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Universiti Putra Malaysia Press Serdang • 2012 © Universiti Putra Malaysia Press 2012 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission from Research Management Centre, Universiti Putra Malaysia and UPM Press. Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Pameran Rekacipta, Penyelidikan dan Inovasi (2012 : Serdang, Selangor) PRPi 2012 : UPM’s research & innovation ISBN 978-967-344-290-4 1. Universiti Putra Malaysia--Research--Exhibitions. 2. Education, Higher--Research--Exhibitions. 3. Educational innovations--Research--Exhibitions. I. Judul. 378.00720595 Type face: Times New Roman PS Type size: 8/10.5 Page Layout: Ku Ida Mastura Ku Baharom Cover Design: Anuar Pairan Printed by Universiti Putra Malaysia Press 43400 UPM Serdang Selangor Darul Ehsan Tel: 03-89468851/89468854 Fax: 03-89416172 E-mail: [email protected] Contents Preface v Panel of Reviewers vii PRPI Abstracts 2012 Faculty of Agriculture .............................................................. 1 Faculty of Forestry .................................................................. 33 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine ................................................ 41 Faculty of Economics and Management .................................. 45 Faculty of Engineering ............................................................ 51 Faculty of Educational Studies ................................................ 65 Faculty of Science .................................................................. 73 Faculty of Food Science and Technology ................................. 103 Faculty of Human Ecology ...................................................... 125 Faculty of Modern Languages and Communication ................. 137 Faculty of Design and Architecture .......................................... 145 Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences ................................ 157 Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology ....... 165 Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences .............. 185 Faculty of Environmental Studies ............................................ 193 Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences ................................ 199 Institute of Bioscience ............................................................ 205 Institute of Advanced Technology ............................................ 219 Institute of Gerontology ........................................................... 231 Institute for Mathematical Research ....................................... 239 Institute of Halal Products Research ....................................... 253 Institute of Agricultural and Food Policy Studies ...................... 263 Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products .................... 267 Institute of Social Science Studies .......................................... 279 Institute of Tropical Agriculture ................................................ 285 Sports Academy ..................................................................... 301 Centre for Diagnostic Nuclear Imaging ................................... 305 Cancer Resources and Education Center ................................ 309 Malaysian Palm Oil Board ....................................................... 315 Malaysian Nuclear Agency ...................................................... 319 Universiti Teknologi MARA ...................................................... 323 Universiti Malaysia Perlis ........................................................ 329 Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia ................................. 333 Universiti Tenaga Nasional ..................................................... 337 Universiti Utara Malaysia ........................................................ 341 Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia ....................................... 345 Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia ............................................... 349 Preface UPM’s largest research exhibition, PRPI Malaysia will be held at its Main Hall, the Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah Cultural and Arts Centre from 17th to 19th July, 2012. Organised for the tenth time under the flagship of the university’s Office of Vice-Chancellor (Research and Innovation), this annual university level event has undergone major repositioning into a national event and has been aptly renamed as PRPI Malaysia. Carrying the theme,Channeling Innovation towards Wealth Creation and Societal Well-being, the PRPI Malaysia is all set to take UPM’s research and development initiatives to a whole new level. Featuring the works of UPM lecturers, research fellows, post-doctoral students, graduate students and research officers, all of whom have entered their research projects for the research invention competition that forms a key part of the exhibition, the PRPI Malaysia will also see participation from other higher learning institutions and research centres. Novel R&D and technological innovations with potential for commercialization form the highlight of the exhibition with the objective of creating the much needed awareness among the public and market sector of the university’s and nation’s growth and advancement in the R&D sector. It is hoped that the exhibition and its many competitions will project to the public the escalating quality of UPM’s prolific research outputs, and will serve as a benchmark for the university to participate in other exhibitions on national and international levels. At the same time, the exhibition is also seen as a means to fortify strategic relationship between the university and the community which can pave the path to answer the government’s call to consolidate efforts to spur high-income economy through the strengthening of the nation’s research, development and innovation activities. It is also hoped that through events such as this, stakeholders and industry players can be convinced to contribute towards research funds and commercialisation efforts. This book is a compilation of 315 research and innovation abstracts from UPM’s 26 faculties and centres as well as 8 other higher learning institutions and research centres which will be participating in the tenth Malaysian Invention, Research & Innovation Exhibition (PRPI Malaysia). The abstracts are divided into three research categories – Fundamental Research, Applied Research and Products/Innovations and encompass UPM’s 6 main research clusters; agriculture (57), food (37), forestry and environment (22), health (18), science, technology and engineering (119) and social science (47).The remaining 15 abstracts are from Universiti Utara Malaysia (2), Malaysia Palm Oil Board (1), Universiti Tun Hussien Onn Malaysia (1), Universiti Tenaga Nasional (1), Universiti Teknologi Mara (4), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (1), Malaysian Nuclear Agency (2), Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (2) and Islam Malaysia Universiti Sains (1). It is our sincere hope that you benefit from the publication of this book, and find the content useful for your reference. The organising committee would also like to take this opportunity to express its appreciation of the panel of reviewers who have worked hard to identify, select and evaluate all the participations and arrive at the publication of this book. Without them, this book would not have materialized. Thank You. Assoc.Prof.Dr. Samsilah Roslan Research and Innovation Promotion Division Putra Science Park (PSP) Office of Deputy Vice Chancellor (Research and Innovation) Universiti Putra Malaysia vi Panel of Reviewers Assoc. Prof. Dr. Samsilah Roslan Prof. Dr. Aziz Arshad Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mohamed Zakaria Hussin Prof. Dr. Mohd Hair Bejo Assoc. Prof. Dr. Alias Radam Prof. Dr. Mohd Adzir Mahdi Prof. Dr. Zaidatol Akmaliah Lope Pihie Assoc. Prof. Dr. Abdul Halim Abdullah Prof. Dr. Son Radu Dr. Mariani Mansor Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nurdeng Deuraseh Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ezhar Tamam Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ain Nadzimah Abdullah Prof. Dr. Hashim Musa Prof. Dr. Chan Swee Heng Dr. Raja Ahmad Azmeer Raja Ahmad Effendi Prof. Dr. Zamberi Sekawi Assoc. Prof. Dr. Hamidah Ibrahim Prof. Dr. Raha Abdul Rahim Assoc. Prof. Dr. Zuriati Zulkarnian Prof. Dr. Mohamad Pauzi Zakaria Prof. Dr. Abdul Rahman Omar Prof. Dr. Robiah Yunus Assoc. Prof. Dr. Abdul Rashid Mohamed Shariff Assoc. Prof. Dr. Roziah Atan Dr. Ahmad Rizal Hj. Abd Rahman Dr. Ahmed Razman Abdul Latiff Prof. Dr. Tengku Aizan Hamid Prof. Dato’ Dr. Kamel Ariffin Mohd Atan Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mahendran Shitan Assoc. Prof. Dr. Zainidin Eshkurator Prof. Dr. Russly Abdul Rahman Assoc. Prof. Dr. Shuhaimi Mustafa Prof. Dr. Fatimah Mohamed Arshad Prof. Dr. Paridah Md. Tahir Assoc. Prof. Dr. Bahaman Abu Samad Prof. Dr. Zulkifli Idrus Prof. Dr. Muhammad Nazrul Hamin Abdullah viii FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE 3 Consumers’ Awareness and Consumption Intention Towards Green Foods Category: Applied Research (B) Dr Golnaz Rezai Phuah Kit Teng, Zainalabidin Mohamed and Mad Nasir Shamsudin Faculty of Agriculture [email protected] 03-89474899 Consumers’ food consumption patterns are changing rapidly. Consumers are becoming more concerned about the food they consume. They tend to consume food that is nutritious, healthy, safe and friendly to the environment and animals. Thus, the green concept is now steadily being disseminated among consumers in conjunction with the sustainability and conservation of agricultural development. Green foods refer to foods that