DOCSLIB.ORG

Diversity Patterns in the Steppe of Argentinean Southern Patagonia: Environmental Drivers and Impact of Grazing

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Diversity Patterns in the Steppe of Argentinean Southern Patagonia: Environmental Drivers and Impact of Grazing In: Steppe Ecosystems ISBN: 978-1-62808-298-2 Editors: M. B. Morales Prieto and J. Traba Diaz © 2013 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. The license for this PDF is unlimited except that no part of this digital document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted commercially in any form or by any means. The publisher has taken reasonable care in the preparation of this digital document, but makes no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assumes no responsibility for any errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of information contained herein. This digital document is sold with the clear understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering legal, medical or any other professional services. Chapter 4 DIVERSITY PATTERNS IN THE STEPPE OF ARGENTINEAN SOUTHERN PATAGONIA: ENVIRONMENTAL DRIVERS AND IMPACT OF GRAZING Pablo Luis Peri,1,2, María Vanessa Lencinas,3 Guillermo Martínez Pastur,3 Grant W. Wardell-Johnson4 2 and Romina Lasagno 1Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral (UNPA)-CONICET, Río Gallegos, Santa Cruz, Argentina 2Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Argentina 3Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC) – CONICET, Argentina 4Curtin Institute for Biodiversity and Climate, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia ABSTRACT The steppe ecosystem, mainly characterised by the presence of tussock, short grasses and shrubs, covers 85% of the total area in Santa Cruz Province and 25% in Tierra del Fuego Island. Most of the land in the Patagonian region has been influenced by domestic livestock grazing for more than 100 years. This has led to a substantial modification of the ecosystem and the original floristic patterns. Erosion and degradation processes have occurred in several areas of Patagonia mainly due to an overestimation of the carrying capacity of these rangelands. In this chapter we review patterns of plant and insect diversity in relation to environmental drivers and grazing impact in the steppe of Argentinian South Patagonia. In Santa Cruz, results from 141 sites indicated significant interactions between grazing and the abiotic environment (mainly water avalilability) on plant diversity. The Corresponding author: Pablo Luis Peri. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral (UNPA)-CONICET- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). CC 332 (CP 9400), Río Gallegos, Santa Cruz, Argentina. E-mail: [email protected]. 74 Pablo Luis Peri, María Vanessa Lencinas, Guillermo Martínez Pastur et al. complexity of these interactions indicated the need for examining patterns of species turnover at different spatial scales. Analysis of the steppe vegetation patterns from 113 sites along Tierra del Fuego Island demostrated differences related to geographical zones (North, Center, East and South), dominant vegetation types (grasslands, peatlands or shrublands) and disturbance impact (grazing, beavers or burned areas). Because insect diversity of Tierra del Fuego steppes is poorly known, coleopterans were selected as potential indicators of biodiversity using pitfalls traps in the same vegetation survey sites. We found significant changes in ground-active beetle assemblages generated by grazing and livestock activities, both in grassland, peatlands and shrublands. Therefore, this group of insects could be useful indicators of biodiversity conservation and ecosystem management. Keywords: Floristic patterns; grassland; insect diversity; peatlands; plant diversity; shrublands; species richness; water availability INTRODUCTION Argentinian southern Patagonia includes Santa Cruz and Tierra del Fuego Provinces. Santa Cruz Province has an area of 243,943 km2 and extends from latitudes 46º to 52º30’S. Tierra del Fuego Province includes many islands of varied size and the Argentine Antartic Sector. The main island has an area of 20,180 km2, and extends between 52° and 56° S. In Santa Cruz, there are three main ecosystems: the Andes Mountains, the steppe and the valleys. Rainfall decreases from 800-1000 mm to 200 mm/year from west to east across the Andes Mountains, that act as an orographic barrier to moist winds coming from the west. In Santa Cruz, the native forest covers a narrow (100 km wide) and long (1000 km) strip of land. In Tierra del Fuego, the Andes Mountains decrease in height, and twist to the west. Therefore rainfall decreases from north to south, and forests occupy zones where the annual rainfall rises from 400 to 800 mm, south of the steppe. The southern beeches, lenga (Nothofagus pumilio), ñire (N. antarctica) and guindo (N. betuloides) are the dominant forest species in Argentinian southern Patagonia, covering 1,269,796 ha (535,889 ha in Santa Cruz and 733,907 ha in Tierra del Fuego Provinces). The steppe ecosystem, mainly characterised by the presence of tussock (Festuca, Stipa), short grasses (Poa, Carex) and shrubs, covers 85% of the total area in Santa Cruz and 25% in Tierra del Fuego. The vegetation physiognomy of the Santa Cruz and Tierra del Fuego steppes is illustrated by Figures 1 and 2, respectively. The main activity in this ecosystem is extensive sheep production, with stocking rates ranging from 0.13 to 0.75 heads ha-1 year-1. The average size of properties is 12,400 ha and the largest station is 179,000 ha. During the last 70 years, a degradation process of the steppe (desertification) has occurred in the central part of Santa Cruz and partialy in the north of Tierra del Fuego, resulting from a combination of overgrazing and drought. Grazing impacts have been particularly profound in high latitude environments such as Patagonia, which has led to substantial ecosystem modification, in particular a significant increase in bare areas and change from the original floristic patterns (Bisigato and Bertiller, 1997). Erosion and degradation processes have occurred in several areas of Patagonia due to an overestimation of the carrying capacity of these rangelands, inadequate distribution of animals in very large and heterogeneous paddocks, and year-long continuous grazing (Golluscio et al., 1998). There are Diversity Patterns in the Steppe of Argentinean Southern Patagonia 75 more than 6.5 million hectares affected by desertification (del Valle et al., 1995), where annual pasture production does not exceed 40 kg dry matter.ha-1. It has also been reported that grazing intensity on these extensively managed grasslands has affected ecosystem C levels. Peri (2011) reported that C stock in grasslands decreased from 130 Mg C. ha-1 under low grazing intensity (0.10 ewe ha-1 yr-1) to 50 Mg C.ha-1 at a heavy stocking rate (0.70 ewe ha-1 yr-1) mainly due to an decline in plant cover and C lost from soil (mainly the organic layer in increasingly bare areas) as a consequence of soil erosion by strong winds. There is some previous information about the distribution and physiognomic floristic description of the Patagonian flora at the regional, province and landscape level (Boelcke et al., 1985; Ares et al., 1990; León et al., 1998). The vegetation of continental Patagonia is in general low in plant cover (10-60%) and dominated by shrubs and perennial grasses (Bertiller and Bisigato, 1998). Precipitation decreases from the western mountains towards the east, and this distinct precipitation gradient substantially influences patterns of vegetation distribution (Jobbágy et al., 1995). Local edaphic and topographic variation in Patagonia is also correlated with local species turnover and structural patterns of vegetation (Soriano, 1983; Bisigato and Bertiller, 2004). Most of the floristic and structural inventories of Patagonian vegetation under different grazing regimes and disturbance intensities have been carried out in the extra- Andean regions such as the steppes of northern Patagonia (Ares et al., 1990; Beeskow et al., 1995; Bisigato and Bertiller, 1997; Aguiar and Sala, 1998). However, the influence of grazing disturbance on the floristic patterns of southern Patagonia remains limited, despite the vast area influenced by grazing. Also, these findings have to be interpreted with caution, as knowledge on interactions between grazing, environmental factors (edaphic and climatic variables) and vegetation type is negligible. An understanding of these interactions is, however, crucial for the design and implementation of viable management options towards the conservation of rangeland biodiversity and function (Ciblis and Coughenour, 2001; Golluscio et al., 1999). In this chapter we review observed patterns of diversity in the steppe of South Patagonia in relation to environmental drivers and grazing impact. Specifically, we present observational data of vegetation diversity in both Santa Cruz and Tierra del Fuego, highlighting the influence of grazing on plant diversity in Santa Cruz and on plant and insect diversity in Tierra del Fuego. PLANT DIVERSITY There are 1,378 vascular plant species recorded from arid and semi-arid Patagonia (Correa, 1971), mainly represented by angiosperms, of which around 30% are endemic and 340 are exotic. Sheep grazing has been shown to reduce vascular plant diversity in several Patagonian ecosystems, both by promoting local extinction of preferred forage plants and by altering the relative abundance of species in the grazed plant communities (Aguiar and Sala, 1998; Bertiller and Bisigato, 1998). Soriano et al. (1995) assembled a list of 76 endangered species in Patagonia, of which a quarter are grasses, under heavy grazing conditions. There are
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Evolution of the Brazilian Phytogeography Classification Systems: Implications for Biodiversity Conservation
    Ciência e Cultura 51(5/6): 331-348, 1999. Evolution of the Brazilian phytogeography classification systems: implications for biodiversity conservation. JOLY, C.A.1; AIDAR, M.P.M.2;KLINK, C.A.3; McGRATH, D.G.4,5; MOREIRA, A. G.6; MOUTINHO, P.5; NEPSTAD, D.C.5,7; OLIVEIRA, A. A.8; POTT, A.9; RODAL, M.J.N.10 & SAMPAIO, E.V.S.B.11 1 Depto. Botânica, IB, UNICAMP, CP 6109, 13083-970, Campinas, SP (mailto:[email protected]) 2 Seção de Fisiologia e Bioquímica de Plantas, Instituto de Botânica, CP 4005, 01061-970, São Paulo, SP ([email protected])([email protected]) 3 Depto. de Ecologia, Universidade de Brasilia, C.P. 04631, 70919-970, Brasilia, DF. ([email protected]) 4 Núcleo de Altos Estudos Amazônicos, UFPa, Campus Guamá, 66075-970, Belém, PA. 5 Instituto de Pesquisa Ambiental da Amazônia, Trav. Enéias Pinheiro, 1426, Marco, 66095-100 Belém, PA. ([email protected])([email protected]) 6The Woods Hole Research Center &Instituto de Pesquisa Ambiental da Amazônia, SCLN 210, bloco C, sala 209, 70865-530, Brasilia, DF ([email protected]) 7The Woods Hole Research Center, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA. 8Universidade de São Paulo, USP, Instituto de Biociências, Ecologia. Rua Matão 321, trav. 14.05008-900. São Paulo, SP. 9Centro de Pesquisa Agropecuária do Pantanal, EMBRAPA, R. 21 de Setembro, 1880 , 79.320-900, Corumbá, MS (mailto:[email protected]) 10Departamento de Energia Nuclear, UFPE, Av. Prof. Luís Freire 1000, 50740-540, Recife, PE ([email protected]) 11Departamento de Biologia, UFRPE, R.
    [Show full text]
  • Phytophthora Ramorum Sudden Oak Death Pathogen
    NAME OF SPECIES: Phytophthora ramorum Sudden Oak Death pathogen Synonyms: Common Name: Sudden Oak Death pathogen A. CURRENT STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION I. In Wisconsin? 1. YES NO X 2. Abundance: 3. Geographic Range: 4. Habitat Invaded: 5. Historical Status and Rate of Spread in Wisconsin: 6. Proportion of potential range occupied: II. Invasive in Similar Climate YES NO X Zones United States: In 14 coastal California Counties and in Curry County, Oregon. In nursery in Washington. Canada: Nursery in British Columbia. Europe: Germany, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Poland, Spain, France, Belgium, and Sweden. III. Invasive in Similar Habitat YES X NO Types IV. Habitat Affected 1. Habitat affected: this disease thrives in cool, wet climates including areas in coastal California within the fog belt or in low- lying forested areas along stream beds and other bodies of water. Oaks associated with understory species that are susceptible to foliar infections are at higher risk of becoming infected. 2. Host plants: Forty-five hosts are regulated for this disease. These hosts have been found naturally infected by P. ramorum and have had Koch’s postulates completed, reviewed and accepted. Approximately fifty-nine species are associated with Phytophthora ramorum. These species are found naturally infected; P. ramorum has been cultured or detected with PCR but Koch’s postulates have not been completed or documented and reviewed. Northern red oak (Quercus rubra) is considered an associated host. See end of document for complete list of plant hosts. National Risk Model and Map shows susceptible forest types in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversification History of Adesmia Ser. Psoraleoides
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector South African Journal of Botany 89 (2013) 257–264 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect South African Journal of Botany journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/sajb Diversification history of Adesmia ser. psoraleoides (Leguminosae): Evolutionary processes and the colonization of the southern Brazilian highland grasslands J.R.V. Iganci a,⁎, S.T.S. Miotto b, T.T. Souza-Chies b, T.E. Särkinen c, B.B. Simpson d, M.F. Simon e, R.T. Pennington f a Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário de Curitibanos, Caixa Postal 101, Rod. Ulysses Gaboardi, Km 3, 89520-000 Curitibanos, SC, Brazil b Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Prédio 43433, Bloco 4, Sala 214, Campus do Vale, Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brazil c Department of Botany, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK d Department of Botany, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78713, United States e Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, PqEB, Caixa Postal 02372, 70770-917 Brasília, DF, Brazil f Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Tropical Diversity Section, 20a Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, UK article info abstract Available online 22 July 2013 A molecular phylogeny is used to analyze the diversification history of Adesmia ser. psoraleoides, and its implica- tions for understanding the historical assembly of the grasslands in the highlands of southern Brazil. All species of Edited by B-E Van Wyk A. ser. psoraleoides were sampled, including multiple accessions for each species, plus representative species of the rest of Adesmia covering its geographic distribution.
    [Show full text]
  • A Chronology of Middle Missouri Plains Village Sites
    Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press smithsonian contributions to botany • n u m b e r 9 2 Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press TaxonomicA Chronology Revision of of the MiddleChiliotrichum Missouri Group Plains Villagesensu stricto Sites (Compositae: Astereae) By Craig M. Johnson Joséwith Mauricio contributions Bonifacino by Stanley A. Ahler, Herbert Haas, and Georges Bonani SERIES PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Emphasis upon publication as a means of “diffusing knowledge” was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian. In his formal plan for the Institution, Joseph Henry outlined a program that included the following statement: “It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge.” This theme of basic research has been adhered to through the years by thousands of titles issued in series publications under the Smithsonian imprint, com- mencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the following active series: Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology Smithsonian Contributions to Botany Smithsonian Contributions in History and Technology Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to Museum Conservation Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology In these series, the Institution publishes small papers and full-scale monographs that report on the research and collections of its various museums and bureaus. The Smithsonian Contributions Series are distributed via mailing lists to libraries, universities, and similar institu- tions throughout the world. Manuscripts submitted for series publication are received by the Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press from authors with direct affilia- tion with the various Smithsonian museums or bureaus and are subject to peer review and review for compliance with manuscript preparation guidelines.
    [Show full text]
  • Tasmannia Lanceolata
    ASPECTS OF LEAF AND EXTRACT PRODUCTION from Tasmannia lanceolata by Chris Read, B. Agr.Sc. Tas. Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Tasmania, Hobart December 1995 ' s~, ... ~~ \ ·'(11 a_C\14 \t\J. \I ' This thesis contains no material which has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma in any University, and to the best of my knowledge, contains no copy or paraphrase of material previously written or published by any other person except where due reference is given in the text. University of Tasmania HOBART March 1996 This thesis may be made available for loan and limited copying in accordance with the Copyright Act 1968 University of Tasmania HOBART March 1996 Abstract This thesis examines several aspects of the preparation, extraction and analysis of solvent soluble compounds from leaf material of Tasmannia lanceolata and reports a preliminary survey of extracts of some members of the natural population of the species in Tasmania. A major constituent of these extracts, polygodial, was shown to be stored within specialised idioblastic structures scattered throughout the mesophyll, and characterised by distinctive size and shape, and a thickened wall. The contents of these cells were sampled directly, analysed and compared with the composition of extracts derived from ground, dry whole leaf. This result was supported by spectroscopic analysis of undisturbed oil cells in whole leaf tissue. In a two year field trial, the progressive accumulation of a number of leaf extract constituents (linalool, cubebene, caryophyllene, germacrene D, bicyclogermacrene, cadina-1,4 - diene, aristolone and polygodial) during the growth flush was followed by a slow decline during the subsequent dormant season.
    [Show full text]
  • Shrub Thicket Establishment and Management
    HABITAT MANAGEMENT FACT SHEET Nebraska Pheasants Forever Shrub Thicket Establishment and Management January 2015 Establishing and Managing Shrub Thickets for Wildlife Shrubby cover is an essential part of weather. To accomplish this, the shrub the habitat planning process for bobwhite thicket should be a minimum size of quail, but can also be a useful addition for 1500 ft2 (30’ x 50’ block). To ensure the prairie grouse, pheasants, deer, or even thicket is dense enough to provide non-game species such as songbirds or adequate protection a 3’ x 3’ spacing is pollinators. Because of their small acre recommended. Avoid using multiple requirement, they are a minimal impact species within a thicket. Instead plant habitat addition that can find a place on multiple thickets each with a different The average shrub thicket planting is planted in any farm or ranch. species. a 30’ x 50’ block . Each shrub is planted on 3’x3’ spacing providing adequate density for escape Species Selection Location cover once established. Native shrubs such as American Consider locations in which you plum, chokecherry, elderberry, dogwood, could imagine a natural thicket sand cherry, silver buffaloberry, establishing: drainages, low areas and skunkbush sumac, common snowberry valleys are ideal. These lower areas tend and Wood’s rose are the most common to collect additional water and can help selections. Consider planting tall, keep thickets thriving during periods of suckering species (American plum, low rainfall. Avoid hilltops and potential chokecherry, etc.) for upland bird species lekking sites for prairie grouse. like ring-necked pheasants and northern Some species require more shrubby bobwhite quail.
    [Show full text]
  • A Classification of the Subtropical Transitional Thicket in the Eastern Cape, Based on Syntaxonomic and Structural Attributes
    S. Afr. J. Bot., 1987, 53(5): 329 - 340 329 A classification of the subtropical transitional thicket in the eastern Cape, based on syntaxonomic and structural attributes D.A. Everard Department of Plant Sciences, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140 Republic of South Africa Accepted 11 June 1987 Subtropical transitional thicket, traditionally known as valley bushveld, covers a significant proportion of the eastern Cape. This paper attempts to classify the subtropical transitional thicket into syntaxonomic and structural units and relate it to other thicket types on a continental basis. Twelve sites along a rainfall gradient were sampled for floristic and structural attributes. The floristic data were classified using TWINSPAN. Results indicate that the class subtropical transitional thicket has at least two orders of vegetation, namely kaffrarian thicket and kaffrarian succulent thicket. Two forms of thicket were recognized for both these orders viz. mesic kaffrarian thicket and xeric kaffrarian thicket for the kaffrarian thicket and mesic succulent thicket and xeric succulent thicket for the kaffrarian succulent thicket. Ordination of site data by DECORANA grouped sites according to these vegetation categories and in a sequence along axis 1 to which the rainfall gradient can be clearly related. Variation within the mesic kaffrarian thicket was however greater than between some of the other thicket types, indicating that more data are required before these forms of thicket can be formalized. Composition, endemism, diversity and the environmental controls on the distribution of the thicket types are discussed. 'n Aansienlike gedeelte van die Oos-Kaap word beslaan deur subtropiese oorgangsruigte, wat tradisioneel as valleibosveld bekend is. Hierdie studie is 'n poging om subtropiese oorgangsruigte in sintaksonomiese en strukturele eenhede te klassifiseer en dit op 'n kontinentale basis in verband met ander ruigtetipes te bring.
    [Show full text]
  • Outline of Angiosperm Phylogeny
    Outline of angiosperm phylogeny: orders, families, and representative genera with emphasis on Oregon native plants Priscilla Spears December 2013 The following listing gives an introduction to the phylogenetic classification of the flowering plants that has emerged in recent decades, and which is based on nucleic acid sequences as well as morphological and developmental data. This listing emphasizes temperate families of the Northern Hemisphere and is meant as an overview with examples of Oregon native plants. It includes many exotic genera that are grown in Oregon as ornamentals plus other plants of interest worldwide. The genera that are Oregon natives are printed in a blue font. Genera that are exotics are shown in black, however genera in blue may also contain non-native species. Names separated by a slash are alternatives or else the nomenclature is in flux. When several genera have the same common name, the names are separated by commas. The order of the family names is from the linear listing of families in the APG III report. For further information, see the references on the last page. Basal Angiosperms (ANITA grade) Amborellales Amborellaceae, sole family, the earliest branch of flowering plants, a shrub native to New Caledonia – Amborella Nymphaeales Hydatellaceae – aquatics from Australasia, previously classified as a grass Cabombaceae (water shield – Brasenia, fanwort – Cabomba) Nymphaeaceae (water lilies – Nymphaea; pond lilies – Nuphar) Austrobaileyales Schisandraceae (wild sarsaparilla, star vine – Schisandra; Japanese
    [Show full text]
  • Impact of Extreme Weather Events on Aboveground Net Primary Productivity and Sheep Production in the Magellan Region, Southernmost Chilean Patagonia
    geosciences Article Impact of Extreme Weather Events on Aboveground Net Primary Productivity and Sheep Production in the Magellan Region, Southernmost Chilean Patagonia Pamela Soto-Rogel 1,* , Juan-Carlos Aravena 2, Wolfgang Jens-Henrik Meier 1, Pamela Gross 3, Claudio Pérez 4, Álvaro González-Reyes 5 and Jussi Griessinger 1 1 Institute of Geography, Friedrich–Alexander-University of Erlangen–Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; [email protected] (W.J.-H.M.); [email protected] (J.G.) 2 Centro de Investigación Gaia Antártica, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas 6200000, Chile; [email protected] 3 Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero (SAG), Punta Arenas 6200000, Chile; [email protected] 4 Private Consultant, Punta Arenas 6200000, Chile; [email protected] 5 Hémera Centro de Observación de la Tierra, Escuela de Ingeniería Forestal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide 5750, Huechuraba, Santiago 8580745, Chile; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 28 June 2020; Accepted: 13 August 2020; Published: 16 August 2020 Abstract: Spatio-temporal patterns of climatic variability have effects on the environmental conditions of a given land territory and consequently determine the evolution of its productive activities. One of the most direct ways to evaluate this relationship is to measure the condition of the vegetation cover and land-use information. In southernmost South America there is a limited number of long-term studies on these matters, an incomplete network of weather stations and almost no database on ecosystems productivity. In the present work, we characterized the climate variability of the Magellan Region, southernmost Chilean Patagonia, for the last 34 years, studying key variables associated with one of its main economic sectors, sheep production, and evaluating the effect of extreme weather events on ecosystem productivity and sheep production.
    [Show full text]
  • Lições Das Interações Planta – Beija-Flor
    UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS INSTITUTO DE BIOLOGIA JÉFERSON BUGONI REDES PLANTA-POLINIZADOR NOS TRÓPICOS: LIÇÕES DAS INTERAÇÕES PLANTA – BEIJA-FLOR PLANT-POLLINATOR NETWORKS IN THE TROPICS: LESSONS FROM HUMMINGBIRD-PLANT INTERACTIONS CAMPINAS 2017 JÉFERSON BUGONI REDES PLANTA-POLINIZADOR NOS TRÓPICOS: LIÇÕES DAS INTERAÇÕES PLANTA – BEIJA-FLOR PLANT-POLLINATOR NETWORKS IN THE TROPICS: LESSONS FROM HUMMINGBIRD-PLANT INTERACTIONS Tese apresentada ao Instituto de Biologia da Universidade Estadual de Campinas como parte dos requisitos exigidos para a obtenção do Título de Doutor em Ecologia. Thesis presented to the Institute of Biology of the University of Campinas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor in Ecology. ESTE ARQUIVO DIGITAL CORRESPONDE À VERSÃO FINAL DA TESE DEFENDIDA PELO ALUNO JÉFERSON BUGONI E ORIENTADA PELA DRA. MARLIES SAZIMA. Orientadora: MARLIES SAZIMA Co-Orientador: BO DALSGAARD CAMPINAS 2017 Campinas, 17 de fevereiro de 2017. COMISSÃO EXAMINADORA Profa. Dra. Marlies Sazima Prof. Dr. Felipe Wanderley Amorim Prof. Dr. Thomas Michael Lewinsohn Profa. Dra. Marina Wolowski Torres Prof. Dr. Vinícius Lourenço Garcia de Brito Os membros da Comissão Examinadora acima assinaram a Ata de Defesa, que se encontra no processo de vida acadêmica do aluno. DEDICATÓRIA À minha família por me ensinar o amor à natureza e a natureza do amor. Ao povo brasileiro por financiar meus estudos desde sempre, fomentando assim meus sonhos. EPÍGRAFE “Understanding patterns in terms of the processes that produce them is the essence of science […]” Levin, S.A. (1992). The problem of pattern and scale in ecology. Ecology 73:1943–1967. AGRADECIMENTOS Manifestar a gratidão às tantas pessoas que fizeram parte direta ou indiretamente do processo que culmina nesta tese não é tarefa trivial.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethnobotanical Study of Medicinal Plants Used by the Andean People of Canta, Lima, Peru
    See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/266388116 Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by the Andean people of Canta, Lima, Peru Article in Journal of Ethnopharmacology · June 2007 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2006.11.018 CITATIONS READS 38 30 3 authors, including: Percy Amilcar Pollito University of São Paulo 56 PUBLICATIONS 136 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE All content following this page was uploaded by Percy Amilcar Pollito on 14 November 2014. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. All in-text references underlined in blue are added to the original document and are linked to publications on ResearchGate, letting you access and read them immediately. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 111 (2007) 284–294 Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by the Andean people of Canta, Lima, Peru Horacio De-la-Cruz a,∗, Graciela Vilcapoma b, Percy A. Zevallos c a Facultad de Ciencias Biol´ogicas, Universidad Pedro Ruiz Gallo, Lambayeque, Peru b Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Peru c Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Peru Received 14 June 2006; received in revised form 15 November 2006; accepted 19 November 2006 Available online 2 December 2006 Abstract A survey aiming to document medicinal plant uses was performed in Canta Province Lima Department, in the Peruvians Andes of Peru. Hundred and fifty people were interviewed. Enquiries and informal personal conversations were used to obtain information. Informants were men and women over 30 years old, who work in subsistence agriculture and cattle farming, as well as herbalist.
    [Show full text]
  • Adesmia Muricata LC Taxonomic Authority: (Jacq.) DC
    Adesmia muricata LC Taxonomic Authority: (Jacq.) DC. Global Assessment Regional Assessment Region: Global Endemic to region Synonyms Common Names Adesmia affinis Hook. f. Adesmia dentata (Lag.) DC. Adesmia gilliesii Hook. & Arn. Adesmia hedysaroide (Schrank) Hauman Adesmia muricata Gillies ex Hook. & Arn. Adesmia muricata Bertero ex Steud. Adesmia muricata va (Hook. f.) Burkart Adesmia muricata va Arechav. Adesmia muricata va Burkart Aeschynomene dent Lag. Hedysarum muricatu Jacq. Hedysarum pimpinelli Poir. Patagonium grandide Rusby Patagonium hedysar Schrank Patagonium muricatu (Jacq.) Kuntze Upper Level Taxonomy Kingdom: PLANTAE Phylum: TRACHEOPHYTA Class: MAGNOLIOPSIDA Order: FABALES Family: LEGUMINOSAE Lower Level Taxonomy Rank: Infra- rank name: Plant Hybrid Subpopulation: Authority: General Information Distribution Adesmia muricata has been collected from Argentina, Bolivia, Uruguay, Peru, Chile and Brazil. Range Size Elevation Biogeographic Realm Area of Occupancy: Upper limit: 1400 Afrotropical Extent of Occurrence: Lower limit: 0 Antarctic Map Status: Depth Australasian Upper limit: Neotropical Lower limit: Oceanian Depth Zones Palearctic Shallow photic Bathyl Hadal Indomalayan Photic Abyssal Nearctic Population There is currently no data available relating to the population size of this taxon. Total Population Size Minimum Population Size: Maximum Population Size: Habitat and Ecology This taxon has been found on sandy soils and beaches. System Movement pattern Crop Wild Relative Terrestrial Freshwater Nomadic Congregatory/Dispersive Is the species a wild relative of a crop? Marine Migratory Altitudinally migrant Growth From Definition Forb or Herb Biennial or perennial herbacaeous plant, also termed a Hemicryptophyte Threats This taxon is not considered to be subject to any major threats at present. Past Present Future 13 None Conservation Measures There are a number of protected areas within the species range, but seeds are yet to be collected and stored by a seed bank as a method of ex-situ conservation.
    [Show full text]