TriconBoston cino. - Private Limited
The Registrar, National Electric Power Regulatory Authority
Subject: Application for a Generation License TBCCPL-C 50MW Wind Power Project
I, Nadeem Abdullah, Chief Executive Officer, being the duly authorized representative of TriconBoston Consulting Corporation (Private) Limited by virtue of board resolution dated 28 September 2015, hereby apply to the National Electric Power Regulatory Authority for the grant of a Generation License to TriconBoston Consulting Corporation (Private) Limited pursuant to section 15 of the Regulation of Generation, Transmission and Distribution rl....of Electric Power Act, 1997.
I certify that the documents-in-support attached with this application are prepared an submitted in conformity with the provisions of the National Electric Power Regulato Authority Licensing (Application and Modification Procedure) Regulations, 1999, an -- undertake to abide by the terms and provisions of the above-said regulations. I further undertake and confirm that the information provided in the attached documents-in-support is true and correct to the best of my knowledge and belief.
A bank draft in the sum of PKR 280,640 (Pakistan Rupees Two I kindred Eighty Thousand Six Hundred Forty), being the non-refundable licence application fee calculated in accordance with Schedule II to the National Electric Power Regulatory Authority Licensing (Application and Modification Procedure) Regulations, 1999, is also attached herewith.
Date: 2nd October 2015
Nadeem Abdullah CEO
Company Seal
A Project of Sapphire Group Triconboston Consulting Corporation (Pvt.) Ltd. 7 - A/K. Main Boulevard, Clulberg H, Lahore -54000, Pakistan Phone: *92-42-111000-100 Pax: +9242-35788744 Contact: khaild [email protected]
TriconBoston onsulting Corporation
Private Limited
EXTRACT OF THE RESOLUTION PASSED BY THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF TRICONBOSTON CONSULTING CORPORATION (PRIVATE) LIMITED (THE "COMPANY") IN A MEETING HELD ON 28 SEPTEMBER 2015 AT 7-A/K, MAIN BOULEVARD, GULBERG II, LAHORE
"RESOLVED, that the Company may file before the National Electric Power Regulatory Authority ("NEPRA"): (i) an application for generation license for the (approximately) 50 MW wind power project TBCCPL-C intended to be situated at Jhimpir, District Thatta, Sindh; and (ii) an application for unconditional acceptance of the upfront tariff approved by NEPRA vide its determination dated 24 June 2015 bearing reference no. NEPRA/TRF-WPT/2015/9512- 9514 (collectively, the "Applications").
FURTHER RESOLVED THAT Mr. Nadeem Abdullah, Chief Executive Officer and Mr. Khalid Aslam, Director Project are jointly and severally duly authorized to file the Applications (along with annexes) and any documents in support thereof, sign the necessary documentation, pay the necessary filing fees, appear and/or make any oral/written representations on behalf of the Company before NEPRA, and undertake or do any matter(s)/act(s) necessary or incidental thereto.
FURTHER RESOLVED THAT in addition to Mr. Nadeem Abdullah and Mr. Khalid Aslam, the partners and associates of RIAA Barker Gillette (including Mr. Hasnain Naqvee and Mr. Nadir Altaf) shall also have the afore-stated power and authority"
Certified that the above resolution: (i) was duly passed on September 28, 2015 in Lahore at a meeting of the Board of Directors of TriconBoston Consulting Corporation (Private) Limited held with the necessary quorum of directors; and (ii) has not been rescinded and remains in operation and that this is a true copy of the extract of the said resolution.
Dated: 28 September 2015
Nadeem Abdullah Chief Executive
9 A Project of Sapphire Group Triconboston Consulting Corporation (Pvt.) Ltd. 7 - A/R, Main Boulevard, Gulberg 11, Lahore - 54000, Pakistan Phone: +9242-111-000-100 Pax: +92-42-35788744 Contact: libalid.aslamOsaophire.com.pk SECURITIES AND EXCHAKE COMMISSION OF PAKISTAN
OMPAISV REGIS'INATION OM 1, LAHORE
CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION I littict. section «4 m Companies Ordinance, 1984 (XI ,VII of 1984)1
Corporate Universal Iklentitication NO.0080068
they rt 6,m TRICONBOSTON CONSULTINC CORPC)RATION (PVT.) LIMITED is this day incorporated under the Comnanies Ordinance, 1984 (XI,VII of I 984) and that the company is limited by
Shares
(Men under my hand it Lahore this "fhirtieth iy or August. Ifv,nƒ 6+n and 'twelve,
Fee ICs2 0110/-
LI DOLLA)
TRAR CO/I. WES ';:r7ATION OFFLCE No..11(1, / i4,4;71V. ANNEX F - MEMORANDUM AND ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION
[SECP certified Memorandum of Association/Articles] \ cc) 'q.c.s'mo
cs=x- N.c:n
THE COMPANIES ORDINANCE, 1984 (COMPANY LIMITED BY SHARES) Memorandum of Association of TRICONBOSTON CONSULTING CORPORATION (PRIVATE) LIMITED.
I. The name of the Company is "TRICONBOSTON CONSULTING CORPORATION (PVT.) LTD". II. The Registered Office of the Company will be situated in the Province of Punjab. The objects for which the Company is established are all or any of the objects set out or Stated in the following
1. To carry on all or any of the businesses of generating, purchasing, importing, transforming, converting, distributing, supplying, exporting and dealing in electricity and all other forms of energy and products or services associated therewith and of promoting the conservation and efficient use of electricity and to perform all other ac L.6 which are necessary of incidental to the busine6s of elechicity generation, transmission, distribution and supply. 2. To locate, establish, construct, equip, operate, use, manage and maintain Wind Power plant, Solar power plants, thermal power plants, coal fired power plants, power grid station, transforming, switching, conversion, and transmission facilities, grid stations, cables, overhead lines, sub-stations, switching stations, tunnels, cable bridges, link boxes, heat pumps, plant and equipment for combined heat and power schemes, offices, computer centres, shops, dispensing machines for pre-payment cards and other devices, showrooms, depots, factories, workshops, plants, printing facilities, warehouses and other storage facilities. 3. To carry on all or any of the businesses of power generation, importers, exporters, suppliers, distributors, designers, developers, manufacturers, installer, filters, testers, repairers, maintainers, contractors, constructors, operators, users, inspectors, reconditioners, irnprovers, alterers, protectors, removers, hirers, replacers, importers and exporters of and dealers in, electrical appliances, systems, products and services used for energy conservation, equipments, machinery, materials and installations, including but not limited to cables, wires, meters, pylons, tracks, rails, pipelines and any other plant, apparatus equipment, systems and things incidental to the efficient generation, procurement, transformation, supply and distribution of electricity. 4. For the purposes of achieving the above objects, the company is authorized:-
(1) to purchase/import raw materials and allied items required in connection thereto in any manner the company may think fit;
(2) to do and perform all other acts and things as are incidental or conducive to the attainment of the objects of the company;
(3) to own, establish or have and maintain shops, branches and agencies all over Pakistan or elsewhere for sale and distribution of cables, wires, meters, pylons, tracks, rails, pipelines and any other plant, apparatus equipment, systems and things incidental to the efficient generation, procurement, transformation, supply and distribution of electricity; (4) to make known and give publicity to the business and products of the company by such means as the company may think fit;
(5) to purchase, acquire, protect, renew, improve, use and sell, whether in Pakistan or elsewhere any patent, right, invention, license, protection or concession which may appear advantageous or useful to the company for running the business;
(6) to pay all costs, charges and expenses, if any, incidental to the promotion, formation, registration and establishment of the company;
(7) to borrow and arrange the repayment of money from banks/financial institutions or any lawful sources whether in Pakistan or elsewhere and in such manner as the company may think fit, including the issue of debentures, preference shares, bonds, perpetual or otherwise charged upon the whole or any part of the company's property or assets, whether present or future, and to purchase, redeem or payoff such securities;
(8) to purchase, hold and get redeemed shares, debentures, bonds of any business, company, financial institution or any Government institutions;
(9) to guarantee the performance of contracts, agreements, obligations or discharge of any debt of the company or on behalf of any company or person in relation to the payment of any financial facility including but not limited to loans, advances, letters of credit or other obligations through creation of any or all types of mortgages, charges, pledges, hypothecations, on execution of the usual banking documents or instruments or otherwise encumbrance on any or all of the movable and immovable properties of the company, either present or future or both and issuance of any other securities or sureties by any other means in favour of banks, Non-Banking Finance Companies (NBFCs) or any financial institutions and to borrow money for purpose of the company on such terms and conditions as may be considered proper.
5. Notwithstanding any thing stated in any object clause the company shall obtain such other approval or license from competent authority as may be required under any law for the time being in force to undertake a particular business.
6. It is declared that notwithstanding anything contained in the foregoing object clauses of this Memorandum of Association nothing contained therein shall be construed as empowering the Company to undertake or to indulge in business of banking company, leasing, investment, managing agency, insurance business, any of the NBFC business, multi-level marketing (MLM), Pyramid and Ponzi Scheme, commodity, future contract or share trading business locally or internationally, directly or indirectly as restricted under the law or any unlawful operation.
IV. The liability of the members is limited. V. The Authorized Share Capital of the Company is Rs. 5,000,000/-(Rupees Fifty Lac only) divided into 50,000/-(Rupees Fifty Thousand only) ordinary shares of Rs. 100/-(Rupees One Hundred only) each with powers to the company from time to time to increase and reduce its capital subject to any permission required under the law. We, the several persons whose names and addresses are subscribed, are desirous of being formed into a company, in pursuance of the Memorandum of association and we respectively agree to take the number of shares in the capital of the company set opposite to our respective names:
Nationality Number of Father Name with any Residential Shares taken Name Occupation Signature /Husband name former Address in Full by the Nationality subscriber KHAN SHAHID KNo.516, TO AHMED Business Man Mohalla Wapda TUFAIL AHMED Pakistani 40,000 CNIC: 35200- Town, Block F- KHAN 9098441-9 2, Lahore. SHAHEENA H.No.516, W/0 NAVEED House Wife Mohalla Wapda NAVEED Pakistani 10,000 CNIC: 35202- Town, Block F- AHMED 2330557-4 2, Lahore. TOTAL NUMBER OF SHARES TAKEN 50,000/= (Fifty Thousand only)
Dated: 18 day of August, 2012.
Witness to above signature: TRUE 9OPY
National institutional Facilitation Technologies Pvt. Ltd. O/STRAR OF'C OMPANIES 5th Floor, AWT Plaza I.I. Chundrigar Road, 1:1`EGISTIMTION OFFICE Karachi, Pakistan. LAHORE.
3 CNC.c.ret Qrz.s,.\-04-\ VIN-vm,\
ec2cizOc\te;-Ny ut b Tilt GUNIPANIEDINitNCE, 1984 (COMPANY LIMITED BY SHARES) Articles of Association of TRICONBOSTON CONSULTING CORPORATION (PRIVATE) LIMITED.
1. The regulations contained in Table "A" in the First Schedule to the Companies Ordinance, 1984, shall not apply to the company except in so far as the same are expressly made applicable by the said Ordinance or these Articles. The regulations for management of the company, and for the observance thereof by the member of the company and their representatives shall, subject as aforesaid and to any exercise of the statutory powers of the company in reference to the repeal or alteration of, or addition to its regulations by Special Resolution as prescribed by the said Ordinance, be such as are contained in these Articles.
INTERPRETATION
2. In the interpretation or these Articles the following expressions shall have the following meanings, unless repugnant to or inconsistent with the subject or context:-
"The Ordinance" or "the said Ordinance" means the Companies Ordinance, 1984;
"Section" means section of the Ordinance
"The Company" or "this Company" means "TRICONBOSTON CONSULTING CORPORATION (PVT.) LTD".
"Directors" means the Directors and Alternate Directors for the time being of the Company, or, as the case may be, the Directors and Alternate Directors assembled at a Board and The Directors of the Forum shall be the Governing Body of the Forum.
"Board" means a meeting of the Directors duly called and contained, or, as the case may be, the Directors assembled at a board;
"Dividend" includes Bonus:
"Month" means calendar month;
"The Office" means the Registered Office for the time being of the Company;
"Persons" includes corporations as well as individuals;
"The Register" means the Register of Members to be kept pursuant to the Ordinance;
"The Seal", in relation to a Company, means the common seal of the Company. "In Writing" means written or printed or partly written and printed or lithographed or typewritten or other substitute for writing; Words importing singular number include the plural number;
Words importing plural number include the singular number;
Words importing masculine gender include the feminine gender;
Subject as aforesaid any world or expressions defined in the Ordinance shall except where the subject or context forbids, bear the same meaning in these articles;
PRIVATE COMPANY
3. The Company is a Private Company" within the meanings of Section 2(1) (28) of the Ordinance, and accordingly: (1) no invitation shall be issued to the public to subscribe for any shares of the company, (2) the number of the members of the Company (exclusive of persons in the employment of the Company) shall be limited to fifty, provided that for the purposes of this provision, where two or more persons hold one or more shares in the company jointly, they shaii oe treated as a single member; and (3) the right to transfer the shares of the Company is restricted in manner and to the extent herein appearing.
SHARES
4. The authorized share capital of the company is Rs. 5,000,000/-(Rupees Fifty lac only) divided into 50,000/-(Rupees fifty thousand only) ordinary share of Rs. 100/-(Rupees ,One Hundred only) each with power to increase or reduce capital to consolidate, the shares of; the capital to divide the shares in the capital for the time being into several classes.
5. The amount payable on application on each share shall be the full nominal amount of the shares.
6. Unless otherwise determined by unanimous vote of the Board all shares in the capital of the Company shall be offered for subscription to subscribers and subject to provisions of the law and these Articles, the Shares in the Capital of the Company, for the time being shall be under the control of the Directors, who may allot or otherwise dispose of the same or any of them to such persons, in such proportion and on such terms and conditions as they may from time to time think fit.
7. The Company shall not be bound to recognise any equitable, contingent, future, or partial claim to or interest in a share on the part of any person other than the registered shareholders, save as herein provided or save as ordered by some court of competent jurisdiction.
8. The certificates of title to shares shall be issued under the Seal of the Company and shall be signed by two directors.
9. Every person whose name is entered as a member in the register of members shall, without payment, be entitled to receive, within ninety days after allotment or within forty five days of
2 the application for registration of transfer, a certificate under the Seal specifying the shares or shares held by them and the amount paid up thereon.
9(a). The company shall not be bound to issue more than one certificate in respect of a share are shares held jointly by several persons and delivery of a certificate for a share to one of the several joint holders shall be sufficient delivery to all.
9(b). The company shall register transfer of the shares in the name of central depository within five days on receipt of an application for registration such transfer".
10.If any certificate be worn out or defaced, then upon production thereof, the Directors may order the same to be cancelled and may issue a new certificate in lieu thereof and if any certificate he lost or destroyed, then upon proof thereof to the satisfaction of the Directors and on such indemnity as the Directors deem fit being given, a new certificate in lieu thereof may be given to the party entitled to such lost or destroyed certificate on payment of rupees one only.
11.The certificate of shares registered in the name of two or more persons shall be delivered to the person first named on the register.
12.Except to the extent and in the manner allowed by Section 95 no part of the funds of the Company shall be employed in the purchase of, or in loans upon the security of, the Company's shares.
TRANSFER AND TRANSMISSION OF SHARES
13.The instruments of the transfer of any share in the Company shall be executed both by the transferor and the transferee, and the transferor shall be deemed to remain a holder of the share until the name of the transferee is entered in the Register of Members in respect thereof.
14.Shares in the Company shall be transferred in any usual or common form which the Director shall approve, but shares of different classes shall not be transferred by the same instrument.
15. Every instrument of transfer shall be left at the office for registration duly stamped accompanied by the certificate of shares to be transferred and such other evidence as the company may require proving the title of the transferor or his right to transfer the shares. All instruments of transfer which are to be registered shall be retained by the Company, but any instrument of transfer which the Directors may decline to register shall, on demand, be returned to the person depositing the same.
16.A fee not exceeding rupees two may be charged for each certificate transferred, and shall if required by the Directors be paid before the registration thereof.
17. Save and except as hereinafter provided, the Directors may in their absolute and uncontrolled discretion decline to register or acknowledge any transfer of shares and shall
3 not be bound to give any reason for such refusal. If the Directors refuse to register a transfer of any shares, they shall within thirty days after the date on which the transfer was lodged with the Company send to the transferee and the transferor, notice of the refusal.
18.Where it is proved to the satisfaction of the Director that an instrument of transfer signed by the transferor and transferee has been lost, the Company may if the Directors think fit, by an application in writing made by the transferee and bearing the stamp required by an instrument of transfer, register the transfer on such terms as to indemnity, as the Directors may think fit.
19. Any member proposing to transfer share shall be bound to offer his entire holding in The Company in the manner hereinafter provided and no member shall be entitled to dispose off his share to a person who is not already a member of the Company.
20. The shares specified in any transfer notice pursuant to clause 21 hereof may be transferred to one or more members or one or more person or persons (hereinafter referred to as the Purchaser) as may be determined by the Director at a price to be agreed upon between the proposing transferor and the purchaser and in default of agreement at the fair value mentioned in Article 23 hereof.
21. Any person proposing to transfer any share (hereinafter called the "Proposing Transferor") shall give notice in writing (hereinafter called the "Transfer Notice") to the Company that he desires to transfer shares held by him in the Company. Such notice shall constitute the Company as his agent for the sale of all his shares to any member of the Company or persons selected as aforesaid. The Transfer Notice shall not be revocable except with the sanction of the Directors.
22.If the Company shall within the period of one month after being served with such notice find a member or person selected as aforesaid willing to purchase the shares (hereinafter called the "Purchaser") and shall give notice thereof to the Proposing Transferor, who shall be bound upon the payment of the agreed price or fair value as the case may be to transfer the shares to the purchaser
23. (1) the fair value aforesaid shall be ascertained as follow:-
(a) The Company in general meeting may from time to time by resolution passed by majority of not less than threefourth in value of the holders of shares present and entitled to vote declare the fair value of a share.
(b) Such resolution shall remain in force until the expiration of one year after the passing thereof or for such less period as shall be specified therein.
(c) If at the time when a transfer notice is given as aforesaid any such resolution fixing the fair value is in force, the fair value fixed thereby shall be deemed to be the fair value of the shares comprised in such transfer notice.
4 (d) if at the time when a transfer notice is given as aforesaid no such resolution is in force and the proposing transferor and the purchaser are unable to agree as to the fair value of the shares, then the break-up value of said share based on the latest audited accounts of the company shall be deemed to be its fair value.
(2) Every member desirous of transferring his shares or being compelled to transfer the same hereby binds himself to accept for the share the amount per share so arrived at as aforesaid.
24.If in any case the proposing transferor, having become bound as aforesaid, makes default in transferring the shares, the Company may receive the purchase money and shall thereupon cause the name of the purchaser to be entered in the register as the holder of the share and shall hold the purchase money in trust for the proposing transferor. The receipt of the Company for the purchase money shall be a good discharge to the purchaser, and after his name has been entered in the Register in purported exercise of the aforesaid power, the validity of the proceedings shall not be questioned by any person.
25.If the Company does not, within the period of one month after being served with the transfer notice, find a member or person selected as aforesaid, willing to purchase the shares and give notice in manner aforesaid, the proposing Transferor shall at any time within three months afterwards he at liberty to sell and transfer the shares to any person at any price.
26. Every share specified in any transfer notice to the Company pursuant to clause 21 hereof shall be offered to the members in such proportion as they may unanimously agree upon or in the proportion to the respective holding or as near thereto as possible if there is no unanimous agreement.
27. The Directors may be unanimous decision admit any person not already a member to become a member by issue of new shares or by transfer of existing shares, if it is in the interest of the Company subject to restriction of section 86 of The Companies Ordinance, 1984.
28. The executors, administrators, heirs, or nominees, as the case may be, of a deceased sole holder of a share shall be the only persons recognized by The Company as having any title to the share In the case of a share registered in the names of two or more holders, the survivors or survivor, or the executors or administrators of the deceased survivors, shall he the only persons recognized by the Company as having any title to the shares.
29. Any person becoming entitled to a share in consequence of the death or insolvency of a member shall. upon such evidence being produced as may from time to time be required by the Directors, have the right, either to be registered as a member in respect of the share or, instead of being registered himself, to make such transfer of the share as the deceased or insolvent person could have made; but the Directors shall, in either case, have the same right to decline or suspend registration as they would have had in the case of a transfer of the share by the deceased or insolvent person before the death or insolvency.
5 30. A person becoming entitled to a share by reason of the death or insolvency of the holder shall be entitled to the same dividends and other advantages to which he would be entitled if he were the registered holder of the share, except that he shall not, before being registered as a member in respect of the share, be entitled in respect of it to exercise any right conferred by membership in relation to meeting of the Company.
ALTERATION OF CAPITAL
31. The Company may, from time to time, by special resolution increase the share capital by such sum, to be divided into shares of such amount, as the resolution prescribes.
32. Subject to the provisions of the Ordinance, all new shares shall, before issue, be offered to such persons as at the date of the offer are entitled to receive notices from the Company of general meetings in proportion, as nearly as the circumstances admit, to the amount of the existing shares to which they are entitled. The offer shall be made by notice specifying the number of shares offered and limiting a time within which the offer, if not accepted, will be deemed to be declined, and after the expiration of that time or on the receipt of an intimation from the person to whom the offer is made that he declines to accept the shares offered, the directors may dispose of the same in such manner as they think most beneficial to the company. The directors may likewise so dispose of any new shares which (by reason of the ratio which the new shares bear to shares held by persons entitled to an offer of new shares) cannot, in the opinion of the directors, be conveniently offered under this regulation.
33. The new shares shall be subject to the same provisions with references to transfer, transmission and otherwise as the shares in the original share capital.
34. The Company may, by ordinary resolution
(a) Consolidate and divide its share capital into shares of larger amount than its existing shares;
(b) Sub-divide its existing shares or any of them into shares of smaller amount than is fixed by the memorandum of association, subject nevertheless, to the provisions of clause (d) of sub-section (1) of section 92;
(c) Cancel any shares which, at the date of the passing of the resolution, have not been taken or agreed to be taken by any person.
35. The Company may, by special resolution, reduce its share capital in any manner and with, and subject to, any incident authorized and consent required by law.
BORROWING POWER
36. Subject to the provisions of the Ordinance the Directors may from time to time at their absolute discretion raise or borrow any sum or sums of money for the purposes of the Company from any persons, banks, firms or companies, particularly a person holding the
6 office of Director, and may secure the payment of such money in such manner and upon such terms and conditions in all respects as they think fit and in particular by the issue of debentures or debenture stocks or redeemable capital of the Company or by making, drawing, accepting, or endorsing on behalf of the Company any promissory note or bills of exchange or giving or issuing any other security of the Company.
37.Debentures and other securities may be made assignable free from any equities between the Company and the persons to whom the same may be issued.
38.Any debentures or other security may be issued at a discount, premium or otherwise and with any special privilege as to redemption, surrender, drawing, allotment of shares, attending and voting at general meeting of the Company or otherwise subject to the approval required under the law.
MEETINGS
39. An annual general meeting of the Company shall be held within eighteen months from the date of its incorporation and thereafter once at least in every year within a period of four months following the close of its financial year at such time and place as may be determined upon by the Company in general meeting or in default of any such determination, by the Directors, but not more than fifteen months shall elapse between any two such meetings.
40. All general meeting other than an annual general meeting shall be called extraordinary general meeting.
41. The Directors may whenever they think fit, and they shall upon a requisition made in writing by members holding in the aggregate not less than one tenth of the voting power on the date of deposit of requisition forthwith proceed to call an extraordinary general meeting and in the case of such requisition the provisions of Section 159 of The Ordinance shall apply.
42.At least twenty one days' notice of any general meeting specifying the place, day and hour of meeting and in the case of special business, the general nature of such business shall be given to the members in manner hereinafter mentioned or in such other manner as may from time to time be prescribed by the Company in general meeting. The accidental omission to give any such notice to or the non receipt of any such notice by any member shall not invalidate the proceedings at any general meeting or any resolution passed thereat.
PROCEEDING AT GENERAL MEETINGS
43. The business of an annual general meeting shall be to receive and consider the profit and loss account, the balance sheet and the reports of the Directors and the Auditors, election of directors, appointment of auditors and fixing their remuneration, to declare dividends and to transact any other business which under these presents ought to be transacted at an annual general meeting. All other business transacted at an annual general meeting and all business transacted at an extraordinary general meeting shall be deemed special.
7 44. Two member present in person who represent not less than twenty five percent of the total voting power either of their own account or as proxies shall constitute a quorum for a general meeting. A company represented by its authorized representative shall be deemed to be personally present.
45.No business shall be transacted at any general meeting unless the requisite quorum shall be present at the commencement of business.
46. The Chairman of the board of Directors, shall preside as Chairman at every general meeting of the Company, but if there is no such Chairman, or if at any meeting he is not present within fifteen minutes after the time appointed for the meeting, or is unwilling to act as chairman, any one of the Directors present may be elected to be Chairman, and if none of the Directors is present or willing to act as Chairman, the members present shall choose one of their number to be Chairman.
47. If within half an hour from the time appointed for the holding of a general meeting the requisite quorum be not present, the meeting if convened on the requisition of or by members shall be dissolved and in every other case shall stand adjourned to the same day in the following week at the same hour and place, and if at such adjourned meeting the requisite quorum be not present, those members who are present being not less than two shall constitute quorum and may transact the business for which the meeting was called.
48. The Chairman may, with the consent of any meeting at which a quorum is present (and shall if so directed by the meeting ), adjourn the meeting from time to time but no business shall be transacted at any adjourned meeting other than the business left unfinished at the meeting from which the adjournment took place. When a meeting is adjourned for ten days or more, notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given as in the case of an original meeting. Save as aforesaid, it shall not be necessary to give any notice of an adjournment or of the business to be transacted at an adjourned meeting.
49. Every question submitted to any general meeting shall be decided in the first instance by a show of hands and in the case of equality of votes the chairman shall both on a show of hands and at the poll have a casting vote in addition to the vote or votes to which he may be entitled as a member.
50.At any general meeting the Chairman of the meeting, or any member or members holding not less than one tenth of the issued share capital which carries voting rights, shall be entitled to demand a poll, provided where the number of persons present are less than seven, one member can demand a poll. Unless a poll is demanded, as aforesaid before or on the declaration of the result on the show of hands, a declaration of the chairman that a resolution has been carried or carried by a particular majority, and an entry to that effect in the books of the proceedings of the meeting, shall be sufficient evidence of the fact so declared, without proof of the number or proportion of the votes given for or against the resolution.
51. If a poll is demanded as aforesaid it shall be taken in such manner and at such time and place as the chairman of the meeting directs, either at once or after an interval or adjournment or otherwise and the result of the poll shall be deemed to be the resolution of
8 the meeting at which the poll was demanded. The demand of the poll may be withdrawn. The demand of a poll shall not present the continuances of a meeting for the transaction of any business other than the question on which a poll has been demanded.
52.A poll shall be demanded on the appointment of a chairman or on a question of adjournment.
VOTES OF MEMBERS
53. Subject to any right or restrictions for the time being attached to any class or classes of shares, on a show of hands every member present in person shall have one vote except for election of Directors in which case the provisions of Section 178 shall apply. On a poll every member shall have voting rights as laid down in Section 160.
54. A member of sound mind, or in respect of whom an order has been made by any court having jurisdiction in lunacy, may vote, whether on show of hands or on a poll, by his committee or other legal guardian, and any such committee or guardian may, on a pot, vote by proxy.
55. In case of joint holders, the vote of the senior who tender a vote whether in person or by proxy, shall he accepted to the exclusion of the votes of the other jointholders; and for this purpose seniority shall be determined by the order in which the names stand in the register of members. Several executors or administrators of a deceased member in whose name ordinary shares stand shall for the purposes of this article be deemed joint holders of such shares.
56.On a poll votes may be given either personally or by proxy: Provided that no body corporate shall vote by proxy as long as a resolution of its Directors in accordance with the provisions of Section 162 is in force.
57.No person shall be appointed a proxy who is not a member of the company and qualified to vote save that a corporation being a member of the Company may appoint as its representative any person whether a member of the Company or not. An attorney of a member need not himself be a member .
58. The instrument appointing a proxy, and every power of attorney or other authority (if any), under which it is signed or a materially certified copy of that power or authority shall be deposited at the reaistered office of the company, not less than 48 hours before the time for holding the meeting, otherwise the instrument of proxy shall not be treated as valid.
59.A vote given in accordance with the terms of a power of attorney or of an instrument of proxy shall be valid not withstanding the previous death of the principal or revocation of the power or instrument or the transfer of the share in respect of which the vote is given, provided no intimation in writing of the death, revocation or transfer shall have been received at the office before the meeting. The instrument appointing a proxy shall be in writing under the hand of the appointer or his attorney and shall be as nearly as circumstances will admit in the form or to the effect as provided in Regulation 39 of Table" A" in the First Schedule to the Ordinance. 9 DIRECTORS 60. The number of Directors shall not be less than two. The following shall be first Directors of the Company who will hold the office upto the first Annual General Meeting.
(1). KHAN SHAHID AHMED. (2). SHAHEENA NAVEED.
61.If any loan(s) in foreign and or local currency is /are arranged and the conditions attaching to the advancing of such loan(s) provide, the loan giving agency/ agencies shall have the right to nominate, from time to time, during the subsistence of such loan(s) on the Board of the Company one or more Directors, as per terms of the loans agreement. The loan giving agency/ agencies shall also have the right to remove the Directors(s) so appointed and to appoint any substitute thereof. Such director(s) need not himself/themselves be member(s) of the company.
62. The remuneration of Directors for performing extra services, including the holding of the office of chairman shall be determined by the company in general meeting.
63. The remuneration to be paid to any Director for attending the meeting of Director or committee of directors shall not exceed the limit prescribed under the Corporate Laws of the land
64. The Directors shall from time to time appoint any person to the office of Chief Executive for such term as provided in the Ordinance and with such powers, and at such remuneration (whether by way of salary, or commission, or participation in profits, or partly in one way and partly in another) as they or the company in general meeting may think fit and such appointment shall not be for a period exceeding three years from the date of appointment.
65.Election of the Directors will he according to the procedures laid down in section 178 of the ordinance.
66. The Director may from time to time entrust to and confer upon the Chief Executive for the time being such of the powers exercisable under these presents by the Directors as they may think fit, and may confer such powers for such time, and to exercise for such objects and purposes, and upon such terms and conditions, and with such restrictions, as they think expedient, and they may confer such powers either collaterally with or to the exclusion of and in substitution for all or any of the powers of the Directors in that behalf, and may from time to time revoke, withdraw, alter or vary all or any of such powers.
67.If any Director, being willing, shall be called upon to perform extra services or to make any special exertions in going or temporarily residing out of Pakistan or otherwise for any of the purposes of the company, the company shall remunerate such Director all charges and traveling expenses as may be determined by the Directors.
68. The continuing Directors may act notwithstanding any vacancy in their body, but if the number falls below the minimum above fixed, the Director shall not, except for the purpose of filling vacancies, act so long as the number remains below the minimum.
10 69. Save as provided in section 187, no person shall be appointed as director unless he is member of the company.
70. A Director may with the approval of the Board appoint an alternate Director to act for him during his absence for a period of not less than three months from Pakistan and such appointment shall have effect and such appointee while he holds office as Alternate Director shall be entitled to notice of meetings and vacate office if and when the appointer returns to Pakistan or vacates office as Director or removes the appointee from office, and any appointment and removal under this Article shall be effected by notice in writing under the hand of the Director making the same. The assignment of office by Directors other than the foregoing shall be subject of approval by a special resolution of the Company.
71. Subject as herein otherwise provided or to the terms of any subsisting agreements, the office of a Director shall be vacated if:
(a) He becomes ineligible to be appointed a director on any one or more of the grounds enumerated in clauses (a) to (h) of section 187;
(b) He absents himself from three consecutive meetings of the directors or from all the meeting of the directors for a continuous period of three months, whichever is the longer. without leave of absence from the directors;
(c) He or any firm of which he is a partner or any private company of which he is a director:-
(i) Without the sanction of the company in general meeting accepts or holds any office of profit under the company other than that of chief executive or a legal or technical adviser or a banker; or
(ii)Accepts a loan or guarantee from the company in contravention of section 195.
72. Subject to the provision of section 178(1) of the Companies Ordinance, 1984, the company, in general meeting may from time to time increase or reduce the number of Directors.
73. The Company may by resolution in general meeting remove any Director, provided that a resolution for removing a director shall not be deemed to have been passed unless the requirements of Section 181 of the Ordinance have been complied with.
74. No person shall be eligible for election to the office of Director at any general meeting unless he has at least fourteen clear days before the meeting left at the Company's office a notice in writing duly signed signifying his candidature for office.
PROCEEDING OF DIRECTORS
75. The Director may meet together for the dispatch of business, adjourn and otherwise regulate their meetings, as they think fit. Questions arising at any meeting shall be decided by a majority of votes. In case of an equality of votes the chairman shall have and exercise a second or casting vote.
76. (1) A director may, and the secretary on the requisition of a director shall, at any time summon a meeting of directors. It shall not be necessary to give notice of a meeting of directors who is for the time being absent from Pakistan.
(2) The quorum for the meeting of the directors shall be one half of their number or two whichever is greater.
77.The Directors may elect a chairman of their meetings and determine the period for which he is to hold office, but, if no such chairman is elected, or if at any meeting the chairman is not present within ten minutes after the time appointed for holding the same or is unwilling to act as chairman, the directors present may choose one of their number to be chairman of the meeting.
78.The Director may deiegate any of their powers not required to be exercised in their meeting to committees consisting of such member or members of their body as they think fit, any committee so formed shall, in the exercise of the powers so delegated, conform to any restrictions that may be imposed on them by the Directors.
79.A committee may elect a chairman of its meeting, but, if no such chairman is elected, or if at any meeting the chairman is not present within ten minutes after the time appointed for holding the same or is unwilling to act as chairman, the members present may choose one of their numbers to be chairman of the meeting.
80.A committee may meet and adjourn as it thinks proper. Question arising at any meeting shall be determined by a majority of votes of the members present. In case of an equality of votes, the chairman shall have ana exercise a second or casting vote
81.All acts done by any meeting of the directors or of a committee of Directors or by any person acting as a Director, shall, notwithstanding that it be afterwards discovered that there was some defect in the appointment of any such Directors or persons acting as aforesaid, or that they or any of them were disqualified, be as valid as if every such person had been duly appointed and was qualified to he a Director.
82.A resolution in writing signed by all the Directors for the time being entitled to receive notice of a meeting of the Directors shall be as valid and effectual as if it had been passed at a meeting of the Directors duly convened and held.
POWERS OF DIRECTORS
83.The business of the company shall be managed by the Directors who may exercise all such powers and do all such acts and things as the company by its Memorandum of Association or otherwise authorized to exercise and do and are not hereby or by statute directed or required to be exercised or done by the Company in general meeting subject nevertheless to the provisions of the Ordinance and of the Memorandum of Association and these articles
12 and such regulation not being inconsistent with the Memorandum of Association and these Articles from time to time made by the Company in general meeting shall not invalidate any prior act of the Directors which would have been if such regulations had not been made.
84. Without prejudice to the general powers conferred by the last preceding article and the other powers conferred by Section 196 of the Ordinance, the Directors shall have the following powers that is to say powers:
(a) To pay the costs, charges and expenses preliminary and incidental to the promotion, establishment and registration of the Company.
(b) To take lease, purchase or otherwise acquire for the Company any property, rights or privileges which the Company is authorized to acquire at such price and generally on such terms and conditions as they think fit.
(c) To appoint any person or persons to hold in trust for the Company any property belonging to the Company or in which it is interested for any other purposes, and execute and do all such instruments and things as may be require in relation to any such trust subject to any restriction under the law.
(d) To sell, let, exchange or otherwise dispose on absolutely or conditionally all or any part of the property, privileges and undertaking of the Company upon such terms and conditions and for such consideration as they think fit.
(e) To buy or procure the supply of all plant, machinery, materials, stores, fuel, implements and other movable property required for the purposes of the Company.
(f) To sell and dispose off ail articles and goods manufacture or dealt in by the Company.
(g) To engage, fix and pay the remuneration or dismiss or discharge all managers, engineers, agents, secretaries, or clerks, servants, workmen and other persons employed or to be employed in or in connection with the Company's business.
(h) To appoint any person or persons to be the attorneys of the Company for such purposes and with powers, authorities and discretions, not exceeding those vested in or exercisable by the Directors, and subject to such conditions, as the documents representing or relating to the same.
(i) To enter into, carry out, rescind or vary all financial arrangements with any banks, persons or corporations for or in connection with the Company's business or affairs and pursuant to or in connection with such arrangements to deposit, pledge or hypothecate any property of the Company or the documents representing or relating to the same.
(j) To make and give receipts, release and other discharges for moneys payable to the Company and for the claims and demands of the Company.
13 (k) To compound and allow time for the payment or satisfaction of any debts due to or by the Company and any claims and demands by or against the Company and to refer any claims or demands by or against the Company to arbitration and observe and perform the awards.
(I) To draw, accept, endorse and negotiate for and on behalf of the Company, all such cheques, bills of exchange, promissory notes, hundies, drafts, government and other securities as shall be necessary in or for carrying on the affairs of the Company.
(m) To institute, prosecute, defend, compromise, withdraw or abandon any legal proceeding by or against the Company or its officers or otherwise concerning the affairs of the Company.
(n) To invest and deal with any of the moneys of the Company not immediately required for the purposes thereof upon such securities or investments and in such manner as they may think fit and from time to time to vary or realize such securities and investments.
(o) To enter into such negotiations and contracts and rescind or vary all such contracts and execute and do all such acts, deeds and things in the name and on behalf of the Company as they may consider expedient for the purposes of the Company.
(p) To pay for any property or rights acquired by or services rendered to the Company or the premium payable in respect of any leases taken by the Company either wholly or partially in cash or in shares, bonds, debentures, debenture stock or other securities of the Company and any such shares to be issued as fully paid up and any such bond, debentures, debentures stocks or securities to be either specifically charged upon all or any parts of the property of the Company.
(q) To insure against fire or other loss or accident all or any of the properties of the Company as the Directors may from time to time think fit.
(r)To open accounts with any bank or bankers or with any company, firm or individual and to pay money into and draw money from any such account from time to time as the Directors may think fit.
THE SEAL
85. The Directors shall provide for the safe custody of the seal and the seal shall not be affixed to any instrument except by the authority of a resolution of the board of Directors or by a committee of Directors authorized in that behalf by the Directors and in the presence of at least two Directors or one director and secretary or such other person as the Directors may appoint for the purposes; and those two Directors or one director and secretary or the other person as aforesaid shall sign every instrument to which the seal of the Company is so affixed in their presence.
14 DIVIDENDS AND RESERVE
86. The Company in general meeting may d ,clare dividends but no dividend shall exceed the amount recommended by the directors.
87. The directors may from time to time pay to the members such interim dividends as appear to the directors to be justified by the profits of the Company.
88. No dividend shall be paid otherwise than out of the profits of the Company.
89. Subject to the rights of persons (if any) entitled to shares with special rights as to dividends shall be declared and paid according to the amounts paid on the shares.
89-A. Dividend shall not he paid out of unrealized gain on investment property credited to profit and loss account.
90. The directors may, before recommending any divided, set aside out of the profits of the Company such sums as they think proper as a reserve or reserves which shall, at the discretion of the directors, be applicable for meeting contingences, or for equalizing dividends, or for any other purpose to which the profits of the Company may be properly applied, and pending such applications may, at the like discretion, either he employed in the business of Company or be invested in such investments (other than shares of the Company) as the directors may, subject to the provisions of the Ordinance, from time to time think fit.
91. The directors may carry forward any profits which they may think prudent not to distribute, without setting them aside as a reserve.
92. If several persons are registered as jointholders of any share any one of them may give effectual receipts for any dividend payable on the share.
93. The company in general meeting may declare a dividend to be paid to the members according to the rights and interests in the profits and may fix the time of payments not exceeding thirty days from declaration of dividend but no larger dividend shall be declared than is recommended by the Director.
94. A transfer of shares shall not pass the right to any dividend declared thereon before the registration of the transfer.
95. Any one of several persons who are registered as jointholders of any shares may give effectual receipts for all dividends and payments in respect thereof,
96. Unless, otherwise directed, dividend shall be paid by warrant sent through the post to the registered address of the member entitled or in the case of jointholders to the registered address of that one whose name stands first on the register in respect of the joint holding
15 and every cheque or warrant so sent shall he made payable to the order of the person to whom it is sent.
97. All dividends unclaimed for any one year after having been declared may be invested or otherwise made use of by the Directors for the benefits of the Company until claimed.
98. Any general meeting declaring a dividend may direct payment of such dividend wholly or in part by the distribution of specific assets and in particular of paid up shares or debentures of the Company or paid up shares or debentures of any other company, or in any one or more of such ways, and the Directors shall give effect to such resolution, and where any difficulty arises in regard to the distribution they may settle the same as they think expedient and may fix the value for distribution of such specific assets or any part thereof and may determine that cash payments shall be made to any members upon the footing of the value so fixed in order to adjust the rights of all parties and may vest any such specific assets in trustees upon trusts for the persons entitled to the dividend as may seem expedient to the Directors.
ACCOUNTS
99. The Directors shall cause to be kept proper books of accounts with respect to all sums of money received and expected by the Company and matters in respect of which such receipt and expenditure take place and of all sales and purchases of goods by the company and of all assets and liabilities of the Company as required under Section 230 of the Ordinance.
100.The books of accounts shall be kept at the registered office of the Company or at any other place, arid the Directors shall from time to time determine whether and to what extent and at what time and place and under conditions or regulations the accounts and books of the Company shall be open to the inspection of the members and no member not being a Director shall have any right of inspecting any account or books or document of the Company except as conferred by any enactment or authorized by the Directors or by a resolution of the Company in General Meeting.
101.At each Annual General Meeting in every year the Directors shall lay before the members a profit and loss account and a balance sheet made upto-a-date not more than four months before the meeting from the time when the last preceding account and balance sheet were made up, or in the case of the first such account and the balance sheet from the date of incorporation of the Company.
102. Every such balance sheet shall have attached thereto the Auditors' Report and shall be accompanied by a Report of the Directors as to the state and conditions of the Company and as to the amount, if any, which they recommend to be paid out of the profits by way of dividend or bonus to the members and the amounts, if any, which they decide to carry to reserve according to the provisions in that behalf hereinbefore contained and such account balance sheet and report shall be signed by chief executive and one director.
103. A copy of such account, balance sheet and report shall he placed, before the General Meeting.
16 AUDIT
104. Once at least in every year the accounts of the Company shall be examined and the correctness of the profit and loss account and balance sheet ascertained by an Auditor or Auditors and the provisions of the Ordinance in regard to audit and the appointment and qualification of Auditors shall be observed.
NOTICES
105.A notice may be given by the Company to any member either personally or by sending it by post to his registered address or (if he has no registered address in Pakistan) to the address, if any, within Pakistan supplied by him to the Company for giving of notices to him.
106.Each holder of registered shares whose registered place of address is not in Pakistan may from time to time notify in writing to the Company an address in Pakistan which shall be deemed his registered place of address within the meaning of last preceding clause.
107.Where a notice is sent by post, services of the notice shall be deemed to be effected by properly addressing, prepaying and posting a letter containing the notice and unless the contrary is proved to have been effected at the time at which the letter would be delivered in the ordinary course of post and a certificate in writing signed by the Manager, Secretary or other officer of the Company that the envelope or wrapper containing the notice was so addressed and posted, shall be conclusive evidence thereof.
108.If a member has no registered address in Pakistan and has not supplied to the company an address within Pakistan for the giving of notices to him, a notice addressed to him and advertised in a newspaper circulating in the neighbourhood of the registered office of the Company shall be deemed to be duly given to him on the day on which the advertisement appears.
109.Any notice by Court of Law or otherwise required or allowed to be given by the Company to the members or any of them by advertisement shall be considered sufficiently advertised, if advertised once in any daily newspaper circulating in Pakistan.
110.A notice may be given by the Company to the joint holders of a share by giving the notice to the jointholder named first in the Register in respect of the share. Several executors or administrators of deceased member shall be deemed to be jointly entitled for the purpose of this article.
111.A notice may be given by the Company to the persons entitled to a share in consequence of the death or insolvency of a member by sending it through the post in a prepaid letter addressed to them by name or by the title of representatives of the deceased or assignee of the insolvent or by any like description at the address(if any) in Pakistan supplied for the purpose by the persons claiming to be entitled or ( unless such an address has been so supplied) by giving notice, in any manner in which the same might have been given if the death or insolvency had not occurred.
l7 112.Every person who, by operation of law, transfer or other means whatsoever shall become entitled to any shares shall be bound by every notice in respect of such share which, previous to his name and address and title to the share being notified to the Company, shall be duly given to the persons from whom he derives his title.
113.Notice of every general meeting shall be given in some manner hereinbefore authorized to (a) every member of the Company except those members who (having no registered address within Pakistan) have not supplied to the company an address within Pakistan for the giving of notice to them and also (b) every person entitled to a share in consequence of the death or insolvency of a member, who but for his death or insolvency, would be entitled to receive notice of the meeting, and (c) to the auditors of the Company for the time being.
114. The Signature to any notice to be given by the Company may be written or printed.
115.Where a given number of days' notice or notices extending over any other period are required to be given, the day of services shall unless it is otherwise provided be counted in such number of days or other period.
WINDING UP
116. If the Company shall be wound up and net assets available for distribution among the members shall be more than sufficient to repay the whole of the Capital paid up at the commencement of the winding up, the excess shall be distributed among the members in proportion to the Capital paid at the commencement of the winding up on shares held by them respectively, and if in a winding up the assets available as aforesaid shall be insufficient to repay the whole of the paid up Capital such assets shall be distributed so that as nearly as may be the losses shall be borne by the members in proportion to the Capital paid up, or which ought to have been paid up on the shares at the commencement of the winding up held by them respectively, but this clause is to be without prejudice to the rights of the holders of shares issued upon special term and conditions.
117.If the Company shall he wound up (whether voluntarily or otherwise) the liquidator may with the sanction of special Resolution, divide amongst the contributories in specie or kind any part of the assets of the Company and may with the like sanction vest any part of the assets of the Company in trustees upon such trusts for the benefits of the contributories or any of them as the liquidator with the like sanction shall think fit.
INDEMNITY
118. Every officer or agent for the time being of the Company may be indemnified out of the assets of the company against any liability incurred by him in defending any proceedings, whether civil or criminal, arising out of his dealing in relation to the affairs of the Company, except those brought by the Company against him, in which judgement is given in his favour or in which he is acquired, or in connection with any application under Section 488 in which relief is granted to him by the Court.
18 119.No director or other officer of the company shall he liable for the acts, receipts, neglect or default of any other director or officer or for joining in any receipt or other act for conformity or for any loss or expenses happening to the company through the insufficiently or deficiency of title to any property acquired by order of the directors, for or on behalf of the Company or for the insufficiency or deficiency of any security of investment in or upon which any of the moneys of the company shall be invested or for any loss or damage arising from the bankruptcy, insolvency or tortuous act of any person with whom any moneys, securities or effect shall be deposited or for any loss occasioned by any error of judgement or oversight on his part or for any other loss, damage or misfortune whatever which shall happen in the execution of the duties of his office or in relation thereto unless the same happens through his dishonesty. ARBITRATION
120. Whenever any difference arises between the Company on the one hand and any of the members, their executors, administrators or assignees on the other hand touching the intent or construction or the incidence or consequences of these presents, or of the statutes or touching anything men or thereafter done, executed, omitted or suffered in pursuance of these presents or of the statutes or touching any breach or alleged breach or otherwise relating to the premises, or to any statute affecting the Company, or to any of the affairs of the shares of company every such differences shall be referred to the decision of an arbitrator to he appointed by the parties in difference or if they cannot agree upon a single arbitrator to the decision of two arbitrators of whom one shall be appointed by each of the parties in difference or an umpire to be appointed by the two arbitrators.
121.The cost of an incidental to any such reference and award shall be in the discretion of the arbitrator or arbitrators or umpire respectively who may determine the amount thereof and direct the same to be taxed as between attorney and client or otherwise, and may award by whom and in what manner they shall be borne and paid.
122. The submission to arbitration shall be subject as to the mode and consequence of the reference, and in all other respect to the provisions of the Arbitration Act, 1940 or any statutory modification thereof for the time being in force.
SECRECY CLAUSE
123. Every director, manager, member of the committee, officer, servant, accountant or other person employed in the business of the company shall if so required by the director before entering upon his duties, sign a declaration pledging to observe a strict secrecy respecting all transactions of the company with the customers and the state of accounts with individuals, matters relating thereto and shall by such declaration pledge himself not to reveal any of the matters which come to his knowledge in the discharge of his duties except when required so to do by the directors or by a court of law and except so far as may be necessary in order to comply with any of the provisions in these present contained.
1 9 We, the several persons whose names and addresses are subscribed, are desirous of being formed into a company, in pursuance of the Article of association and we respectively agree to take the number of shares in the capital of the company set opposite to our respective names:
Nationality Number of Father Name with any Residential Shares taken Name Occupation Signature /Husband name former Address in Full by the Nationality subscriber KHAN SHAHID H.No.516, S/0 Business AHMED Mohalla Wapda 40,000 TUFAIL AHMED Pakistani Man CNIC. 35200- Town, Block F-2, KHAN 9098441-9 Lahore. SHAHEENA H.No.516, W/O NAVEED House Wife Mohalla Wapda NAVEED Pakistani 10,000 CNIC: 35202- Town, Block F-2, AHMED 2330557-4 Lahore. TOTAL NUMBER OF SHARES TAKEN 50,000/= ( Fifty Thousand only)
Dated: 18 day of August, 2012.
Witness to above signature:
National Institutional Facilitation CERT TRUE COP/ Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 5th Floor, AVVT Plaza I.I. Chundrigar Road, \-7 Karachi, Pakistan.
DEPUT,' R RAR CF CO PANTS C 0 A4 FA GiSTRATION AHORE.
20 4V
ANNEX G - DETAIL OF GENERATION FACILITY/WIND FARM
General Information I. Name of Applicant: TriconBoston Consulting Corporation (Private) Limited 2. Registered Office: 7-A/K, Main Boulevard, Gulberg 11, Lahore 3. Business Office: 7-A/K, Main Boulevard, Gulberg II, Lahore 4. Type of Generation Facility: Wind Power
SUMMARY
Plant Location Jhimpir, District Thatta, Sindh. Pakistan
Manufacturer General Electric (GE)
Wind Turbine Generator GE 1.6 xle
Hub Height 80 meters
Number of Turbines 31
Total Installed Capacity (Approx.) 50 MW
Expected Life of Facility 20 Years
Expected Date of Financial Close May 2016
Expected COD September 2017 Wind Turbine Generator (WTG) Technical Data
(a). Rotor
(i). Number of Blades 3 (ii). Rotor Speed 9.8 — 18.7 rpm (iii). Rotor Diameter 82.5 m (iv). Swept Area 5346 m2 (v). Power Regulation Combination of blade pitch angle adjustment, and generator/converter torque control (vi). Rated Power at 12 m/s (air density = 1.225 kg/m2) (vii). Cut-in wind speed 3 m/s (viii). Cut-out wind speed 25 m/s (ix). Survival wind speed 3s 56 m/s, 10 min 40 m/s Electric motor drives a ring gear mounted to the (x). Pitch regulation inner race of the blade pitch bearing
(b). Blades
(i). Blade Length 40.3 m (ii). Material Fiberglass polyester resin (iii). Weight 6,200 kg
(c). Gearbox
(i). Type Three-stage planetary/helical gear design (ii). Gear ratio 1 : 104.5 (iii). Weight 15,800 kg (iv). Oil quantity 300 — 450 litres (v). Main shaft bearing Roller bearing mounted in a pillow-block housing arrangement
(d). Generator
(i). Power 1,600 kW (ii). Voltage 690 V (iii). Type Double-fed asynchronous generator, air-cooled Range: 1000 — 2000 rpm (synchronous speed (iv). Speed 1500 rpm)
(v). Enclosure class IP 54 (vi). Coupling Flexible coupling (vii). Efficiency > 97% (viii). Weight 8,450 kg (ix). Power factor +0.95 to -0.95
(e). Yaw System
(i). Yaw bearing Roller bearing (ii). Brake Planetary yaw drives (with brakes that engage when the drive is disabled) (iii). Yaw drive 4 planetary yaw drives (iv). Speed 0.5 degree/s
(f). Control System
(i). Type Automatic or manually controlled (ii). Grid connection Via IGBT converter Remote monitoring of more than 300 different (iii). Scope of monitoring parameters, e.g. temperature sensors, pitch parameters, speed, generator torque, wind speed and direction, etc. (iv). Recording Production data, event list, long and short-term trends
(g). Brake
(i). Design Three independent systems, fail safe (individual pitch) (ii). Operational brake Aerodynamic brake achieved by feathering blades (iii). Secondary brake Mechanical brake on (high speed) shaft of gearbox
(h). Tower
(i). Type Cylindrical tubular steel tower (ii). Hub heights Tubular tower 80 m
GE 1.6xle Power Curve
1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
-1 800
600
400
200
0 3.5 4.5 5.5 6.5 7.5 8.5 9.5 10.5 11.512.5 13.514.5 15.516.5 17.518.5 19.520.5 21.522.5 21524.5 Wind Speed m/s I 14
Generation Capacity Information TBCCPL - C
Information regarding the Generation Capacity of TriconBoston Consulting Corporation (Private) Limited approximately 50MW Wind Power Project (TBCCPL-C) in respect of the following:
1. Total Installed Capacity of the Plant (Gross ISO) 49.6 MW De-rated Capacity at Mean Site Conditions (on account of 2. Air Density, humidity, temperature, Wake effect, wind 46.3 MW direction, rain, etc.)
3. Auxiliary Consumption 1.09 MW
4. Total Net Capacity of Plant at Mean Site Conditions 45.21 MW Proposed Schematic
Tricon Boston-A 50 MW Wind Farm 31x1.6 MW WTGs
V. IIIC. II • * * 1' 1' • I I I.1 1 1 I
II I LLT.I1
- • •
Legend Skctc1-5
,-.....,, ,I..0.,..1■,,,..,,I.,...1 Site Location and Maps The Project will be located at Jhimpir, District Thatta, Province of Sindh (the "Site") in the wind corridor identified by the Alternative Energy Development Board ("AEDB"). This area has been extensively surveyed and is identified as having strong potential for sites of several wind farms.
Furthermore, in view of the Company's commitment to the Project, AEDB handed over the physical possession of the Site to the Company on 14 June 2012.
The Site for the Project is located in the south-eastern part of Pakistan between Hyderabad and Karachi, approximately 100 km inland from the coast in a semi-desert area with rare vegetation. The nearest settlements are Jhimpir (2.5 km southeast) and Nooriabad (22 km north-west). The Site itself is mostly flat with a wadi along the northern boundary line of the Project's development area and a low dune crossing it in the western part. The Site area is a merely wide plain between the river Indus and a more hilly region westward. There is only sparse vegetation except on irrigated land. Some detached houses or hamlets are scattered over the more fertile areas. The only greater settlements nearby the Site are Nooriabad and Jhimpir.
Access from Port Qasim and Karachi port to the wind farm Site is possible through a super highway. A 20 km long access road links the super highway to the Site. Additionally, the main railway track passes closely to the wind farm Site and the Jhimpir Railway station is only 2 Km away from the Site.
Site Site Location Map: TBCCPL - C TriconBoston Consulting Corporation Priavte Limited Project-C (TBCCPL-C) is located in Jhimpir Sindh East of Karachi. The National Highway and Superhighway are major connecting roads having a distance of approximately 114 km from Port Qasim. TriconBoston acquired land having an area of 1284 acres for the project. The monsoon from the Arabia Sea, which is stable in its direction and high in its quality, brings rich wind energy resource to the Site. The installed capacity of the Project is approx. 50 MW. The geographical location of the project with respect to neighbouring wind power projects is shown in the figure below The terrain at the Project Site is flat with little vegetation, savanna being the mostly observed. There are some very small and scattered pieces of agricultural lands. The area has dry climate.
«*
Land Coordinates of TBCCPL — C Reference Points Latitude Longitude WF-01 25.034388115 67.86872274 WF-02 25.03803992 67.87156881 WF-03 25.10127206 67.79398057 WF-04 25.10474574 67.79708511 ANNEX N - PROSPECTUS
Introduction to the Applicant
The Project Company — TriconBoston Consulting Corporation Private Limited TriconBoston Consulting Corporation Private Limited ("TBCCPL") is a Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) set up by the Sponsor, Sapphire Textile Mills Limited, to develop, own and operate a 3 x 50 MW wind farm as an Independent Power Producer in Sindh, Pakistan. TBCCPL has already acquired 3,852 acres of land on lease from Government of Sindh in Jhimpir, Sindh, Pakistan. The Company has carried out a detailed technical and financial feasibility study and has obtained approval for the same from the Panel of Experts of AEDB. The company is currently in the process of finalizing the EPC and O&M contractors. The Sponsor — Sapphire Group TBCCPL is sponsored by the Sapphire Group through Sapphire Textile Mills Limited. The Sapphire Group (the "Group") is one of the largest textile groups in Pakistan with a business history of more than four decades. The Group's core business is textiles and covers the complete textile value chain. In fact, the Group is the only Pakistani group to have a presence in all textile sectors, comprising knitted apparels, woven apparels and home textiles. The Group has a total of twenty-two (22) manufacturing facilities in Pakistan employing more than fourteen thousand (14,000) people. The core businesses of the Group are as follows: • Yarn of various varieties, Woven and Knitted Fabric; • Dyeing and Finishing of Fabric; • Both Woven and Knitted; • Garment Manufacturing; • Home Textile; • Dairy farming; and • Property Development
The Group's portfolio also includes power and dairy entities. The Group places high emphasis on occupational health, safety and protection of the environment and aims to develop fool proof practices that inculcate a culture of safe thinking and working in all facets of their operations. Currently, products manufactured at the Group's units are exported to more than thirty five (35) destinations across the globe. The Group has registered impressive growth in its turnover and this growth has been the result of excellent planning, employee-centric HR policies, minimizing costs by developing a transparent operating model and developing alliances with global leaders in diverse fields. Sapphire Textile Mills Limited ("STML") (the sponsor of TriconBoston Consulting Corporation Private Limited ("TBCCPL")), being one of the leading companies of the Group, has implemented sound business practices based on principles of good corporate governance with total transparency in all operations. STML was incorporated in Pakistan on March 11, 1969 as a public limited company under the Companies Act, 1913 (now the Companies Ordinance, 1984). The shares of STML are listed on the Karachi Stock Exchange. The mills, owned and operated by STML, are located at Kotri, Nooriabad, Feroze Watwan, Bhai Pheru and Bhopattain, Lahore. STML is principally engaged in the manufacturing and sale of yarn, fabric and home textile products.
Energy Sector Energy has been identified as a sector with high growth potential and action has been initiated to enter this field in the first instance. The Group has formidable experience in successfully conducting energy projects. Sapphire's first venture into Energy Sector was through the establishment of an IPP "Sapphire Electric Company Limited". The 225 MW thermal power plant using GE turbines was developed as a joint venture with DEG Bank, Germany and a Middle Eastern investment house. The power plant achieved COD in the last quarter of 2009 and is in operation since then. The Group also owns and operates generation facilities having a total installed capacity of 65.3 MW — break-up (by fuel source) of the same is provided below: Furnace Oil — 25.8 MW; • Gas — 22.2 MW; and • Diesel — 17.3 MW.
The Group's focus on renewable energy was in response to the Government of Pakistan's Renewable Energy Policy. Sapphire was one of the early entrants in the field of renewables in Pakistan and achieved financial close for a 52.8 MW Sapphire Wind Power Company Limited ("SWCPL") IPP Wind Power Project in 2014. The EPC Contractor for the project was HydroChina Corporation while GE Energy supplied the Wind Turbines. The Project was financed by Overseas Private Investment Corp (OPIC), development arm of the US Government, through a project finance debt facility of US$ 95 million. The project is close to achieving COD within target timelines.
Furthermore, Sapphire is one of the first business groups to initiate work on fuel switching and have replaced natural gas with use of biomass in some of the operating boilers in its manufacturing units. In addition, various energy efficiency improvement measures have been undertaken including: heat recovery from boilers and power plants to improve thermal efficiency; installation of variable drives on electric motors to reduce electricity consumption; use of energy efficient LED lights; solar PV lights; solar thermal applications for water heating to replace natural gas usage. Effluent treatment has been started and a project for water re-cycling is being initiated as well. Salient features of the facility
SALIENT FEATURES
Plant Location Jhimpir, District Thatta, Sindh, Pakistan
Manufacturer General Electric (GE) Wind Turbine Generator GE L6 xle Hub Height 80 meters Number of Turbines .31 Total Installed Capacity (Approx.) 50 MW Expected Life of Facility 20 Years
Wind Turbine Generator (WTG) Technical Data
(a). Rotor
(i). Number of Blades 3 (ii). Rotor Speed 9.8 — 18.7 rpm (iii). Rotor Diameter 82.5 m (iv). Swept Area 5346 m2 (v). Power Regulation Combination of blade pitch angle adjustment, and generator/converter torque control (vi). Rated Power at 12 m/s (air density = 1.225 kg/m3) (vii). Cut-in wind speed 3 m/s (viii). Cut-out wind speed 25 m/s (ix). Survival wind speed 3s 56 m/s, 10 min 40 m/s Electric motor drives a ring gear mounted to the (x). Pitch regulation inner race of the blade pitch bearing
(b). Blades
(1). Blade Length 40.3 m (ii). Material Fiberglass polyester resin (iii). Weight 6,200 kg
(c). Gearbox
(i). Type Three-stage planetary/helical gear design (ii). Gear ratio I : 104.5 (iii). Weight 15,800 kg (iv). Oil quantity 300 — 450 litres (v). Main shaft bearing Roller bearing mounted in a pillow-block housing arrangement (d). Generator
(i). Power 1,600 kW (ii). Voltage 690 V (iii). Type Double-fed asynchronous generator, air-cooled Range: 1000 — 2000 rpm (synchronous speed (iv). Speed 1500 rpm)
(v). Enclosure class IP 54 (vi). Coupling Flexible coupling (vii). Efficiency ? 97% (viii). Weight 8,450 kg (ix). Power factor +0.95 to -0.95
(e). Yaw System
(i). Yaw bearing Roller bearing (ii). Brake Planetary yaw drives (with brakes that engage when the drive is disabled) (iii). Yaw drive 4 planetary yaw drives (iv). Speed 0.5 degree/s
(t). Control System
(i). Type Automatic or manually controlled (ii). Grid connection Via IGBT converter Remote monitoring of more than 300 different (iii). Scope of monitoring parameters, e.g. temperature sensors, pitch parameters, speed, generator torque, wind speed and direction, etc. (iv). Recording Production data, event list, long and short-term trends
(g). Brake
(i). Design Three independent systems, fail safe (individual pitch) (ii). Operational brake Aerodynamic brake achieved by feathering blades (iii). Secondary brake Mechanical brake on (high speed) shaft of gearbox
(h). Tower
(i). Type Cylindrical tubular steel tower (ii). Hub heights Tubular tower 80 m GE 1.6xle Power Curve
1000
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0 3.5 4.5 5.5 6.5 7.5 8.5 9.5 10.511.512,5 13.514.5 15.516.5 17.518.5 19.520.5 21.522,523.524.5 Wind Speed m/s Site Location and Maps The Project will be located at Jhimpir, District Thatta, Province of Sindh (the "Site") in the wind corridor identified by the Alternative Energy Development Board ("AEDB"). This area has been extensively surveyed and is identified as having strong potential for sites of several wind farms.
Furthermore, in view of the Company's commitment to the Project, AEDB handed over the physical possession of the Site to the Company on 14 June 2012.
The Site for the Project is located in the south-eastern part of Pakistan between Hyderabad and Karachi, approximately 100 km inland from the coast in a semi-desert area with rare vegetation. The nearest settlements are Jhimpir (2.5 km southeast) and Nooriabad (22 km north-west). The Site itself is mostly flat with a wadi along the northern boundary line of the Project's development area and a low dune crossing it in the western part. The Site area is a merely wide plain between the river Indus and a more hilly region westward. There is only sparse vegetation except on irrigated land. Some detached houses or hamlets are scattered over the more fertile areas. The only greater settlements nearby the Site are Nooriabad and Jhimpir.
Access from Port Qasim and Karachi port to the wind farm Site is possible through a super highway. A 20 km long access road links the super highway to the Site. Additionally, the main railway track passes closely to the wind farm Site and the Jhimpir Railway station is only 2 Km away from the Site.
Site
Ka'a It Site Location Map: TBCCPL - C TriconBoston Consulting Corporation Priavte Limited Project-C (TBCCPL-C) is located in Jhimpir Sindh East of Karachi. The National Highway and Superhighway are major connecting roads having a distance of approximately 114 km from Port Qasim. TriconBoston acquired land having an area of 1284 acres for the project. The monsoon from the Arabia Sea, which is stable in its direction and high in its quality, brings rich wind energy resource to the Site. The installed capacity of the Project is approx. 50 M W. The geographical location of the project with respect to neighbouring wind power projects is shown in the figure below
The terrain at the Project Site is flat with little vegetation, savanna being the mostly observed. There are some very small and scattered pieces of agricultural lands. The area has dry climate.
taue-Cami.
Land Coordinates of TBCCPL — C Reference Points Latitude Longitude WF-01 25.034388115 67.86872274 WF-02 25.03803992 67.87156881 WF-03 25.10127206 67.79398057 WF-04 25.10474574 67.79708511 Proposed Investment
The estimated Project cost is comprised of both Equity and Debt.
The total project cost of the Project is estimated to be USD 114 Million (United States Dollars One Hundred and Fourteen Million) and it comprises of equity of USD 28.5 Million (United States Dollars Twenty Eight Million and Five Hundred Thousand) and project debt of USD 85.5 Million (United States Dollars Eighty Five Million and Five Hundred Thousand).
Social and Environmental Impact — Brief
As per Pakistan's Environmental Protection Act of 1997, proponents of development projects in the country are required to conduct an environmental assessment of their project and submit the report to the relevant environmental protection agency.
TBCCPL appointed Renewable Resources ("RR") to carry out a study to determine the impact of the Project on the environment. The environmental impacts of the Project were assessed to be low. The wind farm is to be developed in an area which is not under intensive agriculture use. No sensitive habitats with a high ecological value were found during the field survey on the proposed land and no impacts caused by the human settlement is expected. The same assessment was made regarding the possible impacts on soil. Disturbances to birds is not considered a significant risk, as wind turbines affect birds' staging or roosting because of the noise they create, or because their location forces birds to change their migration paths is insignificant. Studies indicate that wind turbines affect staging or roosting birds up to a distance of only 500 m. Raptors are the only birds to roost in the desert portion of the proposed site.
It is observed from the international practices around the world that birds get adapted to such heighted structures like any other electrical tower, aviation towers etc. and ratio of bird hit with turbines is very low. Noise will be less than 70 dB (A) which is within the range as per National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQs) of Pakistan. There are no exceeds of shadow from the permissible limits. The environmental disturbance normally associated with construction activities will be minimized through an Environment Management Plan (EMP), implementation of which will continue during project operation and which includes monitoring arrangements.
The project is a green energy project and, therefore, there is no major long lasting impact of the project on the environment of the site. Air quality of the area may be disturbed only during construction phase of the project. There is no damage foreseen to the surface water and ground water conditions of the area. There is no archeological site present in the location of project. There is no direct or indirect impact on the fauna and flora of the area.
The project has no carbon, sulfur, nitrogen emissions; nor their oxides, thus not a threat to the environment.
It can be concluded that the project will have no significantly adverse environmental impacts and can be regarded as Environmental Friendly Green Project. It will in fact be a positive development in the area and improve the socio-economic conditions of the area through generation of employment opportunities and opening of ways for the development of this area. There are no negative environmental impacts of the project, rather it is a green energy project and will contribute in environmental sustainability of the area. The project will also help to promote renewable energy in Pakistan and meeting energy demand of the country.
The Sindh Environmental Protection Agency, Sindh (SEPA) has granted approval to the Project.
TRICON BOSTON
FEASIBILITY STUDY OF 50 MW WIND POWER PROJECT IN JHIMPIR, SINDH PAKISTAN
PROJECT COMPANY Tricon Boston Consulting Corporation Private Limited 251HH, Street No.11 DHA Phase 4, Lahore Cantt Lahore
PROJECT CONSULTANTS Renewable Resources (Pvt) Limited No.7, Street No.48, Sector F-7/4 Islamabad Tel: +92-52-8358591 FaxL+92-51-8358592 www.renewableresources.com.pk
4/11/2014 APPROVAL SHEET
TITLE Feasibility Study Report of 50 MW Wind Power Project in Jhimpir, Sindh Pakistan (Tricon Boston Project-C)
DOCUMENT NUMBER RE2-141-139-001 Issue: 01
CLASSIFICATION CONTROLLED
SYNOPSIS
This document is a feasibility study report of a 50 MW Wind Power Project sponsored by Tricon Boston Consulting Corporation Private Limited. The document contains the wind resource assessment, hardware specifications, power production analysis, electrical interface, civil works design, project cost. It also includes wind resource assessment, energy yield estimates, environmental studies, soil investigations, site topography, grid interconnection studies and project management information. This report has been prepared by Renewable Resources (Pvt) Ltd of Pakistan.
DATE April, 2014
Document Title: Consultant Name: Document No Date of Approval April, 2014 Renewable Resources (Pvt) Ltd RE2-141-139-001 Feasibility Study Report of 50 MW Project Sponsor: Document Issue Page Wind Power Project in Jhimpir Sindh; Tricon Boston Consulting Corporation (Pvt.) Ltd Pakistan (Tricon Boston-Project C) 01 2
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PREPARED BY (Sana A ed) Manager Projects Renewable Resources (Pvt) Ltd [email protected]
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('\,_., ,W ------REVIEWED BY :-.------(Muhammad Ammad Riaz) Head of Operations and Projects Renewable Resources (Pvt) Ltd [email protected]
APPROVED BY (Irfan Afzal Mirza) CEO / Director Renewable Resources (Pvt) irfanmirza@renewableresour
APPROVED BY (Shahid Khan) Director Tricon Boston Consulting Corporation (Pvt.) Ltd [email protected]
Document Title: Consultant Name: Document No Date of Approval Renewable Resources (Pvt) Ltd RE2-141-139-001 April, 2014 Feasibility Study Report of 50 MW Project Sponsor: Document Issue Page Wind Power Project in Thimpir Sindh; Tricon Boston Consulting Corporation (Pvt.) Ltd Pakistan (Tricon Boston-Project C) 01 3
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 13
DISCLAIMERS 13
COPY RIGHT NOTICE 13
COMPANY CONTACT INFORMATION 14
CONSULTANT CONTACT INFORMATION 14
DOCUMENT INFORMATION 15
1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 16
1.1 PROJECT OVERVIEW AND SITE 17 1.1.1 Project Size 20 1.1.2 Project Status and Calendar 20 1.1.3 Wind Resource Assessment (WRA) 23 1.1.4 Energy Yield Estimates 23 1.1.5 Geological Conditions 23 1.1.6 Design of Civil Works 23 1.1.7 Design of Electrical Works 24 1.1.8 Construction Management 25 1.1.9 0 & M Management 25 1.1.10 Environmental Management 25 1.1.11 Health and Safety 26 1.1.12 CDM Aspect 26 1.1.13 Key Project Figures 27
1.2 LIST OF ANNEXURE 27
1.3 PROJECT TEAM 28 1.3.1 Tricon Boston Consulting Corporation - The Project Company 28 1.3.2 Renewable Resources (Pvt) Ltd — Project Consultant 29 1.3.3 Power Planners International — Electrical and Grid Studies 29
2 COUNTRY AND INDUSTRY OVERVIEW 30
3 REGULATORY REGIME 31
3.1 MINISTRY OF WATER AND POWER 31
3.2 ALTERNATIVE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT BOARD 31
3.3 NATIONAL ELECTRIC POWER REGULATORY AUTHORITY (NEPRA) 32
3.4 NATIONAL TRANSMISSION AND DISPATCH COMPANY (NTDC) 32
Document Title: Consultant Name: Document No Date of Approval Renewable Resources (Pvt) Ltd RE2-141-139-001 April, 2014 Feasibility Study Report of 50 MW Document Issue Page Wind Power Project in Thimpir Sindh; Project Sponsor: Pakistan (Tricon Boston-Project C) Tricon Boston Consulting Corporation (Pvt.) Ltd 01 4 33 4 CARBON CREDITS 34 4.1 EMISSION REDUCTION MECHANISMS 34 4.1.1 Emissions Trading 34 4.1.2 Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) 34 4.1.3 Joint Implementation (11) 35 4.2 ROLE OF CDM IN TRICON BOSTON PROJECT 36 5 WIND INDUSTRY IN PAKISTAN 36 5.1 CURRENT STATUS OF WIND IPPs IN PAKISTAN 36 5.1.1 Letter of Intent (101) 36 5.1.2 Land Allocation by AEDB / GOS 39 5.1.3 Projects at Private Land 39 5.1.4 Projects at Advanced Stages 40 5.2 TARIFF REGIME IN PAKISTAN 40 5.2.1 Negotiated Tariff for Wind IPPs 40 5.2.2 Upfront Tariff for Wind IPPs 40 5.3 ENERGY PURCHASE AGREEMENT (EPA) AND IMPLEMENTATION AGREEMENT (IA) 41 6 PROJECT IN TERMS OF POLICY FRAMEWORK 41 6.1 LETTER OF INTENT (L01) 41 6.2 ACQUISITION OF LAND 41 6.3 FEASIBILITY STUDY 41 6.4 GENERATION LICENSE 41 6.5 TARIFF DETERMINATION 42 6.6 LETTER OF SUPPORT (LOS) 42 6.7 ENERGY PURCHASE AGREEMENT (EPA) 42 6.8 IMPLEMENTATION AGREEMENT (IA) 42 6.9 FINANCIAL CLOSE 43 7 PROJECT SITE 43 7.1 WIND CORRIDOR OF PAKISTAN 45 7.2 SITE DETAILS 51 7.3 TRANSPORTATION AND ACCESS NETWORK 53 7.4 CLIMATIC CONDITIONS 54 7.5 TELECOMMUNICATION 54 7.6 EARTHQUAKES
Document No Date of Approval Document Title: Consultant Name: RE2-141-139-001 April, 2014 Renewable Resources (Pvt) Ltd Feasibility Study Report of 50 MW Page Project Sponsor: Document Issue Wind Power Project in himpir Sindh; Tricon Boston Consulting Corporation (Pvt.) Ltd Pakistan (Tricon Boston-Project C) 01 5
8 WIND RESOURCE ASSESSMENT 55
8.1 STAGE 1- DATA TREATMENT AND REFINING 59
8.2 STAGE 2 - COMPARISON AND SCREENING OF DATASETS 59
8.3 STAGE 3 - CORRELATION OF WIND SPEED AT TOP ANEMOMETER 59
8.4 STAGE 4 - FINAL SELECTION OF REPRESENTATIVE DATASET 59
8.5 STAGE 5 - LONG TERM CORRELATION (LTC) 60
9 ENERGY YIELD ESTIMATE 61
9.1 WIND FARM LAYOUT AND MICROSITING 61
9.2 LOSSES AND CORRECTIONS 65
9.3 NET ENERGY YIELD AND CAPACITY FACTOR 65
9.4 UNCERTAINTY ASSESSMENT 66
10 SELECTION OF WTG AND EPC CONTRACTOR 67
10.1 DESIRED SCOPE OF WORK 67
10.2 EPC SELECTION 67 1 11 GEOLOGICAL CONDITIONS 68
11.1 OBJECTIVES OF GEOTECHNICAL STUDIES 68
11.2 GEOLOGY OF KARACHI REGION AND SURROUNDINGS 69
11.3 SEISMOLOGY OF KARACHI REGION 73
11.4 FIELD WORK 76 11.4.1 Borehole Drilling 76 11.4.2 Rock Core Drilling 77 11.4.3 Location of Boreholes 77 11.4.4 List of Field and Lab Tests 78
11.5 RECOMMENDATIONS OF GEOTECHNICAL STUDIES 78
12 CIVIL ENGINEERING DESIGN 79
13 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DESIGN 80
14 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT 81
15 INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION(IEE) 83
16 CONCLUSION OF FEASIBILITY STUDY 85
LIST OF ANNEXURE 86
Document Title: Consultant Name: Document No Date of Approval April, 2014 Renewable Resources (Pvt) Ltd RE2-141-139-001 Feasibility Study Report of 50 MW Project Sponsor: Document Issue Page Wind Power Project in Jhimpir Sindh; Tricon Boston Consulting Corporation (Pvt.) Ltd Pakistan (Tricon Boston-Project C) 01 6 LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1-1: Geographical Location of Project 18 Figure 1-2: Tricon Boston Project-C Wind Project Site Layout 19 Figure 7-1: Wind Map of Pakistan by NREL 43 Figure 7-2: Wind Projects Sites in Jhimpir - Sindh 44 Figure 7-3: Tricon Boston Project Site 45 Figure 7-4: Tricon Boston Project-C Site Layout 46 Figure 7-5: Project Site Orientation from Karachi 47 Figure 7-6: Site surroundings 48 Figure 7-7: Installation of Wind Turbines in Jhimpir 49 Figure 7-8: Ariel view of Track from Port Qasim to Tricon Boston Project-C 52 Figure 8-1: Wind Mast - Closer View 55 Figure 8-2: Wind Mast - View 56 Figure 8-3: Wind Mast - Wider View 57 Figure 8-4: Location of Masts and Project Site 58 Figure 9-1: Micrositing and Wind Farm Layout - Nordex N100/2500 (L2) 63 Figure 9-2: Neighbouring Wind Farms with respect to Tricon Boston Project-C 64 Figure 11-1: Geological Structure Map 69 Figure 11-2: Tectonic Map of Pakistan 71 Figure 11-3: Geological and Sub Surface details of Jhimpir 72 • Figure 11-4: Seismic Map of Pakistan 75
Document Title: Consultant Name: Document No Date of Approval April, 2014 Renewable Resources (Pvt) Ltd RE2-141-139-001 Feasibility Study Report of 50 MW Project Sponsor: Document Issue Page Wind Power Project in ihimpir Sindh; Tricon Boston Consulting Corporation (Pvt.) Ltd Pakistan (Tricon Boston-Project C) 01 7 LIST OF TABLES
Table 1-1: Project Planned Milestones 21 Table 1-2: Project Construction Scheduling 22 Table 1-3: Key Project Figures 27 Table 5-1: List of Companies having Government Land in Phase 1 37 Table 5-2: List of Companies having Government Land in Phase 2 38 Table 7-1: Land Coordinates of Tricon Boston Project-C 46 Table 7-2: Climate Conditions of Karachi 53 Table 8-1: Specification of Wind Mast 55 Table 9-1: Summary of Losses 65 Table 9-2: Annual Energy Yield Estimates 65 Table 11-1: Earthquake Records around Karachi 73 Table 11-2: Seismic Parameters of Karachi 74 Table 11-3: Location of Boreholes during Geo Technical Investigations 77 Table 14-1: Project Construction Scheduling 82
Document Title: Consultant Name: Document No Date of Approval 001 April, 2014 Renewable Resources (Pvt) Ltd RE2-141-139-
Feasibility Study Report of 50 MW Document Issue Page Wind Power Project in ihimpir Sindh; Project Sponsor: Triton Boston Consulting Corporation (Pvt.) Ltd Pakistan (Triton Boston-Project C) 01 8 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Located on the western stretch of the South Asian Continent, The Islamic Republic of Pakistan is largely under the influence of tropical desert climate. The thermal depression of South Asia and the monsoon winds shape up Pakistan's southern coastal areas and northern mountain areas into a land rich in wind energy resources. The costal wind-energy-rich areas normally refer to Southern Sindh and the vast plateau to the east and the northeast of Karachi city. The relative shortage of conventional energy resources in Pakistan and the hiking of fuel prices worldwide spurred the Pakistan Government to find alternative sources, including wind power.
Government of Pakistan has formulated a policy to standardize and encourage the participation of private sector in the development and application of renewable energies. A Government organization, called Alternative Energy Development Board (AEDB), was established to facilitate the implementation of renewable energy projects. AEDB plans to help facilitate a number of wind power projects in Gharo and Jhimpir.
Tricon Boston Consulting Corporation Private Limited (the ("Project Company") got three • separate LOIs from AEDB for the development of 3 x 50 MW wind power projects in Jhimpir Sindh Pakistan.
The three projects are referred as "Tricon Boston Project-A", "Tricon Boston Project-B", and "Tricon Boston Project-C" in the reports.
This document is the complete feasibility study of Tricon Boston Project-C including but not limited to soil investigations, topographic studies, wind resource assessment, energy yield estimates, environmental impact assessment, electrical and grid interconnection studies.
The Site is located near the Jhimpir Village of Sindh, about 95 km from Karachi, the largest port and industrial city of Pakistan and about 80 km from the coastline of the Arabian Sea. The locality enjoys a flat terrain, scarce plant cover, rich wind energy and a good access to major highways and the power grid, thus rendering itself an appropriate location for large wind power stations.
Document No Date of Approval Document Title: Consultant Name: RE2-141-139-001 April, 2014 Renewable Resources (Pvt) Ltd Feasibility Study Report of 50 MW Document Issue Page Project Sponsor: Wind Power Project in Jhimpir Sindh; Tricon Boston Consulting Corporation (Pvt.) Ltd Pakistan (Tricon Boston-Project C) 01 16 1.1 PROJECT OVERVIEW AND SITE
Tricon Boston Project-C is located in Jhimpir Sindh East of Karachi. The National Highway and Superhighway are major connecting roads having a distance of approximately 107 km from Port Qasim. Project Company acquired land having an area of 1284 acres. The monsoon from the Arabia Sea, which is stable in its direction and high in its quality, brings rich wind energy resource to the Site. The installed capacity of Project is 50 MW. The geographical location of the project is shown in figure below.
Document Title: Consultant Name: Document No Date of Approval Renewable Resources (Pvt) Ltd RE2-141-139-001 April, 2014 Feasibility Study Report of 50 MW Project Sponsor: Document Issue Page Wind Power Project in ihimpir Sindh; Tricon Boston Consulting Corporation (Pvt.) Ltd Pakistan (Tricon Boston-Project C) 01 17 •
Figure 1-1: Geographical Location of Project
Date of Approval Document Title: Consultant Name: Document No RE2-141-139-001 April, 2014 Renewable Resources (Pvt) Ltd Feasibility Study Report of 50 MW Page Project Sponsor: Document Issue Wind Power Project in ihimpir Sindh; Tricon Boston Consulting Corporation (Pvt.) Ltd Pakistan (Tricon Boston-Project C) 01 18 •
The terrains are flat at the Project Site with little vegetation, savanna being the mostly observed. There are some very small and scattered pieces of agricultural lands. The area has dry climate. The satellite map of Project Site with respect to other wind farms is shown below
I
Figure 1-2: Tricon Boston Project-C Wind Project Site Layout
Further details of Site are given in Section 07 and Site Transportation and Access Study is attached as Annex II.
Document Title: Consultant Name: Document No Date of Approval Renewable Resources (Pvt) Ltd RE2-141-139-001 April, 2014 Feasibility Study Report of 50 MW Document Issue Page Wind Power Project in Jhimpir Sindh; Project Sponsor: Pakistan (Tricon Boston-Project C) Tricon Boston Consulting Corporation (Pvt.) Ltd 01 19 1.1.1 Project Size
The Project shall have an installed capacity of 50 MW, covering an area of 1284 acres.
1.1.2 Project Status and Calendar
The complete feasibility study is being submitted. The Project is in the process of obtaining a Generation License and is negotiating the Tariff, EPA and IA.
Document Title: Consultant Name: Document No Date of Approval April, 2014 Renewable Resources (Pvt) Ltd RE2-141-139-001 Feasibility Study Report of 50 MW Project Sponsor: Document Issue Page Wind Power Project in Thimpir Sindh; Tricon Boston Consulting Corporation (Pvt.) Ltd Pakistan (Tricon Boston-Project C) 01 20 • Table 1-1: project Planned Milestones
2014 2015 2016 Activity / Milestone ft 2nd rd 4th 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2" 3rd 4th 3 4th QRT QTR QTR QTR QTR QTR QTR QTR QTR QTR QTR QTR Submission of Feasibility Study
Approval of Feasibility Study
Generation License
Tariff Application and Approval
Signing of EPA
Signing of IA
Financial Close
Project Construction
Start of Operations
Document Title: Consultant Name: Document No Date of Approval Renewable Resources (Pvt) Ltd RE2-141-139-001 April, 2014 Feasibility Study Report of 50 MW Wind Power Project Document Issue Page in ihimpir Sindh; Pakistan (Tricon Boston-Project C) Project Sponsor: Tricon Boston Consulting Corporation (Pvt.) Ltd 01 21 • •
The project construction shall take 18 months from the date of planning till the COD.
Table 1-2: Project Construction Scheduling
Activity / Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Engineering and Mobilization
Construction of Temporary Establishment
Civil Works of WTGs and Substation
Construction of Substation
Supply of WTGs and Towers
Cables and Interconnection
Erection of Towers
Installation of WTGs
Testing and Commissioning of WTG5
Reliability Run Test
Document Title: Consultant Name: Document No Date of Approval Renewable Resources (Pvt) Ltd RE2-141-139-001 April, 2014 Feasibility Study Report of 50 MW Wind Power Project Project Sponsor: Document Issue Page in Jhimpir Sindh; Pakistan (Tricon Boston-Project C) Tricon Boston Consulting Corporation (Pvt.) Ltd 01 22 1.1.3 Wind Resource Assessment (WRA)
The WRA is explained in Section 8. The Wind energy resource assessment and energy yield estimation report is attached as Annexure-VI.
1.1.4 Energy Yield Estimates
The Energy Yield Estimates are explained in Section 9. The Wind energy resource assessment and energy yield estimation report is attached as Annexure-VI.
1.1.5 Geological Conditions
The information related to geological conditions is given in Section 11. The detailed Geotechnical Investigation Report is attached as Annex Ill.
• There were 9 boreholes; each of 30 meters depth.
According to the general geology of the area, and correlating it with the characteristics of the strata encountered in boreholes, it is revealed that the strata encountered at site belong to Nari formation of Oligocene age.
The formations are dipping towards west at about 15 to 25 degree.
The area lies in region of quite low seismicity and "g" factor for design may be taken as 0.1g which is fairly conservative.
1.1.6 Design of Civil Works
Information related to the civil works is given in Section 12
Document Title: Consultant Name: Document No Date of Approval April, 2014 Renewable Resources (Pvt) Ltd RE2-141-139-001 Feasibility Study Report of 50 MW Project Sponsor: Document Issue Page Wind Power Project in ihimpir Sindh; Tricon Boston Consulting Corporation (Pvt.) Ltd Pakistan (Tricon Boston-Project C) 01 23
• 1.1.7 Design of Electrical Works
Information related to the electrical works is given in Section 13.
The Project has an installed capacity of 50 MW, using 20 wind turbine generators (WTG), each with a capacity in the range of 2.5 MW (considering Nordex N100/2500)
Tricon Boston Project-C wind power plant will be connected by the double circuit of 132 kV looping in out with a sub-cluster also connecting Tricon Boston Project-C and Tricon Boston Project-C to Nooriabad 220/132 Kv collector substation.
The scheme of interconnection of Tricon Boston-Project-A WPP presupposes the following reinforcement already in place in Jhimpir and Gharo clusters by end of 2016:
• 220/132 kV Jhimpir-New substation at suitable location in Jhimpir cluster
+ 80 km long double circuit from Jhimpir-New 220 kV Substation to the existing T.M. Khan Road 220 kV Substation
• A 132kV double circuit of 82 km using Greeley conductor would be constructed to connect Jhimpir-New 220/132 kV Substation with T.M. Khan in HESCO network.
❖ 220/132 kV Gharo-New substation at suitable location in Gharo cluster
+ 65 km long 220 kV double circuit from Gharo-New 220 kV Substation to Jhimpir-New 220 kV Substation
❖ Five sub-collectors groups will be connected to Jhimpir 220/132 kV collector substation through 132 kV double circuits
• FFC and Zorlu looped in-out with Jhimpir-Nooriabad 132 kV circuit.
❖ Four WPPs in the collector system of Gharo 220/132 kV substation
• FWEL-1 and FWEL-II through a 64 km long 132 kV D/C on Greeley conductor connected to Thatta
• Rehabilitation of the exiting 132 kV lines in the vicinity of WPP clusters, i.e. Jhimpir- Kotri, Jhimpir-Thatta, Thatta-Sujawal and Nooriabad-Jamshoro Old. Document Title: Consultant Name: Document No Date of Approval April, 2014 Renewable Resources (Pvt) Ltd RE2-141-139-001 Feasibility Study Report of 50 MW Project Sponsor: Document Issue Page Wind Power Project in Jhimpir Sindh; Tricon Boston Consulting Corporation (Pvt.) Ltd Pakistan (Tricon Boston-Project C) 01 24
• Grid interconnection point and required reactive power compensation, if any, for the project shall be as per the findings of the grid interconnection study.
Please refer to the Grid Interconnection Study attached as Annex IV. The WTG specifications are also included in the Grid Interconnection Study.
1.1.8 Construction Management
Information related to the construction management is given in Section 14.
1.1.9 0 & M Management
The O&M shall be managed by the O&M Contractor for initial 2 years. The local team shall remain part of the O&M and shall gradually take over after having On Job Trainings (OJT).
O&M management will be established with the principle of requiring "few on-duty staff". After the electrical equipment and machinery have entered their stable operation mode, the wind turbine and associated apparatus shall be managed with "no on-call staff and few on-guard staff".
The production area includes facilities such as generators, transformers, and the substation. There shall be buildings for protection and control, telecommunication, DC power supply and for administrative purposes.
1.1.10 Environmental Management
Information related to the environmental management works is given in Section 15.
A separate environment study has been carried out. The Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) report is attached as Annex V.
There are no significant hazards. The minor adjustments required during construction phase have been addressed and mitigation plan provided. A data collection survey was also done that included geology, meteorology, hydrology, ambient air quality, water quality, soil characteristics, noise levels, shadow forecasting, flora and fauna, land use pattern, and socioeconomic conditions. Document Title: Consultant Name: Document No Date of Approval Renewable Resources (Pvt) Ltd RE2-141-139-001 April, 2014 Feasibility Study Report of 50 MW Project Sponsor: Document Issue Page Wind Power Project in Jhimpir Sindh; Pakistan (Tricon Boston-Project C) Tricon Boston Consulting Corporation (Pvt.) Ltd 01 25 1.1.11 Health and Safety
During the construction and operation of the Project, the guideline of "safety first, (accident) prevention foremost" will be practiced. Comprehensive management and supervision will be applied to all staff members and the whole operation process, in order to ensure safe operation of the equipment and personal safety of workers.
A safety and health supervision department will be established on the wind farm, which is to be in charge of the education, training and management of safety and health related issues after the project is put into operation. There will be safety personnel in the production section, and a part-time worker for the routine safety and health work.
The systems of patrol inspection, operation guardianship, maintenance and over-haul will be established for the daily maintenance of production equipment, instruments and apparatus. The safety and health supervision department will provide sound meter and other appropriate inspection equipment, as well as necessary public education service for production safety.
A comprehensive safety system will be established during the preparation phase, and carefully implemented during the construction process. The systems of work sheet, operation sheet, shift relief, patrol inspection, operation guardianship, maintenance and over-haul will be strictly implemented. The Safety Regulation of the wind farm will also be carefully observed to minimize accidents.
1.1.12 CDM Aspect
The Project is a power generation project with renewable resource and zero emission. When put into operation, the project can provide power supply to the southern Pakistan power grid, which currently is mainly relying on fossil fuel. Therefore, it can help to reduce the greenhouse gas emission from coal or oil-fired power generation. It can deliver good environmental and social benefits. It is also consistent with the spirit of the Kyoto Protocol and qualified for the application of CDM projects.
The Project Company intends to develop a CDM project according to the provisions of the prevailing Policy.
Document Title: Consultant Name: Document No Date of Approval April, 2014 Renewable Resources (Pvt) Ltd RE2-141-139-001 Feasibility Study Report of 50 MW Project Sponsor: Document Issue Page Wind Power Project in ihimpir Sindh; Tricon Boston Consulting Corporation (Pvt.) Ltd Pakistan (Tricon Boston-Project C) 01 26 1.1.13 Key Project Figures
Table 1-3: Key Project Figures
No Name Unit Value Notes 1 Location of the Wind Farm: 1.1 Elevation M 60-90 NIL 1.2 Longitude (East) NA 67.834870° The center of wind 1.3 Latitude (North) NA 25.066816° farm 2 Construction: 2.1 Construction Period Months 18 NIL
1.2 LIST OF ANNEXURE
ANNEX - I: Pakistan Energy Profile and Global Wind Energy Stats ANNEX - II: Transportation and Access Study Report ANNEX- Ill: Geo Technical Investigation Report ANNEX - IV: Electrical Grid Interconnection Study Report ANNEX - V: Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) Report ANNEX-VI: Wind Resource and Energy Yield Estimate Report ANNEX-VII: Financial Feasibility
Document Title: Consultant Name: Document No Date of Approval April, 2014 Renewable Resources (Pvt) Ltd RE2-141-139-001 Feasibility Study Report of 50 MW ProjectP Sponsor: Document Issue Page Wind Power Project in ihimpir Sindh; Tricon Boston Consulting Corporation (Pvt.) Ltd Pakistan (Tricon Boston-Project C) 01 27 1.3 PROJECT TEAM
1.3.1 Tricon Boston Consulting Corporation - The Project Company
Tricon Boston (Tricon) is a Boston based business-house, with international reach and presence, focused on renewable energy and rural development projects on public-private-partnership models as core business and social responsibility targets.
Excited by the tempting mix of clean, renewable energy initiative intertwined and comingled with sustainable rural development and encouraged by US initiatives for American business and industry to help Pakistan bridge its rapidly growing energy demand-supply gap that is threatening to tear apart the very fabric of the already fragile Pakistani society, Tricon Power, a wholly owned subsidiary of Tricon, entered the Pakistan market to explore and setup renewable energy projects that can help bridge the energy demand-supply gap at affordable costs plus also enhance Pak-US commercial interactions, creating jobs on both side and also helping improve mutual trust and respect between two important nations and two proud and honorable people.
Since our initial exploratory probes starting as far back as April 2005, Tricon continued to significantly enhance its presence in Pakistan advocating with the local government regulators and local and international development agencies for a more aggressive re-look on their renewable endowments, particularly solar and wind. The efforts were duly rewarded when Pakistan Alternate Energy Development Board (AEDB) acting, among others, on the advise and help from Tricon, put Pakistan's vast wind corridors to bid under an open international competitive tendering process.
Based on one the best bids submitted Tricon along with other major business houses including the likes of Fauji Foundation, Sapphire and Gul Ahmed Energy, was one of the successful bidders, with all four awarded contracts to set-up 150 mega watts wind power project on BOO basis in Pakistan's most sought after wind corridor of Jimphir, a short distance to Pakistani business hub of Karachi.
Document Title: Consultant Name: Document No Date of Approval April, 2014 Renewable Resources (Pvt) Ltd RE2-141-139-001 Feasibility Study Report of 50 MW Project Sponsor: Document Issue Page Wind Power Project in ihimpir Sindh; Tricon Boston Consulting Corporation (Pvt.) Ltd Pakistan (Tricon Boston-Project C) 01 28 1.3.2 Renewable Resources (Pvt) Ltd — Project Consultant www.renewableresources.com.pk
Renewable Resources (RE2) is the professional technical advisor for the Project. RE2 is a consulting company specialized in Renewable Energy (RE), Energy Efficiency (EE) and Environment (Env) Projects. The company is owned by group of professionals who have been intimately involved in the renewable energy program of Pakistan, and have a fundamental understanding of issues relating to power project development, which include but are not limited to feasibility studies, regulatory approvals, concession and security documents, and applicable policies.
RE2 is capable of conducting full feasibility package featuring power production estimates, grid interconnection and tariff model. RE2 also has the expertise to deal with all technical aspects regarding the legal documents of power projects. The professional team of RE2 is well acquainted with the policies, regulations, methodologies and standards of RE power Projects and its work output meets international standards. RE2 is presently a consultant for various power Projects in Pakistan sponsored by local and international investors, with international banks.
1.3.3 Power Planners International — Electrical and Grid Studies www.powerplannersint.com
PPI performed the electrical and grid interconnection studies of the Project.
PPI has the honor to undertake electrical studies of all the wind power projects in Pakistan. PPI has a team of highly skilled and experienced professionals having worked in WAPDA, Pakistan; and Saudi Electricity Company (SEC or SCECO) in Saudi Arabia in the fields of Power System Analysis, Transmission Planning, Load-Forecasting and Generation Planning. The professional experience spreads over the whole range of operating voltages viz. 765 kV, 500 kV, 380 kV, 220 kV, 132 kV, 110 kV, 66kV and 33kV.
PPI possesses the technical skills to perform Load Flow, Optimal Power Flow, Short Circuit Analysis, Dynamic and Transient Stability Analysis for a grid system of any size.
The professionals of PPI possess thorough hands-on experience on the latest, state-of-the-art tools of power system analysis including PSS/E of Siemens-PTI, PSCAD/EMTDC of EPRI and Manitoba HVDC Research Center.
Document Title: Consultant Name: Document No Date of Approval Renewable Resources (Pvt) Ltd RE2-141-139-001 April, 2014 Feasibility Study Report of 50 MW Project Sponsor: Document Issue Page Wind Power Project in ihimpir Sindh; Tricon Boston Consulting Corporation (Pvt.) Ltd Pakistan (Tricon Boston-Project C) 01 29 2 COUNTRY AND INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
The detailed stats and situation of energy in Pakistan, specific information and prospects of wind and international trends in wind based power sector is explained in Annex I.
At this juncture, we are encountering the worst electricity crises of the history of Pakistan resulting in extended load shedding to an extent which virtually suspends social life. The situation has further forced Government of Pakistan to again take decisions like early market shutdown, power cutoff to industry, and two holidays per week thus affecting all business activities.
Pakistan's major electricity sources are thermal and hydro generation, meeting approximately 70% and 28% (respectively) of the country's annual electricity demand. The primary thermal generation fuels employed are furnace oil and gas. Oil import is a significant burden on the national exchequer. Import of gas could be seen as a viable option to overcome the depleting domestic reserves, but gas import has significant issues, mainly the need for substantial capital investment in infrastructure, security difficulties and physical terrain concerns. Moreover, it would still be an imported product.
Alternatives to further fuel imports for electricity generation are the use of domestic coal, or generation from hydro or other renewable sources, such as wind / solar power. These options will assist in reducing Pakistan's reliance on imported oil, and consequent vulnerability to changes in global oil prices which will in turn have a positive effect on the current trade deficit and inflating import bill.
Looking at how the country's future electricity needs might be met, wind has the potential of being a strong contributor in future because of being an indigenous resource and potential of wind resource in the country. The per kWh tariff for wind projects over the life cycle are now comparatively less than that of coal and furnace oil tariff. Also, at international level, wind based power generation is a tested and proven technology.
Document Title: Consultant Name: Document No Date of Approval Renewable Resources (Pvt) Ltd RE2-141-139-001 April, 2014 Feasibility Study Report of 50 MW Document Issue Page Wind Power Project in ihimpir Sindh; Project Sponsor: Pakistan (Tricon Boston-Project C) Tricon Boston Consulting Corporation (Pvt.) Ltd 01 30 3 REGULATORY REGIME
Power sector Pakistan has a ministry overlooking the electricity business in the country and a regulatory authority, independent of the ministry, to control the business practices in the market. There are a number of stakeholders involved in the cycle:
+ Ministry of Water and Power + National Electricity Power Regulatory Authority (NEPRA) ❖ National Transmission and Dispatch Company (NTDC) ❖ Alternative Energy Development Board (AEDB)
3.1 MINISTRY OF WATER AND POWER
The federal Ministry of Water and Power is the GoP's executive arm for all issues relating to electricity generation, transmission and distribution, pricing, regulation, and consumption. It exercises these functions through its various line agencies as well as relevant autonomous bodies. It also serves to coordinate and plan the nation's power sector, formulate policy and specific incentives, and liaise with provincial governments on all related issues.
3.2 ALTERNATIVE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT BOARD
Pakistan, like other developing countries of the region, is facing a serious challenge of energy deficit. Renewable Energy (RE) resources can play an important role in bridging this deficit. More importantly, RE can also play an important role in rural electrification. Realizing the importance of RE, the Government of Pakistan created the Alternative Energy Development Board (AEDB) in May 2003 to act as the central national body on the subject of Renewable Energy. The main objective of this Organization is to facilitate, promote and encourage development of Renewable Energy in Pakistan with a mission to introduce Alternative/Renewable Energy at an accelerated rate to achieve 10 percent share of RE in the energy mix of the country.
The current initiative is directed towards creating a market-based environment that is conducive to private sector investment and participation. The AEDB provides a one window point of operations for investors in the alternate energy sector. They perform all of the functions of the PPIB for alternate energy projects below 50 MW. This is done in order to
Document Title: Consultant Name: Document No Date of Approval April, 2014 Renewable Resources (Pvt) Ltd RE2-141-139-001 Feasibility Study Report of 50 MW Project Sponsor: Document Issue Page Wind Power Project in Jhimpir Sindh; Tricon Boston Consulting Corporation (Pvt.) Ltd Pakistan (Tricon Boston-Project C) 01 31 reduce the timeframe required for the completion of these projects, which are deemed essential to meet Pakistan's short term and long-term energy requirements.
3.3 NATIONAL ELECTRIC POWER REGULATORY AUTHORITY (NEPRA)
NEPRA has been created to introduce transparent and judicious economic regulation, based on sound commercial principles, in the electric power sector of Pakistan. NEPRA regulates the electric power sector to promote a competitive structure for the industry and to ensure the coordinated, reliable and adequate supply of electric power in the future. By law, NEPRA is mandated to ensure that the interests of the investor and the customer are protected through judicious decisions based on transparent commercial principles.
NEPRA remains to be the same platform for federal as well as provincial projects.
3.4 NATIONAL TRANSMISSION AND DISPATCH COMPANY (NTDC)
NTDC shall be the power purchaser.
National Transmission & Dispatch Company (NTDC) Limited was incorporated on 3rd August 1998 and commenced commercial operation on 1st March 1999. It was organized to take over all the properties, rights and assets obligations and liabilities of 220kV and 500kV Grid Stations and Transmission Lines/Network owned by Pakistan Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA). The NTDC operates and maintains nine 500kV Grid Stations, 4,160km of 500kV transmission line and 4,000km of 220kV transmission line in Pakistan.
For low voltage power such as 11 kV, the autonomous distribution companies (commonly called as DISCOS) are the power purchasers. Functionally, DISCOS fall at a step lower than NTDC and are looking after low voltage assets.
Document Title: Consultant Name: Document No Date of Approval Renewable Resources (Pvt) Ltd RE2-141-139-001 April, 2014 Feasibility Study Report of 50 MW Project Sponsor: Document Issue Page Wind Power Project in Mimpir Sindh; Tricon Boston Consulting Corporation (Pvt.) Ltd Pakistan (Tricon Boston-Project C) 01 32 represents an actual cut of around 20% when compared to the emissions levels that are projected for 2010 if no emissions-control measures are adopted.
The Kyoto Protocol provides that nations can redeem a part of their climate protection commitments by implementing projects aimed at reducing emissions in other countries. These projects are primarily to be carried out by the private sector.
These investment projects can financially benefit from generating additional emissions reductions as compared to a business as usual case.
4.1 EMISSION REDUCTION MECHANISMS
There are three methods in Kyoto Protocol which permits the acquisition of emissions credits by means of project-based investment abroad:
4.1.1 Emissions Trading
Emissions Trading, also called Carbon Trading, involves trading carbon emission credits within nations. Allowances are created, thereby making emissions a commodity that can be traded between industries etc. The Kyoto Protocol says that it is ok to trade in emissions, but that it should not be the major means to achieve one's commitments. Some European countries and corporations have started implementing such programs to get a head start and to see how well it will work.
4.1.2 Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)
Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) allows richer countries to offset their CO2 emission against the emissions prevented when technology that cuts down on greenhouse gas emissions is deployed in poor countries.
4.1.3 Joint Implementation (JI)
Joint Implementation (also known as Activities Implemented Jointly) is where developed countries invest in emission-reducing activities in other industrialized countries, and gaining reduction units as a result.
Document Title: Consultant Name: Document No Date of Approval Renewable Resources (Pvt) Ltd RE2-141-139-001 April, 2014 Feasibility Study Report of 50 MW Project Sponsor: Document Issue Page Wind Power Project in Jhimpir Sindh; Tricon Boston Consulting Corporation (Pvt.) Ltd Pakistan (Tricon Boston-Project C) 01 34 4.2 ROLE OF CDM IN TRICON BOSTON PROJECT
The Project is a power generation project with renewable resource and zero emission. When put into operation, the project can provide power supply to the southern Pakistan power grid, which currently is mainly relying on fossil fuel. Therefore, it can help to reduce the greenhouse gas emission from coal or oil-fired power generation. It can deliver good environmental and social benefits. It is also consistent with the spirit of the Kyoto Protocol and qualified for the application of CDM projects. If the project is approved and registered as a CDM project, CERs can provide extra financial resource for the project. It will provide favorable conditions for the project financing, improve competitiveness of the project, and reduce investment risk during the project implementation process. The CDM benefits in the Project (if incurred) shall be availed according to the provision in the Policy.
Document Title: Consultant Name: Document No Date of Approval Renewable Resources (Pvt) Ltd RE2-141-139-001 April, 2014 Feasibility Study Report of 50 MW Document Issue Page Wind Power Project in Jhimpir Sindh; Project Sponsor: Pakistan (Tricon Boston-Project C) Triton Boston Consulting Corporation (Pvt.) Ltd 01 35 5 WIND INDUSTRY IN PAKISTAN
5.1 CURRENT STATUS OF WIND IPPs IN PAKISTAN
The wind energy sector of Pakistan has matured in the last couple of years. The major impediments delaying the development of wind power projects have been removed. Wind data of more than 5 years is available for two locations, i.e. Gharo and Jhimpir. All the stakeholders are now at the same frequency and are fully motivated to facilitate the development of wind power in the country.
Initially very few suppliers would like to come to new market like Pakistan. But now most of the suppliers are again keen for the Pakistani market. One factor could be the Pakistani market getting matured; the other could be excessive supplies available in the world market due to difficult economic situation in the world. Now GE, Nordex, Vestas, Siemens, Sinovel and Goldwind are all active in the market.
5.1.1 Letter of Intent (L01)
The total number of LOIs issued by AEDB till date is in the range of 100.
5.1.2 Land Allocation by AEDB / GOS
AEDB got approx. 25,000 acres of land from GOS and further allocated land to nineteen(19) wind IPPs during 2006-08 for wind power generation projects of 50 MW each. The details of the land distribution are shown in the table below:
Document Title: Consultant Name: Document No Date of Approval Renewable Resources (Pvt) Ltd RE2-141-139-001 April, 2014 Feasibility Study Report of 50 MW Document Issue Page Wind Power Project in thimpir Sindh; Project Sponsor: Pakistan (Tricon Boston-Project C) Tricon Boston Consulting Corporation (Pvt.) Ltd 01 36 I
Table 5-1: List of Companies having Government Land in Phase 1
No. COMPANY Location of Land 1 New Park Energy Ltd Gharo — Kuttikun 2 Tenaga Generasi Ltd. Gharo — Kuttikun 3 Foundation Wind Energy I formerly Beacon Energy Ltd., Gharo — Kuttikun 4 Foundation Wind Energy II formerly Green Power (Pvt) Ltd Gharo — Kuttikun 5 Arabian Sea Wind Energy Pvt. Ltd. Gharo —Lakha 6 Dawood Power Ltd. Gharo - Bhambore 7 Zephyr Power Ltd Gharo - Bhambore 8 Abbas Steel Gharo — Bhambore 9 Master Wind Energy Ltd, Jhimpir 10 Fauji Fertilizer Company Ltd. Jhimpir 11 ZorluEnerji Jhimpir 12 HOM Energy (Private) Ltd. Jhimpir 13 Three Gorges First Wind Farm— China Jhimpir 14 Sachal Energy Development Pvt Ltd. Jhimpir 15 Lucky Energy (Pvt) Ltd Jhimpir 16 Wind Eagle Ltd. (CWE - China), Jhimpir 17 Sapphire Wind Power Company (Pvt) Ltd, Jhimpir 18 Metro Power Co. (Pvt) Jhimpir 19 Gul Ahmed Energy Ltd, Jhimpir
The above projects are in the development cycle; a few advanced to major milestones like financial close and start of construction.
Document Title: Consultant Name: Document No Date of Approval Renewable Resources (Pvt) Ltd RE2-141-139-001 April, 2014 Feasibility Study Report of 50 MW Document Issue Pag e Wind Power Project in Jhimpir Sindh; Project Sponsor: Pakistan (Tricon Boston-Project C) Tricon Boston Consulting Corporation (Pvt.) Ltd 01 37 In order to ensure a continuous growth in wind sector, AEDB and GOS identified another tract of approx. 6,000 acres of land to be allocated. This time, GOS was more active and in more direct coordination with the sponsors for allocation of land. The details of companies having land in this phase are given below:
Table 5-2: List of Companies having Government Land in Phase 2
No COMPANY Location of Land 1 Tricon Boston Jhimpir 2 Tapal Wind Energy (Pvt) Ltd Jhimpir 3 Ismail Industries Ltd Jhimpir 4 Akhtar Textiles Jhimpir 5 HAWA Energy (Pvt) Ltd Jhimpir 6 Sunec Jhimpir 7 Dewan Wind Jhimpir 8 Fina Jhimpir 9 UEP Jhimpir
Document Title: Consultant Name: Document No Date of Approval Renewable Resources (Pvt) Ltd RE2-141-139-001 April, 2014 feasibility Study Report of 50 MW Document Issue Page Wind Power Project in Jhimpir Sindh; Project Sponsor: Pakistan (Tricon Boston-Project C) Tricon Boston Consulting Corporation (Pvt.) Ltd 01 38 r
5.1.3 Projects at Private Land
At present, the project of PWEGL is being developed on privately purchased land.
5.1.4 Projects at Advanced Stages
FFC Energy 49.5 MW has completed the construction works in year 2013. All WTGs have been installed and electrical interconnections are complete. The project is now operational
Zorlu has completed its 56.4 MW wind power project in year 2013 and is now operational.
50 MW Foundation Energy-I project in Gharo has completed its civil works. Erection of turbines has been started. The project is expected to achieve COD in February, 2015.
50 MW Foundation Energy-II project in Gharo has completed its civil works. Erection of turbines has also been completed. The project is expected to achieve COD in September, 2014.
The wind turbines of 50 MW project of Three Gorges has been erected and the project is in commissioning phase. The Project is expected to achieve COD by June, 2014.
Following projects have are near to Financial close:
• Tapal Wind Pvt. Ltd • UEP wind Pvt. Ltd • Hawa Energy Pvt. Ltd • Sapphire • Yunus Energy
Following projects have reached NEPRA with signed EPC Contracts for tariff determination during last QTR of 2011, and are waiting for tariff petition while a few of these have entered into EPA / IA discussions:
• TanagaGenarsi • Gul Ahmed • Metro • Master Wind • Zephyr Power
Document Title: Consultant Name: Document No Date of Approval Renewable Resources (Pvt) Ltd RE2-141-139-001 April, 2014 Feasibility Study Report of 50 MW Document Issue Page Wind Power Project in Jhimpir Sindh; Project Sponsor: Pakistan (Tricon Boston-Project C) Tricon Boston Consulting Corporation (Pvt.) Ltd 01 39 5.2 TARIFF REGIME IN PAKISTAN
5.2.1 Negotiated Tariff for Wind IPPs
The original regime was of a negotiated tariff, which is still applicable. The Project Company justifies it's all expenses and financial position to NEPRA through a petition. The NEPRA in return determines the project tariff on a "cost plus" basis. The Project Company is allowed 17% IRR on the equity.
5.2.2 Upfront Tariff for Wind IPPs
NEPRA has announced upfront tariff during 2013, which is very attractive. It is at a "take and pay" basis and has indexations for LIBOR / KIBOR, US$ and inflation.
The upfront tariff can be a big breakthrough in the development and expansion of wind energy sector in the country. There are a few projects that have already opted for upfront tariff but those are yet to negotiate the concession documents.
5.3 ENERGY PURCHASE AGREEMENT (EPA) AND IMPLEMENTATION AGREEMENT (IA)
EPA has been signed by FFC, Zorlu, Three Gorges and Yunus Energy with NTDC. All have achieved Financial Close which makes these documents bankable.
— Modified EPA and IA for upfront / feed in tariff have also been developed.
Date of Approval Document Title: Consultant Name: Document No RE2-141-139-001 April, 2014 Renewable Resources (Pvt) Ltd Feasibility Study Report of 50 MW Project Sponsor: Document Issue Page Wind Power Project in Thimpir Sindh; Tricon Boston Consulting Corporation (Pvt.) Ltd Pakistan (Tricon Boston-Project C) 01 40 6 PROJECT IN TERMS OF POLICY FRAMEWORK
6.1 LETTER OF INTENT (LOI)
First step was to get the sponsors registered with AEDB and obtain Letter of Intent, which were obtained for 3 x 50 MW projects separately in year 2013. This letter entitled the Project Company to start working on wind power project at official level and get support from AEDB and other government departments in the preparation of feasibility study and acquisition of land for the project.
6.2 ACQUISITION OF LAND
The land was acquired from Government of Sindh. The total land area of Tricon Boston Project-C is 1284 acres.
6.3 FEASIBILITY STUDY
The feasibility study of the Project is being finalized in this document.
6.4 GENERATION LICENSE
Rights to produce and sell electricity in Pakistan are granted by NEPRA through "Generation License". Project Company will file an application to NEPRA for Generation License which authorizes a company to produce and sell electricity in the country.
6.5 TARIFF DETERMINATION
A separate application shall be prepared for approval of tariff.
Document Title: Consultant Name: Document No Date of Approval Renewable Resources (Pvt) Ltd RE2-141-139-001 April, 2014 feasibility Study Report of 50 MW Document Issue Page Wind Power Project in Jhimpir Sindh; ProjectP Sponsor: Pakistan (Tricon Boston-Project C) Tricon Boston Consulting Corporation (Pvt.) Ltd 01 41 6.6 LETTER OF SUPPORT (LOS)
Once the tariff has been approved, the Project Company is required to move for arrangement of financing. AEDB will issue a Letter of Support for the Project Company giving government guarantees until EPA and IA are fully effective to ensure sponsors and lender of the full government support. A bank guarantee @ US$ 2,500 / MW shall be required to be submitted by the Project Company before issuance of LOS.
6.7 ENERGY PURCHASE AGREEMENT (EPA)
Agreement between the Power Purchaser and the Project Company is called Energy Purchase Agreement (EPA). This agreement lists terms and conditions for the sale and purchase of electricity between the two companies. As soon as the feasibility study is submitted and upfront tariff is filed, the Project Company shall enter into the discussions of EPA.
6.8 IMPLEMENTATION AGREEMENT (IA)
The Implementation Agreement (IA) provides security to the sponsors and lenders against the performance of the power purchases through guarantees from Government of Pakistan. Its discussions shall start alongside the EPA.
6.9 FINANCIAL CLOSE
Upon approval of feasibility study, grant of generation license, approval of tariff and the signing of project documents (EPA and IA); the Project Company shall move forward to complete the financial close. However, the discussions with lenders have already been started.
Document Title: Consultant Name: Document No Date of Approval April, 2014 Renewable Resources (Pvt) Ltd RE2-141-139-001 Feasibility Study Report of 50 MW ProjectP Sponsor: Document Issue Page Wind Power Project in lhimpir Sindh; Tricon Boston Consulting Corporation (Pvt.) Ltd Pakistan (Tricon Boston-Project C) 01 42 7 PROJECT SITE
7.1 WIND CORRIDOR OF PAKISTAN
Pakistan has 1046 km long coastal line with very encouraging wind regime. According to a study carried out by NREL and the wind masts installed in the Gharo and Keti Bandar wind corridor, the average wind speed in the region is 7.4 m/s making a regional potential of more than 50,000 MW. Wind Map of Pakistan by NREL is shown in below figure.
Pakistan 50 m Wind Power
Wad Powet C tion way n,,,,.;,,c. Wtod Powto WOof Stow/ Poo. 00100041 Density oi 01 50 ret OM Sem WOW tnt. , Pow 0 200 00.54 --1 2 Llogo0 200 , 3D0 SA , 02 3 Po. a00. .PD 02 . 80 4 04:04 400 , 500 A8. 74 boo.* 020 • MO 7 4 - 7 4 8 OuboanOrg 800.1120 70. at 7 St00.0 +000 1,60 • Mg nook ovr Nood Man 44206nol500t0 And • Wetall h "Wool 10
V+,,114SAAP
Ile) tit!,
Wind Corridor Figure 7-1: Wind Map of Pakistan by NREL
Document Title: Consultant Name: Document No Date of Approval Renewable Resources (Pvt) Ltd RE2-141-139-001 April, 2014 Feasibility Study Report of 50 MW Document Issue Page Wind Power Project in ihimpir Sindh; Project Sponsor: Pakistan (Tricon Boston-Project C) Tricon Boston Consulting Corporation (Pvt.) Ltd 01 43 a Based on the wind potential, Government of Pakistan initiated the wind power projects and facilitated land to the potential investors. The lands were allocated in Gharo, Bhambore and Jhimpir, where different wind power developers are making progress. Tricon Boston has been allocated land in the Jhimpir block.
An overview of project sites allocated in Jhimpir region is given below
Figure 7-2: Wind Projects Sites in Ihimpir - Sindh
Document Title: Consultant Name: Document No Date of Approval April, 2014 Renewable Resources (Pvt) Ltd RE2-141-139-001 Feasibility Study Report of 50 MW Project Sponsor: Document Issue Page Wind Power Project in ihimpir Sindh; Tricon Boston Consulting Corporation (Pvt.) Ltd Pakistan (Tricon Boston-Project C) 01 44 r
7.2 SITE DETAILS
The 3 x 50 MW projects of Tricon Boston are located in the south of Pakistan. The 50 MW wind project of Tricon Boston Project-C is located in Jhimpir, District Thatta, Sindh Pakistan, where Jhimpir wind corridor is identified as potential area for the development of wind power projects. The land has been leased by Government of Sindh to Tricon Boston Project-C. The project site of Tricon Boston Project-C is located towards the North East of Karachi at a distance of approximately 95 km. The site is easily accessible through Karachi Hyderabad Motorway (the Super Highway). The total land acquired for the Tricon Boston Project-C is 1284 acres. The project site has very sparse little vegetation consisting of small shrubby bushes. Location of project on Pakistan map is shown in Figure 7.3.
Figure 7-3: Tricon Boston Project Site
Document Title: Consultant Name: Document No Date of Approval Renewable Resources (Pvt) Ltd RE2-141-139-001 April, 2014 Feasibility Study Report of 50 MW Document Issue Page Wind Power Project in Jhimpir Sindh; Project Sponsor: Pakistan (Tricon Boston-Project C) Tricon Boston Consulting Corporation (Pvt.) Ltd 01 45 r
Figure 7-4: Tricon Boston Project-C Site Layout
Table 7-1: Land Coordinates of Tricon Boston Project-C
Area Ref. Points Latitude Longitude WF-01 25.02374059 67.8601161 1284 Acres WF-02 25.02739251 67.86296168 WF-03 25.09062032 67.78537616 WF-04 25.09409417 67.78848019
Document Title: Consultant Name: Document No Date of Approval Renewable Resources (Pvt) Ltd RE2-141-139-001 April, 2014 Feasibility Study Report of 50 MW Project Sponsor: Document Issue Page Wind Power Project in Thimpir Sindh; Pakistan (Tricon Boston-Project C) Tricon Boston Consulting Corporation (Pvt.) Ltd 01 46 Site is located towards the north east of Karachi. Site is located at a distance of 95 km from Karachi. Orientation of the site is shown below:
TIncon Boston*Projedt
Figure 7-5: Project Site Orientation from Karachi
Topography of the land consisting of slopes, mountains, water channels. There is also bushes in and trees. Therefore, micrositing of the turbines need to be carefully handled. Pictorial view of the site is shown in Figure 7.6:
Document Title: Consultant Name: Document No Date of Approval Renewable Resources (Pvt) Ltd RE2-141-139-001 April, 2014 Feasibility Study Report of 50 MW Document Issue Page Wind Power Project in Jhimpir Sindh; Project Sponsor: Pakistan (Tricon Boston-Project C) Tricon Boston Consulting Corporation (Pvt.) Ltd 01 47 Figure 7-6: Site surroundings
Document Title: Consultant Name: Document No Date of Approval Renewable Resources (Pvt) Ltd RE2-141-139-001 April, 2014 Feasibility Study Report of 50 MW Project Sponsor: Document Issue Page Wind Power Project in Jhimpir Sindh; Pakistan (Tricon Boston-Project C) Tricon Boston Consulting Corporation (Pvt.) Ltd 01 48 Several wind farms are in development in the nearby region of Jhimpir.
a
Figure 7-7: Installation of Wind Turbines in Ihimpir
Date of Approval Document Title: Consultant Name: Document No RE2 141 139-001 April, 2014 Renewable Resources (Pvt) Ltd - - Feasibility Study Report of SO MW Project Sponsor: Document Issue Page Wind Power Project in Jhimpir Sindh; Tricon Boston Consulting Corporation (Pvt.) Ltd Pakistan (Tricon Boston-Project C) 01 49
• Date of Approval Document Title: Consultant Name: Document No April, 2014 Renewable Resources (Pvt) Ltd RE2-141-139-001 Feasibility Study Report of 50 MW Page Project Sponsor: Document Issue Wind Power Project in ihimpir Sindh; Tricon Boston Consulting Corporation (Pvt.) Ltd Pakistan (Tricon Boston-Project C) 01 50 7.3 TRANSPORTATION AND ACCESS NETWORK
A Transportation and Access Study has been carried out and is attached as Annex II.
The Site is located in the vicinity of Jhimpir area of Thatta city, Sindh province, southern Pakistan. The planned wind farm is approximately 95 km away from Karachi city, the capital of Sind province, which is also the largest port and industrial city of Pakistan. The site lies on the Super Highway which runs from Karachi to Hyderabad.
The Bin Qasim port, which is the one of the major ports of Pakistan and the point of delivery of equipment for the proposed wind power project, is located almost 107-109 km away from the site. There are only a few bridges in between the path from Bin Qasim port to the site. The load bearing capacity of the bridges in between the site and the port is good enough to bear the load of the trucks carrying the WTGs.
The major track from Hyderabad to Nooriabad is multi lane - single carriage road. The access from Nooriabad to the Site is a single track with semi metal roads. However, the terrain is flat with minimal settlement and long and heavy vehicles can easily move. Minor leveling, stone removing etc shall be required to make the way for vehicles movement. This would serve for the movement of hardware and execution of construction works.
Document Title: Consultant Name: Document No Date of Approval April, 2014 Renewable Resources (Pvt) Ltd RE2-141-139-001 Feasibility Study Report of 50 MW Project Sponsor: Document Issue Page Wind Power Project in Jhimpir Sindh; Tricon Boston Consulting Corporation (Pvt.) Ltd Pakistan (Tricon Boston-Project C) 01 51
• •
National Highwiy
Port'aisim%,
Figure 7-8: Ariel view of Track from Port Oas m to Tricon Boston Project-C
Document Title: Consultant Name: Document No Date of Approval April, 2014 Renewable Resources (Pvt) Ltd RE2-141-139-001 Feasibility Study Report of 50 MW Project Sponsor: Document Issue Page Wind Power Project in Jhimpir Sindh; Tricon Boston Consulting Corporation (Pvt.) Ltd Pakistan (Tricon Boston-Project C) 01 52
c 7.4 CLIMATIC CONDITIONS
The climate of southern parts of the Sindh province is characterized by fluctuating temperatures and sparse rainfall. The summers are hot and humid with average temperature ranging between 33 °C to 40°C. The temperature in summers may reach up to 50°C. The winters are pleasant with average temperature in the range of 15 °C to 25 °C. The months of July and August generally observe the annual monsoon rainfalls. The climate information of Karachi, which lies near to the site, is shown in table below:
Table 7-2: Climate Conditions of Karachi
Month Average Temperature ( 2C) Relative Humidity (%) Total Rainfall (mm)
Min Max am pm Mean
Jan 13 25 63 45 3.6
Feb 14 26 72 49 6.4
Mar 19 29 79 57 8.3
Apr 23 32 87 62 4.9
May 26 34 88 68 0
Jun 28 34 86 69 3.9
Jul 27 33 28 73 64.4
Aug 26 31 90 74 44.8
Sep 25 31 89 71 22.8
Oct 22 33 83 57 0.3
Nov 18 31 68 49 1.7
Dec 14 27 64 45 4.5
Document Title: Consultant Name: Document No Date of Approval Renewable Resources (Pvt) Ltd RE2-141-139-001 April, 2014 Feasibility Study Report of 50 MW PProject Sponsor: Document Issue Page Wind Power Project in Jhimpir Sindh; Pakistan (Tricon Boston-Project C) Tricon Boston Consulting Corporation (Pvt.) Ltd 01 53 7.5 TELECOMMUNICATION
The wire based land line telecommunication is available in the nearby towns. All major mobile phone suppliers including Mobilink, Telenor, Warid, Ufone and Zong have coverage on the site area.
7.6 EARTHQUAKES
According to the seismic zoning map of Pakistan, the jhimpir region falls in ZONE II-B with moderate to severe damage area probability. This has been separately covered in the Geo Technical Study and the Initial Environment Examination Study.
Document Title: Consultant Name: Document No Date of Approval Renewable Resources (Pvt) Ltd RE2-141-139-001 April, 2014 Feasibility Study Report of 50 MW Document Issue Page Wind Power Project in ihimpir Sindh; Project Sponsor: Pakistan (Tricon Boston-Project C) Tricon Boston Consulting Corporation (Pvt.) Ltd 01 54 11.
8 WIND RESOURCE ASSESSMENT
The Wind energy resource assessment and energy yield estimation report is attached as Annexure-VI.
The summary of the report is presented here for reference.
For the Wind Resource Assessment of the Project site, data of UEP masts is used. Mast is located at a distance of 07 km from site. Wind mast is shown in Figure 8.1.
Figure 8-1: Wind Mast - Closer View
Table 8-1: Specification of Wind Mast
Item Description Latitude 25° 10.584'N Longitude 67° 56.874'E Observation Parameters Wind speed, wind direction, temperature, Humidity, Pressure Observation Height Wind Speed: 80, 65, 55, 35 m and 15m Wind Direction: 78, 48 m Observation period From August, 2012 Till December, 2013 Data used for the Study From December, 2012 Till November, 2013
Document Title: Consultant Name: Document No Date of Approval April, 2014 Renewable Resources (Pvt) Ltd RE2-141-139-001 Feasibility Study Report of 50 MW Project Sponsor: Document Issue Page Wind Power Project in Jhimpir Sindh; Tricon Boston Consulting Corporation (Pvt.) Ltd Pakistan (Tricon Boston-Project C) 01 55 Figure 8-2: Wind Mast - View
Document Title: Consultant Name: Document No Date of Approval Renewable Resources (Pvt) Ltd RE2-141-139-001 April, 2014 Feasibility Study Report of 50 MW Document Issue Page Wind Power Project in ihimpir Sindh; Project Sponsor: Pakistan (Tricon Boston-Project C) Tricon Boston Consulting Corporation (Pvt.) Ltd 01 56 •
Figure 8-3: Wind Mast - Wider View
Date of Approval Document Title: Consultant Name: Document No RE2-141-139-001 April, 2014 Renewable Resources (Pvt) Ltd Feasibility Study Report of 50 MW Project Sponsor: Document Issue Page Wind Power Project in ihimpir Sindh; Tricon Boston Consulting Corporation (Pvt.) Ltd Pakistan (Tricon Boston-Project C) 01 57 The wind masts studied for the Wind Resource Assessment of the Project site are:
❖ UEP-01
Figure 8-4: Location of Masts and Project Site
Document Title: Consultant Name: Document No Date of Approval April, 2014 Renewable Resources (Pvt) Ltd RE2-141-139-001 Feasibility Study Report of 50 MW Project Sponsor: Document Issue Page Wind Power Project in ihimpir Sindh; Tricon Boston Consulting Corporation (Pvt.) Ltd Pakistan (Tricon Boston-Project C) 01 58 Report No. PPI-92.3- Draft-Final-TCN-015
RC IN
PPI ELECTRICAL GRID STUDIES
For 50 MW TRICON-BOSTON-C WIND POWER PLANT
Final Report (March, 2015) Power Planners International
UK OFFICE PAKISTAN OFFICE 3- Sylvester Road, 66-H/2, Wapda Town, Sudbury Town, Middlesex Lahore HAO 3AQ U.K. Ph. Nos. +92-42-35182835 Ph. No. +44-208-9223219 +92-42-35224247 Fax +44-208-9220657 Fax +92-42-35183166 iniwitipowerplannersint.com Website: www.powerplarmersim.com Report Contents
Executive Summary 1. Introduction 1.1. Background 1.2. Objectives 1.3. Planning Criteria 1.4. Operating Criteria 1.5. Input Data 2. Description of Problem & Study Approach 2.1 Description of the Problem 2.2 Approach to the Problem 3. Analysis of Network Prior to TCN-C WPP Interconnection 3.1 Description of the Network 3.2 Load Flow Analysis 3.3 Short Circuit Analysis 4. Development of Interconnection Scheme 4.1 Interconnection of TCN-C 50 MW WPP 4.2 Proposed Interconnection Scheme 5. Modeling of TCN-C Wind Farm 5.1. Electrical Layout of Wind Farm 5.2. Wind Farm Substation 132/22 kV 6. Load Flow Analysis 6.1. Modeling of Wind Farm in Load Flow 6.2. Reactive Power Requirements 6.3. Load Flow Analysis for Peak Load Case 2016-17 6.4. Conclusion of Load Flow Results References 7. Short Circuit Analysis for the Year 2016-17 7.1. Methodology and Assumptions 7.2. Fault Currents Calculations 7.3. Conclusions of Short Circuit Analysis
• POW ER PLANNLRS INTER NATIONAL PAW', 2 OF 62 8. Transient Stability Analysis 8.1. Assumptions and Methodology 8.2. Dynamic impact of system disturbances 8.3. Dynamic impact of Wind Farm Disturbances 8.4. Dynamic impact of faults on 220 kV Primary System 8.5. Conclusion of Stability Study 9. Extended Term Study for the Year 2020 9.1. Additional Generation and Transmission in 2020 9.2. Load Flow Studies for 2020 9.3. Maximum Fault Current Calculations for 2020 9.4. Conclusion of Extended Term Study 10. Power Quality Issues 10.1. Flicker 10.2. Voltage Unbalance 10.3. Harmonics 11. Conclusions and Recommendations
Appendices Appendix —1: Maps Appendix —2: Data • 2.1: NTDC Load Forecast
• 2.2: NTDC Generation Program • 2.3: AEDB Schedule of CODs • 2.4:Transmission Expansion Plan • 2.5:Generator Data Appendix —3: Plotted Results of Chapter 3 Appendix —4: Sketches for Chapter 4 Appendix —5: Sketches for Chapter 5 Appendix —6: Plotted Results of Chapter 6 Appendix —7: Plotted Results of Chapter 7 Appendix —8: Plotted Results of Chapter 8 Appendix —9: Plotted Results of Chapter 9
POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 3 OF 62 Executive Summary
1. Tricon-Boston-C (TCN-C) Wind Power Plant would be connected by a double circuit of 132kV looping in-out with a sub cluster also connecting Tricon- Boston-A and Tricon-Boston-C to Jhimpir-New 220/132 kV collector substation. 2. The scheme of interconnection of Tricon-Boston-C WPP presupposes the following reinforcement already in place in Jhimpir and Gharo clusters by end of 2016: • 220/132 kV Jhimpir-New substation at suitable location in Jhimpir cluster
• 80 km long double circuit from Jhimpir-New 220 kV Substation to the existing T.M. Khan Road 220 kV Substation
• A 132kV double circuit of 82 km using Greeley conductor would be constructed to connect Jhimpir-New 220/132 kV Substation with T.M. Khan in HESCO network.
• 22 • 220/132 kV Gharo-New substation at suitable location in Gharo cluster
• 65 km long 220 kV double circuit from Gharo-New 220 kV Substation to Jhimpir-New 220 kV Substation • Five sub-collectors groups will be connected to Jhimpir 220/132 kV collector substation through 132 kV double circuits. Tricon Boston B would be interconnected to one of these double circuits.
• FFC and Zorlu looped in-out with Jhimpir-Nooriabad 132 kV circuit. • Four WPPs in the collector system of Gharo 220/132 kV substation • FWEL-1 and FWEL-II through a 64 km long 132 kV D/C on Greeley conductor connected to Thatta
• Rehabilitation of the exiting 132 kV lines in the vicinity of WPP clusters, i.e. Jhimpir-Kotri, Jhimpir-Thatta, Thatta-Sujawal and Nooriabad-Jamshoro Old. 3. The existing grid system of HESCO and NTDC in the vicinity of Tricon-Boston- C WPP has been studied in detail by performing load flow, short circuit and dynamic analysis for the conditions prior to commissioning of TCN-C WPP and no bottlenecks or constraints have been found in the grid system.
IN If NI POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 4 OF 62 4. Wind Farm of TCN-A has been modeled considering the GE 1.6 MW ,which is a Type-3 WTGs with terminal voltage of 0.69 kV. The medium voltage level of wind farm has been selected as 33 kV for unit step-up transformers, for collector circuits and step-up from MV to HV (132 kV) at Farm substation to connect to
the HESCO/NTDC Grid. 5. A conceptual design of scheme of 132/33 kV substation of Tricon-Boston-C Wind Farm has been laid down as follows i. For 33 kV;
a. Two single bus-sections of 33 kV with a bus sectionalizer
b. Four breaker bays to connect four collector circuits from four collector groups of WTGs
c. Two breaker bays to connect two 132/33 kV transformers
d. Two breaker bays to connect two switched shunt capacitor banks of 2 x (4x2.5) MVAR, one in each bus section
e. Two breaker bays to connect two station auxiliary transformers 33/0.4 kV, 315 kVA
ii. For 132 kV;
a. Single bus with Sectionalizer if Farm substation is GIS
b. Double bus bars with a Bus Coupler if Farm substation is AIS
c. Two breaker bays to connect two 132/33 kV transformers
d. The protection scheme would be designed in compliance of NTDC requirements sent by Chief Engineer Protection, vide letter No.3416- 19/CE/SP/MN/50MW CWE WPP Jhimpir dated 23/07/2010
e. The telecommunication scheme would be designed in compliance of NTDC requirements sent by Chief Engineer Telecommunication, vide letter No. CE (Tel)/NTDC/232/4372 dated 27/08/2010.
iii. Other Equipment:
a. Two 132/33 kV, 40/50 MVA ONAN/ONAF OLTC transformers, 132+11 xl%/33 kV, to fulfill N-1 criteria of Grid Code
7 MI II • POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 5 OF 62 b. Two station auxiliary transformers of 33/0.4 kV, 315 kVA
c. Two switched shunt capacitor banks each of the size of 10 MVAR (4 x 2.5 MVAR) to provide 20 MVAR at 33 kV with contactors and PLC (Programmable Logic Controller).
d. Energy meters would be installed on HV side (132 kV) of the 132/33 kV transformers
6. Load flow analysis has been carried out for peak 2016-17 considering the COD targeted by Tricon Boston, for the dispersal of load from Tricon-Boston-C WPP into HESCO Grid at 132 kV level using the latest load forecast, generation and transmission expansion plans of NTDC and HESCO. The above mentioned interconnection scheme (item-1) has been evolved by performing the load flow studies testing the steady state performance for normal as well as N-I contingency conditions fulfilling the Grid Code criteria of Wind Power Plants. The reactive power requirement at point of common coupling to meet PF of ± 0.95, voltage and line loading criteria are fulfilled by these studies. The grid facilities of HESCO are found adequate to absorb output power of TCN-C WPP. 7. Maximum and minimum short circuit levels for three-phase faults and single- phase faults have been evaluated for the year 2016-17 and 2020, and it has been found that the proposed scheme provides maximum SC strength for the evacuation of TCN-C WPP power to the grid. The switchgear ratings for TCN-C WPP substation are as follows: 132 kV: Short circuit rating = 40 kA (3 sec.) Continuous rating = 2500 A 33 kV: Short circuit rating = 25 kA (3 sec.) Continuous rating = 2500 A
8. Transient Stability analysis has been carried out for TCN-C WPP based on their selection of GE 1.6 MW Type-3 WTGs, with connectivity of proposed scheme. Different disturbances have been simulated to apply stresses from the system faults on the wind farm and vice versa and it was found that TCN-C WTG unit's
POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 6 OF 62 dynamic characteristics and the grid connectivity is strong enough to maintain stability under all disturbances. In turn, any disturbance from TCN-C WPP side did not cause any stress on the main grid or the power plants in HESCO area viz. Kotri, Lakhra or Jamshoro such that the whole system remained stable under all events. 9. The LVRT requirements have been tested to fulfill 100 ms (5 cycles) under normal clearing time and 180 ms (9 cycles) for contingency condition of delayed fault clearing due to stuck- breaker (breaker failure) reason. The simulations have proved that the proposed machine fulfills the LVRT criteria as required in the Grid Code for Wind IPPs. 10. The issues of power quality like flicker, unbalance and harmonic resonance have been studied in detail. The results have indicated that the levels of flicker and unbalance are within the permissible limits of 1EC and other International Standards. 11. The study establishes that under the operating conditions discussed the proposed interconnection scheme of 50 MW of Tricon-Boston-C Wind Power Plant would be enough to evacuate the power of the WPP without any issues of state (load flow) or short circuit or dynamic performance (stability) or power quality issues related to this plant.
10, II lb NI POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 7 OF 62 1. Introduction
1.1 Background There exists a huge wind corridor in coastal Sindh, starting from Gharo-Ketti Bandar up to Jhimpir and upward, that has been identified by AEDB with an actual potential of about 50,000MW. There are many entrepreneurs coming forward to tap this huge natural resource of power. Tricon Boston Consulting Corporation is one such pioneering entrepreneur who has come forward with three 50 MW Wind Power Plants within this cluster at Jhimpir. This study has been carried out for Tricon-Boston-C (TCN-C) 50 MW WPP, one of the three WPPs by Tricon Boston within this cluster in Jhimpir. The proposed wind farm shall have the installed capacity of about 50 MW of electricity. The project is being developed in the private sector and the electricity generated from this project would be supplied to power grid of HESCO / NTDC. The services of Power Planners International have been engaged to perform the impact studies of penetration of this wind power in the national grid to evolve the most feasible interconnection scheme for this plant.
1.2 Objectives
The overall objectives of this study are: 1. Impact of TCN-C Wind Power Plant on the System 2. Impact of the System on TCN-C Wind Power Plant These impacts are to be studied for different operating conditions of Plant as well as the System. The operating condition of the plant may vary from its 100 % output to 0 % i.e. no output at all. The system conditions would be peak load, off- peak load under two generation dispatch scenarios with high hydro power availability and low hydro (or high thermal) power generation. The impacts are required to be studied for steady state as well as the dynamic and disturbed conditions of the system. The specific objectives are: 1. To develop a feasible scheme of interconnections of TCN-C Wind Power Plant (WPP) with HESCO/NTDC network at 132 kV for which
POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 8 OF 62 right of way (ROW) and space at the terminal substations would be
required to be made available.
2. To check the load-ability of lines and transformers to be within their
rated limits satisfying the clauses OC 4.8, OC 4.9, and OC 4.10 of
NEPRA Grid Code regarding the criteria of operation of frequency,
voltage and stability under normal and contingency conditions for peak
and off-peak load conditions of grid as well as the plant.
3. To check the voltage profile of the bus bars of the neighboring
interconnected network under different operating conditions
4. To check the reactive power limitations of the wind turbines and the
neighboring generators of the system; and evaluate the size of switched
shunt capacitor banks at Medium Voltage level of substation of collector
system of TCN-C Wind Farm to regulate the voltage under steady state
and contingency conditions to fulfill the Grid Code criteria of ± 0.95
Power Factor at the point of common coupling (interface point)
interconnecting Wind Farm and the Grid i.e. 132 kV gantries of outgoing
circuits.
5. To check if the contribution of fault current from this new plant
increases the fault levels at the adjoining substations at 220 kV and 132
kV voltage levels to be within the rating of equipment of these
substations, and also determine the short circuit ratings of the proposed
equipment of the Medium Voltage substation of collector system of
TCN-C Wind Farm and the NTDC/HESCO substations of 132 kV
connecting with the TCN-C Wind Farm.
6. To check the minimum short circuit strength of the system to handle
large variation of generation of wind turbine
7. To check if the interconnection with the grid withstands transient
stability criteria of post fault recovery with good damping satisfying the
NEPRA Grid Code.
8. Transient stability to see the dynamic performance of TCN-C WPP in
response to Grid disturbances and vice versa the dynamic impact of
disturbances in TCN-C WPP on the Grid.
. . POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 9 OF 62 9. To check the ability of the wind turbine generators of TCN-C WPP to remain connected following major disturbances and grid disruptions i.e. the Low Voltage Ride Through (LVRT) capability to satisfy the Grid Code requirement of LVRT for 180 ms 10. Analysis of power quality issues such as flicker, voltage-unbalance, harmonics and resonance of the system.
1.3 Planning Criteria The planning criteria required to be fulfilled by the proposed interconnection as enunciated in NEPRA Grid Code including Addendum No.1 for WPPs are as follows: Voltage ± 5 %, Normal Operating Condition 10 %, Contingency Conditions Frequency 50 Hz, Continuous, ± I% variation steady state 49.4 - 50.5 Hz, Under Contingency Short Circuit: 132 kV Substation Equipment Rating 40kA
Dynamic/Transient and Low Voltage Ride Through (LVRT): The WTGs should remain connected during voltage dip upto 30 % level, under fault conditions by ride through capability for the following sequence of disturbance 1. Total normal fault clearing time from the instant of initiation of fault current to the complete interruption of current, including the relay time and breaker interruption time to isolate the faulted element, is equal to 100 ms (5 cycles) for the systems of 132 kV and above.
2. In case of failure of primary protection (stuck breaker case), the total fault clearing time from the instant of initiation of fault current to the complete interruption of current to isolate the faulted element, including the primary protection plus the backup protection to operate and isolate the fault, is equal to 2 ms (9 cycles) for 132 kV and higher voltage levels.
3. LVRT of 100 ms for normal fault clearing and 180 ms for the case of failure of primary protection (stuck breaker case).
POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 10 OF 62
Reactive Power and Power factor: Reactive Power Control to maintain the power factor within the range of 0.95 lagging to 0.95 leading, over full range of plant operation, according to Dispatch Instructions/manual voltage adjustment requirements. Power Quality Requirements: As per IEC61400-21standards 1.4 Operating Criteria The operating requirements to be fulfilled by the proposed TCN-C WPP as enunciated in NEPRA Grid Code for WPPs (Addendum No.1) are as follows: Black Start and Islanded Operation: Exempted Active Power and Frequency Control: Exempted from precise frequency control responsibility Synchronization / De-Synchronization: (1) The Wind Power Plant will manage for (a) Smooth Synchronization (b) Smooth De-Synchronization (ii) The above operations, achieved through appropriate equipment, will be without jerk(s), felt on the grid system Power Generation Capability Forecasting Requirement: (i) Power Generation Capability Forecasting, of average power on hourly basis, will be managed by the Wind Power Plant as required from conventional power plants, except provisions of clause (ii) & (iii) below. (ii) The forecasting, as required in (i), will be estimated by Wind Power Plant through (a) Expected availability of plant during the period of forecast. (b) Predicted value of wind speed at site based upon analysis of historic wind data available. (iii) The forecasting, as required in (i), will be on the basis of total Wind Power Plant and break-up for each WTG will not be required.
• • .4'7 POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 11 OF 62 (iv) The forecasted values will not be a binding upon the wind power plant as actual wind speeds may differ significantly from predicted values over short durations.
1.5 Input Data The latest load forecast and the generation expansion plan of NTDC has been used as shown in Appendix 2 as per letter No. GMPP/CEMP/TRP-380/TBCC/1254-56. The input data regarding TCN-C Wind Farm has been provided by the client who has indicated to use GE 1.6 MW Type-3 WTGs.
.`I. POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 12 OF 62 2. Description of Problem & Study Approach
2.1 Description of the Problem In Pakistan, there is big wind power generation potential in the Southern parts of Sindh province, a small part of which is being tapped by FFC and Zorlu WPPs. With the establishment of Alternative Energy Development Board, this sector of power generation has taken an unprecedented stride and many entrepreneurs have come forward to build small and big Wind farms in this area. The peculiar nature of wind power turbine is such that its output fluctuates in terms of MW and MVAR. being dependent on the wind speed and its direction. So long as the capacity of wind farm is less significant compared to the size of the power grid it is connected, these fluctuations are absorbable without compromising the power quality. But as the penetration of wind power in the power grid increases, the capability of the power grid may not be as strong as may be required to absorb constant variations of MW, MVAR and hence rapid deviation in voltage and frequency from the system's normal operating set point.
The existing power plants nearest to the vast wind farm areas of Jhimpir in the existing power grid are Kotri and Jamshoro having installed capacity of 120 MW and 600 MW respectively. Next to them are Hub with 1200 MW, Lakhra with 70 MW, and KESC combined generation of about 1600 MW. Apparently this amount of generation in Southern grid seems strong enough to absorb the penetration of wind power of 50MW. But there are other variables that necessitate detailed studies like strengths of nodes of connectivity, loading capacity of the transmission lines to evacuate power from Wind Farm area and dynamic response of wind turbine generators and neighboring conventional synchronous generators.
The dynamic response of power plants in the neighborhood may not be uniform; as some of them are gas turbines and some are steam turbines i.e. Kotri has gas turbines whereas Jamshoro, Lakhra and Hub have steam turbines. Normally gas turbines are faster than the steam turbines to respond to changes in the system. The dynamic studies will determine how they respond to dynamic behavior of TCN-C WPP.
The above-mentioned thermal power plants do not run at their full capacity all along the whole year. During high water months when cheaper hydel power is abundantly
POW ER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL_ PAGE 13 OF 62 available in the Northern grid of NTDC, many generating units of these plants are shut down for the sake of economic dispatch. Therefore in high hydel season, which is low thermal season by default, the southern power grid would get weaker in terms of system strength, especially during off-peak hours. The dynamics of this season is different than that of high thermal season.
There are different models of different sizes and make available in the market viz. GE. Vestas, Nordex, Gamesa, Siemens, Goldwind and Vensys etc. The dynamics of each model may be different with respect to grid's dynamics. TCN-C Wind Energy is considering using Type-3 WTGs which are Doubly Fed Induction Generators. There are other wind farms going to get developed soon in the neighborhood of TCN-C wind farm. With the increase of penetration of more wind power in the same power grid, the impact studies would become even more involving from the point of view of dynamic stability.
2.2 Approach to the problem
We will apply the following approaches to the problem:
• As per the COD of TCN-C WPP provided by the Client Tricon Boston Consulting Corporation we have decided to perform our analysis for the scenario of Peak 2016-17 to judge the maximum impact of the plant.
• The base case for the year 2016-17 comprising all 500kV, 220kV and 132 kV, and 66kV system would be prepared envisaging the load forecast, the generation additions and transmission expansions for each year particularly in the Southern parts of the country. The case would include the Wind Power Plants which are developing on fast track basis and are expected to be commissioned by end of 2016. • Interconnection scheme without any physical constraints, like right of way or availability of space in the terminal substations, would be identified. • Perform technical system studies for peak load conditions of high wind seasons' power dispatches, to confirm technical feasibility of the interconnections.
NI POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 14 OF 62 • The proposed interconnection scheme will be subjected to steady state analysis (load flow), short circuit and transient stability to test the robustness of the scheme under normal and contingency conditions by checking steady state and transient/dynamic behavior under all events.
• Determine the relevant equipment for the proposed technically feasible scheme of interconnection
• Perform sensitivity studies considering adjacent wind farms to check their impact on HESCO/NTDC Grid. This sensitivity check can be performed for the ultimate planned number of Wind Power Plants in the neighborhood of
TCN-C Wind PP.
• • POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 15 OF 62 3. Analysis of Network Prior to Tricon Boston WPP Interconnection
3.1 Description of the Network The electrical grid, which is relevant for interconnection of TCN-C Wind PP, is the 132 kV network that stretches through South of Hyderabad and Jamshoro up to coastal areas of Southern Sind. This network, as it stands today is shown in Sketch-1 in Appendix-4. It comprises the following NTDC grid stations;
• Existing 500/220/132 kV grid station at Jamshoro connected through double circuits of 500 kV with Dadu in the North and Hub/New-Karachi in the South.
• Existing 220/132 kV Hala Road connected to Jamshoro 500/220/132 kV grid through a double circuit of 220 kV
• Existing T. M. Khan Road 220/132 kV gird station connected to Jamshoro 500/220/132 kV grid station by a double circuit of 220 kV The 132 kV network under HESCO has been shown only for the circuits that emanate from Hyderabad, Jamshoro and Kotri to connect to the substations of 132 kV lying South of Hyderabad. There are four existing branches of network of 132 kV that stretch southward and pass close to TCN-C WPP near Jhimpir, as follows:
• Jamshoro-Old - Nooriabad — Kalukuhar 132 kV single circuit • Kotri-Jhimpir-Thatta-P.Patho-M.P.Sakro-Garho 132 kV single circuit • Hyderabad-T.M.Khan-B.S.Karim-Sujawal-Thatta 132 kV single circuit
• The Jhimpir-Nooriabad 132 kV single circuit on double-circuit-towers (SDT) provides parallel reliability with the other two branches up to Thatta and Nooriabad. This line has been built using double-circuit towers (SDT) and the work of stringing of second circuit is in progress these days and would be completed soon. Two of the branches connecting Thatta provide parallel reliability to each other up to Thatta. However the single circuit South of Thatta going to Garho via P.Patho and M.P.Sakro does not support the supply to these substations under an outage condition. Though Jhimpir-Thatta 132 kV S/C would be the nearest electrical facility passing near the site of TCN-C WPP, but it is very old line with its PC-Pole structures and insulators in a very bad shape, thus causing frequent trippings on this line.
:g. POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 16 OF 62 The network as it is planned with wind power plants scheduled prior to commissioning of TCN-C WPP in 2016-17 is shown in Sketch-2 in Apendix-4. FFC and Zorlu are already in operation. For further addition of WPPs, NTDC, via its letter No. MD/NTDCL/PS/4403-13, has intimated that the 132 kV collector substation at Jhimpir would be completed by June 2015 and the 220 kV Collector Substations at Jhimpir and Gharo would be completed by the end of December 2015. Based on this letter, the following interconnection facilities will be in place by the end of December 2015: ■220/132 kV Jhimpir-New substation at suitable location in Jhimpir cluster ■80 km long double circuit from Jhimpir-New 220 kV Substation to the existing T.M. Khan Road 220 kV Substation ■A 132kV double circuit of 82 km using Greeley conductor would be constructed to connect Jhimpir-New 220/132 kV Substation with T.M. Khan in HESCO network. ■220/132 kV Gharo-New substation at suitable location in Gharo cluster ■65 km long 220 kV double circuit from Gharo-New 220 kV Substation to Jhimpir-New 220 kV Substation • Four sub-collectors groups will be connected to Jhimpir 220/132 kV collector substation through 132 kV double circuits ■FFC and Zorlu looped in-out with Jhimpir-Nooriabad 132 kV circuit. ■Two WPPs in the collector system of Gharo 220/132 kV substation ■FWEL-1 and FWEL-II through a 64 km long 132 kV D/C on Greeley conductor connected to Thatta • Rehabilitation of the exiting 132 kV lines in the vicinity of WPP clusters, i.e. Jhimpir-Kotri, Jhimpir-Thatta, Thatta-Sujawal and Nooriabad-Jamshoro Old.
We have carried out the interconnection study assuming that 18x50 MW and 1x30 MW WPPs in Jhimpir cluster and 6 WPPs in Gharo cluster might be commissioned prior to TCN-C without including TCN-C WPP to ascertain if there are any constraints in the system prior to TCN-C WPP's commissioning.
■•.1. POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 17 OF 62 3.1.1 Transmission Expansion Because of sizable additions of generation scheduled in South, the following transmission expansion has been planned to reinforce 500 kV and 220 kV network in South; 500 kV • Guddu-Multan 2nd circuit 500 kV In-Out at D. G. Khan 2013-14 • Guddu-Multan 3rd circuit 500 kV In-Out at R. Y. Khan 2013-14 • Guddu-R.Y. Khan 500 kV circuit In-Out at Guddu-New PP 2013-14 • Guddu-New Power Plant to M. Garh 500 kV S/C 2013-14 • Guddu-Dadu 1st circuit 500 kV In-Out at Shikarpur New 2014-15
• Guddu-Dadu 2' 500 kV In-Out at Shikarpur New 2014-15 • Jamshoro-Moro 500 kV S/C 2016-17 • Moro-R.Y. Khan 500 kV S/C 2016-17 • Dadu-Moro 500 kV S/C 2016-17 220 kV • Rohri New — Shikarpur 220 kV D/C 2012-13
• Dadu-Khuzdar 220 kV D/C 2013-14 • Uch-l-Shikarpur S/C in-out at Uch-2 Power Plant 220 kV 2013-14 • Uch-Guddu S/C In-Out at D. M. Jamali 2013-14 • Uch-2 Power Plant — Sibbi 220 kV D/C 2014-15 • Uch-I-Guddu S/C in-out at Shikarpur New 220 kV 2014-15 • Hala Road — T. M. Khan Road 220 kV S/C 2015-16 • Hala Road—T. M. Khan Road 220kV S/C In-Out at MirpurKhas New2015-16 • Jhimpir-T. M. Khan Rd. 220 kV D/C 2015-16 • Gharo-Jhimpir 220 kV D/C 2015-16
3.2 Load Flow Analysis Load flow analysis has been carried out for the NTDC / HESCO network including the connections provided to new wind power plants FFC, Zorlu on the Nooriabad to Jhimpir 132 kV Circuit and other WPPs in the Jhimpir Cluster connected to the Jhimpir-New 220/132 kV Collector Substation whereas FWEL-I, FWEL-II,
• POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 18 OF 62 HydroChina Dawood, NBT-Zab, Tenaga and Zephyr have been modeled in the Gharo cluster, as mentioned earlier, but without including TCN-C WPP to see if the network was adequate for dispersal of wind power without it. The case has been studied for the peak system conditions of 2016-17 to ascertain the maximum impact of the WPPs on the system. The dispatch of the thermal plants in the South has been set to their maximum. We kept the dispatch of Kotri the nearby power plant at 132 kV at 120 MW and other Captive Power plants such as Thatta, Nooriabad and Kotri-Site have been modeled in the case with their full generation in order to see the maximum distributed generation on 132 kV network prior to commissioning of TCN-C WPP. With this dispatch, the power flow conditions on 132 kV network around Jhimpir, Thatta and Nooriabad area would be almost same irrespective of High or Low Water dispatch conditions on the primary network of NTDC. The results are shown plotted in Exhibit 3.0 in Appendix-3 which indicates that no circuit is loaded more than its rated power carrying capacity and the voltage profile at all the bus bars of 132 kV, 220 kV and 500 kV is within the permissible range. All power plants are running at lagging power factor within their rated range.
The N-1 contingency check has also been applied for the three Southward branches each, and the results are attached in Appendix-3 as below:
Exhibit - 3.1 TCN-A 132/22 kV Single Transformer Out Exhibit - 3.2 TCN-A to Jhimpir-New 132kV Single Circuit Out Exhibit - 3.3 TCN-B 132/22 kV Single Transformer Out Exhibit - 3.4 TCN-B to TCN-A 132kV Single Circuit Out Exhibit - 3.5 TCN-B to Jhimpir New 132kV Single Circuit Out Exhibit - 3.6 Zorlu to Jhimpir 132kV Single Circuit Out Exhibit - 3.7 Jhimpir to Nooriabad 132kV Single Circuit Out Exhibit - 3.8 Jhimpir to Kotri GTPS 132kV Single Circuit Out Exhibit - 3.9 Thatta to Jhimpir 132kV Single Circuit Out Exhibit - 3.10 Jhimpir-New to T.M.Khan 132kV Single Circuit Out Exhibit - 3.11 NBT-ZAB to Gharo-New 132kV Single Circuit Out
I MI POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 19 OF 62 Exhibit - 3.12 Jhimpir-New to T.M. Khan Road 220kV Single Circuit Out Exhibit - 3.13 Gharo-New to Jhimpir-New 220kV Single Circuit Out
The load flow results of the network in the close vicinity of TCN-C WPP shown plotted in Exhibits 3.1 to 3.13 indicate that all the power flows on the lines are within the rated limits of this network. The load flow results show that the network existing before TCN-C WPP in the same vicinity in Jhimpir cluster including the Jhimpir-New 220/132 kV collector substation is just enough to absorb their power, and has no limitations in terms of power transfer capacity under normal as well as N-1 contingency, prior to connection of TCN-C WPP. We will check the adequacy of network after adding TCN-C WPP in
Chapter 6. 3.3 Short Circuit Analysis
In order to assess the short circuit strength of the network of 220 kV and 132 kV without TCN-C WPP for the grid of Southern HESCO especially in the vicinity of the site of this Wind Farm, fault currents have been calculated for balanced three-phase and unbalanced single-phase short circuit conditions. The fault levels also include the
contributions from other Wind Farms such as FFC, Zorlu etc in the Jhimpir Cluster
and FWEL-I, FWEL-11, HydroChina Dawood, NBT-Zab, Tenaga and Zephyr in the Gharo cluster, as mentioned earlier, which are expected to be in operation before
TCN-C WPP as per AEDB's latest generation schedule. The results of this analysis will not only give us the idea of the fault levels without TCN-C WPP but also it will, by comparison, let us know as to how much the
contribution of fault current from TCN-C WPP may add to the existing fault levels.
From this analysis we also get a feel of the probable nodes to connect the Wind Farm depending on their relative short circuit strength. The calculations have been made for maximum and minimum short circuit levels considering maximum and minimum generation dispatch conditions of the system in high water and low water seasons.
• • POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 20 OF 62 3.3.1 Maximum Fault Levels A case for the year 2016-17 has been developed in which all the hydel and thermal generating plants have been dispatched to cover the highest possible fault current contributions. PSS/E software provides an option of calculating the fault currents using the IEC 909 criteria, and we have used this option for all the fault calculations for this study. For maximum fault currents we have applied the following assumptions under IEC 909:
• Set tap ratios to unity • Set line charging to zero • Set shunts to zero in positive sequence • Desired voltage magnitude at bus bars set equal to 1.1 P.U. i.e. 10 % higher than nominal, which is the maximum permissible voltage under contingency condition. The short circuit levels have been plotted on the bus bars of 132 kV of substations lying in the electrical vicinity of our area of interest i.e. Jhimpir area, and are shown plotted in the Exhibit 3.14 attached in Appendix-3. Both 3-phase and I-phase fault currents are indicated in the Exhibit which are given in polar coordinates i.e. the magnitude and the angle of the current. The total fault currents are shown below the bus bar. The tabular output of the short circuit calculations is also attached in Appendix-3 for the 132 kV bus bars of our interest i.e. the substations connecting in the three branches of 132 kV running South of Hyderabad up to Southern Sind coast line. The tabular output is the detailed output showing the contribution to the fault current from the adjoining sources i.e. the lines and transformers connected to that bus. The phase currents, the sequence currents and the sequence impedances are shown in detail for each faulted bus bar. The total maximum fault currents for 3-phase and 1-phase short circuit at these substations are summarized in Table 3.1. We see that the maximum fault currents do not exceed the short circuit ratings of the equipment at these 132 kV substations which normally are 25 kA or 31.5 kA for older substations and 40 kA for new substations.
POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 21 OF 62 Cluster and FWEL-I, FWEL-II, HydroChina Dawood, NBT-Zab, Tenaga and Zephyr in the Gharo cluster is also assumed as minimum to have the minimum fault contributions from these Farms. The results are shown in Appendix-3. For minimum fault currents we have applied the following assumptions under IEC 909: • Set tap ratios to unity • Set line charging to zero • Set shunts to zero in positive sequence • Desired voltage magnitude at bus bars set equal to 0.9 P.U. i.e. 10 % lower than nominal, which is the minimum permissible voltage under contingency condition. The plotted results of the minimum fault currents are attached in Exhibit 3.15 the same way as before focusing on the significant 132 kV bus bars of substations in the electrical vicinity of Jhimpir. The tabular output of minimum fault currents shown in Appendix-3 is the detailed output showing the contribution to the fault current from the adjoining sources i.e. the lines and transformers connected to that bus. The phase currents, the sequence currents and the sequence impedances are shown in detail for each faulted bus bar. The minimum fault currents for 3-phase and I-phase short circuit at these substations are summarized in Table 3.2. Table 3.2 Minimum Short Circuit Levels without TCN-C-WPP 2016-17 3-Phase fault 1-Phase fault Substation current, kA current, kA TCN-A 132kV 8.503 6.861 TCN-A-MV 33kV 11.616 10.784 TCN-B 132kV 8.536 6.901 TCN-B-MV 33kV 11.629 10.805 Gharo-New 132 kV 5.745 4.426 Jhimpir-New 132 kV 10.733 9.243 Jhimpir 132 kV 5.354 5.407 Sujawal 132 kV 3.263 3.254 Thatta 132 kV 3.566 3.593
IN IS POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 23 OF 62 Kotri GTPS 132 kV 13.471 14.268 Nooriabad 132 kV 5.018 5.082 Jamshoro Old 132 kV 14.819 15.481 Jamshoro-New 132 kV 15.862 16.569 T.M.Khan 132 kV 10.321 10.560 HYD-TMRD 132 kV 15.558 16.268 Gharo-New 220 kV 5.059 3.474 Jhimpir-New 220 kV 8.062 6.404 T.M.Khan Road 220 kV 13.862 13.208 Jamshoro 220 kV 16.010 16.148 Hala Road 220kV 14.027 13.593
3.3.3 Comparison of Fault Levels Comparing the short circuit strengths, both in terms of maximum and minimum, of the existing substations of 132 kV in the vicinity of TCN-C WPP viz. Jhimpir, Nooriabad and Thatta, we find that Jhimpir and Nooriabad are strong points with relatively higher short circuit levels; whereas the worst is Thatta with very poor short circuit levels. In fact Nooriabad draws strength from its direct connection with Jamshoro-old having direct connection with a very strong source of Jamshoro. Jhimpir draws its strength from its direct connection with Kotri where sits a medium size gas turbine power plant and also have connection with Jamshoro. But Thatta and the grids connected in the branches that emanate from Thatta towards Sujawal etc. are poor due to weak sources feeding these branches.
IN ml POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 24 OF 62 4. Development of Interconnection Scheme 4.1 Interconnection of Tricon-Boston-C WPP in context of Tricon Boston 3x50 MW WPPs To connect the wind farms to the main grid of NTDC / HESCO, one may think of connecting each Farm with any nearby available 132 kV substation by laying a direct 132 kV circuit from the gantry of each Farm's substation. But it is important to first see if the nearby substation has enough short circuit strength to connect to a Wind farm having characteristics of time-varying output because flicker and harmonics' resonance are a function of short circuit MVA of that node where this variation would be occurring. In case there is a potential of developing of several Wind Farms in the same area, then a better interface or common coupling point may be a collector substation where each Wind Farm is connected and then this collector substation is connected to suitable node or nodes of the main national grid system. From suitable node or nodes we mean the nodes (bus bars) having relatively higher short circuit levels to mitigate the impact of time-variant generation from WTG. In case of TCN-C WPP, the nearest substation is the collector substation of Jhimpir-New 220/132 kV which would be in operation by the time TCN-C WPP is commissioned. TCN-C WPP would be connected to this via a double circuit of 132 kV that would also loop in-out TCN-A and TCN-B WPPs.
4.2 Proposed Interconnection Scheme Given that the timeline of Tricon Boston-C WPP, the following reinforcements are assumed to be present before the time TCN-C WPP comes in operation as shown in Sketch-2: ■220/132 kV Jhimpir-New substation at suitable location in Jhimpir cluster ■80 km long double circuit from Jhimpir-New 220 kV Substation to the existing T.M. Khan Road 220 kV Substation ■A 132kV double circuit of 82 km using Greeley conductor would be constructed to connect Jhimpir-New 220/132 kV Substation with T.M. Khan in HESCO network. ■220/132 kV Gharo-New substation at suitable location in Gharo cluster
IN IR II POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 25 OF 62 ■65 km long 220 kV double circuit from Gharo-New 220 kV Substation to Jhimpir-New 220 kV Substation ■Five sub-collectors groups will be connected to Jhimpir 220/132 kV collector substation through 132 kV double circuits ■FFC and Zorlu looped in-out with Jhimpir-Nooriabad 132 kV circuit. ■Two WPPs in the collector system of Gharo 220/132 kV substation ■FWEL-I and FWEL-11 through a 64 km long 132 kV D/C on Greeley conductor connected to Thatta ■Rehabilitation of the exiting 132 kV lines in the vicinity of WPP clusters, i.e. Jhimpir-Kotri, Jhimpir-Thatta, Thatta-Sujawal and Nooriabad-Jamshoro Old. Of the two sub clusters developed in Jhimpir area, one sub-cluster will comprise FFC and Zorlu looped in-out on one circuit of the Thimpir-Nooriabad 132 kV double circuit, the second sub-cluster would comprise the Jhimpir-New 220/132 kV Collector Substation and would connect five sub-collectors groups through 132 kV double circuits. TCN-C would also be connected to this Jhimpir New 220/132 kV Substation. The connection scheme of TCN-C WPP for the scenario of 2016-17 as shown in Sketch 3 would be by connecting TCN-C WPP by a double circuit of 132 kV to Jhimpir-New 220/132 kV collector substation using Greeley conductor. This double circuit would also be looped-in out at TCN-A and TCN-B WPPs
' 4:7' POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 26 OF 62 5. Modeling of Tricon-Boston-C Wind Farm 5.1 Electrical Layout of Wind Farm 5.1.1 TCN-C Selection TCN-C has selected GE 1.6 MW Type-3 WTGs which they are considering to install on their Wind Farm at Jhimpir. It is a Doubly Fed Induction Generator. Each WTG would step up from its terminal LV voltage of 0.69 kV to a medium voltage (MV) that will be 22 kV. 5.1.2 33 kV Collector Circuits The MV voltage level selected by TCN-B for interconnection of collector groups of WTGs in the Farm is 33 kV. Underground cables will be used. The collector cable ratings would be 33 kV as the rated kV level and 14.22 MVA as the loading capacity of collector cables. Maximum nominal current of 33 kV cable = (14.22/33xsqrt (3)) x 1000= 263A With 10 % safety margin, maximum nominal current of 20 kV cable = 290 A The parameters of the 33 kV Cables used in the Report are as follows: Maximum Current Rating = 322 Amps Resistance = 0.019348 P.U. at 100 MVA Base Reactance = 0.010905 P.U. at 100 MVA Base
5.2 Wind Farm Substation 132/33 kV
A substation would be built in the middle of the Farm to collect all the power from the WTGs, spread out in the Farm, at medium voltage (MV) level of 33 kV and step-up this power to high voltage (HV) level of 132 kV so that the Farm's output may be evacuated to the main grid of HESCO/NTDC. The single line diagrams of the substation, as a conceptual design, are briefly shown in SLD-1 and SLD-2A and SLD- 2B in Appendix-5 for 33 kV and 132 kV respectively. Keeping in view of the current practices in NTDC and DISCOs, the substations for power plants of the order of 50 MW, the 132 kV bus bars are double bus with a coupler i.e. double bus-single-breaker scheme. However for 132/11 kV substations, the MV bus i.e. 11 kV a single bus with or without sectionalizers. Keeping in view the NTDC/DISCOs practice, we propose to provide good reliability to a power plant as follows:
POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 27 OF 62 • Single bus scheme with a sectionalizer to enable to have two bus sections at 22kV • Double-bus single-breaker scheme with a Bus Coupler at 132 kV, if the substation is AIS
• Single-bus with a Sectionalizer to enable to have two bus sections at 132 kV, if the substation is GIS The schemes are shown in SLD-1 and SLD-2A, SLD-2B respectively and described as follows. 5.2.1 Conceptual Design of 33 kV The single line diagram SLD-1 in Appendix-5 shows the conceptual design of 33 kV (MV) bus bar of the Farm substation. It comprises of
• Two single bus-sections of 33 kV with a bus sectionalizer
• Four breaker bays to connect four collector double circuits of WTG Lines 1-4
• Two breaker bays to connect two transformers of 132/33 kV • Two breaker bays for connecting two auxiliary transformers of 33/0.4 kV • Two breaker bays to connect switched shunt capacitor banks Rating of all the breakers and bus bar equipment would be Short circuit rupturing capacity = 25 kA Normal continuous current = 1250 A for line breakers = 2500A for Bus Sectionalizer and Power TF 5.2.2 Conceptual Design of 132 kV Single-line-diagram SLD-2A and 2B (Appendix-5) shows 132 kV bus bars of the Farm substation, which would comprise as follows:
• Single bus with Sectionalizer if Farm substation is GIS • Double bus bars with a Bus Coupler if Farm substation is AIS • Two breaker bays to connect two transformers 132/33 kV • Two breaker bays to connect two circuits of 132 kV i.e. double circuit on single tower overhead line to connect to the grid system. Rating of all the breakers and bus bar equipment would be Short circuit rupturing capacity = 40 kA Normal continuous current = 1250 A for line and TF breakers = 2500 A for Bus Sectionalizer
111 IV
POWER PI ANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 28 OF 62 The other equipment of the substation consists of:
• Two 132/33 kV, 40/50 MVA ONAN/ONAF OLTC transformers, 132+11 xl%/33kV, to fulfill N-1 criteria of Grid Code
• Two station auxiliary transformers 33/0.4 kV, 315 kVA • Two switched shunt capacitor banks each of the size of 10 MVAR (4 x 2.5 MVAR) with contactors and PLC (Programmable Logic Controller).
• Energy meters would be installed on HV side (132 kV) of the 132/22kV transformers. 5.2.3 Protection and Telecommunication Scheme The protection scheme would be designed in compliance of NTDC requirements intimated by Chief Engineer Protection, vide letter No.3416-19/CE/SP/MN/50MW CWE WPP Jhimpir dated 23/07/2010 (attached in Appendix-5). The telecommunication scheme would be designed in compliance of NTDC requirements intimated by Chief Engineer Telecommunication, vide letter No. CE (Tel)/NTDC/232/4372 dated 27/08/2010 (attached in Appendix-5).
POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 29 OF 62 6. Load Flow Analysis
Load flow analysis has been carried out for the proposed scheme of interconnection of TCN-C WPP with NTDC / HESCO grid for the base case of Peak 2016-17 as per Sketch-3 in Appendix-4. It is also assumed that TCN-A and TCN-B will have also achieved their COD and thus they have been modeled in the load flow to consider the maximum impact on the NTDC/HESCO network.
6.1 Modeling of Wind Farm in the Load Flow Representation of all the individual machines in a large Wind Farm is inappropriate in most grid impact studies [1]. There is a provision in the model structure of PSS/E to allow single equivalent WTG machine model to represent multiple WTGs. However there are limitations. Disturbances within the local collector grid cannot be analyzed, and there is some potentially significant variation in the equivalent impedance for the connection to each machine. A single machine equivalent requires the approximation that the power output of all the machines will be the same at a given instant of time. For grid system impact studies, simulations are typically performed with the initial wind of sufficient speed to produce the rated output on all the machines. Under this condition, the assumption that all the machines are initially at the same (rated) output is not an approximation [2]. Otherwise this assumption presumes that the geographic dispersion is small enough that the wind over the farm is uniform. Though simulations of bulk system dynamics using a single machine equivalent are adequate for most planning studies, we have adopted a rather more detailed level of modeling by using an equivalent machine just for one group of WTGs connected to one collector feeder. Since we have four collector feeders connecting to four groups of WTGs, therefore there are four equivalent WTGs, one assumed for each collector group in this study report. The Farm Substation is represented by two bus bars as TCN-C-MV 22 kV and TCN-C 132 kV, with two inter-bus transformers of 40/50 MVA each. These transformers have an overload capacity of 50 MVA for a limited time to cover N-1 contingency criteria of Grid Code i.e. in case of outage of one transformer, the other can take up the full output of Farm i.e. 50 MVA.
POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 30 OF 62 6.2 Reactive Power Requirements TCN-C is considering using Type-3 WTGs, which are doubly fed induction generators, in their WPP. Assuming its power factor is 0.95 lagging (capacitive/generating) and 0.95 leading (inductive/absorbing), part of the reactive power output of the WTGs will be consumed by the 0.69/22 kV step-up (GSU) transformer and the rest may be consumed in the MV collector cables of the wind farm. However some reactive power might reach the MV bus bar of Farm substation. That means each WTG is self sufficient to meet VAR absorption requirement of its step-up transformer with some contribution of VARs to the Farm MV network. The Grid Code Addendum No.1 requires to meet the criteria off 0.95 power factor at the point of interconnection with the NTDC/HESCO grid at 132 kV (point of common coupling). Therefore a Farm of 50 MW generating capacity is required to pump 16.4 MVAR to the grid at full output of 50 MW. The VAR generating capability of WTG at 0.95 PF will not be able to fully meet this VAR demand of the system because of VAR loss in step-up transformers, collector cables and the HV/MV i.e. 132/22 kV transformers at the Farm substation. In order to meet the Grid Code criteria, we need to install switched shunt capacitor bank at 22 kV bus of the Farm substation of sufficient size capable of delivering 16.4 MVAR at 132 kV bus after VAR loss across 132/22 kV transformers.
6.3 Load Flow Analysis for Peak Load Case of 2016-17
Load flow analysis has been carried out for the NTDC / HESCO network to see the steady state impact of adding the generation of TCN-C WPP on the network including the connections provided to other etc in the Jhimpir Cluster and FWEL-I, FWEL-ll, HydroChina Dawood, NBT-Zab, Tenaga and Zephyr in the Gharo cluster, as mentioned earlier. TCN-C Wind Power Plant would be connected by a double circuit of 132 kV to the 132 kV side of the Jhimpir-New 220/132 kV collector substation. This double circuit would also loop in-out TCN-A and TCN-B WPPs. The network configuration is same for Jhimpir and Gharo clusters as indicated in Sketch-3 of Appendix-4 and discussed in Ch. 3. As the expected COD provided by TCN-C is in 2016, therefore the integrated case has been studied for the peak system conditions of 2016-17. We kept the dispatch of
13 0\Xil,,R PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 31 OF 62 Kotri the nearby power plant at 132 kV at 120 MW, and other Captive Power plants such as Thatta, Nooriabad and Kotri-Site are operating at their maximum therefore we can see the maximum distributed generation on 132 kV network. With this dispatch, the power flow conditions on 132 kV network around Jhimpir, Thatta and Nooriabad area would be almost same irrespective of High or Low Water dispatch conditions on the primary network of NTDC. Load flow simulations have been run for normal and contingency conditions. The results are shown plotted in Appendix-6.
6.3.1 Normal Case Exhibit 6.0 shows the normal case under the peak system conditions of 2016-17. All the wind farms in Jhimpir and Gharo clusters with installed capacity of 50 MW or 49.5 MW has been assumed dispatching nearly 47.7 MW at point of delivery (132kV) to the grid after deducting Farm losses and given some diversity in the maximum output of all the Wind Power Plants at one time. For TCN-C WPP we assume to deliver 48 MW at the point of delivery to grid at 132kV. All these loadings are within the rated limits of these circuits. The bus voltages on all the substations in Southern HESCO grid are within the normal limits of operation. We see that all the WTGs are running at a power factor above its rated value of 0.95 not using full reactive power capability leaving enough margin to cover contingencies. The switched shunt capacitor bank of 20 MVAR at 22 kV bus bar is supplying 18.8 MVAR at (23.0 kV) voltage and, after VAR loss across 132/22 kV transformers, supplying about 15.8 MVAR (nearly 0.95 PF) at 132 kV bus i.e. fulfilling the Grid Code criteria at the point of interconnection. The voltage profile on all the bus bars of 132 kV of HESCO grid are well within the normal operating criteria off 5 % off the nominal.
6.3.2 Contingency cases and evolving of reliable scheme The N-I contingency cases have been run and the results have been shown plotted as under:
Exhibit - 6.1 TCN-C 132/22 kV Single Transformer Out Exhibit - 6.2 TCN-B to TCN-C 132kV Single Circuit Out
POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 32 OF 62 Exhibit - 6.3 TCN-A 132/22 kV Single Transformer Out Exhibit - 6.4 TCN-A to Jhimpir New 132kV Single Circuit Out Exhibit — 6.5 TCN-B 132/22 kV Single Transformer Out
Exhibit — 6.6 TCN-B to TCN-A 132kV Single Circuit Out Exhibit — 6.7 TCN-C to Jhimpir New 132kV Single Circuit Out Exhibit — 6.8 Zorlu to Jhimpir 132kV Single Circuit Out
Exhibit — 6.9 Jhimpir to Nooriabad 132kV Single Circuit Out
Exhibit — 6.10 Jhimpir to Kotri GTPS 132kV Single Circuit Out
Exhibit — 6.11 Thatta to Jhimpir I 32kV Single Circuit Out Exhibit — 6.12 Jhimpir-New to T.M.Khan 132kV Single Circuit Out
Exhibit — 6.13 NBT-ZAB to Gharo-New 132kV Single Circuit Out Exhibit — 6.14 Jhimpir-New to T.M. Khan Road 220kV Single Circuit Out
Exhibit — 6.15 Gharo-New to Jhimpir-New 220kV Single Circuit Out
The results show that power flows on intact 132 kV circuits in all outages remain within their rated limits. The results show that under all events of outages, the bus voltages also remain within the permissible limits. The switched shunt capacitor banks at 22 kV bus regulates the voltage under all events. The reactive power being supplied by the 20 MVAR switched shunt capacitor banks connected at 22 kV bus, maintains the supply of VARS to the grid under all contingencies adjusting its output according to the system requirement. Therefore to cover the steady state, normal and outage conditions, the suitable size of switched shunt capacitor bank at 22 kV bus is 20 MVAR.
6.4 Conclusion of Load Flow results The load flow results of the proposed scheme of interconnection of TCN-C WPP shows no bottlenecks or capacity constraints in the adjoining 132 kV network in terms of absorbing all the output of TCN-C WPP under normal as well as the contingency conditions. The proposed interconnection scheme would require looping in out of one circuit of a 132 kV double circuit, emanating from Jhimpir-New 220/132 kV substation, at farm
...I. POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 33 OF 62 substation of TCN-C WPP. This double circuit will also include TCN-A and TCN-B WWPs. The Greeley conductor will be used with the capacity of 184 MVA per circuit. In the load flow simulation, however, the MVA capacity is assumed to be 202.4 MVA taking into account the increase in MVA capacity of the conductors at high wind speed during high wind season.
References:
1- WECC Wind Generator Modeling Group; Generic Type-3 Wind Turbine-Generator Model for Grid Studies; Version 1.1, September 14, 2006, p. 2.2 2- Ibid. p.3.1
POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 34 OF 62 7. Short Circuit Analysis for the Year 2016-17
7.1 Methodology and Assumptions
The methodology of IEC 909 has been applied in all short circuit analyses in this report for which provision is available in the PSS/E software used for these studies. For calculations of maximum fault levels the bus voltage has been assumed as 1.10 PU i.e. 10 % above the nominal as per IEC909. For calculations of minimum fault levels the bus voltage has been assumed as 0.9 PU i.e. 10 below the nominal. That covers the entire ± 10 % range of the ratings of the equipments.
7.1.1 Assumptions for maximum and minimum short circuit levels 7.1.1.1 Assumptions-Maximum short circuit levels
For evaluation of maximum short circuit levels we have assumed contribution in the fault currents from all the installed generation capacity of hydel, thermal and nuclear plants in the system in the year 2016-17. The maximum fault currents have been calculated with the following assumptions under IEC909: • Set tap ratios to unity • Set line charging to zero • Set shunts to zero in positive sequence Desired voltage magnitude at bus bars set equal to 1.10 P.U. i.e. 10 % higher than nominal, which is the maximum permissible voltage under contingency condition However tabular results of some significant bus bars of 220 kV and 132 kV in the electrical vicinity of TCN-C WPP have also been produced and placed in Appendix-7.
7.1.1.2 Assumptions-Minimum short circuit levels The minimum fault currents are important for the evaluation of power quality issues such as flicker, unbalance, sudden voltage dip and harmonics. For minimum short circuit levels we have considered off- peak conditions of 2016-17 to simulate the minimum short circuit strength of southern grid. For TCN-C WPP we have assumed dispatch of 25 % of its capacity for the minimum short circuit calculations i.e. just one collector group with partial output of 12 MW is on bar.
• • POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 35 OF 62 For minimum fault currents we have applied the following assumptions under IEC 909:
• Set tap ratios to unity • Set line charging to zero • Set shunts to zero in positive sequence Desired voltage magnitude at bus bars set equal to 0.9 P.U. i.e. 10 % lower than nominal, which is the minimum permissible voltage under contingency condition.
7.2 Fault Currents Calculations 7.2.1 Maximum short circuit levels
The short circuit levels have been calculated and plotted on the bus bars of 220 kV and 132 kV of substations lying in the electrical vicinity of our area of interest i.e. Nooriabad, Jhimpir, Thatta and Gharo area, and are shown plotted in the Exhibit 7.1 attached in Appendix-7. Both 3-phase and 1-phase fault currents are indicated in the Exhibit which are given in polar coordinates i.e. the magnitude and the angle of the current. The total fault currents are shown below the bus bar. The tabular output of the short circuit calculations is also attached in Appendix-7 for the 132 kV bus bars of our interest i.e. the substations connecting in the three branches of 132 kV running South of Hyderabad up to Southern Sind coast line. The tabular output is the detailed output showing the contribution to the fault current from the adjoining sources i.e. the lines and transformers connected to that bus. The phase currents, the sequence currents and the sequence impedances are shown in detail for each faulted bus bar. The total maximum fault currents for 3-phase and 1-phase short circuit at these substations are summarized in Table 7.1. We see that the maximum fault currents do not exceed the short circuit ratings of the equipment at these 132 kV substations which normally are 25 kA or 31.5 kA for older substations and 40 kA for new substations. The fault levels for TCN-C 132 kV are 16.45 kA and 11.81 kA for 3-phase and single-phase faults respectively in the extended term scenario of 2020. This is much less than the switchgear rating of 40 kA recommended for TCN-A Farm Substation as per NTDC requirements for 132 kV.
POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 36 OF 62 The fault levels for TCN-C 33 kV are 18.44 kA and 17.30 kA for 3-phase and single- phase faults respectively in the extended term scenario of 2020. Therefore the short circuit rating recommended for 33 kV switchgear is recommended as 25 kA.
Table-7.1 Maximum Short Circuit Levels with TCN-C-WPP 2016-17 3-Phase fault 1-Phase fault Substation current, kA current, kA TCN-C 132kV 16.69 13.48 TCN-C-MV 33 kV 18.35 17.66 TCN-A 132kV 16.27 13.06 TCN-A-MV 33 kV 18.22 17.49 TCN-B 132kV 16.45 13.27 TCN-B-MV 33 kV 18.25 17.55 Gharo-New 132 kV 9.50 7.84 Jhimpir-New 132 kV 23.39 20.79 Jhimpir 132 kV 8.78 8.82 Sujawal 132 kV 4.45 4.39 Thatta 132 kV 5.99 5.98 Kotri GTPS 132 kV 24.00 25.42 Nooriabad 132 kV 7.84 8.01 Jamshoro Old 132 kV 25.13 25.91 Jamshoro-New 132 kV 27.17 28.02 T.M.Khan 132 kV 15.50 15.63 HYD-TMRD 132 kV 26.74 27.36 Gharo-New 220 kV 8.17 5.91 Jhimpir-New 220 kV 15.09 12.24 T.M.Khan Road 220 kV 28.11 24.99 Jamshoro 220 kV 35.19 35.83 Hala Road 220kV 28.39 25.91
POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 37 OF 62 Table-7.2 Maximum Short Circuit Levels with TCN-C-WPP 2020
3-Phase fault 1-Phase fault Substation current, kA current, kA TCN-A 132kV 16.05 14.49 TCN-A-MV 33kV 18.35 18.02 TCN-B 132Kv 16.22 11.43 TCN-B-MV 33kV 18.32 17.10 TCN-C 132kV 16.45 11.81 TCN-C-MV 33kV 18.44 17.30 Gharo-New 132 kV 9.46 7.75 Jhimpir-New 132 kV 22.80 19.30 Jhimpir 132 kV 10.03 7.94 Sujawal 132 kV 5.35 3.59 Thatta 132 kV 6.39 4.74 Kotri GTPS 132 kV 19.47 19.40 Nooriabad 132 kV 10.57 8.16 Jamshoro Old 132 kV 22.46 19.94 Jamshoro-New 132 kV 23.81 21.58 T.M.Khan 132 kV 14.82 10.47 HYD-TMRD 132 kV 14.83 12.56 Gharo-New 220 kV 8.12 5.80 Jhimpir-New 220 kV 14.85 11.44 T.M.Khan Road 220 kV 27.05 17.51 Jamshoro 220 kV 41.07 42.38 Hala Road 220kV 30.81 25.00 Jamshoro 500 kV 39.09 31.98 Dadu 500 kV 21.76 10.37 Shikarpur 500 kV 19.32 11.53
7.2.2 Minimum short circuit levels The minimum fault levels have been calculated for minimum dispatch of power in the grid system. The plotted results of short circuit analysis are attached as Exhibit 7.2.
..... POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 38 OF 62 Both 3-phase and I-phase fault currents are indicated in the Exhibit which are given in polar coordinates i.e. the magnitude and the angle of the current. The total fault currents are shown below the faulted bus bar.
The tabular output of the short circuit calculations is also attached in Appendix-7 for the 132 kV bus bars of our interest i.e. the substations connecting in the three branches of 132 kV running South of Hyderabad up to Southern Sind coast line. The tabular output is the detailed output showing the contribution to the fault current from the adjoining sources i.e. the lines and transformers connected to that bus. The phase currents, the sequence currents and the sequence impedances are shown in detail for each faulted bus bar.
The total minimum fault currents for 3-phase and 1-phase short circuit at these substations are summarized in Table 7.2.
Table-7.2 Minimum Short Circuit Levels with TCN-C-WPP 2016-17 3-Phase fault 1-Phase fault Substation current, kA current, kA TCN-C 132kV 8.720 6.933 TCN-C-MV 132kV 11.689 10.804 TCN-A 132Kv 8.584 6.790 TCN-A-MV 132kV 11.659 10.748 TCN-B 132kV 8.622 6.831 TCN-B-MV 132kV 11.674 10.770 Gharo-New 132 kV 5.759 4.439 Jhimpir-New 132 kV 10.823 9.333 Jhimpir 132 kV 5.357 5.410 Sujawal 132 kV 3.265 3.257 Thatta 132 kV 3.568 3.595 Kotri GTPS 132 kV 13.493 14.289 Nooriabad 132 kV 5.021 5.085 Jamshoro Old 132 kV 14.844 15.506 Jamshoro-New 132 kV 15.891 16.596 T.M.Khan 132 kV 10.348 10.586
IN POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 39 OF 62 HYD-TMRD 132 kV 15.593 16.302 Gharo-New 220 kV 5.077 3.487 Jhimpir-New 220 kV 8.105 6.448 T.M.Khan Road 220 kV 13.903 13.244 Jamshoro 220 kV 16.049 16.182 Hala Road 220kV 14.066 13.627
7.3 Conclusions of Short Circuit Analysis
In order to see how much the TCN-C WPP has contributed to increase the fault levels of the substations in its electrical vicinity, we compare the maximum fault levels with the fault levels of the same bus bars in Table 3.1 (Chapter-3) evaluated without TCN-C WPP but inclusive of other Wind Farms such as FFC, Zorlu etc in the Jhimpir Cluster and FWEL-1, FWEL-II, HydroChina Dawood, NBT-Zab, Tenaga and Zephyr in the Gharo cluster.. As a whole the fault levels at all the 132 kV bus bars are well below the short circuit rating of the equipment at these substations. The fault levels for TCN-C 33 kV are 18.44 kA and 17.30 kA for 3-phase and single- phase faults respectively in the extended term scenario of 2020. Therefore the short circuit rating recommended for 33 kV switchgear is recommended as 25 kA. Comparing the minimum short circuit levels of the 132 kV substations of HESCO near the Wind Farms, we find that in terms of short circuit strength, the levels at Jhimpir-New and Jhimpir 132 kV get better and the short circuit strength is improved after the interconnection of TCN-C WPP in 2016-2017. Furthermore the short circuit strength also improves in the extended term scenario of 2020. The short circuit strength is very important for Power Quality issues like flicker, harmonics and voltage unbalance. Exhibit 7.2.1 and 7.2.2 show the results of minimum fault levels in MVA to be used in Power Quality analysis carried out in Ch.9 The fault levels indicate that there are no constraints in terms of short circuit ratings of the equipment of the adjoining substations and there is improvement in minimum fault levels. The proposed interconnection scheme holds good on the basis of short circuit analysis as well
N1 POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 40 OF 62 8. Transient Stability Analysis
The objective of transient stability study is to see: 1. Dynamic impact of TCN-C Wind Power Plant on the System 2. Dynamic impact of the System on TCN-C Wind Power Plant 8.1 Assumptions & Methodology 8.1.1 Type-3 WTG Dynamic Model TCN-C is considering using Doubly Fed Induction Generator which is designated as Type-3 WTG in their Wind Power Plant. We have used the generic Type-3 wind turbine-generator model, which has been developed and has been made available by Siemens—PTI to their users of PSS/E software. Only the main parameters have been incorporated in this model, whereas other details and minute control parameters have been based on assumptions in the controllers of generic model of Siemens-PTI software PSS/E.
8.2 Dynamic Impact of System Disturbances 8.2.1 Three Phase Faults, Normal Clearing Time of 5 Cycles & Trip of Circuits The system disturbances have been simulated for this model as follows; Three- phase fault applied at TCN-C 132 kV bus bar, cleared in 5 cycles as normal clearing time i.e. 100 m seconds, followed by trip of 132 kV single circuit between TCN-C-WPP and Jhimpir-New, which was significantly loaded in the pre-fault normal load flow case and its outage may cause severe impact. Fig 8.1.1 indicates the bus voltages in pre and post fault conditions at 132 kV substations in the vicinity of TCN-C WPP. We find that the voltages recover smoothly and quickly to their pre-disturbance values. The system frequency indicated in Fig. 8.1.2 shows very nominal excursions of frequency that damps down very quickly and smoothly The MW and MVAR output of equivalent WTG get back to normal quickly after the fault clearance as shown in Fig 8.1.3.
. . POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 41 OF 62 The dynamic response of generator is shown in Figs 8.1.4 showing the recovery of speed and mechanical power. We find that the WTG is robust enough to damp down transients in the generator speed and Pmech. Fig 8.1.5 shows that the aerodynamic torque that dips down after fault is recovered by pitch angle control which responds quickly and restores the aerodynamic torque to normal with good damping of oscillations after fault clearance. Fig. 8.1.6 shows no impact on shaft twist angle and quick damping of transients in aerodynamic power (Paero) on the rotor blade side. Fig. 8.1.7 indicates no impact on turbine rotor speed and quick recovery of generator speed. Fig. 8.1.8 shows the dynamic response of pitch control and pitch compensation that acts quickly to stabilize the WTG. The outage of 132 kV single circuit between TCN-C to Jhimpir-New causes the entire output of TCN-C to shift to the intact circuit between TCN-B to TCN-C which is then combined with the power from TCN-A to cause significant loading on the TCN-A to Jhimpir-New 132 kV Single Circuit. Fig. 8.1.9 shows the transients of MW and MVAR flows on TCN-A to Jhimpir-New 132 kV circuit which settles the transients quickly and acquire new steady state levels soon. The response of the adjoining power plant of TCN-A is shown in Fig 8.1.10, where the MW outputs of the generators recover to almost their pre-fault output levels. The angular stability of other conventional generators of the system can be seen in Fig. 8.1.11. The relative rotor angles of Kotri 132 kV, Lakhra 132 kV, Nooriabad 132 kV, Thatta 132 kV and Jamshoro 220 kV are plotted w.r.t. Hub 500 kV. The results show that they remain in synchronism with the system generators and stay stable. The angular swings are also nominal and damp quickly.
8.2.2 Three Phase Faults, Clearing Time of 9 Cycles (Stuck Breaker): LVRT Test The system disturbances have been simulated for this model as follows; Three- phase fault applied at TCN-C 132 kV bus bar, cleared in 9 cycles as normal clearing time i.e. 180 in seconds, followed by trip of 132 kV single circuit between TCN-C-WPP and Jhimpir-New, which was significantly loaded in the pre-fault normal load flow case and its outage may cause severe impact.
NI lb
POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 42 OF 62 Fig 8.2.1 indicates the bus voltages in pre and post fault conditions at 132 kV substations in the vicinity of TCN-C WPP. We find that the voltages recover smoothly and quickly to their pre-disturbance values. The system frequency indicated in Fig. 8.2.2 shows very nominal excursions of frequency that damps down very quickly and smoothly The MW and MVAR output of equivalent WTG get back to normal quickly after the fault clearance as shown in Fig 8.2.3. The dynamic response of generator is shown in Figs 8.2.4 showing the recovery of speed and mechanical power. We find that the WTG is robust enough to damp down transients in the generator speed and Pmech. Fig 8.2.5 shows that the aerodynamic torque that dips down after fault is recovered by pitch angle control which responds quickly and restores the aerodynamic torque to normal with good damping of oscillations after fault clearance. Fig. 8.2.6 shows no impact on shaft twist angle and quick damping of transients in aerodynamic power (Paero) on the rotor blade side. Fig. 8.2.7 indicates no impact on turbine rotor speed and quick recovery of generator speed. Fig. 8.2.8 shows the dynamic response of pitch control and pitch compensation that acts quickly to stabilize the WTG. The outage of 132 kV single circuit between TCN-C to Jhimpir-New causes the entire output of TCN-C to shift to the intact circuit between TCN-B to TCN-C which is then combined with the power from TCN-A to cause significant loading on the TCN-A to Jhimpir-New 132 kV Single Circuit. Fig. 8.2.9 shows the transients of MW and MVAR flows on TCN-A to Jhimpir-New 132 kV circuit which settles the transients quickly and acquire new steady state levels soon. The response of the adjoining power plant of TCN-A is shown in Fig 8.2.10, where the MW outputs of the generators recover to almost their pre-fault output levels. The angular stability of other conventional generators of the system can be seen in Fig. 8.2.11. The relative rotor angles of Kotri 132 kV, Lakhra 132 kV, Nooriabad 132 kV, Thatta 132 kV and Jamshoro 220 kV are plotted w.r.t. Hub 500 kV. The results show that they remain in synchronism with the system generators and stay stable. The angular swings are also nominal and damp quickly.
VA IN .4'1. POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 43 OF 62 8.3 Dynamic Impact of Wind Farm Disturbances 8.3.1 Sudden Loss of a group of WTGs We have simulated the sudden loss of a group of WTGs, i.e. loss of one equivalent WTG of 12.5 MW representing a collector group. This happens due to 3-phase fault on the MV bus of TCN-C Farm substation and cleared by tripping of a collector double circuit. The fault clearing at 22 kV is assumed as 10 cycles (200 ms). The following variables are monitored Fig 8.3.1 indicates the bus voltages in pre and post fault conditions at 132 kV substations in the vicinity of TCN-C WPP. We find that the voltages recover smoothly and quickly to their pre-disturbance values. The system frequency indicated in Fig. 8.3.2 shows very nominal excursions of frequency that damps down very quickly and smoothly The MW and MVAR output of equivalent WTG get back to normal quickly after the fault clearance as shown in Fig 8.3.3. The dynamic response of generator is shown in Figs 8.3.4 showing the recovery of speed and mechanical power. We find that the WTG is robust enough to damp down transients in the generator speed and Pmech. Fig 8.3.5 shows that the aerodynamic torque that dips down after fault is recovered by pitch angle control which responds quickly and restores the aerodynamic torque to normal with good damping of oscillations after fault clearance. Fig. 8.3.6 shows no impact on shaft twist angle and quick damping of transients in aerodynamic power (Paero) on the rotor blade side. Fig. 8.3.7 indicates no impact on turbine rotor speed and quick recovery of generator speed. Fig. 8.3.8 shows the dynamic response of pitch control and pitch compensation that acts quickly to stabilize the WTG. The outage of a collector group causes the power flow through the 132/22 kV Transformers to change. Fig. 8.3.9 shows the transients of MW and MVAR flows on
. . POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 44 OF 62 a 132/22 kV TF at TCN-C WPP which settle the transients quickly and acquire new steady state levels soon. The response of the adjoining power plant of TCN-A is shown in Fig 8.3.10, where the MW outputs of the generators recover to almost their pre-fault output levels. The angular stability of other conventional generators of the system can be seen in Fig. 8.3.11. The relative rotor angles of Kotri 132 kV, Lakhra 132 kV, Nooriabad 132 kV, Thatta 132 kV and Jamshoro 220 kV are plotted w.r.t. Hub 500 kV. The results show that they remain in synchronism with the system generators and stay stable. The angular swings are also nominal and damp quickly.
8.3.2 Sudden Loss of one of 132/22 kV Transformer in the Farm Substation The sudden trip of 132/22 kV transformer in the TCN-C Farm is caused with the clearing of 3-phase fault on MV bus of Farm substation. Fig 8.4.1 indicates the bus voltages in pre and post fault conditions at 132 kV substations in the vicinity of TCN-C WPP. We find that the voltages recover smoothly and quickly to their pre-disturbance values. The system frequency indicated in Fig. 8.4.2 shows very nominal excursions of frequency that damps down very quickly and smoothly The MW and MVAR output of equivalent WTG get back to normal quickly after the fault clearance as shown in Fig 8.4.3. The dynamic response of generator is shown in Figs 8.4.4 showing the recovery of speed and mechanical power. We find that the WTG is robust enough to damp down transients in the generator speed and Pmech. Fig 8.4.5 shows that the aerodynamic torque that dips down after fault is recovered by pitch angle control which responds quickly and restores the aerodynamic torque to normal with good damping of oscillations after fault clearance. Fig. 8.4.6 shows no impact on shaft twist angle and quick damping of transients in aerodynamic power (Paero) on the rotor blade side. Fig. 8.4.7 indicates no impact on turbine rotor speed and quick recovery of generator speed. Fig. 8.4.8 shows the dynamic response of pitch control and pitch compensation that acts quickly to stabilize the WTG.
IN • POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 45 OF 62 The outage of one 132/22 kV Transformer at TCN-C WPP Substation causes the entire output of TCN-C WPP to shift to the intact Transformer at TCN-C WPP
Substation. Fig. 8.4.9 shows the transients of MW and MVAR flows on the 132/22 kV TCN-C WPP transformer which settles the transients quickly and acquire new steady state levels soon. The response of the adjoining power plant of TCN-C is shown in Fig 8.4.10 where the
MW outputs of the generators recover to almost their pre-fault output levels.
The angular stability of other conventional generators of the system can be seen in
Fig. 8.4.11. The relative rotor angles of Kotri 132 kV, Lakhra 132 kV, Nooriabad 132 kV, Thatta 132 kV and Jamshoro 220 kV are plotted w.r.t. Flub 500 kV. The results show that they remain in synchronism with the system generators and stay stable. The angular swings are also nominal and damp quickly.
8.4 Dynamic Impact of Faults on 220 kV Primary System 8.4.1 Three Phase Faults, Normal Clearing Time of 5 Cycles & Trip of Circuit
The system disturbances have been simulated for this model as follows;
Three-phase fault applied at Jhimpir-New 220 kV bus bar, cleared in 5 cycles as normal clearing time i.e. 100 in seconds, followed by trip of 220 kV single circuit between Jhimpir-New to T.M. Khan, which was significantly loaded in the pre-fault normal load flow case and its outage may cause severe impact.
Fig 8.5.1 indicates the bus voltages in pre and post fault conditions at bus bars of
TCN-WPP and on the 132 kV and 220 kV Substations in the vicinity of Jhimpir-New.
We find that the voltages recover smoothly and quickly to their pre-disturbance values. The system frequency indicated in Fig. 8.5.2 shows very nominal excursions of frequency that damps down very quickly and smoothly
The MW and MVAR output of equivalent WTG get back to normal quickly after the fault clearance as shown in Fig 8.5.3. The dynamic response of generator is shown in Figs 8.5.4 showing the recovery of speed and mechanical power. We find that the WTG is robust enough to damp down transients in the generator speed and Pmech.
I I • POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 46 OF 62 Fig 8.5.5 shows that the aerodynamic torque that dips down after fault is recovered by pitch angle control which responds quickly and restores the aerodynamic torque to normal with good damping of oscillations after fault clearance. Fig. 8.5.6 shows no impact on shaft twist angle and quick damping of transients in aerodynamic power (Paero) on the rotor blade side. Fig. 8.5.7 indicates no impact on turbine rotor speed and quick recovery of generator speed. Fig. 8.5.8 shows the dynamic response of pitch control and pitch compensation that acts quickly to stabilize the WTG. The outage of 220 kV single circuit between Jhimpir-New to T.M. Khan causes the entire output of that circuit to shift to the intact 220 kV circuit Jhimpir-New to T.M. Khan. Fig. 8.5.9 shows the transients of MW and MVAR flows on Jhimpir-New to T.M. Khan 220 kV circuit which settles the transients quickly and acquire new steady state levels soon. The response of the adjoining power plant of TCN-A is shown in Fig 8.5.10, where the MW outputs of the generators recover to almost their pre-fault output levels. The angular stability of other conventional generators of the system can be seen in Fig. 8.5.11. The relative rotor angles of Kotri 132 kV, Lakhra 132 kV, Nooriabad 132 kV, Thatta 132 kV and Jamshoro 220 kV are plotted w.r.t. Hub 500 kV. The results show that they remain in synchronism with the system generators and stay stable. The angular swings are also nominal and damp quickly.
8.5 Conclusion of Stability Study
The transient stability analysis performed as discussed above indicates that the NTDC/HESCO system connecting to TCN-C WPP through the proposed scheme of interconnection is strong enough to absorb the worst disturbances on either side i.e. on TCN-C WPP side or the Grid side.
IN IS la ...I. POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 47 OF 62 There are no constraints of connecting TCN-C WPP with the NTDC/HESCO grid in terms of transients or dynamic behavior of system under the disturbed conditions either on the Farm side or on the Grid side.
9- Power Quality The issues of power quality are of particular importance to wind turbines that may cause flicker and distortions in the power supply due to harmonics and unbalance. These issues are more significant for weak systems of low short circuit strength. Therefore we have investigated these issues for the case of minimum short circuit of 2016-17 for the proposed scheme of interconnection.We have assumed a WTG of generating capacity 1.6 MW. The same case has been re-evaluated with per unit MVA values and plotted for 3-phase faults in Exhibits 7.2.1 and 7.2.2 in Appendix-7.
9.1 Flicker •
We have used IEC61400-21 for the calculations of flicker levels for steady-state continuous operation and for switching conditions [I].
9.1.1 Continuous Operation The probability of 99th percentile flicker emission from a single wind turbine during
continuous operation for short time PstE and longer time flicker levels Pitl are assumed same and calculated by the following formula
1,1;+,.1.0 )• Snri )2
where • c uyk .ra ) is the flicker coefficient of the wind turbine for the given network impedance phase angle_ iirk at the PCC. and for the given annual average wind speed. a at hub-height of the wind turryne at the site: Sr, is the ratec apparent power of the wind turbine: Sk is the short-circuit apparent power at the Poe
is :he number of wind turbines connected to the P00.
IS POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 48 OF 62 PCC is the point of common coupling of WTGs that is MV bus of TCN-C Farm substation. For minimum short circuit case we have assumed the same case as discussed in paragraph 7.2.1 of Chapter 7 in which output of TCN-C Wind farm reduced as low as 25 % of its rated capacity. Therefore taking one collector group as one equivalent generator of 7 x 1.6 MW we have calculated as follows; 1.78 MVA at 0.90 PF
NWT = 7
Sk for MV bus = 670 MVA The value of c (qh,) at 10 minute average speed (va) is supplied by the manufacturer after filed measurements of Pst, tic for different operating conditions using the following formula.
Sk,fiC 2:4fic i)
where
Si is the rated apparent power of the wind turbine:
fic is the short-circuit apparent power of Inc fict4ious grid.
The value of c (LIJk) may not be greater than 1, therefore for the present analysis we may assume it as 1 for the worst case. Putting this data in the above Equation, we find PstE =PitE= 0.007029= 0.7029 % Whereas the acceptable value is 4 % as mentioned in Ref. [2]. Therefore we are much less than the maximum permissible level and the WTGs at TCN-C Wind farm would not cause any flicker problem during steady state operation even in the weakest system conditions of minimum short circuit level. 9.1.2 Switching Operation
The most common switching operations would be as follows; a. Wind turbine start-up at cut-in speed b. Wind turbine start-up at rated wind speed c. The worst case of switching between the WTGs The flicker emission from the wind farm of many machines can be calculated by the following equation as per IEC61400-21 (Section 8.3.2)
IN 101 POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 49 OF 62 31 8 itE j 1fr, ■1/ k I i=1
wnere Yiej and are :ne number of switching operations of the individual wind turbine with n a 13 in and 2 h period respectively: '17f 1( ) is the flicker step factor of the individual wind
is the rated power of me individual wind tdroine
The values of Nin and Nizo are usually provided by the manufacturers based on field measurements, but if these are not available then 1EC61400-21 proposes in section 7.6.3 to use as follows; For switching conditions of (a) and (b) Nio= 10
N120 = 120 For switching conditions of (c) Nio = 1 Nizo = 12 The value of flicker step factor kc, (ilJk) is also provided by the manufacturer after the field and factory measurements; but for the present analysis we assume it to be equal to 1. Substituting the numbers in the above equations, we find for switching conditions of (a) and (b) as follows;
Psi = 0.159072 = 0.152742 For switching conditions of (c) these values would be less as the frequency of occurrence assumed i.e. Nio and 1\11,0 are 10 times less. Engineering Recommendation P28 (Electricity Association, 1989) specifies an absolute maximum of Psi on a network from all sources to be 1.0 with a 2 hour Psi value of 0.6. However, extreme caution is advised if these limits are approached as
POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 50 OF 62 the risk of complaints increases when the limits are reached, therefore, an assessment method proposed in the same document is based on Psi not exceeding 0.5. British Standard (1995) is less stringent specifying that over a one week period 131, must be less than I for 95 % of the time. Gardner (1996) describes Ps, limits from a number of utilities in the range of 0.25 to 0.5 [2]. The values evaluated above are less than the values recommended in the references of above standards.
9.2 Voltage Unbalance
9.2.1 Voltage Step-Change
The voltage step change would occur when a WTG will be energized, assuming just one WTG in the collector for the minimum No. of units in the collector being energized.
The limit on the voltage change is based on the impedance of the circuit between the point of connection and the MV transformer bus bar together with the apparent power of the wind turbine generators. The following equation needs to be satisfied [2];
AV = /SwKA R1/SKE) - (l/SKSS)] < 1/33 or 3 %
Where SwKA= MVA rating of the WTG SKE = Short circuit MVA at connection point SKSS = Short circuit MVA at MV bus of the wind farm substation For the minimum short circuit case, we have calculated minimum fault levels in MVA as shown in Exhibit 7.2.2 SwKA= 1.78 MVA for the equivalent WTG of a collector group for the minimum case SKEI for one WTG in collector group = 560 MVA (Exhibit 7.2.2) SKSS = 650 MVA (Exhibit 7.2.2) Substituting these values we get AV = 0.00044011= 0.044011%
Which is much less than the limit of 3 % . . ...I. POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL. PAGE 51 OF 62 9.2.2 Voltage Fluctuation
For the limits of voltage fluctuation, we need to satisfy the following equation [2].
(PwKA /SKi-)2_ 1/25 or 4 %
Where
PWKA = MW rating of the WTG SKE = Short circuit MVA at connection point Punching all the numbers in this equation, we get Voltage Fluctuation = 0.002857= 0.286% Which is less than the maximum permissible specified as 4 %.
9.3 Harmonics
Regarding harmonics, 1EC61400-21 states as follows [1]; "A wind turbine with induction generator directly connected to the electrical system (i.e. without a power electronic converter) is not expected to cause any significant harmonic distortion. Hence this standard does not require any further assessment of these. "For a wind turbine with a directly connected synchronous generator (without a power electronic converter)....the wind turbine will only give a very limited emission of harmonic currents, and hence this standard does not require any further assessment of these." Therefore we have to look into the harmonic phenomena for a wind turbine with a power electronic converter. The important thing would be to see if the resonance of harmonics generated from the WTG occurs at or near odd-harmonic frequency or not. For this purpose we carried out frequency scan by employing a state of art software PSCAD / EMTDC. The system upto T.M. Khan Road and Jhimpir-New 220/132 kV has been modeled in detail however the system behind these nodes has been represented by an equivalent voltage source. These equivalents have been developed from the Short Circuit cases of PSS/E discussed earlier in Chapter 7. The frequency has been scanned through a spectrum of impedance values of this equivalent circuit at the node of TCN-C-WPP 33 kV, which is the medium voltage
NI IR POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 52 OF 62 bus of the Wind Farm substation. If harmonic resonance is controlled at this node then all the emissions of harmonics are well contained within the Farm itself. The switched shunt capacitor banks installed at MV bus bar for voltage regulation would play an important role in causing or avoiding harmonic resonance. So we have carried out the frequency scan with and without the switched shunt capacitor banks at MV bus of 33 kV for a range of 0 to 2000 Hz i.e. from fundamental frequency to 40th harmonic. However, the results have been plotted in the figures for a frequency range up to 750 Hz i.e. upto 15th harmonic, because the frequencies beyond that value are of less importance, and once the resonant point occurs at some frequency up to that range, then it would normally not recur after that. 9.3.1 Without Switched Shunt Capacitor Banks The frequency versus positive and zero sequence resistance and reactance i.e., R+ Ro, X+, X0, are shown plotted in Figures 9.1.1, 9.1.2, 9.1.3 and 9.1.4.
R+
— R+ O
0
0
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 Freq. Hz
Fig 9.1.1
a •a .47' POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 53 OF 62
• Fig 9.1.2
•
Fig 9.1.3
POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 54 OF 62 • Fig 9.1.4 We find from the figures that up to 700 Hz i.e. 14th Harmonic no resonance phenomenon is seen. We will now investigate the same case with the proposed capacitor bank at the 33 kV Bus of TCN-C WPP.
9.3.2 With Switched Shunt Capacitor Banks As we know that already we have proposed a switched shunt capacitor bank of 20 MVAR at MV bus of 33 kV for voltage regulation and reactive power compensation of the WTG consuming VARs. Therefore, we now see the impact of this capacitor bank on harmonic resonance. The PSCAD simulation has been run for frequency scanning and the results are shown plotted in Figs 9.2.1, 9.2.2, 9.2.3 and • 9.2.4 respectively for positive and zero sequence resistance and reactance.
. . POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 55 OF 62 Fig 9.2.1
•
Fig 9.2.2
POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 56 OF 62
Fig 9.2.3 S
•
Fig 9.2.4
I lb
POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 57 OF 62 The results show that there is no zero crossing or change of signs of reactance or a maxima-minima of resistance showing no resonance i.e. the resonance point is detuned permanently not to occur at all.
References
1- Wind Turbine Generator Systems, 1EC61400-21 First edition 2001-12; Part 21; Chapters 6, 7 and 8. 2- Wind Energy Handbook; John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 2001, Chapter 10
POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 58 OF 62 10- Conclusions & Recommendations
1. Tricon-Boston-C (TCN-C) Wind Power Plant would be connected by a double circuit of 132kV looping in-out with a sub cluster also connecting Tricon- Boston-A and Tricon-Boston-C to Jhimpir-New 220/132 kV collector substation. 2. The scheme of interconnection of Tricon-Boston-C WPP presupposes the following reinforcement already in place in Jhimpir and Gharo clusters by end of 2016: • 220/132 kV Jhimpir-New substation at suitable location in Jhimpir cluster • 80 km long double circuit from Jhimpir-New 220 kV Substation to the existing T.M. Khan Road 220 kV Substation
• A 132kV double circuit of 82 km using Greeley conductor would be constructed to connect Jhimpir-New 220/132 kV Substation with T.M. Khan in HESCO network.
• 220/132 kV Gharo-New substation at suitable location in Gharo cluster
• 65 km long 220 kV double circuit from Gharo-New 220 kV Substation to Jhimpir-New 220 kV Substation • Five sub-collectors groups will be connected to Jhimpir 220/132 kV collector substation through 132 kV double circuits. Tricon Boston B would be interconnected to one of these double circuits. • FFC and Zorlu looped in-out with Jhimpir-132 kV circuit. • Four WPPs in the collector system of Gharo 220/132 kV substation • FWEL-I and FWEL-II through a 64 km long 132 kV D/C on Greeley conductor connected to Thatta • Rehabilitation of the exiting 132 kV lines in the vicinity of WPP clusters, i.e. Jhimpir-Kotri, Jhimpir-Thatta, Thatta-Sujawal and Nooriabad-Jamshoro Old. 3. The existing grid system of HESCO and NTDC in the vicinity of Tricon-Boston- C WPP has been studied in detail by performing load flow, short circuit and
IN VI POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL. PAGE 59 OF 62 dynamic analysis for the conditions prior to commissioning of TCN-C WPP and no bottlenecks or constraints have been found in the grid system. 4. Wind Farm of TCN-C has been modeled considering Type-3 WTGs. They are Doubly Fed Induction Generators which are designated as Type-3 WTG. The terminal voltage is 0.69 kV. The medium voltage level of wind farm has been selected as 22 kV for unit step-up transformers, for collector circuits and step-up from MV to I-IV (132 kV) at Farm substation to connect to the HESCO/NTDC Grid. 5. A conceptual design of scheme of 132/22 kV substation of Tricon-Boston-C Wind Farm has been laid down as follows iv. For 22 kV;
a. Two single bus-sections of 22 kV with a bus sectionalizer
b. Four breaker bays to connect four collector circuits from four collector groups of WTGs
c. Two breaker bays to connect two 132/22 kV transformers
d. Two breaker bays to connect two switched shunt capacitor banks of 2 x (4x2.5) MVAR, one in each bus section
e. Two breaker bays to connect two station auxiliary transformers 22/0.4 kV, 315 kVA
v. For 132 kV;
f. Single bus with Sectionalizer if Farm substation is GIS
g. Double bus bars with a Bus Coupler if Farm substation is AIS
h. Two breaker bays to connect two 132/22 kV transformers
i. The protection scheme would be designed in compliance of NTDC requirements sent by Chief Engineer Protection, vide letter No.3416- 19/CE/SP/MN/50MW CWE WPP Jhimpir dated 23/07/2010
j. The telecommunication scheme would be designed in compliance of NTDC requirements sent by Chief Engineer Telecommunication, vide letter No. CE (Tel)/NTDC/232/4372 dated 27/08/2010.
"1. POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 60 OF 62 vi. Other Equipment:
a. Two 132/22 kV, 40/50 MVA ONAN/ONAF OLTC transformers, 132+11 xl%/22 kV, to fulfill N-1 criteria of Grid Code
b. Two station auxiliary transformers of 22/0.4 kV, 315 kVA
c. Two switched shunt capacitor banks each of the size of 10 MVAR (4 x 2.5 MVAR) to provide 20 MVAR at 22 kV with contactors and PLC (Programmable Logic Controller).
d. Energy meters would be installed on HV side (132 kV) of the 132/22 kV transformers
6. Load flow analysis has been carried out for peak 2016-17 considering the COD targeted by Tricon Boston, for the dispersal of load from Tricon-Boston-C WPP into HESCO Grid at 132 kV level using the latest load forecast, generation and transmission expansion plans of NTDC and HESCO. The above mentioned interconnection scheme (item-1) has been evolved by performing the load flow studies testing the steady state performance for normal as well as N-1 contingency conditions fulfilling the Grid Code criteria of Wind Power Plants. The reactive power requirement at point of common coupling to meet PF of ± 0.95, voltage and line loading criteria are fulfilled by these studies. The grid facilities of HESCO are found adequate to absorb output power of TCN-C WPP.
7. Maximum and minimum short circuit levels for three-phase faults and single- phase faults have been evaluated for the year 2016-17, and it has been found that the proposed scheme provides maximum SC strength for the evacuation of TCN-C WPP power to the grid. The switchgear ratings for TCN-C WPP substation are as follows: 132 kV: Short circuit rating = 40 kA (3 sec.) Continuous rating = 2500 A 22 kV: Short circuit rating = 31.5 kA (3 sec.) Continuous rating = 2500 A
POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 61 01, 62 8. Transient Stability analysis has been carried out for TCN-C WPP based on their selection of Type-3 WTGs, with connectivity of proposed scheme. Different disturbances have been simulated to apply stresses from the system faults on the wind farm and vice versa and it was found that TCN-C WTG unit's dynamic characteristics and the grid connectivity is strong enough to maintain stability under all disturbances. In turn, any disturbance from TCN-C WPP side did not cause any stress on the main grid or the power plants in HESCO area viz. Kotri, Lakhra or Jamshoro such that the whole system remained stable under all
events. 9. The LVRT requirements have been tested to fulfill 100 ms (5 cycles) under normal clearing time and 180 ms (9 cycles) for contingency condition of delayed fault clearing due to stuck- breaker (breaker failure) reason. The simulations have proved that the proposed machine fulfills the LVRT criteria as required in the Grid Code for Wind IPPs. 10. The issues of power quality like flicker, unbalance and harmonic resonance have been studied in detail. The results have indicated that the levels of flicker and unbalance are within the permissible limits of IEC and other International Standards. 11. The study establishes that under the operating conditions discussed the proposed interconnection scheme of 50 MW of Tricon-Boston-C Wind Power Plant would be enough to evacuate the power of the WPP without any issues of state (load flow) or short circuit or dynamic performance (stability) or power quality issues related to this plant.
POWER PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL PAGE 62 OF 62