Ion Mihai Pacepa (N
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Romanian Exiles During the Most-Favored-Nation Period, 1974-1988 ______
COLD WARRIORS IN THE AGE OF DÉTENTE AND DIFFERENTIATION: ROMANIAN EXILES DURING THE MOST-FAVORED-NATION PERIOD, 1974-1988 ____________________________________ A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of California State University, Fullerton ____________________________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts in History ____________________________________ By Maryam Morsali Sullivan Thesis Committee Approval: Robert McLain, Department of History, Chair Cora Granata, Department of History Bogdan Suceava, Department of Mathematics Spring Semester, 2017 ABSTRACT Throughout modern history, groups of people have emigrated without the ability to return home because of the regime in power. While living in exile, they form or join new communities. They also work to determine their role and relation to their host and home countries. This study focuses on the activities and culture of Romanian exiles in the West from 1974 to 1988. These were the years that the United States granted Most- Favored-Nation status to Nicolae Ceaușescu’s Romania. During this time, American foreign policy ranged from détente to differentiation. The culture of Romanian exiles during the Cold War developed into working to combat communism and lessen Romanian suffering, as well as serving as the voice of and preserving democratic Romania. Exiles never gave up hope that communism could be overthrown. When it became evident that their political activities could not achieve regime change, a group of Romanian exiles decided to diversify their goals. This included focusing on humanitarian aid and preserving Romanian democratic traditions. They allied with the neoconservative wing of the U.S. Congress that originated in the Democratic Party to focus more on humanitarian victories, raise awareness in the West of what they considered to be the truth about Romania, and find means to provide a threat to or weaken Ceaușescu. -
The Secret Roots of Liberation Theology by Ion Mihai Pacepa April
1 http://www.nationalreview.com/article/417383/secret-roots-liberation-theology The Secret Roots of Liberation Theology by Ion Mihai Pacepa April 23, 2015 4:00 PM History often repeats itself, and if you have lived two lives, as I have done, you have a good chance of seeing the reenactment with your own eyes. Liberation theology, of which not much has been heard for two decades, is back in the news. But what is not being mentioned is its origins. It was not invented by Latin American Catholics. It was developed by the KGB. The man who is now the head of the Russian Orthodox Church, Patriarch Kirill, secretly worked for the KGB under the code name “Mikhailov” and spent four decades promoting liberation theology, which we at the top of the Eastern European intelligence community nicknamed Christianized Marxism. Liberation theology has been generally understood to be a marriage of Marxism and Christianity. What has not been understood is that it was not the product of Christians who pursued Communism, but of Communists who pursued Christians. I described the birth of liberation theology in my book Disinformation, co-authored with Professor Ronald Rychlak. Its genesis was part of a highly classified Party/State Disinformation Program, formally approved in 1960 by KGB chairman Aleksandr Shelepin and Politburo member Aleksei Kirichenko, then the second in the party hierarchy after Nikita Khrushchev. In 1971, the KGB sent Kirill — who had just been elevated to the rank of archimandrite — to Geneva as emissary of the Russian Orthodox Church to the World Council of Churches. -
Resistance Through Literature in Romania (1945-1989)
DePaul University Via Sapientiae College of Liberal Arts & Social Sciences Theses and Dissertations College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences 11-2015 Resistance through literature in Romania (1945-1989) Olimpia I. Tudor Depaul University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://via.library.depaul.edu/etd Recommended Citation Tudor, Olimpia I., "Resistance through literature in Romania (1945-1989)" (2015). College of Liberal Arts & Social Sciences Theses and Dissertations. 199. https://via.library.depaul.edu/etd/199 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences at Via Sapientiae. It has been accepted for inclusion in College of Liberal Arts & Social Sciences Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Via Sapientiae. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Resistance through Literature in Romania (1945-1989) A Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts October, 2015 BY Olimpia I. Tudor Department of International Studies College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences DePaul University Chicago, Illinois Acknowledgements I am sincerely grateful to my thesis adviser, Dr. Shailja Sharma, PhD, for her endless patience and support during the development of this research. I wish to thank her for kindness and generosity in sharing her immense knowledge with me. Without her unconditional support, this thesis would not have been completed. Besides my adviser, I would like to extend my gratitude to Dr. Nila Ginger Hofman, PhD, and Professor Ted Anton who kindly agreed to be part of this project, encouraged and offered me different perspectives that helped me find my own way. -
November 22 1963 the Assassination of President John F. Kennedy A
November 22 1963 The Assassination of President John F. Kennedy A Lincoln City Libraries Booklist compiled on the 50th Anniversary of the Historic Events At 12:30 p.m. on November 22, 1963, while traveling in an open-air motorcade through Dealey Plaza in Dallas, Texas, John Fitzgerald Kennedy, the 35th President of the United States of America, was assassinated by gunfire from the Texas School Book Depository, alongside the presidential motorcade route. Arrested later that day was Lee Harvey Oswald, a former U.S. Marine who had defected to the Soviet Union and then returned to the U.S. in 1962. Arraigned for the murder of Kennedy and Dallas police office J.D. Tippit, Oswald himself was killed by Dallas night club owner Jack Ruby while he was being transferred between jails. An official governmental investigation into the assassination – the President’s Commission on the Assassination of John F. Kennedy, chaired by Earl Warren (Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States) – concluded in an 889-page report, released in September 1964, that Lee Harvey Oswald acted alone in shooting Kennedy, as did Ruby in later killing Oswald. Conspiracy theories have abounded in the decades following the Warren Commission’s findings, and numerous other investigations of the assassination have resulted in a variety of other “official” opinions. The United States House Select Committee on Assassinations, formed in 1976, released a report in 1979 that concluded that although Oswald was, indeed the “lone shooter”, there may very well have been a conspiracy behind his actions to assassinate Kennedy. -
FINAL REPORT International Commission on the Holocaust In
FINAL REPORT of the International Commission on the Holocaust in Romania Presented to Romanian President Ion Iliescu November 11, 2004 Bucharest, Romania NOTE: The English text of this Report is currently in preparation for publication. © International Commission on the Holocaust in Romania. All rights reserved. DISTORTION, NEGATIONISM, AND MINIMALIZATION OF THE HOLOCAUST IN POSTWAR ROMANIA Introduction This chapter reviews and analyzes the different forms of Holocaust distortion, denial, and minimalization in post-World War II Romania. It must be emphasized from the start that the analysis is based on the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum’s definition of the Holocaust, which Commission members accepted as authoritative soon after the Commission was established. This definition1 does not leave room for doubt about the state-organized participation of Romania in the genocide against the Jews, since during the Second World War, Romania was among those allies and a collaborators of Nazi Germany that had a systematic plan for the persecution and annihilation of the Jewish population living on territories under their unmitigated control. In Romania’s specific case, an additional “target-population” subjected to or destined for genocide was the Romany minority. This chapter will employ an adequate conceptualization, using both updated recent studies on the Holocaust in general and new interpretations concerning this genocide in particular. Insofar as the employed conceptualization is concerned, two terminological clarifications are in order. First, “distortion” refers to attempts to use historical research on the dimensions and significance of the Holocaust either to diminish its significance or to serve political and propagandistic purposes. Although its use is not strictly confined to the Communist era, the term “distortion” is generally employed in reference to that period, during which historical research was completely subjected to controls by the Communist Party’s political censorship. -
The KGB's Operation
June 30 – July 4, 2019, Jerusalem, Israel THE KGB’S OPERATION SIG: A 50-YEAR CAMPAIGN TO INCITE HATRED OF ISRAEL AND JEWS [RESEARCH IN PROGRESS] Eli Cohen* Informing Science Institute [email protected] Santa Rosa, CA, USA Elizabeth Boyd Informing Science Institute [email protected] Santa Rosa, CA, USA * Corresponding author ABSTRACT Aim/Purpose The paper explores the success of KGB Operation SIG to incite hatred for the purpose of overthrowing a democracy. Background About 50 years ago, the KGB created the means to create upheaval in the middle east. This paper explores one such campaign and reveals some disinformation techniques in use today. Methodology The paper brings together literature from many fields in its exploration of Opera- tion SIG. Contribution The paper reveals the role of the KGB in the PLO’s campaign to replace Israel with an Arab Muslim state Findings Operation SIG is an early and extremely successful example of the Sovi- et/Russian campaign to disrupt democracy. Impact on Society The recurrence of antisemitism, particularly on campus, can be attributed to Op- eration SIG. Keywords Operation SIG, disinformation, Israel, propaganda, bias, KGB, Nazi Received: May 5, 2019 │ Revised: May 13, 2019 │ Accepted: May 28, 2019. Cite as: Cohen, E., & Boyd, E. (2019). The KGB’s Operation SIG: A 50-year campaign to incite hatred of Isra- el and Jews [Research in Progress]. Proceedings of the Informing Science and Information Technology Education Conference, Jerusalem, Israel, pp. 35-70. Santa Rosa, CA: Informing Science Institute. https://doi.org/10.28945/4357 (CC BY-NC 4.0) This article is licensed to you under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. -
Fenomenul Radio Europa Liber
REHI 1 (2) 2014 Rzboi psihologic: fenomenul Radio Europa Liber ∗ Andreea-Iustina Tuzu ∗∗ Abstract: The aim of this paper is to present a less researched topic in Romania: the phenomenon Radio Free Europe (RFE), international radio station, which was founded in the late `40s by the National Committee for a Free Europe of the USA, under CIA auspices. On the one hand, it presents the general framework of the establishment and the mission of the RFE, and on the other hand, it customizes the discussion on the Romanian section of Radio Free Europe, on the structure, institutions, associations and international organizations that have supported its activity. The paper ends with the presentation of the methods used by the Romanian security to counter this activity. In other words, the paper highlights the importance of the establishment of this radio station, the role that it had during the Cold War and how the security services of the USSR and the Eastern European countries have tried to counteract its activity, and how in this context, the radio turned into a real „obsession” for them, and the proof consists of the plans made by them during the communist period. Keywords: Radio Free Europe, Cold War, communism, USA, USSR Înfiin area i misiunea postului de radio Europa Liber Înfiin area postului de radio Europa Liber s-a pus în discu ie într-un moment în care pe scena european aveau loc o serie de evenimente cu un puternic impact politic i economic: instaurarea regimului comunist în Europa r sritean i propaganda sovietic de la sfâr itul anilor ’40; blocada Berlinului; planul Marshall i apari ia Cortinei de Fier între Europa Occidental i Europa Central i de Est. -
Radio Free Europe in Paris
Radio Free Europe in Paris: the Paradoxes of an Ethereal Opposition by Ioana Macrea-Toma Submitted to Central European University Department of History In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Supervisor: Professor Constantin Iordachi Second Reader: Professor Istvan Rev CEU eTD Collection Budapest, Hungary 2008 Statement of copyright: “Copyright in the text of this thesis rests with the Author. Copies by any process, either in full or part may be made only in accordance with the instructions given by the Author and lodged in the Central European Library. Details may be obtained from the librarian. This page must form a part of any copies such made. Further copies made in accordance with such instructions may not be made without the written permission of the Author”. CEU eTD Collection i Abstract This paper explores, interprets and contributes to the studies regarding Radio Free Europe in a cold War context. By focusing on the Romanian Department of RFE and further on to Monica Lovinescu’s cultural broadcasts we intend to provide new insights about a type of cultural liberal advocacy framed by an international context and a local intellectual tradition. By resorting to communication theory, intellectual history and socio-history of intellectuals we will place Monica Lovinescu’s message within an intellectual historical interaction which is responsible for the establishment of a literary canon and for the present discourse about the past. A concentric contextualization will gradually introduce our case study, repositioning it into history after a classicized solemn locating it on a transcendental pedestal. The elements of novelty of our undertaking are multifold: it provides factual information about a phenomenon only personally evoked, it applies a complex set of theoretical methodologies and last, but not least, it uses a comparative comprehensive historical approach in order to discard ethical, Manichean or self-centered visions about the Communist period. -
WCAT Topic – S61- by Their Fruits You Shall Know
The Armor of Faith Topic Summary: By Their Fruits You Shall Know Them Part V: Tactics of the Wolves – Disinformation/Framing Public Domain Introduction [Greeting:] → Welcome to “The Armor of Faith,” a show where we hope to bring our listeners closer to the Word of God and the blessings we receive through living in the fullness of the Catholic faith. My name is Doug and I will be your host as we discuss the blessings of the Church Christ built upon Peter. I am joined today by my panel: [names] Helen is a lay-Dominican, which is also known as the Order of Preachers, and she, along with her husband Dan, are engaged in youth catechesis and music ministry at Saint Philip Benizi Catholic Mission in Cedaredge, Colorado. Sharon is our token cradle Catholic, and, as everyone by now knows, I am simply here to ask questions, because, as we have been told over and over, “There are no stupid questions,” so, its kind of safe ground for me. The ones I through into the danger zone of having to answer the questions are our panelists, so welcome to our panelists as well as to our listeners. Let us open with a prayer: Heavenly Father, we lift up our hearts in thanks and praise for this opportunity to open and share your Holy Word this day. We pray that You are with us and all our listeners as we share with one another the blessings of faith. We pray You will grant us wisdom and understanding as we seek to learn Your Holy Truth. -
Monica Lovinescu: Th E Voice of Unbound Freedom
HISTORY OF COMMUNISM IN EUROPE 2 (2011) 281–321 Monica Lovinescu: Th e Voice of Unbound Freedom Iulia Vladimirov IICCMER – Bucharest Abstract: Starting with 1962, Monica Lovinescu became, for hundreds of thousands of Romanians, the voice of unbound freedom as editor with Radio Free Europe. Her well-known broadcasts, Th eses and Antitheses in Paris and Th e Romanian Cultural Bulletin, revealed the true face of communist Romania while openly discussing the fate of literature, art, music or politics under dic- tatorship. Monica Lovinescu’s well-grounded opinions and her determination never to compromise made her a living example of moral integrity, which exiled and non-exiled Romanians constantly referred to. Th e impact of Monica Lovinescu’s live transmissions forced the Romanian Securitate to initiate and develop deftly devised plans to marginalize, belittle or even “neutralise” the rebellious “element”. Lovinescu’s refusal to collaborate with the communist authorities was followed by hostile press campaigns, close surveillance by the Securitate offi cers and informants and, last but not least, an act of violent physical aggression against her in November 1977. Monica Lovinescu’s opposition to the communist regime continued, irrespective of the Securitate’s opening or closing her fi le. Th e Romanian Revolution of 1989 marked the beginning of a new stage in Lovinescu’s career. She spoke as openly about the need for lustration and in favour of democratic values. Her unparal- leled contribution to the cause of freedom needs to be properly assessed. Keywords: Monica Lovinescu, Securitate, anti-communist resistance, exile Th e present article aims at presenting relevant moments of Monica Lovi- nescu’s biography from the perspective of her anti-communist resistance and constant fi ght for freedom as editor with Radio Free Europe. -
Ronald J. Rychlak
Ronald J. Rychlak Ronald J. Rychlak is Professor of Law and holder of the Jamie L. Whitten Chair in Law and Government at the University of Mississippi School of Law, where he has Been on the faculty since 1987. For 13 years, he served as Associate Dean for Academic Affairs, and since 2007 he has served as the university’s Faculty Athletic Representative (FAR) and chair of the University’s standing committee on Intercollegiate Athletics. He also serves on the Athletics Diversity Committee and the Athletic Compliance Committee, which he chaired for almost 10 years. In 2017, Ron received the Ben Hardy Faculty Excellence Award from the law school. Ron is a graduate of WaBash College (BA, 1980, cum laude) and VanderBilt University School of Law (JD, 1983, Order of the Coif). Prior to joining the faculty, he practiced law with Jenner & Block in Chicago and served as a clerk to Hon. Harry W. Wellford of the U.S. Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals. He is president- elect of the Southeastern Association of Law Schools, an officer (secretary) on the Executive Committee of the Southeastern Conference (SEC), chair of the SEC FARs, and an advisor to the Holy See’s delegation to the United Nations. He is also a memBer of the committee appointed By the Mississippi Supreme Court to revise the state criminal code and of the Mississippi Advisory Committee to the U.S. Civil Rights Commission. He serves on editorial Boards of The Gaming Law Review and Angelico Press. He also serves on advisory Boards to Ave Maria School of Law, the Catholic League for Religious and Civil Rights, and the Society of Catholic Social Scientists. -
Information to Users
INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI University Microfilms international A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 Nortfi Z eeb Road, Ann Arbor. Ml 48106-1346 USA 313,-761-4700 800,'521-0600 Order Number 9325618 The golden opportunity: A study of the Romanian manipulation of the Olympic Movement during the boycott of the 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Games Wilson, Harold Edwin, Jr., Ph.D.