Early investigations of permafrost in Siberia by Baltic-German and German scientists Diedrich Fritzsche1 (
[email protected]) and Erki Tammiksaar2 1Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, Germany 2University of Tartu, Faculty of Science and Technology, Estonia In the 18th and 19th centuries several (1815-1894) traveled through Siberia German and Baltic-German scientists collecting information about the flora, investigated almost unknown territories fauna, geology, climate, ethnology, Karl Ernst von Baer of the Russian Empire. Many of them were history and economy of the Far East of invited by Russian emperors and some Russia. Their results were mostly b e c a m e a c a d e m i c i a n s o f t h e S t . published in journals of the Russian Karl Ernst von Baer (1792-1876) the expedition to North and East Petersburg Academy of Sciences. Geographical Society. Information about was a Baltic-German naturalist Siberia by A. Th. von Middendorff. German naturalists like Georg Wilhelm Russia became available in Europe and member of the St. Petersburg The main task was to investigate Steller (1709-1746), Johann Georg Gmelin through special journals edited by Academy of Sciences. Between permafrost thickness, tempera- (1709-1755), Peter Simon Pallas (1741- Germans such as P.S. Pallas [1], J.G. 1838 and 1843 he collected all data ture and distribution [15]. Baer available on Siberian ever frozen drew the first permafrost map of 1811), Karl Ernst von Baer (1792-1876), Georgi [2], Th. Fr. Ehrmann [3], A. Erman ground. He wrote a special per- Siberia (below).