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A Review of European Progress Towards the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation 2011-2020

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A review of European progress towards the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation 2011-2020 1 A review of European progress towards the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation 2011-2020 The geographical area of ‘Europe’ includes the forty seven countries of the Council of Europe and Belarus: Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Republic of Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Netherlands, North Macedonia, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom. Front Cover Image: Species rich meadow with Papaver paucifoliatum, Armenia, Anna Asatryan. Disclaimer: The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the copyright holders concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mentioning of specific companies or products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by PLANTA EUROPA or Plantlife International or preferred to others that are not mentioned – they are simply included as examples. All reasonable precautions have been taken by PLANTA EUROPA and Plantlife International to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall PLANTA EUROPA, Plantlife International or the authors be liable for any consequences whatsoever arising from its use. Published by 2020 in collaboration with XXXXXXXX Copyright © 2020, PLANTA EUROPA Citation: Pain, D.J., Bardin, Ph., Hutchinson, N., Pénzesné Kónya, E. & Krause, M. 2020. A review of European progress towards the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation 2011-2020. PLANTA EUROPA and Plantlife International, XXXpp. 2 Acknowledgements Anna Asatryan (Institute of Botany after A.L. Takhtajyan, National Academy of Sciences of Armenia) Anna Kuzemko (M.G.Kholodny Botany Institute, National Academy of Sciences, Ukraine) Arnaud Albert (Office Français de la Biodiversité, France) Arnaud Horellou (UMS PatriNat, OFB-CNRS-MNHN, France) Bengt Gunnar Jonsson (Mid Sweden University, Sweden & SCB Europe section) Baatvik Catarina Ferreira (UICN, Belgium) Claudia Perini (University of Siena-Italy) Constantino Bonomi (Museo delle Scienze, Trento-Italy & PLANTA EUROPA) Florian Kirchner (IUCN, France) Ion Roşca (Chisinau Botanical Garden, Republic of Moldova) Iva Obretenova (Bern Convention Secretariat-Council of Europe, France) Jérôme Millet (Office Français de la Biodiversité, France) Johan Gourvil (Office Français de la Biodiversité, France) Juan-Carlos Moreno Saiz (Universidad Autonóma de Madrid, Spain) László Papp (Botanical Garden of Eötvös Loránd University, Hungary) Maïté Delmas (National Museum of Natural History, France & Global Partnership for Plant Conservation) Mária Höhn (Szent István University, Hungary) Marko Sabovljevic (University of Belgrade-Serbia & ECCB) Mykyta Peregrym (Eszterházy Károly University, Hungary) Suzanne Sharrock (Botanic Gardens Conservation International) Sandra Malaval (Conservatoire botanique national des Pyrénées et de Midi-Pyrénées, France) Sophie Condé (European Topic Center, France) Thomas Hövelmann (Naturschutzbund Deutschland & PLANTA EUROPA) Photographers Anna Asatryan, Olivier Bardet, Philippe Bardin, Radia Dahmani, Sébastien Filoche, Erika Penzesné Kónya, Dave Lamacraft, Debbie Pain, Fabrice Perriat 3 Acronyms AEGIS A European Genebank Integrated System ASC - Aquaculture Stewardship Council ASSI - Areas of Special Scientific Interest (ASSIs) BGCI Botanic Gardens Conservation International BSBI The Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland CBD Convention on Biological Diversity CGIAR Formerly the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora COP Conference of the Parties CWR Crop Wild Relatives DAFM Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine (Ireland) EASIN The European Alien Species Information Network EBGC European Botanic Gardens Consortium ECCB European Committee for the Conservation of Bryophytes ECPGR European Cooperative Programme for Plant Genetic Resources ELC Ecogeographic Land Characterization EMA European Medicines Agency EPCS European Plant Conservation Strategy 2002-2007 EPPO European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization EPSO European Plant Science Organisation ERA Ecological Restoration Alliance of Botanic Gardens EPCS European Plant Conservation Strategy 2008 – 2014 EUNIS European Nature Information System EURISCO European Search Catalogue for Plant Genetic Resources EUTR European Union Timber Regulation FAO United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization FESPB Federation of European Societies of Plant Biology FLEGT Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade (EU) FSC Forest Stewardship Council 4 GBIF Global Biodiversity Information Facility GxMxE Genotype x Management x Environment GPPC Global Partnership for Plant Conservation GSPC Global Strategy for Plant Conservation HMPC Committee for Herbal Medicinal Products (EU) HNV High Nature Value (farmland) IAS Invasive Alien Species IASEG The Invasive Alien Species Expert Group IDMP Identification of Medicinal Products standard INERA Institut National des Etudes et Recherches Agronomique (Yangambi, DRC) INRA Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (France) – now INRAE, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement IPA Important Plant Area IPBES Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPLCs Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities IPSN International Plant Sentinel Network ISO International Standards Organisation ITPGRFA International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources IUCN SSC IUCN Species Survival Commission IWT Illegal Wildlife Trade LAAAF Law for the Future of Agriculture, Food and Forestry (France) LR Landraces MAPs Medicinal and Aromatic Plants MSB Millennium Seed Bank MNHN Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (France) MPNS Medicinal Plant Names Services MSC Marine Stewardship Council NBDC National Biodiversity Data Centre (Ireland) NDFs Non-detriment Findings (under CITES) 5 NEM Network Ecological Monitoring (The Netherlands) NDFF National Database Flora and Fauna (The Netherlands) NNSS Non-Native Species Secretariat (GB) PEBLDS Pan European Biological and Landscape Diversity Strategy PEEN Pan-European Ecological Network PEFC Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification PGRFA Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture PGRS Plant Genetic Resources Secure PMR Plant Micro-Reserves RBGE Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh SAC Special Area of Conservation SDGs Sustainable Development Goals SEBiCoP Spanish Society for Plant Conservation Biology SSSI Site of Special Scientific Interest (UK) SLOSS Single Large or Several Small (as applied to nature reserves) TEN-G. Trans-European Network for Green Infrastructure in Europe TENs Taxonomic Expert Networks TVB Trame Verte et Bleue (The Green and Blue Framework – France) UAA Utilised Agricultural Area UEBT Union for Ethical Biotrade UNECE United Nations Economic Commission for Europe WDPA World Database of Protected Areas 6 INDEX Foreword ................................................................................................................................................. 8 1. Executive summary ....................................................................................................................... 12 2. Background ................................................................................................................................... 16 3. The status of the world’s plants and threats to them .................................................................. 18 3.1. The status of the world’s plants ............................................................................................ 19 3.2. Threatened Plants in Europe ................................................................................................ 20 3.3. Key threats to plants ............................................................................................................. 22 3.3.1. Habitat loss and degradation (agriculture, forestry, urbanisation, fragmentation) ..... 22 3.3.2. Invasive Alien Species ................................................................................................... 25 3.3.3. Climate Change ............................................................................................................. 28 3.3.4. Emerging threats ........................................................................................................... 30 4. Development of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation ....................................................... 31 5. European Progress on delivering the targets of the GSPC 2011-2020 ......................................... 33 5.1. Methods ...................................................................................................................................
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