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Survey of the Scale Insects and Mealybugs Species and Its Associated Natural Enemies on Mango Trees in Different Governorates In

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Survey of the Scale Insects and Mealybugs Species and Its Associated Natural Enemies on Mango Trees in Different Governorates In Benha Journal of Applied Sciences (BJAS) print : ISSN 2356–9751 Vol.(2) Issue(2) Nov.(2017), 75-82 online : ISSN 2356–976x http:// bjas.bu.edu.eg Survey of the Scale Insects and Mealybugs Species and its Associated Natural Enemies on Mango Trees in Different Governorates in Egypt E.S.M.Amer1, M.ASalem2, M.E.H.Hanafy2 and N.Ahmed1 1Plant Protection Research Institute, A.R.C, Dokii, Giza, Egypt 2Plant Protection Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Ain shams Univ., Egypt E-Mail: [email protected] Abstract Studies on survey of scale insects and mealybugs infested mango trees and its associated parasitoids and predators were carried out at five governorates in Egypt during two successive years (2013- 2014 and 2014- 2015). The obtained results provided the occurrence of ten scale insects and mealybugs species found on mango trees. These species were Kilifia acuminata (Signoret), Ceroplastes floridensis Comstock, Aulacaspis tubercularis Newstead, Pulvinaria psidii (Maskell), Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell), Lepidosaphes pallidula (Maskell), Planococcus citri Risso, Icerya seychellarum (Westwood), Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) and Hemiberlesia lataniae (Signoret). Also, We recorded many species of parasitoids were associated with scale insects and mealybugs during two years of study. The parasitoids species were Metaphycus flavus (Haward), Habrolepis aspidioti( Compere & Annecke), Encarsia citrine Craw, Aphytis chrysomphali Mercet and Aphytis lepidosaphes Compere and we recorded several of predators were associated with scale insects and mealybugs, Rodalia cardinalis (Mulsant), Scymnus syriacus (Marseul), Exochomus flavipes (Thunberg) and Hemisarcoptes coccophagus (Meyer). Key words: Survey, Scale insects and mealybugs, Parasitoids and predators, Mango trees, Egypt. 1. Introduction for survey study during the period from January Mango Mangifera indica L. (Anacardiaceae) is 2013 to December 2014: one of the most widespread tropical fruits trees in 1. El- Fayoum (Sanhur). Egypt and came after citrus and grapes in terms of 2. Ismailia (Fayed- Kantrah-Shark- Al-Tall production, marketing and consumption. The alKabir). importance of this crop increase after yield [7]. In 3. Monoufia (Monof- Shibin-Elkoum). Egypt the total area cultivated with mango about 4. Qaliobiya(Benha- El-khanka- El- Qanater 209000 feddans. The fruiting area is 151000 alkhiria- Shebeen El-Qanater). feddans, producing 506000 ton fruits. [5]. Mango is 5. Sharqiya (Abou – Hammad- Belbais – being worldwide in distribution in the world, which Zagazig). produced in more than 100 countries throughout both tropical and the subtropical regions, where in Sampling methods many of these countries it is produced as an export Five mango trees which are almost similar in crop. [6]. Several insects infest mango trees such as size, age, shape, height (8- 10m) and vegetative Aulacaspis tubercularis which attack mango trees growth and also received the same horticultural at high level of infestations, causing considerable practices, were selected in each districts for carrying damages and consequently reduce mango out this study. Samples were taken through the year production as well as bring down the marketing randomly at bimonthly intervals. Sample size of 100 value and decreasing quantity and quality of leaves were randomly taken from each orchard fruits[3&8]. Heavy infestation of such pests cause represent the three highs of the trees and four defoliation and drought branches. Therefore, the directions, collected in polyethylene bags and present work was carried out to study of scale immediately transferred to laboratory for inspection insects and mealybugs and its associated natural by the aid of a stereoscopic microscope. Scale enemies infesting mango trees, in Egypt [9]. insects and mealybugs on the upper and lower surface of leaves were individually sorted into alive 2. Materials and methods crawlers, adult females and gravid females then A survey of scale insects and mealybugs species counted and recorded. The associated predators and infesting mango trees in five Governorates were parasitoids of scale insects and mealybugs, were also conducted throughout a period of two years from examined, identified and recorded. The scale insects January 2013 to December 2015. The selected were collected from the samples of infested leaves orchards for the present investigation did not receive were Aonidiella aurantii (Mask.) and Kilifia any chemical control treatments. The following 13 acuminata (Sign.) and Aulacaspis tubercularis districts at five Egyptian Governorates were chosen (Newsteed), Ceroplastes floridensis (Comstock), Coccus hespridum (Linnaeus), Lepidosaphes Benha Journal Of Applied Sciences, Vol.(2) Issue(2) Nov.(2017) 76 Survey of the scale Insects and Mealybugs Species and its Associated pallidula (Williams), Pulvinaria psidii (Maskell), Al-Tall alKabir districts during two successive Hemiberlesia lataniae (Signoret) and mealybugs, seasons 2013-2014 and 2014- 2015. As well as, Icerya seychellarum (Westwood), Planococcus citri Aphytis lepidosaphes Compere was recorded only at (Risso) and Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) were Fayed and Al-Tall alKabir during previous seasons put in glass jars and kept under 25-30°C and 65-70% of study. Three species of predators were recorded. R.H. for securing any emerging parasitoids. As well These predators are Rodalia cardinalis (Mulsant), as, Five species of parasitoids were associated with Scymnus syriacus (Marseul), Hemisarcoptes scale insects on mango leaves, these parasitoids coccophagus (Meyer) at Fayed, Kantrah-Shark and were, Aphytis chrysomphali, Aphytis lepidosaphes, Al-Tall alKabir districts during years 2013- 2014 Habrolepis aspidioti, Encarsia citrine and and 2014- 2015, showed in Table (3). While, Metaphycus flavus and five species of predators Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant and Coccinella were also recorded, these predators were Chilocorus undecimpunctata L. were recorded at Fayed and bipustulatus, Scymnus syriacus, Rodolia cardinalis, Chilocorus bipustulatus(Linnaeus) was only Chrysoperlla carnae and Hemisarcoptes recorded at Al-Tall alKabir districts during years coccophagus . 2013- 2014 and 2014- 2015. 3. Results and discussion 3.3 Monoufia governorate 3.1 Fayoum governorate Ten scale insects and mealybugs species were Data in Table (1) showed different scale insects recorded on mango trees during 2013-2014 at species and one mealybugs species were recorded Monoufia Governorate. These species are Kilifia on mango trees at Sanhur district during two seasons acuminata (Signoret), Aulacaspis tubercularis of study 2013- 2014 and 2014- 2015. These insects’ Newstead ,Pulvinaria psidii (Maskell), species were Kilifia acuminata (Signoret), Lepidosaphes pallidula (Maskell), Parlatoria oleae Ceroplastes floridensis Comstock, Coccus Colvee, Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell), Hemiberlesia hespridum Linnaeus, Aulacaspis tubercularis latania (Signoret), Icerya seychellarum (Westwood), Newstead, Lepidosaphes pallidula (Maskell), Planococcus citri Risso and Maconellicoccus Pulvinaria psidii (Maskell) and Icerya seychellarum hirsutus (Green), Table(1). (Westwood). The parasitoids species associated As well as, two species of parasitoids were scale insects on mango leaves, showed in (Table 2). recorded with scale insects on mango leaves. The These parasitoid are, Encarsia citrine Craw, Aphytis parasitoid species are Habrolepis aspidioti( lepidosaphes Compere, Habrolepis aspidioti ( Compere & Annecke), Aphytis chrysomphali Mercet Compere & Annecke) and metaphycus flavus at Monof and Shibin-Elkoum during two years of (Haward). As well as, Five predator species were study 2013-2014 and 2014- 2015. Encarsia citrine recorded at Sanhur during seasons 2013- 2014 and Craw and Aphytis lepidosaphes Compere were 2014- 2015. The predator species are Rodalia recorded only at Monof. Whereas, Metaphycus cardinalis (Mulsant), Cryptolaemus montrouzieri flavus (Haward) was recorded at Shibin-Elkoum Mulsant Exochomus flavipes (Thunberg), Chrysopa during two years of study 2013-2014 and 2014- sp. and Chrysoperlla carnae (Steph). 2015, Table (2). Also, Data on Table (3) showed that two species 3.2 Ismailia governorate of predators were recorded. These predators are Data in Table (1) reported that there were Rodalia cardinalis (Mulsant) and Chilocorus different scale insects and mealybugs species on bipustulatus (Linnaeus) were recorded at Monof and mango trees during 2013-2014 and 2014- 2015 at Shibin-Elkoum during seasons 2013-2014 and 2014- Ismailia Governorate. These species were Kilifia 2015 and Hemisarcoptes coccophagus (Meyer) was acuminata (Signoret), Ceroplastes floridensis recorded only at Shibin-Elkoum. Comstock, Aulacaspis tubercularis Newstead, Pulvinaria psidii (Maskell), Aonidiella aurantii 3.4 Qalyubla governorate (Maskell), Hemiberlesia lataniae (Signoret) and Data in Table (1) show the scale insects and Icerya seychellarum (Westwood) were recorded at mealybugs species were found on mango trees at Fayed, Kantrah-Shark and Al-Tall alKabir districts Qaliobiya Governorate during 2013- 2014 and during two successive seasons 2013-2014 and 2014- 2014- 2015, These insects are: Kilifia acuminata 2015. Meanwhile, Lepidosaphes pallidula (Signoret), Ceroplastes floridensis Comstock, (Maskell) was only recorded at Fayed district, at Al- Aulacaspis tubercularis Newstead, Pulvinaria Tall alKabir districts during two successive seasons psidii (Maskell), Lepidosaphes pallidula 2013-2014 and 2014- 2015. (Maskell), Parlatoria oleae Colvee, Three species
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