TLP Congo Etude Des Constitutions De La République Du Congo
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Le CONGO Est-Il Situationniste ?
Le CONGO est-il situationniste ? : 20 ans d'histoire politique de là classe dirigeante congolaise par Dominique DESJEUX A la fin du mois de janvier 1976, le Président du Congo, le commandant Marien Ngouabi, est au prise avec un mouvement de contestation de la C.S.C. (Confédération Syndicale Congolaise), le syndicat ouvrier unique du Congo. Je suis au Congo depuis trois mois. J'écoute à la radio la retransmission en directe de l'allocution du président Ngouabi. Soudain, je l'entends attaquer les situationnistes qui infiltrent l'administration congolaise. Le mouvement de Strasbourg, un des pères de mai 68 en France, aurait-il diffusé son esprit libertaire au Congo ? «Les situationnistes sont ceux qui cherchent des situations », conclut Marien Ngouabi. Il ne croyait pas si bien dire, puisqu'un an plus tard la « situation » de chef d'Etat sera vacante du fait de son assassinat dans des conditions non entièrement éclaircies encore aujourd'hui. Le tableau de la situation morale de l'administration, décrite par Etumba, le journal du parti unique, le P.C.T. (Parti Congolais du Travail) le 28 novembre 1975, éclaire le contenu du comportement des «situationnistes » : « Embourgeoisement à outrance, pratique du commerce, location de villas, ivresse chronique, paresse et absentéisme au travail ». La critique de la « bourgeoisie bureaucratique » est un des grands thèmes des années soixante-dix. Elle exprime ce que je développerai en conclusion la lutte pour le contrôle de la « tontine situationniste ». Tout au long de mes quatre ans au Congo, je découvre que la critique est d'autant plus forte qu'elle est faite par des « situationnistes ». -
Politiques Sociales Et Développement : Le Cas Du Congo-Brazzaville
Document disponible sur le site de l’Observatoire : http://www.uqo.ca/observer POLITIQUES SOCIALES ET DÉVELOPPEMENT : LE CAS DU CONGO-BRAZZAVILLE Appolinaire Attant Ngouari Sous la direction de Yves Vaillancourt NOTE SUR L'AUTEUR : Appolinaire Attant Ngouari est du Congo-Brazzaviile, il est Analyste et Consultant en politique sociale auprès du Groupe conseil M & N. NOTE SUR LE DIRECTEUR : Yves Vaillancourt est un politicologue spécialisé dans les politiques sociales. Il est professeur titulaire à l’École de travail social de l’UQAM. Depuis sa retraire en septembre 2006, il est professeur associé et demeure actif au plan de la recherche partenariale en lien avec le Laboratoire de recherche sur les pratiques politiques sociales (LAREPPS), l’ARUC-Économie sociale, le Centre de recherche sur les innovations sociales (CRISES). Il est engagé aussi dans le réseau Création de richesse en contexte de précarité (CRCP) et membre du Groupe d’économie solidaire du Québec (GESQ). PUBLICATION CONJOINTE DE LA CHAIRE DE RECHERCHE DU CANADA EN DÉVELOPPEMENT DES COLLECTIVITÉS (CRDC) ET DU LABORATOIRE DE RECHERCHE SUR LES PRATIQUES POLITIQUES SOCIALES (LAREPPS). SÉRIE : Thèses de doctorat, no. 2 ISBN : 978-2-89251-329-5 AOÛT 2007 ii REMERCIEMENTS Cette recherche n’aurait pas été possible sans le concours de plusieurs personnes. Je tiens tout d’abord à témoigner ma reconnaissance toute particulière à mon directeur Yves Vaillancourt, qui a été d’une grande aide à chaque étape de cette recherche. Il a su me guider avec vigilance et perspicacité. Sa confiance, son optimisme ont su calmer mes inquiétudes. Un grand merci également pour m’avoir accueilli comme assistant de recherche dans son équipe, au Laboratoire de recherche sur les pratiques et les politiques sociales LAREPPS, coordonnée par Lucie Dumais que je tiens également à remercier. -
Page 1 of 3 Minority Rights Group International : Congo : Congo Overview 7/21/2015
Minority Rights Group International : Congo : Congo Overview Page 1 of 3 Connect: World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples Home About us Contact us News Updates Directory › Africa › Congo › CONGO OVERVIEW { Environment { Peoples { History { Governance { Current state of minorities and indigenous peoples Environment Straddling the equator, the Republic of Congo (Congo-Brazzaville) borders the Democratic Republic of Congo (Congo-Kinshasa) in the south and east, the Central African Republic and Cameroon in the north, and Gabon in the west. In the south-west, the Congo borders the Cabinda exclave of Angola and the Atlantic Ocean. Congo is sparsely populated outside of southern urban centres; much of the north is swampland. Tropical climate and vegetation predominate, but the climate is drier and cooler towards the ocean. The Republic of Congo has offshore oil reserves. Peoples Main languages: Lingala, Koutouba or Kikongo, Téké, French (official) Main religions: indigenous beliefs, syncretic Christianity, Islam Minority groups include Bakongo 1.8 million (48%), Batéké 630,000 (17%), M’Boshi 445,000 (12%) and BaAka 7,000–15,000. [Note: Population percentages come from the 2006 CIA World Factbook, and are converted to numbers using the CIA estimate for total population of 3.7 million. For BaAka, Ethnologue estimates a population of 15,000 as of 1986] The largest ethnic cluster is Bakongo, constituting 48 per cent of the population. Traditionally cassava farmers and fishing people, Bakongo women in particular are noted (sometimes with animosity) for their enterprise in cash-cropping and especially in trade. They have stood out as assiduous organizers, especially in religion and politics. -
SENADO FEDERAL MENSAGEM Nº 26, De 2016 (Nº 89/2016, NA ORIGEM)
SENADO FEDERAL MENSAGEM Nº 26, de 2016 (Nº 89/2016, NA ORIGEM) Senhores Membros do Senado Federal, De conformidade com o art. 52, inciso IV, da Constituição, e com o art. 39, combinado com o art. 41 da Lei no 11.440, de 29 de dezembro de 2006, submeto à apreciação de Vossas Excelências a escolha, que desejo fazer, do Senhor RAUL DE TAUNAY, Ministro de Primeira Classe do Quadro Especial da Carreira de Diplomata do Ministério das Relações Exteriores, para exercer o cargo de Embaixador do Brasil na República do Congo e, cumulativamente, na República Centro-Africana. Os méritos do Senhor Raul de Taunay que me induziram a escolhê-lo para o desempenho dessa elevada função constam da anexa informação do Ministério das Relações Exteriores. Brasília, 21 de março de 2016. DILMA ROUSSEFF Presidente da República EM nº 00071/2016 MRE Brasília, 14 de Março de 2016 Excelentíssima Senhora Presidenta da República, De acordo com o artigo 84, inciso XXV, da Constituição Federal, e com o disposto no artigo 39, combinado com o artigo 41, da Lei nº 11.440, de 29 de dezembro de 2006, submeto à apreciação de Vossa Excelência o nome de RAUL DE TAUNAY, Ministro de Primeira Classe do Quadro Especial da Carreira de Diplomata do Ministério das Relações Exteriores, para exercer o cargo de Embaixador do Brasil na República do Congo e, cumulativamente, na República Centro- Africana. 2. Encaminho, anexos, informações sobre os países e curriculum vitae de RAUL DE TAUNAY para inclusão em Mensagem a ser apresentada ao Senado Federal para exame por parte de seus ilustres membros. -
Preserving Power After Empire: the Credibility Trap and France's
Preserving Power after Empire: The Credibility Trap and France’s Intervention in Chad, 1968-72 Marc R. DeVore Open Access Copy—Please Do Not Cite Forthcoming in War in History 1 Abstract France’s 1968-72 intervention in Chad constitutes a forgotten turning point in the Fifth Republic’s foreign relations. Inter-connected institutions and treaties gave France a disproportionate influence over its African ex-colonies. French security guarantees underscored this system, however, whereby francophone African leaders continued to accept French economic and political leadership. French leaders discovered in Chad, however, that they had fewer choices and needed to dedicate more resources to fulfilling these commitments than President Charles de Gaulle had intended. Prosperous ex-colonies’ leaders judged French commitments’ value according to how France responded to crises in its least valued ex- colonies. Thus, although French analysts viewed intervening in Chad as irrational from a cost/benefit perspective, they found themselves pressured into doing so by other African governments who let it be known that they would interpret failing to support Chadian President François Tombalbye as a sign that they too could not count on France. Entrapped by prior commitments, French policymakers developed a new approach to using force, which I term strategic satisficing, far different from traditional French counterinsurgency practices. The tightly-coupled application of force and diplomacy in pursuit of limited objectives enables France to intervene with the frequency needed to uphold its post-colonial order in Africa. Introduction France’s role in Africa sets it apart from other states of its size. France is arguably the most politically potent foreign actor in Sub-Saharan Africa even though it is today a medium- sized European state with an economy that only occasionally ranks amongst the world’s top half dozen. -
Royaute Des Loangos
Page 1 sur 54 ROYAUTE DES LOANGOS Be KULU vându,… Ba N’TU vându,… ; Mi N’SENG’ i fué,… ; Be N’TUMIE,…. 2018 ANNEE DES COMMEMORATIONS : I- DU DIXIEME ANNIVERSAIRE DE L’AVENEMENT DE SA MAJESTE MOE MAKOSSO IV II- DU QUATRE-VINGTIEME ANNIVERSAIRE DE LA CONSTITUTION DES TRIBUS BAVILI ET BAYOMBE III- DU CENTENAIRE DU RECRUTEMENT, A LOANGO, DES TIRAILLEURS DU REGIMENT FORMANT LE CONTINGENT DU GABON AFFECTE EN APPUI AUX TROUPES FRANçAISES PENDANT LA PREMIERE GUERRE MONDIALE. Avant d’exposer l’objet de cette communication, il sied de rappeler les fondements de la royauté des Loangos et de son existence effective. Sous l’empire de la constitution du 24 juin 1973 au Congo-Brazzaville, les Pouvoirs populaires et le parti unique ont malencontreusement mis en veilleuse la royauté des Loangos… Rappelons donc ici quelques repères historiques du dit royaume dans une approche mémorielle, donc dynamique, et non organisationnelle. L’Histoire du royaume de Loango n’est donc pas telle qu’on l’enseigne dans les écoles du Congo- Brazza et du Gabon. Découvrons en les points de divergence et/ou de convergence. Cette Mémoire est chronologiquement déclinée ici en cinq étapes évolutives dont voici, brièvement, quelques repères. 1ère ETAPE : (du XVe au XVIIe siècle) Elle va de sa fondation, vers la fin du Moyen-Age, jusqu’à 1664. Page 2 sur 54 a/ Fondé par une bande de Loangos venue de la vallée du fleuve OMO en ABYSSINIE d’où ils sont partis avant le IVe siècle de notre ère après s’être judaïsés, ces Loangos marquèrent une halte dans le Royaume Louba. -
Mr. A. K, Mr. A. K, NATIONALIST ORGANIZATIONS and LEADERS in ANGOLA
Mr. A. K, Mr. A. K, NATIONALIST ORGANIZATIONS AND LEADERS IN ANGOLA: STATUS OF THE REVOLT by GEORGE M. HOUSER "SOUTHERN AFRICA IN TRANSITION" FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFEECE April Ui - 13, 1963 Howard University, Washington, D.C. Sponsored by THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF AFRICAN CULTURE 15 East 40th Street New York 16, N. Y. TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION ... o.. ............*....... 1 II. ANGOLAN NATIONALIST ORGANIZATIONS ................. 3 A. MOUVEMENT DE DEFENSE DES INTERETS ANGOLAIS ........... 4 B. NTOBAKO . ........................... 6 C. NGWIZAKO-NGWIZANI A KONGO ............. ................... 7 D. PARTI DEMOCRATE DE LANGOLA ........... .................. 8 E. MOUVEMENT POPULAIRE DE LIBERATION DE LANGOLA ................. 9 1. The Birth and Growth of the Movement...................... 9 2. International Involvements ..... ................. ...13 F. UNION DES POPULATIONS DE L'ANGOLA .... ............... .14 1. Growth and Development ...... ................... .i.14 2. International Involvement ..... ................. ...17 3. Some Charges Against the UPA........ ........ 19 4. Roberto Sketch .............................. ..... 20 G. PROBLEMS OF UNITY ....................... 20 III. THE STATUS OF THE REVOLT . ..................... 24 Il INTROMUCTION Portugal, James Duffy has pointed out, was the first European power to carve a domain in Africa, and will probably be the last to abandon it. Her record as a colonizer, tretching over four centuries, is not a happy one, particular3y-as far as Angola is concoerned. But it is not the task -
Vol. 17: Republic of the Congo Sub-Saharan Report
Marubeni Research Institute 2016/09/02 Sub -Saharan Report Sub-Saharan Africa is one of the focal regions of Global Challenge 2015. These reports are by Mr. Kenshi Tsunemine, an expatriate employee working in Johannesburg with a view across the region. Vol. 17: Republic of the Congo December 15, 2015 I think most of you have heard something related to the acronym SAPE. This acronym is derived from the French expression, ”société des ambianceurs et des personnes élégantes”, or “the society of fashionable (ambience-makers) and elegant gentlemen” in English. In the Republic of the Congo it refers to the phenomenon of dressing in highly fashionable and luxury brand attire despite living in a country where the average income should not allow for the purchase of such high brand items, and has come to be known as the “Congo fashion style” (note 1). Picture 1: Making a film introducing SAPE photo Wikipedia So this time, it is the Republic of the Congo (Congo), a country that has gained attention for its fashionably dressed gentlemen (dandies) that I would like to introduce to you. Table 1: Congo Country Information The Republic of the Congo is located in the central part of the African continent with the Democratic Republic of the Congo on its southern and eastern borders, Cameroon in the north and Gabon bordering it in the west (note 2).To distinguish the Republic of the Congo from the neighboring Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Republic of the Congo is often referred to as Congo-Brazzaville, while the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) is called by its former name of “Zaire”. -
Africa: National Secvrity Files, 1961-1963
THE JOHN F. KENNEDY NATIONAL SECURITY FILES AFRICA: NATIONAL SECVRITY FILES, 1961-1963 UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS Of AMERICA A Guide to the Microfilm Edition of The John F. Kennedy National Security Files General Editor: George C. Herring AFRICA National Security Files. 1961-1963 Microfilmed from the holdings of The John F. Kennedy Library, Boston, Massachusetts Project Coordinator Robert E. Lester Guide compiled by Blair Hydrick A microfilm project of UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS OF AMERICA An Imprint of CIS 4520 East-West Highway • Bethesda, MD 20814-3389 Library of Congress Cataloglng-in-Publlcation Data The John F. Kennedy national security files. Africa [microform]. "Microfilmed from the holdings of the John F. Kennedy Library, Boston, Massachusetts; project coordinator, Robert E. Lester." Accompanied by printed reel guide compiled by Blair D. Hydrick. Includes index. 1. Africa-National security-Sources. 2. United States-National security-Sources. I. Lester, Robert. II. Hydrick, Blair. III. John F. Kennedy Library. IV. University Publications of America. [UA855] 355'.03306 88-119 ISBN 1 -55655-001 -4 (microfilm) CIP ISBN 1-55655-003-0 (guide) Copyright® 1993 by University Publications of America. All rights reserved. ISBN 1-55655-003-0. TABLE OF CONTENTS General Introduction•The John F. Kennedy National Security Files: "Country Files," 1961-1963 v Introduction•The John F. Kennedy National Security Files: Africa, 1961-1963 ¡x Scope and Content Note xi Source Note xii Editorial Note xii Security Classifications xiii Key to Names xv Abbreviations List xxix Reel Index Reel 1 Africa 1 Reel 2 Africa cont 15 Algeria 25 Reel 3 Angola 33 Chad.. ; 41 Congo•General 43 Reel 4 Congo•General cont 50 Reel 5 Congo•General cont 73 Congo•Cables 84 Reel 6 Congo•Cables cont , 98 m Reel 7 Congo•Cables cont :..: 129 Dahomey 146 Ghana 151 ReelS Ghana cont 155 Reel 9 Ghana cont 184 Guinea '194 Reel 10 Guinea cont 208 Ivory Coast 214 Libya 221 Mali 221 Morocco.. -
1 the Congo Crisis, 1960-1961
The Congo Crisis, 1960-1961: A Critical Oral History Conference Organized by: The Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars’ Cold War International History Project and Africa Program Sponsored by: The Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars September 23-24, 2004 Opening of Conference – September 23, 2004 CHRISTIAN OSTERMANN: Ladies and gentlemen I think we’ll get started even though we’re still expecting a few colleagues who haven’t arrived yet, but I think we should get started because we have quite an agenda for this meeting. Welcome all of you to the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars; my name is Christian Ostermann. I direct one of the programs here at the Woodrow Wilson Center, the Cold War International History Project. The Center is the United States’ official memorial to President Woodrow Wilson and it celebrates, commemorates Woodrow Wilson through a living memorial, that is, we bring scholars from around the world, about 150 each year to the Wilson center to do research and to write. In addition to hosting fellowship programs, the Center hosts 450 meetings each year on a broad array of topics related to international affairs. One of these meetings is taking place today, and it is a very special meeting, as I will explain in a few moments. This meeting is co-sponsored by the Center’s Cold War International History project and 1 the Center’s Africa Program, directed by former Congressman Howard Wolpe. He’s in Burundi as we speak here, but some of his staff will be joining us during the course of the day. -
Virginia Mclean Thompson and Richard Adloff Papers
http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt596nf1qb No online items Inventory of the Virginia McLean Thompson and Richard Adloff papers Finding aid prepared by Hoover Institution Archives Staff Hoover Institution Archives 434 Galvez Mall Stanford University Stanford, CA, 94305-6003 (650) 723-3563 [email protected] © 2009 Inventory of the Virginia McLean XX171 1 Thompson and Richard Adloff papers Title: Virginia McLean Thompson and Richard Adloff papers Date (inclusive): 1931-1986 Collection Number: XX171 Contributing Institution: Hoover Institution Archives Language of Material: English and French Physical Description: 27 manuscript boxes, 1 oversized box, 2 envelopes(10.6 linear feet) Abstract: Drafts of books, other writings, research notes, letters, newsletters, clippings, other printed matter, and photographs relating to political, social and economic conditions in various African countries, including the Congo (Brazzaville), Madagascar, Zaire and other French-speaking countries; and in Indochina, Thailand and Burma. Includes joint writings of Virginia Thompson and Richard Adloff. Physical Location: Hoover Institution Archives Creator: Thompson, Virginia McLean, 1903- Access The collection is open for research; materials must be requested at least two business days in advance of intended use. Publication Rights For copyright status, please contact the Hoover Institution Archives. Preferred Citation [Identification of item], Virginia McLean Thompson and Richard Adloff papers, [Box no., Folder no. or title], Hoover Institution Archives. Acquisition Information Acquired by the Hoover Institution Archives. Accruals Materials may have been added to the collection since this finding aid was prepared. To determine if this has occurred, find the collection in Stanford University's online catalog at http://searchworks.stanford.edu/ . Materials have been added to the collection if the number of boxes listed in the catalog is larger than the number of boxes listed in this finding aid. -
Case of Congo Brazzaville from 1992 to 2015
International Journal of Humanities Social Sciences and Education (IJHSSE) Volume 6, Issue 10, October 2019, PP 38-45 ISSN 2349-0373 (Print) & ISSN 2349-0381 (Online) http://dx.doi.org/10.20431/2349-0381.0610004 www.arcjournals.org Ethnic Factor of Unity or Political Division in Africa: Case of Congo Brazzaville from 1992 to 2015 Nzoussi Hilaire Kevin*, Oba Dominique, Sah Zéphirin Marien Ngouabi University, Teacher Training College, Brazzaville, Congo *Corresponding Author: Nzoussi Hilaire Kevin, Marien Ngouabi University, Teacher Training College, Brazzaville, Congo Abstract: The ethnic group is defined as a more or less wide group of men and women essentially characterized by linguistic and cultural traits (the language and the culture), and a strong sense of belonging to this community. The population of Congo is made up of several ethnic groups since the act generally Berlin which has contributed to the disappearance of kingdoms and chiefdoms. On the political terrain these different ethnic groups are tempted to fight for the management and control of political power. At their independence, the black African states in general and the Congo in particular in order to have an organization policy worthy of the name has calqued on the European model form of organization, thus the Congo established several institutions likely so that contribute to the good running of the country in which the army plays a role not negligible in the maintenance of peace and public order. The present e study aims to show the role of ethnicity as a factor of unity or political division in Africa based on the specific case of Congo from 1992 to 2015.