A Study on Archeological Background of Haryana

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

A Study on Archeological Background of Haryana Globus An International Journal of Management & IT A Refereed Research Journal Vol 8 / No 2 / Jan-Jun 2017 ISSN: 0975-721X A STUDY ON ARCHEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND OF HARYANA *Poonam **Dr. Namrata Chatterjee Abstract Introduction Arranged in the northern area of India, the The territory of Haryana is truly extremely rich territory of Haryana appeared on November 1, from soonest times. In spite of the fact that, “Haryana” is not really a thousand years old, this 1966 after the revamping of Punjab. As of now, Haryana is separated into twenty two locale of land has exceptionally been lauded as the support Panchkula, Ambala, Yamunanagar, Kurukshetra, of human progress, where on the banks of Kaithal, Karnal, Sirsa, Fatehabad, Hisar, Jind, Saraswati, Drishadwati and Apaya was aroused the Panipat, Sonipat, Rohtak, Bhiwani, Jhajjar, conciliatory fire. As it is expressed in the Rigveda: Gurgaon, Faridabad, Mewat, Rewari, “I put you in an astounding spot of earth on a favorable day of days: do you, Agni, sparkle on the Mahendragarh, CharkhiDadri and Palwal. In European prehistoric studies antiquarianism as a frequented (banks) of the Drishadwati, Apaya and term by and large alludes to discovery, Saraswati waterways.” The territory of Haryana is accumulation and portrayal of archeological exceptionally wealthy in archeological legacy. The relics. The disclosure and investigation of principal instrument making man wandered the ancient pieces in India had picked up energy zones of lower regions of the Shiwaliks and Aravalis which are parts of the province of since the landing of European explorers in India, yet it got a radical new face with the entry of Haryana. The tremendous and exceedingly prolific Alexander Cunningham, the main Director alluvial fields of Indus-Saraswati bowl regularly General of India. Since 1840’s he had the pulled in an extensive number of early migrant explicit focus of reproducing the antiquated clans to settle in and around the present day verifiable geology of India by peopling it with Haryana. real destinations and landmarks. His view was the “revelation and production of all the current These clans were cultivating networks and with the stays of design and model, with coins and advancement of time numerous focuses of engravings would toss all the more light on the Harappan Culture created in the state. A portion of old history of India, both open and household, these focuses created as arranged urban than the printing of all the junk contained in the settlements. However, the chronicled records of most punctual occasions to Gupta time of Hissar 18 Puranas.” With the foundation of Archeological overview the times of area are exceptionally sparse; we need to depend on approximately planned classicist and archeological sources available to us for the archeological request had developed a specific recreation of the early history of this district The stimulus. Hissar division of Haryana is extremely rich from archeological perspective. Antiquarianism in India Keywords: Archeological, Haryana. has turned out to be an essential device for recreating history of antiquated India. Archaic exploration has helped in interfacing diverse times of history of antiquated India through examination of coins, engravings, models and other archeological material recouped from different destinations in unearthing. Haryana transformed the civilization of vedic structure and creating situation with Aryans discussed their sacred that the Vedas old history is soaked with enormity conflict of Mahabharat.kurukshetra is very mantras of Krishna with dreams and rulers of many new genrally region of soil was here were on this soil region blessed individual generally speaking soil blessed generally reputation of dreams and engaged here many things which accomadation soil blessed Bhagvad-Gita in valley around many civil things *Research Scholar, Sri Satya Sai University of Technology & Medical Sciences, Sehore (M.P.) **Research Supervisor, Sri Satya Sai University of Technology & Medical Sciences, Sehore (M.P.) 1 towards rulers and many engaged with the great more. For example, landmarks connected to effort and fare engaging ruling new saraswati Mughal past pulled in consideration, due to the valley of ten rulers addressing many things which eminence and legitimizing power the accommodation in civil creating new searches that administration still remained. Safeguarding was Lord Krishna with soil blessed many new things then connected to the complicated issues of tax creating accommodating individual addressed assessment and income free blessings of land. By many new things and creating a world of religious distributing assets to the upkeep of religious and spiritual concept of new Mantras effecting this organizations, the EIC would in general comply world of new generousity and locale generally with a built up method of standard, in which speaking with dreams and legends. Vedic support of religious foundations and identities was Civilization began and created here that Lord a piece of a sovereign’s obligations. Surrendered Krishna addressed as the Mantras. landmarks, for example, give in sanctuaries in the Bombay Presidency and the vestiges of Gour and Review of Literature Pandua in Bengal, were not totally ignored, but Chand Singh (2016) features the state of recorded rather they were not viewed as a need. The landmarks which are related with medieval course Company Raj tosses some light on indigenous in Ambala. These landmarks are as Kos Minar and methods of protection, which came to be defied Sarai’s Mosque. These structures have been with different ideas and strategies over the span of enduring their character effectively in Ambala. The pioneer period. This paper investigates the principal record of the authoritative division of the connection among neighborhood and worldwide Ambala is found in Ain-I-Akbari. Ambala City was types of South Asian legacy. Mulling over ideas, arranged on medieval course, which was known as for example, jirṇoddhara, it will go for recognizing BadshahiSarak (Mughal street) from Delhi to gatherings of performers who were customarily Lahore. Courses have an essential impact in the life inferred in safeguarding (political power, elites, of a country. These streets were not working neighborhood networks and populaces) and the without its related structures. There were three idea of their commitment. This echoes primary structures that remained on the thruways in contemporary issues managing the apportionment the medieval period. First was Kos Minar, which of landmarks and the potential strains getting from worked as a cutting edge achievement. Second, was structures being the two spots of love and old Sarai working as a stopping spot or rest house; and landmarks. the third structure was the scaffold, which was developed on the waterways. In this paper, I have Kanika Singh (2016) This paper talks about the examined Kos Minar and sarai’s mosque. portrayal of legacy in galleries of Sikh history in India. I contend that the Sikh exhibition hall can’t Anne-Julie Etter (2016) This paper manages be sufficiently clarified inside present protection of building legacy amid the Company understandings of galleries and their job underway Raj, from the most recent many years of the of legacy, either as a task of the Indian country eighteenth century to the 1850s. This period pulls state, or as an outflow of character legislative in little consideration among legacy studies’ issues in a globalized world. The idea of the Sikh researchers and students of history, who center all historical center gets from the specific idea of the the more promptly around the second 50% of the Sikh people group’s association with its past. Sikh nineteenth century and the principal many years of history is the narrative of advancement of the Sikh the twentieth century, when protection approaches people group (Panth) through the activities and created on a bigger scale, with the setting up of thoughts of the Sikh Gurus. After the heredity of both a foundation (the Archeological Survey of the Gurus arrived at an end, the Panth and the India) and a lawful system, the Ancient Granth (the ordinance) are viewed as Gurus, and Monuments Preservation Act go under Curzon’s they keep on existing through the nearness of the viceroyalty. However, the East India Company network and its practices. Consequently, the Sikh (EIC) did keep up and fix landmarks. From the past isn’t disengaged from its present; it keeps on perspective of legacy practices and approaches, the existing in it. The Sikh past is in this manner, Company Raj can be considered as a transitional additionally encircled inside the religious. This is period, empowering to inspect the verbalization reflected in the Sikh historical center, which is both among indigenous and pioneer methods of a common place for gaining approved information protection. Despite the fact that the thought or class of the Sikh past, and a consecrated space for of antiquated landmarks was not yet agent, EIC’s reaffirming one’s confidence. Further, the experts demonstrated worried to save relics of the presentation in Sikh historical centers is comprised past, which were considered imperative or of current ‘history works of art’s which are intriguing from a recorded perspective. Be that as it likewise alluded to as mainstream/schedule may, political contemplations gauged significantly workmanship. 2 as wellsprings of the archeological investigations. Historical Background of Haryana These confirmations frame an imperative part of State is mentioning over her is based on the Fact of hotspots for reproducing history. immersed knowledge with ponder. Mahabharat knows Haryana as Bahudhhanyaka, put where there Indian Archeology is bounteous grains and Bahudhana, the place that The historical backdrop of archaic exploration in is known for enormous riches. The word Hariana, India goes back to the mid sixteenth century and occurs in a 1328 AD Sanskrit etching kept in the includes three gatherings of individuals to be Delhi Museum, which implies the Haryana area as specific Portuguese inhabitants of Goa, other The heaven on earth. European mariners and intermittent voyagers.
Recommended publications
  • ANSWERED ON:23.08.2007 HISTORICAL PLACES in up Verma Shri Bhanu Pratap Singh
    GOVERNMENT OF INDIA CULTURE LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO:1586 ANSWERED ON:23.08.2007 HISTORICAL PLACES IN UP Verma Shri Bhanu Pratap Singh Will the Minister of CULTURE be pleased to state: (a) the details of Centrally protected monuments in Uttar Pradesh (UP) at present; (b) the agency responsible for the maintenance of these places; (c) the amount spent on the maintenance of these monuments during the last three years; and (d) the details of revenue earned from these monuments during each of the last three years? Answer MINISTER FOR TOURISM AND CULTURE (SHRIMATI AMBIKA SONI) (a)&(b) There are 742 monuments/sites declared as of national importance in the Uttar Pradesh (U.P.) as per list at Annexure. Archaeological Survey of India looks after their proper upkeep, maintenance, conservation and preservation. (c) The expenditure incurred on conservation, preservation, maintenance and environmental development of these centrally protected monuments during the last three years is as under: Rupees in Lakhs Year Total 2004-05 1392.48 2005-06 331.14 2006-07 1300.36 (d) The details of revenue earned from these monuments during the last three years are as under: Rupees in Lakhs Year Total 2004-05 2526.33 2005-06 2619.92 2006-07 2956.46 ANNEXURE ANNEXURE REFERRED TO IN REPLY TO PART (a)&(b) OF THE LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTIO NO.1586 FOR 23.8.2007 LIST OF CENTRALLY PROTECTED MONUMENTS IN UTTAR PRADESH Agra Circle Name of monument/site Locality District 1. Agra Fort Including Akbari Mahal Agra Agra Anguri Bagh Baoli of the Diwan-i-Am Quadrangle.
    [Show full text]
  • The Age of Akbar
    CHAPTER 3 THE AGE OF AKBAR MUGHAL THEORIES OF KINGSHIP AND STATE POLITY Akbar is generally recognized as the greatest and most capable of the Mughal rulers. Under him Mughal polity and statecraft reached maturity; and under his guidance the Mughals changed from a petty power to a major dynastic state. From his time to the end of the Mughal period, artistic production on both an imperial and sub-imperial level was closely linked to notions of state polity, religion and kingship. Humayun died in 1556, only one year after his return to Hindustan. Upon hearing the call to prayers, he slipped on the steep stone steps of the library in his Din-Panah citadel in Delhi. Humayun's only surviving son and heir- apparent, Akbar, then just fourteen years of age, ascended the throne and ruled until 1605 the expanding Mughal empire. Until about 1561, Akbar was under the control of powerful court factions, first his guardian, Bhairam Khan, and then the scheming Maham Anga, a former imperial wet-nurse. Between about 1560 and 1580, Akbar devoted his energies to the conquest and then the con- solidation of territory in north India. This he achieved through battle, marriage, treaty and, most significantly, administrative reform. Concurrent with these activities, Akbar developed an interest in religion that, while initially a personal concern, ultimately transformed his concept of state. Many of the policies he adopted, such as the renunciation of the poll-tax (jiziya) for non- Muslims, had a solid political basis as well as a personal one, for Akbar, much more than his Mughal predecessors, saw every advantage in maintaining good relations with the Hindu majority.
    [Show full text]
  • Dictionary of Islamic Architecture
    DICTIONARY OF ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE DICTIONARY OF ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE Andrew Petersen London and New York First published 1996 by Routledge 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2002. Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001 First published in paperback 1999 © 1996 Andrew Petersen All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress ISBN 0-415-06084-2 (hbk) ISBN 0-415-21332-0 (pbk) ISBN 0-203-20387-9 Master e-book ISBN ISBN 0-203-20390-9 (Glassbook Format) Contents Preface vii Acknowledgements ix Entries 1 Appendix The Mediterranean World showing principal historic cities and sites 320 The Middle East and Central Asia showing principal historic cities and sites 321 Dedication This book is dedicated to my friend Jamie Cameron (1962–95) historian of James V of Scotland. Preface In one of the quarters of the city is the Muhammadan town, where the Muslims have their cathedral, mosque, hospice and bazar. They have also a qadi and a shaykh, for in every one of the cities of China there must always be a shaykh al- Islam, to whom all matters concerning Muslims are referred.
    [Show full text]
  • ANSWERED ON:06.09.2007 CENTRALLY PROTECTED MONUMENTS in HARYANA Jindal Shri Naveen
    GOVERNMENT OF INDIA CULTURE LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO:3324 ANSWERED ON:06.09.2007 CENTRALLY PROTECTED MONUMENTS IN HARYANA Jindal Shri Naveen Will the Minister of CULTURE be pleased to state: (a) the details of Centrally protected monuments in Haryana; (b) the amount spent on their upkeep during the last three years; (c) whether it is proposed to include some more monuments in Haryana in the list of Centrally protected monuments; (d) if so, the details thereof; and (e) the revenue earned from these monuments during the last three years? Answer MINISTER OF THE STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF TOURISM AND CULTURE (SHRIMATI AMBIKA SONI) (a) There are ninety centrally protected monuments/sites in Haryana as per list at Annexure. (b) The expenditure incurred on conservation, preservation, maintenance and environmental development of these centrally protected monuments during the last three years is as under: Year Amount 2004-05 Rs. 166.49 lakhs 2005-06 Rs. 193.71 lakhs 2006-07 Rs. 342.16 lakhs (c)&(d) There is no such proposal at present. (e) The revenue earned from these monuments during the last three years are as under: Rupees in lakhs Year Revenue from Revenue from Total 2 Ticketed other sources Monuments 2004-05 03.89 0.30 04.19 2005-06 04.30 0.15 04.45 2006-07 03.75 03.75 ANNEXURE ANNEXURE REFERRED TO IN REPLY TO PART (a) OF THE LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 3324 FOR 6.9.2007 LIST OF CENTRALLY PROTECTED MONUMENTS IN HARYANA Sl.N Name of the monument / site LOCALITY DISTRICT 1 Kos Minar Ambala Ambala 2 Ancient site Naurangabad Bhiwani 3 Kos Minar No.
    [Show full text]
  • Tranche 3: Imperial Highway Heritage
    Initial Environmental Examination Project Number: 40648-034 May 2018 IND: Infrastructure Development Investment Program for Tourism (IDIPT) - Tranche 3 Package : Imperial Highway Heritage Conservation and Visitor Facility Development (Lot -2), Baradari and Kos Minars in TarnTaran District, Punjab Submitted by: Program Management Unit, Punjab Heritage and Tourism Board, Chandigarh This report has been submitted to ADB by the Program Management Unit, Punjab Heritage and Tourism Board, Chandigarh and is made publicly available in accordance with ADB’s Public Communications Policy (2011). It does not necessarily reflect the views of ADB. This initial environment examination report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. Compliance matrix to the Queries from ADB Package no. PB/IDIPT/T3/12/18 (Lot-2): Imperial Highway Heritage conservation and visitor facility development (Lot-2) Baradari and Kos Minars in Tarn Taran district, Punjab Sl.no Comments from ADB Response from PMU 1. We note from para 7 (page 1 and 2) that the Noted. The given information in the para 7 (pg 1 scope of works are conservation works for & 2) is for the Executive Summary and hence it is monuments at (i) Baradari located in not in detail.
    [Show full text]
  • History and Heritage of Palwal
    February 2018, Volume 5, Issue 2 JETIR (ISSN-2349-5162) HISTORY AND HERITAGE OF PALWAL Harvansh Research Scholar,Department of History,M.D.U. Rohtak Abstract: Palwal is a heritage city, due its monumental aspects. A demon Palwasur ruled here. And later this word became ,Palwal. The city of palwal faced many ruler from ancient to modern era. Here is a temple of Balram .During medieval period ,it was a smallest Ekta. Railway station of palwal is a place from where Mahatama Gandhi was arrested. Key-words: Palwasur ,Heritage, Pandwas, Tomb, Sarai, Hodal , Kos min On 15 August 1979, Gurgaon district was Reconfigured to form the new Faridabad district and Palwal became a part of it. In 2008, Palwal become an independent district with Hodal and hathin Tehsils. Palwal district is located south of Faridabad District. It is bound by Uttar Pradesh on the East, Gurgaon district on the North West and Mewat district on the East. The district is located on national highway no. 2 from Delhi to Mathura.1 The traditionally District acquired its name from the city of Palwal ,Which got its name from a Demon, “PALWASUR” who ruled this place during the region of the Pandavas. He was killed by Balarama, the elder Brother of Shri Krishan. A festival is organized in Palwal in his memory annually, which is known as “Beldev Chhat ka Mela”. The town exists on a very old mound, where various cultures of different eras are lying buried. The Authentic historic significance of the town starts with the date, when it was gifted to the French general De Boigne as Jageer during Maratha Supremacy in Delhi area.
    [Show full text]
  • A Case for Change in Indian Historic Preservation Planning: Re-Evaluating Attitudes Toward the Past
    University of Cincinnati Date: 1/6/2010 I, Kingkini Roy , hereby submit this original work as part of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Architecture in Architecture. It is entitled: A Case for Change in Indian Historic Preservation Planning: Re-Evaluating Attitudes toward the Past Student's name: Kingkini Roy This work and its defense approved by: Committee chair: Patrick Snadon, PhD Committee member: Aarati Kanekar, PhD 1280 Last Printed:2/15/2011 Document Of Defense Form A Case for Change in Indian Historic Preservation Planning: Re-Evaluating Attitudes toward the Past A thesis submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Cincinnati in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Architecture In the School of Architecture and Interior Design of the College of Design, Architecture, Art and Planning March 2011 by Kingkini Roy Bachelor of Architecture, School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi, 2006 Committee Chair: Patrick Snadon, Ph. D. Abstract This thesis critically surveys heritage management in present day India and the legislative apparatus that underpins it. Keeping within the Indian context, the research seeks to verify the suitability of the strategies that are upheld by the institutional and legislative setup of architectural conservation practices for present day India. This appraisal would be based on the premise that preservation, as it is currently understood in India, is a product of modernity and in India’s case the direct import of the Western construct of these disciplines during the colonial period. This is made evident from the history and origins of the interest in Indian antiquity as well as the development of the formalized discipline of archaeology and antiquity management.
    [Show full text]
  • Guidelines for Sensitive and Critical Areas
    Government of Pakistan October 1997 Guidelines For Sensitive And Critical Areas Contents Page 1. Context Of Guideline 2 2. Purpose 2 3. Basis of this Guideline 3 3.1 Principles 3 3.2 Protected Areas 3 3.2.1 Ecosystems 4 3.2.2 Archaeological Sites and Monuments 5 4. Approach To Ecosystems 5 4.1 The Importance Of Protection 5 4.2 Policies And Legislation 6 4.3 Notified Protected Ecosystems In Pakistan 7 4.4 Classification Of Protected Ecosystems In Pakistan 9 4.4.1 Wildlife Sanctuary 9 4.4.2 National Park 9 4.4.3 Game Reserves 10 4.5 Checklist Of Procedure For Environmental Assessment 10 5. Approach To Archaeological Sites and Monuments 11 5.1 The Importance Of Protection 11 5.2 Geological Sites In Pakistan 11 5.3 Notified Archaeological Sites and Monuments 11 5.4 Checklist Of Procedure For Environmental Assessment 12 6. List Of World Heritage Sites In Pakistan 13 7. References 13 Appendices Description Page Appendix I List Of Notified Protected Ecosystems In Pakistan 14 Appendix II List Of Notified Protected Archaeological Sites And 23 Monuments In Pakistan Appendix III 1. Contacts for Ecosystems 53 2. Contacts for Archaeological Sites 3. List Of Key Contacts In Developing the Guidelines 1. CONTEXT OF GUIDELINES This guideline is part of a package of regulations and guidelines which include: • The Pakistan Environmental Ordinance 1997 • Policy and procedures for filing, review and approval of environmental assessments • Guidelines for the preparation and review of Environmental Reports • Guidelines for public participation • Guidelines for sensitive and critical areas • Pakistan environmental legislation and the National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) • Sectoral guidelines for Environmental Reports This guideline should not be read on its own, but in the context of the overall package.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Government of India Ministry of Culture Lok
    GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF CULTURE LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.3701 TO BE ANSWERED ON 19.3.2018 RENTING OF HISTORICAL SITES IN UTTAR PRADESH 3701. SHRI KANWAR SINGH TANWAR: Will the Minister of CULTURE be pleased to state: (a) the details of historical and archaeological heritage sites marked by Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) in Uttar Pradesh; (b) whether all these heritage sites are being protected in an appropriate manner and if so, the details thereof; (c) whether any case of renting out and encroachment of the historical and archaeological heritage sites situated in Uttar Pradesh has come to the notice of the Government; and (d) if so, the details thereof and the action taken by the Government thereon? ANSWER MINISTER OF STATE (INDEPENDENT CHARGE) FOR CULTURE AND MINISTER OF STATE FOR ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE (DR. MAHESH SHARMA) (a) The details are at Annexure. (b) The monuments and sites declared protected as of national importance under the jurisdiction of Archaeological Survey of India(ASI) are conserved, preserved and maintained by ASI as per the provisions of Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958. (c)&(d) In case of ten monuments in Uttar Pradesh, the Waqf Board has rented the premises and in 75 monuments, encroachments have been reported which also include the rented ones. ASI, through regular dialogues request the Waqf Board to cancel the allotments and in case of Bara Imambara and Asifi Masjid, Lucknow, 50 such occupants were removed. The matter concerning encroachments in the protected monuments and protected areas are removed as per the provisions contained in the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958 and Rules, 1959 framed thereunder.
    [Show full text]
  • View/Download
    F.No. 39-1/NMA-2018/Categorisation Government of India Ministry of Culture National Monuments Authority PUBLIC NOTICE It is brought to the notice of public at large that the Categorisation of 915 Centrally Protected Monuments of Delhi, Chandigarh, Bhopal, Vadodara and Kolkata circle have been prepared by The Authority under Section 4A of AMASR Act 1958 and Rule 6 of National Monuments Authority (Appointment, Function and Conduct of Business) Rules, 2011 are uploaded on the following websites: 1. National Monuments Authority www.nma.gov.in 2. Archaeological Survey of India www.asi.nic.in Any person having any suggestion or objection may send the same in writing to Member Secretary, National Monuments Authority, 24, Tilak Marg, New Delhi- 110001 or mail at the email id [email protected] latest by 23rd March,2019. The person making objection or suggestions should also give his name and address. The objection or suggestion which may be received before the expiry of the period i.e. 23rd march 2019 shall be considered by The National Monuments Authority. Categorization of Centrally Protected Monuments of Bhopal Circle, ASI Vide Section 4A of AMASR Act 2010 and Rule 6 of National Monuments Authority (Appointment, Function and Conduct of Business) Rules, 2011 NATIONAL MONUMENTS AUTHORITY 24, TILAK MARG NEW DELHI-110001 National Monuments Authority Monuments of Bhopal Circle Category I: Protected Monuments/ Archaeological sites inscribed on the World Heritage Cultural Sites list of UNESCO Sl. Year of No. Protection Name of Monument Location, Remarks (Final District Notification) 1. 30.04.1953 Chausath Yogini Temple Khajuraho, Chhatarpur 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Indian Art and Culture
    A Compendium of Indian Art andPress Culture For Civil Services and OtherUniversity Competitive Examinations S. Baliyan Oxford Founder Director, Insight IAS Academy, Delhi 1 © Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. 3 Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries. Published in India by Oxford University Press 22 Workspace, 2nd Floor, 1/22 Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi 110002 © Oxford University Press 2020 The moral rights of the author/s have been asserted. First Edition published in 2020 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by licence, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford UniversityPress Press, at the address above. You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer. ISBN-13: 978-0-19-949658-7 ISBN-10: 0-19-949658-7 Typeset in Glypha LT Std and Futura Std by E-Edit InfotechUniversity Publishing Solutions, Chennai Printed in India by Cover image: © Val Shevchenko / Shutterstock; Zzvet / Shutterstock; Matt Ragen / Shutterstock; takepicsforfun © 123RF.com; David Evison / Shutterstock; Pikoso.kz / Shutterstock; saiko3p / Shutterstock For productOxford information and current price, please visit www.india.oup.com Third-party website addresses mentioned in this book are provided by Oxford University Press in good faith and for information only.
    [Show full text]
  • Architecture and Identity: the Occupation, Use, and Reuse of Mughal Caravanserais
    Architecture and Identity: The Occupation, Use, and Reuse of Mughal Caravanserais by Jennifer Lynn Campbell A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Anthropology University of Toronto © Copyright by Jennifer Lynn Campbell 2011 Architecture and Identity: The Occupation, Use, and Reuse of Mughal Caravanserais Jennifer Lynn Campbell Doctor of Philosophy Department of Anthropology University of Toronto 2011 Abstract Life, individual and collective, exists in reference to what came before; my research into the life histories of places explores the cultural threads which tie us to places and which allow us to make personal and collective connections between the past and the present. Understanding these life histories helps us understand the value and power historic places have in the world today. This thesis focuses on Mughal caravanserais from northwestern Pakistan, examining how they were initially intended to be used during the Mughal rule of South Asia and how they were reused in the periods that followed (Sikh, Afghani, British, and Pakistani). Caravanserais are walled arcaded buildings where travelers could stop briefly. After the Mughal Empire declined, caravanserais were reused by local people and/or taken over by subsequent governing bodies. Surviving structures are still used today, although their original appearance and functions have been altered to serve new purposes. My research is part of the Caravanserai Networks Project, directed by Dr. Heather Miller, University of Toronto. I develop my survey method through comparative study of two caravanserais, Gor Khuttree and Pakka Khanpur. Using information from architectural survey, historic documents, and photographs, I create three-dimensional architectural models of Gor Khuttree’s occupations.
    [Show full text]