THE ARMY AIR CORPS

A. Define, Describe, or Identify:

1. Auxiliary – functioning as a branch of another military organization. (p. 120)

2. Grades – ranks. (p. 123)

3. Ordnance – military supply such as weapons, ammunition, combat vehicles, and equipment. (p. 125)

4. Incompetent – lacking the qualities needed for effective action. (p. 127)

5. Treasonable – involving a violation of allegiance towards one’s country. (p. 127)

6. Insubordination – a refusal to submit to authority. (p. 127)

7. Bombsight – a device that helps determine when to drop a bomb. (p. 128)

8. Overhaul – to go over carefully and make needed repairs. (p. 128)

9. Corps – a branch or department of the armed forces having a specialized function. (p. 129)

10. Pursuit aircraft – fighter planes. (p. 129)

11. Annex – to incorporate territory into an existing political unit such as a country. (p. 129)

12. Logistics – the aspect of military operations that deal with the procurement, distribution, maintenance, and replacement of material and personnel. (p. 134)

13. Autonomy – independence. (p. 134)

B. Matching:

Match the definition in Column A with the name in Column B. You may use each name only once.

Column A Column B

__b__ 1. He used executive powers to create the Army Air Service in 1918. (p. 122) a. b. Woodrow Wilson __g__ 2. In 1923, he and his partner flew from c. Calvin Coolidge to in 26 hours and 50 d. Russell Maughan minutes. (p. 124) e. Benjamin Foulois f. Franklin Roosevelt __d__ 3. His one-day flight from New York to San g. Oakley Kelly Francisco opened people’s eyes to the h. Ulysses Nero potential of air power. (p. 124) i. Dale White j. Henry Arnold __c__ 4. He instructed a group of experts to find the “best means of developing and applying aircraft in national defense.” (p. 125)

__a__ 5. He predicted the attack on Pearl Harbor more than 15 years in advance. (p. 127)

__h__ 6. He’s known today as the father of US Air Force precision bombing. (p. 128)

__f__ 7. In 1939 he spoke to Congress about the need to rebuild the US military. (p. 129)

__j__ 8. He developed a plan to train military pilots at civilian flight schools. (p. 129)

__i__ 9. He was one of two African-American pilots who drew attention of the exclusion of black pilots from the Army Air Corps and the Civilian Pilot Training Program. (p. 130)

__e__ 10. He was the Army Signal Corps’ first pilot in 1908 and by 1931 was chief of the Air Corps. (p. 133)

C. Fill in the Blanks:

1. After , the Army, Navy, and Congress thought the role of aircraft was to provide reconnaissance and ground-troop support, not to lead attacks. (p. 120)

2. The Army Air Service existed between 1918 and 1926. Although it was still part of the Army, it was a step closer to separate-but-equal footing with the Army and Navy. (p. 122)

3. The National Defense Act established the number of men and ranks in the Air Service. The Air Service didn’t have enough funds to enlist the 16,000 men Congress said it could have. (p. 123)

4. To gain independence for a separate air force, Billy Mitchell tried to get people to ask their congressmen to support air power. (p. 124)

5. Billy Mitchell thought that the bomber should be a key weapon of warfare. He thought it could bring the battle to the enemy and shorten wars. (p. 126)

6. In 1925, Billy Mitchell got into trouble. He harshly criticized senior officers in the military. In 1926, after conviction in a court-martial, he resigned from service rather than face a five-year suspension. (p. 127)

7. Ulysses Nero was in the unit that performed the US military’s last horse-cavalry mission. It pushed Mexican bandit back to his homeland. (p. 128)

8. War shadows grew in Europe in 1938. Germany annexed Austria that year. Meanwhile, waged war in Africa, and Japan had invaded China. (p. 129)

9. When Maj Gen Henry “Hap” Arnold asked Congress for the funding for his program of training military pilots at civilian flight schools, lawmakers turned down his request. (p. 129)

10. The foundation of Mitchell’s air-power theory was the long-range bomber. (p. 132)

D. Crossword Puzzle:

Across

5. Military supply such as weapons, ammunition, combat vehicles, and equipment. ORDNANCE. (p. 125) 9. To incorporate territory into an existing political unit such as a country. ANNEX. (p. 129) 10. Lacking the qualities needed for effective action. INCOMPETENT. (p. 127) 11. Functioning as a branch of another military organization. AUXILIARY. (p. 120) 14. A device that helps determine when to drop a bomb. BOMBSIGHT. (p. 128) 15. A branch of department of the armed forces having a specialized function. CORPS. (p. 129)

Down

1. The “unsinkable” battleship Brig Gen Mitchell's pilots sank. OSTFRIESLAND. (p. 121) 2. ______aircraft are also called “fighter planes.” PURSUIT (p. 129) 3. Involving a violation of allegiance towards one's country. TREASONABLE. (p. 127) 4. A refusal to submit to authority. INSUBORDINATION. (p. 127) 6. Independence. AUTONOMY. (p. 134) 7. Ranks. GRADES. (p. 123) 8. To go over carefully and make needed repairs. OVERHAUL. (p. 128) 12. The aspect of military operations that deals with the procurement, distribution, maintenance, and replacement of materiel and personnel. LOGISTICS. (p. 134) 13. The had its first ______carrier within eight months of the sinking of the “unsinkable” German battleship. AIRCRAFT. (p. 121)

1 2 3 O P T 4 S U R I 5 6 7 T O R D N A N C E N G F S U A S R 8 R U T S U O A I I O O B V D 9 10 A N N E X T N I N C O M P E T E N T S O A R R S L M B D H 11 12 13 A U X I L I A R Y L I A N O I E N U D G R A L I C T S R I 14 15 B O M B S I G H T A C O R P S I F N C T S Created with EclipseCrossword — www.eclipsecrossword.com

E. Multiple Choice: Circle the letter that provides the best answer.

1. Which was not an element of the plan for national defense after World War I?

a. The Navy’s battle fleet. b. The Navy’s coastal defenses. c. The Army’s coastal defenses. d. The Army Air Service’s forward-based aircraft.* (p. 123)

2. Which was not one of the proposals by the Morrow Board in 1925?

a. Rename the Army Air Service the Army Air Corps. b. Start planning for a transition to an independent air force.* (p. 125) c. Give the Army Air Corps a seat on the Army General Staff. d. Appoint an assistant secretary of war for air power.

3. Mitchell got into trouble in 1925 for speaking out after what incidents?

a. Allegations of sweetheart deals with aircraft manufacturers. b. The disappearance of a Navy plane and the crash of a dirigible.* (p. 127) c. The discovery of sloppy accounting practices at the Department of War. d. A string of nine fatal crashes after the Army took over the airmail service.

4. What effect did the introduction of the Boeing B-17 have?

a. It made long-range bombing missions possible.* (p. 132) b. It heightened interest in observation aircraft. c. It scared war-weary members of Congress into thinking the air-power advocates really had to be stopped. d. It had little effect, since Billy Mitchell had left the service by then.

5. What was not an element of the rationale against an independent air force?

a. Ground forces had been part of warfare for thousands of years. b. The Army needed to control its own air arm, as the Navy did. c. Air power was really just long-range artillery. d. Aviation was so glamorous that some senior officers thought an independent air force would get more money than it deserved.* (p. 133)

6. Which aircraft won the Army’s competition in July 1935?

a. The Piper J-3 Cub. b. The Douglas DC-2. c. Boeing’s 299, later called the B-17.* (p. 131) d. Douglas Aircraft’s DC-3.