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i ii DRIVING DISUNITY The Business Council against Aboriginal community LINDY NOLAN SoE Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide iii Spirit of Eureka publications PO Box 612, Port Adelaide D.C., South Australia 5015 Published by Spirit of Eureka 2017 Copyright © 2017 by Lindy Nolan All rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronical, me- chanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the prior written per- mission of the publishers of this book. ISBN: 978-0-6481365-0-7 (paperback) 978-0-6481365-1-4 (e-pdf) Printed and bound in Australia by Bullprint, Unit 5, 175 Briens Road Northmead NSW 2152 spiritofeureka.org.au iv About the author Lindy Nolan is a former high school teacher, a union activist and advocate for public education. She served as Custodian and Executive member of the NSW Teachers Federation while remaining a classroom teacher. v Acknowledgements I approached researching and writing this booklet using a scientific method, try- ing to disprove an initial theory that, because profit driven corporations were becoming ever richer and more powerful, and had a terrible track record of tax avoidance, of environmental damage and of running roughshod over Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples, they were likely to be up to no good in Abo- riginal communities. I failed in this endeavour. The facts supporting the original theory speak for themselves. Some of the evidence comes from those who stand against the narrative that Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples themselves are responsible for the gap between their life expectancy, educational achievement, health and that of others on this continent. Their voices have grown louder in the decade since the Intervention and its cru- elly misnamed replacement, Stronger Futures. I wish to thank them for educat- ing me. Particular thanks go to the mob at Stop the Intervention Collective Syd- ney, who have never faltered in their determination to amplify those voices at ten years of events, allowing me and others to hear first-hand what Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples face day in day out. The names of many speakers at those events grace these pages, and I thank them. All those who read various drafts, corrected mistakes and pointed to omissions were my incredibly generous collective editorial committee: Lidia and Marjorie Thorpe, Marlene Hodder, Deni Liddle Langman, Tauto Sansbury, Ellie Gilbert, Bejam Dennis Walker, Rosalie and Amelia Pangarte Kunoth-Monks, Amala Groom and Jeff McMullen, Michael Willis and my Spirit of Eureka mob, and the crew I never met who checked for legals. I especially thank Cathy Gill for important sugges- tions and also for contacting people to ensure they had access to drafts. This booklet is far richer because of your input. Thank you too Al, who started me off by telling me to question my preconceptions. Finally, a huge thanks to Spirit of Eureka’s Richard Buckdale, without whose help my attempts to publish would have been thwarted. As for errors remaining after this process, the re- sponsibility is mine. To the Sovereign Peoples on whose land I live my life, thank you. Always was, always will be, Aboriginal Land. vi Contents Abbreviations.................................................................................................. viii Foreword ........................................................................................................... ix Corporations move in ........................................................................................ 1 The Jawun story ................................................................................................. 7 As the BCA sees fit ......................................................................................... 12 Darkinjung sells up .......................................................................................... 18 ‘Corporate Culture’.......................................................................................... 25 A politician's policy? ....................................................................................... 28 A peoples' movement? ..................................................................................... 34 Conservative blessings .................................................................................... 39 Pigs and lipstick ............................................................................................... 45 Fighting to be heard ......................................................................................... 48 We'll do this Aboriginal way ........................................................................... 53 This is Law ...................................................................................................... 58 Intervention stories .......................................................................................... 61 The Intervention land grab .............................................................................. 64 We're sitting right here till we get our land ..................................................... 70 Singing in chorus ............................................................................................. 75 Awash with money and power ........................................................................ 81 Two leaders ..................................................................................................... 83 Post Script ........................................................................................................ 85 Appendix ......................................................................................................... 88 Chapter Notes..………………………………………………………….........89 vii Abbreviations ATSIC Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission BCA Business Council of Australia BCG Boston Consulting Group CDEP Community Development Employment Projects CFMEU Construction, Forestry, Mining and Energy Union CLP Country Liberal Party EY Ernst and Young ILUA Indigenous Land Use Agreement LALC Local Aboriginal Land Council Law With a capital letter, it indicates traditional First Nations’ oral Law of the Land MOU Memorandum of Understanding NAB National Australia Bank NLC Northern Land Council PwC PricewaterhouseCoopers RA Reconciliation Australia RAP Reconciliation Action Plan SMH Sydney Morning Herald SOE Spirit of Eureka STICS Stop the Intervention Collective Sydney Treaty In this study, ‘Treaty’ is both plural and singular. It refers to treaties recognising sovereignty between First Nations Peoples themselves, and between First Nations Peoples and other groups, and eventually with government. Without a capital letter, it signifies an agreement that undermines sovereignty WMC Western Mining Corporation viii Foreword From the first days of British invasion Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples have resisted colonialism, theft and destruction of their cultures and law. The colonial era, up to the time of Federation in 1901, saw protracted frontier warfare over ownership of and access to the lands of the First Nations peoples. At no time was First Nations sovereignty ceded or surrendered to the invaders. In the post-Federation era, the struggle to retain sovereignty took on an indus- trial character, as Aboriginal workers confronted the big pastoral companies and Aboriginal communities fought off encroachment by mining companies. In 1946 more than 800 Aboriginal stockmen walked off 27 cattle stations across the Pilbara to demand equal pay and conditions with white workers. After a three-year strike, they won wage increases but not parity. The Aboriginal workers were ignored by the big corporations and mainstream politicians, but re- ceived substantial support from sections of the trade union movement, the Com- munist Party, some churches and progressive community groups. The Fremantle branch of the Seamen’s Union refused to allow ships to be loaded with the squat- ters’ wool. In 1963, the Yolngu people at Yirrkala in Arnhem Land launched a struggle to prevent the government granting control over part of their lands to the Swiss bauxite mining company, Nabalco. They sent a bark petition to Canberra de- manding recognition of their right to control their own lands. The fight was di- verted to the courts where it was eventually lost; the mine went ahead. In the same year, police in Queensland evicted the Mapoon people from their reserve and burnt their houses because the land on which it was placed was rich in bauxite. This time, the giant corporation pushing Aboriginal people off their land was Comalco, a multinational with majority British, French and US capital. The church running Mapoon Mission was complicit in the eviction, but support came from other churches, the Australian Union of Students, Community Aid Abroad and other left and progressive organisations and individuals. In 1974, Mapoon people returned to their lands and demanded control over them. In 1966, the Gurindji people working on British Lord Vestey’s Wave Hill cattle station in the Northern Territory walked off with their families in protest against wages and conditions and set up camp at nearby Daguragu. They stayed on ix strike, adding to their demands the return of their traditional lands. No big corporations came to their aid. Again, it was the Communists and the more militant sections of the trade unions which provided

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