boulter, 1986, cf. Barthlott, 1981 / 3 /. The descriptive terminology for the micromorphological diversity of the epicuticular structures was set up by Metcalfe, Chalk (1979) and Barthlott (1981) /cf. 3/. In the micromorphological analysis, a special attention is granted to the cuticle. Up to present, there were elucidated a series of details regarding: its structure and chemical composition (Bowen and Walton, 1988; Riederer úi Schonherr, 1988), water permeability (Becker et al. 1986,) and its sorption properties (Riederer and Schonherr 1986; Schonherr and Riederer, 1986 /2/. In the specialized literature, the seed’s examination at Papaveraceae is scarcely broached. Disparate information regarding this issue is presented with the occasion of studying some particularities of the capsule’s differentiations and re-differentiations, at some species of Papaveraceae /7/.
    [Show full text]
  • Crops of European Origin 35
    CROPS OF EUROPEAN ORIGIN 35 Crops of European origin K. Hammer1 and M. Spahillari2 1 University of Kassel, Steinstrasse 11, 37213 Witzenhausen, Germany 2 Former Address: Enti Shteteror i Farave, Banka Gjenetike, Tirana, Albania 2 Present address: 06466 Gatersleben, Liebigweg 5, Germany Introduction Europe is not usually considered a cradle of agriculture and horticulture, but it has a wealth of plant genetic resources (Hammer & Schlosser 1995). Whereas the major crops have been introduced from the Southeast, minor crops have been developed and domesticated in the area. There are only a few estimates available on the number of crop plants in Europe. Hammer (1999) estimated 500 crop plants on the basis of 7000 crop plants worldwide and other data. However, there is no inventory enumerating the relevant species. Materials and methods Schlosser et al. (1991) compiled the useful plants list from the list of wild plants of middle Europe (Ehrendorfer 1973). Using Schlosser et al. (1991) as a reference, information about the cultivated species was obtained. Nine groups of use have been considered as indicated in Table 1. The species have been classified according to their main use. Ornamental plants, ornamental and lawn grasses (O); woody plants for wind breaks, soil erosion control or ornament (W); and forest trees (F) have not been considered in the groups of main use. The cultivation for one of the nine groups of use, regardless of time and location of cultivation, was taken as the principal criterion for the inclusion of a species in the list of European crops. Many species were cultivated in the past and some European plants became crops in other parts of the world.
    [Show full text]