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Notes on Some Species of the Genus Glaucium (Papaveraceae) in Iran

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Notes on Some Species of the Genus Glaucium (Papaveraceae) in Iran Nova Biologica Reperta 3 (2): 167-176 (2016) 167/576 نکاتی در مورد چند گونه از سرده Glaucium )تیره شقایقیان( در ایران زهرا توکلی دریافت: 92/29/5921 / پذیرش: 5921/21/51 گروه علوم گیاهی، دانشکده علوم زیستی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران ایمیل: [email protected] چکیده. در راستای بازنگری جنس G. contortuplicatum var. hirsutum ،Glaucium به عنوان واریته جدید معرفی میگردد. این واریته با داشتن موهای خوابیده و متراکم در سراسر طول تخمدان )یا سیلیک جوان( از واریته تیپ جدا می شود. این دو آرایه براساس ویژگیهای اپیدرم برگ مقایسه شدند. در این مطالعه G. leiocarpum با G. flavum و G. elegans var. integerrima با G. elegans var. elegans مترادف می گردند. عﻻوه بر این، ویژگیهای ریختشناسی و پراکنش جغرافیایی آرایه های مطالعه شده در ایران و جهان بیان می شوند . واژههای کلیدی آرایهشناسی، آناتومی برگ، مترادفهای جدید، واریته جدید Notes on some species of the genus Glaucium (Papaveraceae) in Iran Zahra Tavakkoli Received: 18.05.2016 / Accepted: 04.07.2016 Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Postal Code 15719-14911, Tehran, Iran Email: [email protected] Abstract. During the taxonomic revision of the genus Glaucium, G. contortuplicatum var. hirsutum is described as a new variety. This taxon differs from the type variety by having dense and appressed trichomes all along ovary (or junior silique). Leaf epidermis micro-characters of these two taxa are also compared. G. leiocarpum and G. elegans var. integerrima are reduced to synonymy of G. flavum and G. elegans var. elegans, respectively. Additionally, morphological characters and geographical distribution of the taxa studied in the world and in Iran are presented. Keywords. leaf anatomy, new synonyms, new variety, taxonomy INTRODUCTION Downloaded from nbr.khu.ac.ir at 13:22 +0330 on Saturday September 25th 2021 [ DOI: 10.21859/acadpub.nbr.3.2.167 ] The Papaveraceae comprises three subfamilies: Chelidonoideae (including Glaucium and Dicra- Papaveroideae Ernst, Eschschozioideae Ernst and nostigma). Glaucium Miller consists of 23 species Chelidonoideae Ernst. The family is widely distri- worldwide (Kadereit, 1993) and 12 species in buted in temperate and subtropical regions of the Flora Iranica area (Cullen, 1966). The genus was Northern hemisphere, especially the Mediterrane- divided into 13 taxa in Iran (Cullen, 1966) an, western, central and eastern Asia and south including 11 species and two subspecies, while western parts of the USA, extending to north of the number of taxa was increased to 21 with 13 South America (Takhtajan, 2009). According to species, 6 sub species and two varieties by (Moba- the molecular studies of Hoot et al., (1997) Esch- yen,1985). scholzioideae is sister group to Papaveroideae and Of the species distributed in Iran, five species are Tavakkoli. Glaucium species in Iran 168/576 A D B Fig. 1. Photographs of Glaucium contortuplicatum var. hirsutum. A: scale bar = 2 cm; B: scale bar =7 cm. endemics: including G. contortuplicatum Boiss., This study is mainly based on specimens co- G. calycinum Boiss., G. elegantissimum Moba- llected in their flowering and fruiting stages from yen, G. mathiolifolium Mobayen and G. golestan- different parts of Iran and herbarium plant mater- icum Gran & Sharifnia (Mobayen, 1985; Gran & ials of TARI, FAR, T and IRAN. Observations Sharifnia, 2008). and relevant literature have been employed for ta- G. leiocarpum Boiss. was distiguished as a xonomic descriptions (Cullen, 1966; Mory, 1979; distinct species by Mory (1979), Cullen (1965), Mobayen, 1985; Boissiera, 1867). Mature leaves Mowat (1964) and Mobayen (1985), whereas Cu- were selected and preserved in glycerin-ethanol llen (1966) reduced it as the synonym of G. (1:1) for about 72 hours, then transferred to 70% oxylobum Boiss. & Buhse. ethanol. The epidermis of the leaves was removed Mobayen (1985) described G. elegans by the from the midlamina part of adaxial and abaxial Downloaded from nbr.khu.ac.ir at 13:22 +0330 on Saturday September 25th 2021 [ DOI: 10.21859/acadpub.nbr.3.2.167 ] variety integerrima whereas this species is divi- surfaces and after being stained with 0.1% fushin, ded into one subspecies and two varieties from the samples were mounted in glycerin jelly. Iran by Mory (1979), i.e. G. elegans subsp. eleg- The slides were observed by means of Jenus li- ans var. elegans and var. bornmulleri Fedde. ght microscope at ×400 magnification and more Parsa (1986) and Fedde (1909) introduced this than sixty epidermis photos were taken with a Ni- species only with var. bornmulleri. kon digital camera. For SEM investigations, secti- The present study aims to describe a new var- ons were transferred to stubs, coated with gold for iety of G. contortuplicatum and investigate the ta- 5-6 minutes and photographed with xl-30 SEM. xonomic status of G. leiocarpum and G. elegans The terminology of epicuticular waxes and stoma- var. integerrima. tal types follows Barthlott at al. )1998) and that of Van Cotthem (1970), respectively. MATERIAL AND METHODS Nova Biologica Reperta 3 (2): 167-176 (2016) 169/572 Fig. 2. Photographs of junior silique. A: G. contortuplicatum var. hirsutum; B: var. contortuplicatum. scale bar = 1 mm. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Taxonomy G. contortuplicatum var. hirsutum Tavakkoli & rather dense hairs, lyrate-pinnatisect to pinnatipa- Assadi var. nov. (Fig. 1). rtite; the lower segments ovate or triangular, enti- re, acute; the upper segments broad oblong to ell- Type. Iran. Gilan: Qazvin Rasht road, 95 km. iptic, dentate or pinnatifid; the terminal segment Rasht, 520 m, 27 June 2013, Tavakkoli 54331 Downloaded from nbr.khu.ac.ir at 13:22 +0330 on Saturday September 25th 2021 [ DOI: 10.21859/acadpub.nbr.3.2.167 ] broadly obovate, trilobed; lobes broad ovate or (holotypus FAR). oblong, entire or dentate, acute and with apical ha- Diagnose. This variety is distinguished by posses- irs; petioles 1-5 cm long, ribbed, hairy and broad- sing hairs all along junior silique, which are at the ened at the base; stem leaves 0.5-22×0.4-4 cm, se- apex in type variety (Fig. 2). We found the speci- ssile to semi-amplexicaule, glabrous or with scatt- mens of var. hirsutum together with type variety ered to rather dense hairs; the upper and middle in mixed population. leaves broad ovate, broadly oblong to obovate, Description. Biennial herbs, 12-50 cm high. St- entire, dentate to pinnatifid; the terminal segment ems green to purplish, glabrous or with sparsely trilobed; lobes triangular, acute and with apical crisp flattened hairs below, branching from lower hairs; the lower leaves similar to basal leaves. Bu- part; branches opposite and corymbose. Basal lea- ds 8-17×3.5-7 mm, narrow ovate; sepals glabrous ves 4.5-23 × 1-5 cm, with crisped and scatter to or covered with crisped and rather dense hairs. 170/562 Tavakkoli. Glaucium species in Iran Fig. 3. LM micrographs of leaf epidermis in Glaucium contortuplicatum. A, B: var. hirsutum; C, D: var. contortuplicatum. A, C: adaxial surface; B, D: abaxial surface. scale bars= 50 µm. Peduncle 2-6 cm long, hairy, erect, curved or June 2010, Tavakkoli 6366 (FAR) (Fig. 7). contorted; petals 8-18 × 7-17 mm, broadly obov- ate, yellow and orange at the lower part, dentate at Leaf anatomy The mean size of stomata of apical margin. Stamens shorter to longer than ova- adaxial surface is 46.48 (30.58-59.09)×34.15 ry; anthers 1-2 mm long, yellow, cylindrical to (26.14-44.84) µm in var. hirsutum and 48.23 oblong; filaments monotonic and slender, some- (35.28 -69.08) × 36.26 (26.39-51.62) µm in the times broadened at the lower part, gradually towa- type variety, whereas the mean size of stomata of rds the base, yellow and sometimes purple at the abaxial surface is 44.65 (32.44-74.23)×34.15 lower part. Junior silique covered with hair; hairs (24.05-51.73) µm in var. hirsutum and 42.74 0.13-0.82 mm long. Mature silique 6.5-18 cm lo- (27.71-61.59)×34 (24.43-51.4) µm in type variety. ng and 1.5-4 mm in diameter; with remote hairs, Both taxa have polygonum epidermal cells with torulose, contorted or strongly contorted; stigma straight-curved anticlinal walls on adaxial and 4-7 mm broad. abaxial surfaces. G. contortuplicatum var. hirsut- Downloaded from nbr.khu.ac.ir at 13:22 +0330 on Saturday September 25th 2021 [ DOI: 10.21859/acadpub.nbr.3.2.167 ] um has an average density of 53.53 and 69.65 per Phenology. Flowering and fruiting in late May to mm2 for upper and lower surfaces, respectively; early July. while it is 60.97 and 96.89 per square millimeter Distribution. Endemic. on adaxial and abaxial sides in type variety. Both taxa have stomatal types of anomocytic, aniso- Specimens seen. Iran. Gilan province: Manjil- cytic and brachyparacytic (Fig. 3). The cuticle of Aliabad, 550 m, 24 May 1973, Sabeti 14761 leaf in var. hirsutum is rugulate under SEM obser- (TARI); East Azarbayejan: Zanjan to Mianeh, 110 vations. It is covered with moderately granular km after Zanjan, 1150-1200 m, 9 July 1991, Jam- wax on the upper epidermis while rather dense zad et al. 70349 (TARI); Tehran province: Ghom, wax granules are observed on the cuticle of lower Venarch, Manganese mine, 1240 m, 26 epidermis (Fig. 4 A-D). Nova Biologica Reperta 3 (2): 167-176 (2016) 171/565 A B C D E F G H Fig. 4. SEM micrographs of leaf epidermis in Glaucium contortuplicatum. A-D: var. hirsutum; E-H: var. contortuplicatum. A, B, E, F: adaxial surface; C, D, G, H: abaxial surface. The cuticle surface of var. contortuplicatum on upper segments oblong, oblong to lanceolate, the upper epidermis has fine striations and the dentate or pinnatifid; lobes ovate or triangular, ac- cuticle surface on the lower surface is colliculate.
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