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Thames Vision

Consultation on goals and priority actions December 2015

2035 port of authority: thames vision 2035

Contents 1. Developing the Vision for the Thames 1. Developing the Vision for Introduction the Thames page 1

2. Thames Vision 2035: emerging goals and priority actions page 6

Summary of emerging goals and priority actions page 7

2.1 – More trade, more jobs page 8

2.2 Inland freight – More goods off roads onto the river The Thames Vision is the first project of its kind: a 20-year framework page 12 for the busiest tidal river in the UK, running 95 miles through London 2.3 Passenger transport – to the North Sea. A river that is as iconic as the global city it runs More journeys through. The Vision has been developed by the Port of London page 15 Authority (PLA), and is a product of considerable participation from a wide cross-section of Thames stakeholders, including the public (see 2.4 Sport and recreation – More Annex). We are very grateful for their continuing input. participants page 17 The Vision is that the Thames plays an increasing part in the sustainable development of this growing world city, the counties of 2.5 Environment and heritage – Essex and Kent and the wider UK. London is recognised as one of Improved tidal Thames the two top cities globally (with New )1, strongly linked to its environment quality of life. The Thames is the reason London came into being page 19 where it is, and the river continues to be at the centre of the capital’s 2.6 Community and culture – life, economy and imagination. More people coming to The Vision considers all Thames uses together: trade, travel, leisure enjoy the Thames and its and pleasure. It sets growing river use in its context as a great natural banks asset, which must be conserved and improved – in terms of its water page 22 quality, wildlife and attractiveness as open space.

3. Next steps This consultation document is an important milestone in the Vision’s page 25 development. It sets out what we have learnt so far, the scope for growth in all types of river use and a proposed set of goals and Annex: organisations who contributed to the Vision actions to deliver it. Its purpose is to stimulate discussion as we page 26 develop the Thames Vision for consultation in Spring 2016.

References page 28

page 1 : thames vision 2035 port of london authority: thames vision 2035

Context A third context is climate change; in particular flood risk through London and the Thames The Thames Vision comes at a time of London Estuary. Environment Agency data shows that growing ever bigger. The capital is expected to sea level rise is tracking below the low trajectory grow, on current projections, from today’s 8.6 in the Thames Estuary 2100 work on flood risk million to 10 million people by 2035, and to 11 management. Consequently a decision will not million people by 2050. The Mayor’s ‘City in the need to be taken on any East’ 2 has set out how that demand could be replacement before 2035. The existing Thames met. It envisions that the majority of the 200,000 Barrier will continue to provide protection from homes to be delivered will lie along the River flooding and rainfall in the non-tidal Thames Thames, from to the catchment for London throughout the period of and Peninsula. These opportunities this Vision. for such significant new housing, as well as commercial space, infrastructure and other Fourth, and an underlying assumption public meetings – in , the Southbank and creation of a Vision for the Thames, recognising development, frame how the Thames and its throughout this Vision document, is that growing Orsett in Essex – held in May and June, the multiple uses of the river. This is depicted in banks will develop over the next two decades. river use has to be achieved with at least current attracted over 200 participants. A summary of the ‘word cloud’ below in the language used in Accordingly, it is essential that the Thames high levels of safety. The PLA, Maritime and the responses is published at Have Your Say, 2015 in reply to the question responds to the needs of growing London and Coastguard Agency (MCA), RNLI and Police www.pla.co.uk/About-Us/The-Thames- “What do you value most about the tidal River the wider South East. The growing city will need work together to provide services to maintain Vision/Evidence-Base. Thames?”: increasing volumes of goods and waste and improve river safety. These include working The responses overwhelmingly welcomed the transported. with operators to raise safety issues, providing improved safety guidance, promoting continuous Word cloud: Most used words in response to the question: “What do you value most about the Thames?” A second significant context for the Thames improvement in vessel standards and Vision is the Thames Tunnel project. encouraging improved reporting of incidents to This is the biggest single investment in water the PLA and MCA, including ‘near miss’ and sewerage infrastructure in London since reporting. Interpretation of this data has already Bazalgette’s Victorian scheme created the assisted in identifying new safety initiatives, London embankments in the nineteenth century. including improving the collective response to Like the Victorian scheme, the £4 billion Thames river incidents. There has been a significant Tideway Tunnel will have a transformative effect decrease in serious or very serious incidents 3 on on the cleanliness of the river. With the tunnel in the tidal Thames in recent years. operation, the Thames will be the cleanest it has been since the Industrial Revolution. At the same The process so far time, the river will provide the artery for The Thames Vision is led by the PLA, based on a transporting up to eight million tonnes of spoil collaborative approach, for a shared Vision for and material for this project. This is a very the Thames. The project was launched on 25 visible demonstration of the strategic importance March 2015, when of the tidal Thames in the public and users supporting of the infrastructure. Part of were invited to ‘Have the development of the Your Say’ on its Vision has focussed on future. There were the new opportunities 226 responses to the that this could create in initial ‘call for the 2020s and 2030s. evidence’, nearly half In short, how can we of which were from get the most benefit the public. Three from a cleaner river?

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Thames Vision Opportunity Map to 2035 (a large version of this map is at the back of this publication)

The most recurrent themes in the responses • Environment and heritage; and value of maritime and port operations on the London to 2035. A summary of the report, were: the protection or improvement of the • Culture and community Thames. including the assumptions used, is on the natural environment; more commercial activities • River Thames public amenity, carried out by Vision section of the website: because of Over 75 organisations were involved, exploring on the river; improved water quality; increased Oxford Economics, 2015: this estimates the commercial confidentiality, the full report is not the potential for, and barriers to growth, and the leisure and recreational opportunities; and river amenity value of the tidal Thames, considering being published. priorities for achieving that growth in the next access. Overall, the most compelling single tourism benefits, sport and health implications Next steps in the process 20 years. message was that people wanted to see more and the value of living near the River Thames. This consultation is the next phase of the use of the river. Alongside this engagement, the PLA • River capacity in , carried out by Thames Vision Project. We are seeking your Following the initial ‘call for evidence’, we held commissioned four external studies (in one Marico Marine, 2015: this identifies how views on the emerging goals and priority actions, roundtable discussions in September and case in partnership with ) capacity in central London could be optimised as we develop the Thames Vision for October covering the breadth of current uses to provide a strong evidence base for the to support the growth of vessel traffic. consultation in Spring 2016. The actions are for a for the Thames: Thames Vision. The executive summary will be published in range of stakeholders: some are for the PLA; • Port and infrastructure; The studies, copies of which are being made early 2016. many are for other organisations to lead or • Inland freight; available on the Vision section of the PLA • Forecast growth in port trade, carried out by participate in delivering over the next two • Passenger transport; website, were on: Stamford, 2015: a combination of econometric decades. We thank everyone who has • Sport and recreation; contributed so far. • River Thames economic prosperity, carried out and market intelligence was used to derive • Houseboats; by SQW, 2015: this estimates the economic forecasts for cargo handled in the Port of

Comments among the Have Your Say responses included: “The upper river is the “It is the commercial river, “A route through the “The fact that it functions both as an internally “The Thames is the jewel in London’s crown. leisure river with pleasure exporting and importing goods heart of the City with all important commercial waterway, and an For centuries, the historic gateway between craft and rowing, lovely for 9 million people in London passenger boats and internationally important place for wildlife. Britain and the world, and the setting for walks along the banks.” and 25 million people in the smaller commercial With wise stewardship, these functions are national celebrations from Tudor ice fairs to South East.” craft. And in my entirely compatible. A habitat for wildlife, the 2012 Torch relay. It continues to have opinion, the best way to both within the water and on the river banks. enormous potential to contribute to the health view the City.” A place where people can relax and enjoy a and wellbeing of its users, the city, its connection to the environment”. inhabitants and visitors”.

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2. Thames Vision 2035: emerging numbers of vessels at some peak times in the Summary of emerging goals and priority actions goals and priority actions Summer. Increasing river traffic in these areas is possible, but requires effective leadership from What is emerging is huge potential for all types the PLA, with input from stakeholders. In some Thames Vision 2035: of river use to grow further over the next 20 cases this means looking at ways to improve the Planning for the Thames’ future: making the most of its potential for the benefit of all years, in a safe and sustainable way. By 2035 efficiency of how the river is used. We also have Port of London: More trade, more we can see greater use of the Thames in all to recognise that some river uses are simply not - Sustained private sector investment aspects: from port trade to passenger transport, jobs - Continued improvements to the main navigation channels compatible in the same stretch of water at the The busiest ever Port of London, - Lower Thames crossing downstream of Tilbury, by 2025 sport and recreation to cultural enjoyment. same time. handling 60 – 80 million tonnes of - Widening of A13, by the end of 2018 cargo each year, on the doorstep of Achieving this will require long-term thinking and - Electrification of the Barking to Gospel Oak line, by Summer 2017 Alongside developing goals, we have also Europe’s biggest metropolitan - At least three Thames crossings east of , that allow strong partnerships across public, private and looked at where these goals can best be realised consumer market continuation of river trade; the first by 2022 voluntary sectors. The more that river and wider on the length of the tidal river from Teddington to - Closure of level crossings affecting operational terminals, by 2020 stakeholders unite behind common goals, the the North Sea. The new ‘opportunity map’ (see more likely we are to realise our collective Inland freight: More goods off - Establish the Thames as the default choice for transport of waste large fold out map held in back cover) for the and construction materials; and increasingly containerised goods ambitions for the Thames. roads onto the river tidal Thames summarises current and potential More goods and materials moved - Protect and reactivate safeguarded wharves with at least Peruvian, The emerging goals are: river uses and infrastructure. These new between wharves on the river – every Orchard and Hurlingham wharves brought into operation over the opportunity zones, for example for more water year sustaining the record level of 5.5 next decade • The busiest ever Port of London, handling 60 – million tonnes carried by water in 2014 - Work with Transport for London and the Authority sports and new residential moorings, set out – taking 550,000 lorry trips off the to extend the River Concordat to promote freight movements by 80 million tonnes of cargo each year, on the clearly where we think the best areas are for region’s roads water doorstep of Europe’s biggest metropolitan growth, taking account of other uses of the river. - Establish a Thames Skills Academy by Autumn 2016, to provide a consumer market The zones should encourage investment and sustainable model for skills development on the Thames • More goods and materials moved between interest in new river activity. Passenger transport: More - Make more efficient use of piers and river space, including new wharves on the river – every year sustaining timetabling to manage peaks in traffic We set out in more detail over the next pages the journeys the record level of 5.5 million tonnes carried by Double the number of people - Encourage more use at current low peak times nature of the goals, and the priority actions to water in 2014 – taking 550,000 lorry trips off travelling by river – reaching 20 million - Long-term pier strategy, going beyond the existing River Action deliver them. We also set out how working Plan: new piers at Thamesmead, Erith, Greenhithe, Swanscombe, the region’s roads commuter and tourist trips every year together over the next two decades we can turn Grays and Tilbury by 2025 • Double the number of people travelling by river Vision into reality. – reaching 20 million commuter and tourist Sport and recreation: More - Sport opportunity zones from Bridge to Richmond, Putney Bridge to Chelsea, and east of Greenwich trips every year participants Greater participation in sport and - Establish and work towards a target for sport participation on the • Greater participation in sport and recreation on recreation on the water Thames the water - More visitor moorings in appropriate locations on a busier river • The cleanest Thames since the Industrial Revolution, with improved habitats in the water Environment and heritage: - Tideway to build and bring into operation the Thames Tideway and on adjoining land Improved tidal Thames environment Tunnel by 2023 The cleanest Thames since the - Water quality improves to ‘good’ • A riverside which is a magnet for ramblers, Industrial Revolution, with improved - Joined-up Thames Path running from Teddington to the sea historians, artists and others, whether living habitats in the water and on - Improve biodiversity of nature reserves: wherever practicable, all nearby, on the river or travelling from further adjoining land Sites of Special Scientific Interest along the river brought into ‘favourable’ condition afield These goals apply to the whole length of the Community and culture: More - New residential moorings in appropriate locations on a busier river river. At the same time, we have to be realistic people coming to enjoy the Thames - Ensure that houseboats are moored appropriately and find and its banks innovative solutions to reduce the impact of wash and recognise that growth in every aspect of A riverside which is a magnet for - Explore development of a Thames brand for culture, heritage and river use is not always possible at the same time ramblers, historians, artists and quality of life, including support for Totally Thames in the same place. Our experience and research others,whether living nearby, on the shows that some parts of the river in central river or travelling from further afield London are already at capacity in terms of

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port of london port of london

2.1 Port of London – More trade, • the new London Gateway, a specialised Forecast demand for three scenarios (high, central and low). The more jobs container handling facility assumptions behind these forecasts are The Port of London is on the doorstep of • several oil storage terminals, including Vopak published on the PLA’s website 7. Today, 2015 Europe’s biggest metropolitan consumer market, • the Port of London is, by far, the most with consumer spending in Greater London Stamford Research Group forecasts that total The River Thames is home to the second biggest important port – serving the most important forecast to grow from £129 billion in 2014 to inter-port trade will increase to between 56 and port in the UK, on the doorstep of London and market – in the UK. Research by London £199 billion in 2035. London alone accounts for 93 million tonnes in 2035, depending upon low the South East, the biggest markets in the UK. Aggregates Working Party (LAWP) notes that approximately 22.6% of UK G VA, and as part of or hig h assumptions (see graph below). For With 96% of UK imports/exports by volume over half of all the aggregates sold in London the wider South East that figure increases to comparison, the largest tonnage ever in the Port coming in or leaving by sea, it is an essential part had been handled at a wharf on the River 38% 6. The Port of London is strategically of London was 61.6 million tonnes in 1964. 4 of the UK’s infrastructure . Thames. Numerous aggregates terminals are placed to best serve this already huge and pivotal to the local construction industry, Vision, 2035 There are over 70 independently run terminals growing market. including Cemex, Tarmac and Brett We are setting the goal: the 20-year Vision can and wharves along the tidal Thames from The PL A commissioned Stamford Research Aggregates, as well as to more local see the busiest ever Port of London, handling to the sea. The port handled 44.5 Group to undertake forecasts of trade until 2035. businesses, such as J Clubb. 60 – 80 million tonnes of cargo each year, on million tonnes of goods and materials in 2014 The forecasts are a combination of: • specialist terminals, including: the doorstep of Europe’s biggest and provided employment for 43,000 people, of (i) econometric forecasts (from estimates of ˼ Europe’s largest cane sugar refinery, metropolitan consumer market. whom 27,000 were directly employed in port future traffic and economic activity in the UK, & Lyle at Silvertown, which imports operations. A further 16,000 jobs were in the based on the relationship between traffic and What is needed to achieve this goal in a safe raw sugar which they process into 30- supply chains that support the port and other economic activity) and (ii) market intelligence and sustainable way? This consultation is 40% of UK’s refined sugar indirect impacts. In total, the overall Gross Value (from market research interviewing the port proposing the following priority actions: Added of the Port of London in 2015 was £4 ˼ Ford who import around 300,000 terminals). This market research was applied • Sustained private sector investment. 5 billion . vehicles and export 700,000 diesel and forecasts were produced for all types of Growth will be driven primarily by the private engines each year, manufactured at the The port comprises a wide range of terminals, cargo handled in the Port of London, including sector and, as shown in our research, £2.5 centre of all of Ford UK logistics at including: intra-port traffic. billion of port investment is already happening or planned over the next five years alone. • the multi-purpose Port of Tilbury handling Forecasts for unitised trade, petroleum, Sustaining these levels of investment requires containerised, roll-on/roll-off and bulk aggregates/cement, other cargoes, total intra- a business-friendly framework of public policy commodities port and inter-port traffic are shown on page 11, and for the PLA, as statutory harbour authority,

Forecast total Port of London trade to 2035 8

Port of London Total Inter-port Cargo Forecast 100 92.7 90 82.7 80 75.8 79.0 64.6 72.7 s 70

e 67.7 n

n 60 59.9 55.9 o 53.1 T

50 51.3 n 49.3 o

i 40 l

l 44.5 High i 30 M Central 20 Low 10 0 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

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port of london port of london

to support a commercially attractive port. As location s hav e b e en pro p osed including • Closure of level crossings affecting part of the development of this Vision, a ‘Port & Gallions Reach and Halfway Reach operational terminals, by 2020. Providing

Infrastructure’ group met, comprising some of (Belvede re/Da ge n ham). F rom the port’s more freight paths to port facilities. This will be

the major terminal operators and key public persp ective, the r e is a pres sing need for better 24-hour free access, thus avoiding the bodies. We plan to make this group into a river crossing infrastructure to enable transport attendant delays associated with railway level

regular forum, to focus on influencing public of frei g ht, and im p rove conn ectivity. These crossings, which will be very beneficial for

spending decisions on major infrastructure need to be sited and designed so that they cargo handling facilities.

projects and, more generally, making the port allo w the full range of river uses to continue,

as commercially attractive as it can be. especially the passage of large sea-going Do yo u think these are the right goals

• Continued improvements to the main vessels. In this way we will enable both growth and priority actions for the next 20 navigational channels. The wider Thames in por t tra de a s we ll as growth in the transport years? Are there others you would like to of goods and people on the river. Estuary contains the main approach channels 2 see included instead? that provide access to the River Thames and ˼ creating new routes linking A13 and A2 ˼ the new logistics parks at London the commercial port. This area is a very dynamic natural environment where sand Gateway and the Port of Tilbury Port of L ondon trade forecasts to 2035

banks and shoals are constantly moving, ˼ freight traffic demands a long-term view Po rt of Lond on Uni tised For ecast

6 0

56.1 dissolving and reforming. The PLA is • Widening of A13, by the end of 2018. 20 Port of London Petroleum Forecast 50 48.0 48.3 18 responsible for the conservancy of the tidal 42.2 42.5 16 Increasing the capacity of the A13, especially 13.6 13.9 14.1 s

e 40 14 13.3 Thames, which includes maintaining safe and n

n 10.7 at, and adjacent to, the M25 interchanges and 32.7 37.3 o 12 12.9 10.7 T 12.1 28.9 11.9 11.4 open access to the port, through ensuring n 30 29.7 25.8 10 12.1 o 11.4 i 23.6 Dartford Crossings, will reduce congestion and l M l 8 i 21.4 High i l M

16.9 l

20 2 High navigational channels are clear and deep i 6 potential for knock-on effects. The current o Central Central n Low 4 Low T enough to meet the future commercial needs 10 o arrangement is unsustainable, since incidents n 2 n

e 0 s of the port. We will ensure that we respond to quickly have consequences and introduce 0 2 5 4 3 2 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 changing market demands on both capital and 5 inward and outward delays for cargo handling N.B. Central and low forecasts are the same Includes containers. ro/ro & import/export of vehicles maintenance dredging, whilst maintaining the facilities in the port. All port facilities in the highest standards of environmental protection. area would benefit from such an improvement Lower Thames crossing downstream of Port of London Aggregates/Cement Forecast Port of London Other Cargoes Forecast • in the local road infrastructure and its links to 10 9.4 8.5 9 7.6

s 7.8 Tilbury, by 2025. There is a pressing case for the motorway network. 13.1 s 6.8 e 14 e 8 7.1

n 12.3 11.8 12.2 n n 6.8 n 7

o 12 o 6.1

a new lower Thames crossing. The consensus T T

• Electrification of the Barking to Gospel 12.4

n 11.7 6 6.4 5.0 10 11.5 n

o 11.3

o 5.1 5.0 i 10.9 10.9 i l

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view from port operators is that the most Oak line, by Summer 2017. Electrification 8 9.9 i 5.1 M M 4 6 High High strategic option is downstream from Tilbury. Central 3 and gauge enhancement scheme between 4 Central Low 2 Low The reasons for this are: 2 Thames Haven/Tilbury Docks and the Midland 0 0 5 4 3 2 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 5 4 3 2 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 ˼ 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 reducing pressure on M25 and the 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Main Line via Barking and Gospel Oak is 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

existing Dartford Crossings positive. • At least three further Thames crossings east

of Tower Bridge, that allow continuation of Port of London Intra-port Traffic Forecast 7 6.2 5.9 river trade; the first by 2022. Many assume s 6 e 5.7

n 5.5 5 .0 5.4

n 5.2

that crossings are exclusively bridges; but o 5

T 4.2 3.9 n 3.7

o 4 i

other types of crossings – tunnels and ferries – l l

i 3.6

M 3 need to be considered too. The first proposed High 2 Central

Low new crossing is the Silvertown Tunnel. This 1 0 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 has potential to bring much needed relief to the 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 congested Blackwall Tunnel which was last 2

expanded in 1967. It will bring significant 2 economic benefits to both sides of the river. • For the second and third crossings, various

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inland freight inland freight

2.2 Inland freight – More goods off household refuse and vegetable oils are made by Forecast demand potentially include consolidation for roads onto the river river to numerous terminals. Efficient handling of construction, supermarkets and home deliveries. With strong demand for new development and building materials and spoil is essential for both the resultant pressure on land in London, it is Vision, 2035 Today, 2015 large construction projects and general building more important than ever to bring into use the in the region now and to meet the forecast We are setting the goal: the 20-year Vision can The River Thames is a critical piece of the remaining wharves. These will serve the needs construction demand in the future. see more goods and materials moved capital’s transport infrastructure, as it is for Kent of the construction and other sectors, and between wharves on the river – every year and Essex. It is by far the UK’s busiest inland The construction projects – and provide new opportunities to transport a wider sustaining the record level of 5.5 million waterway, and volumes moved have increased Thames Water’s Lea Tunnel – have shown what range of goods by river. Respondents to our tonnes carried by water in 2014 – taking to the record level of 5.5 million tonnes carried is possible in terms of moving out tunnelling ‘call for evidence’ believe there is potential to 550,000 lorry trips off the region’s roads. by river in 2014 as a series of strategic projects spoil and bringing in construction material by transport more and a greater range of these moved ahead. river. The recently started excavation works for materials and new goods by river over the next What is needed to achieve this goal in a safe There is a strong strategic case for using the the Northern Line extension at Battersea will use 20 years. and sustainable way? This consultation is the Thames to transport 600,000 tonnes of proposing the following priority actions: tidal river for transport of freight. For every 1,000 As London grows to the east, there is potential tonne barge on the river, there are 100 fewer waste to Tilbury in Essex. This will remove over to transport more household and containerised • Establish the Thames as the default choice lorry movements required on the roads. This 40,000 lorry journeys and prevent 2,000 tonnes goods by river too. This would reduce for transport of waste and construction delivers a number of wider benefits. First, it of carbon emissions. congestion, cut carbon emissions and improve materials; and increasingly containerised reduces congestion on the roads with benefits In order to maintain inland freight traffic, it is road safety, especially for cyclists. With the goods. The challenges are to make the most for road safety, particularly for cyclists and essential that wharves are available throughout large concentration of container ports’ capacity of the potential of the river, for example by pedestrians, which is a key priority in the London the capital to get goods and material on and off of about four million TEUs (twenty foot raising awareness and sharing best practice; Plan. Second, it’s the most environmentally the river and to maximise the benefit of the equivalent unit) at Tilbury and London Gateway incorporating water transport into riparian sustainable option. Transport by barge is river’s east to west link. Between 1987 and and the growth of logistic parks and Regional boroughs’ transport plans and wider planning estimated to produce about one third of the 1994, over 20 operational wharves were Distribution Centres (RDCs) on the banks of the policies; encouraging waste contracts to use greenhouse gas emissions compared to the redeveloped with a resultant and permanent loss Thames, it makes sense to look at the potential the river; and encouraging trials of new equivalent journey by lorry 9. Third, as numerous in cargo handling capacity. Since 1997 wharves for transporting more of the goods that have services to existing wharves, for example in projects have shown, river transport can be the in the capital have been safeguarded (i.e. come in by sea, along the river for the largest West London. most economic option. protected) under planning legislation and policy. consumer market in the UK. Within the 20 year Movement of construction materials, spoil, time period we are considering, this could

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• Protect and reactivate safeguarded wharves 2.3 Passenger transport – More with at least Peruvian, Orchard and journeys Hurlingham wharves brought into operation over the next decade. Having exit and entry Today, 2015 points to the river is fundamental for freight and cargo transported by river. Strategically- The River Thames is an iconic piece of the placed operational wharves are needed to link capital’s passenger transport infrastructure. The with road and rail communications. Thames adds much needed transport capacity, Continuation of London’s safeguarded particularly in locations ill-served by other public wharves policy – which protects 50 wharves transport. Boat trips are an attractive part of the along the tidal Thames for the transport of tourist offer and services provide access to the 10 goods and materials – is vital. Equally so, 35 Thames riverside attractions . These are reactivating safeguarded wharves that are increasingly important with the limited coach lying dormant, with developers sitting tight, parking available in central London. hoping that they can be turned instead into In 2014 there were 9.8 million passenger riverside housing developments contrary to journeys on the Thames. This is an increase of established policy. 22.5% since 2013 and 150% over the last concept of a learning partnership of marine- • Work with Transport for London and the decade. We are well on the way to reaching the based employers is well-placed to make the to extend the target set out in the Mayor’s River Action Plan of most of Government training systems and River Concordat to promote freight 12 million passenger journeys by 2020. The associated funding. movements by water. By setting a target we breadth of what is on offer is increasing, from can gain momentum to make this change in commuter services to 23 piers from Putney to the same way that a target for passenger Do you think these are the right goals Arsenal; dinner cruise and leisure transport on the river was very effective. By and priority actions for the next 20 boats; and fast RIB experiences. having a freight target, we can encourage the years? Are there others you would like to The PLA’s study into the ‘amenity value’ of the modal shift from road to rail, looking at timing see included instead? Thames demonstrated how much the river of freight, financial incentives (where Enderby Wharf in 2017. Some £68 million contributes to the wider economy. Over £2 appropriate) and having the right investment in passenger and cruise-related billion of GDP is generated by tourism in the infrastructure in place. services is planned over the next five years 5. wards immediately adjacent to the Thames’ • Establish a Thames Skills Academy by banks. In total there were 23.4 million visitor Jointly with the Transport for London, the PLA Autumn 2016, to provide a sustainable trips to attractions beside the Thames, of which commissioned Marico Marine to ascertain the model for skills development on the 4.7 million have a direct maritime connection – capacity of the river to accommodate passenger Thames. With sustained increases in such as the at Greenwich or HMS and freight transport in central London. The passenger and freight movements on the Belfast at Tower Bridge. evidence showed that there is considerable Thames, and major infrastructure projects such capacity for more transport on the river – as the Thames Tideway Tunnel, there are Forecast demand passengers and freight – with management, immediate needs to improve training provision Demand for river commuter travel is set to grow. especially if we create more navigable space and (including Boatmaster’s Licence qualifications), This will be driven by population growth in East look to increase passenger journeys in the early raise standards and enhance skills on the river. London, close to the river. There is also morning and evenings, and outside of Summer The Thames Skills Academy is being increasing demand for leisure services, for school holidays. established to meet these immediate needs as example new destinations close to the Thames well as to ensure a long-term skills supply for Vision, 2035 (e.g. the proposed Paramount Theme Park on future passenger and freight movement on the the Swanscombe Peninsula in Kent), as well as We are setting the goal: the 20-year Vision can river after the Thames Tideway Tunnel is from increasing the leisure offer of the Thames see double the number of people travelling by completed. It is intended that the Thames itself. The cruise market is also growing, with river – reaching 20 million commuter and Skills Academy will be established as a Group cruise terminals already in central London and tourist trips every year. Training Association. This long-established Greenwich, and a further one planned to open at

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2.4 Sport and recreation – More participants

Today, 2015

The tidal Thames is home to a wide range of sports and recreation. There are more than 100 sport and recreation clubs along the Thames: rowing clubs, that are predominantly (but not only) up river of Putney; and paddling clubs and water-sport centres offering canoeing, stand up paddle boarding and windsurfing up river of Putney, below Tower Bridge and out towards What is needed to achieve this goal in a safe people on the Southbank onto the river; more the estuary. There are also cruising, yacht and and sustainable way? This consultation is dining experiences; boat tours to see nature on sailing clubs along the length of the Thames, proposing the following priority actions: the river; park-and-glide (i.e. park further down as well as a number of scout groups and sea the river and come into London by river). Ideas • Make more efficient use of piers and river cadet units. also included adding excitement to the river at space, including new timetabling to manage night with, for example, the Mayor’s proposed The Thames plays host to 83 major sporting peaks in traffic. There is potential to manage bridges lighting project (with bridges lit from events, including the University Boat Race, the timetables to avoid the current situation where Tower Bridge to Albert Bridge). race for Doggett’s Coat and Badge (run every the river reaches peak capacity at a small Long-term pier strategy, going beyond the year since 1715) and the Great River Race. An number of very short periods of time in the • years, requiring rescue. With the river becoming existing River Action Plan: new piers at estimated 5,800 people row on the tidal stretch vicinity of Tower, and cleaner, there may be more demand for Thamesmead, Erith, Greenhithe, of the Thames each year 10 . A conservative Embankment Piers. New timetables will be set swimming. We will continue to work with Swanscombe, Grays and Tilbury by 2025. estimate suggests the value of people for Summer 2016 by , swimming event organisers, as well as the RNLI, participating in sport and recreation on the the operators and the PLA. These will be With Local Authorities, London River Services, the Maritime and Coastguard Agency and others Thames or its towpath is £132 million a year in scheduled to achieve better berth availability commercial boat operators and the PLA to ensure safety and appropriate facilities. There terms of health and wellbeing benefits 10 . and more effective management of passenger working together, we will look strategically at are also a number of proposals for lidos in the the current use of existing piers and potential piers. We will also look to see the scope for Growing river use has to be supported by at tidal Thames. If these are appropriately located siting of future piers and pier extensions for the these timetables to have regard for other users least the current high level of safety. The PLA they would enable people to swim if not in the next 10-20 years. This will form the basis for of the river, for example people sailing in East works closely with all the recreational clubs, and river itself, then at least on the river, as we see in continuing work with riparian boroughs within London. Looking forward to future years, their representative bodies, to provide accessible a number of other global cities. timetabling should be routinely reviewed to and outside London to identify new safety information for participants and to support During the ‘Have Your Say’ consultation, there make sure we are making most efficient use of opportunities. a strong safety culture along the river. were a lot of requests to increase the availability piers and river space for the overall benefit of of accessible visitor moorings and to make them customers. We will also look at other options Do you think these are the right goals Swimming is currently permitted by PLA Byelaws reasonably priced. to better utilise river capacity in central and priority actions for the next 20 upriver from Putney. However, the tidal Thames London. years? Are there others you would like to is not a benign environment. Open swimming Forecast demand organisations, including the Outdoor Swimming • Encourage more use at current low peak see included instead? Society and the Wild Swimming Magazine, With a growing London over the next 20 years, times. There is enormous capacity for advise people not to swim in streams/tidal flows and new investment in boat yards and increased passenger transport outside of peak that exceed their swimming speed (which is recreational craft planned over the next five times (i.e. 11:00 – 18:00 during Easter to the approximately 0.8 metres per second for a good years, there is potential for growth. Given the end of September in central London). swimmer). The tidal flow to the Thames often projected increase of the river for more transport Operators want to look at creating new exceeds 3 knots (1.5 metres per second) so is of people and goods too, we are proposing opportunities to attract people to the river nearly twice the speed that a capable swimmer opportunity zones for sport and recreation in outside of these peak times and places. Ideas is able to achieve. Over 100 swimmers have got which to focus growth. include attracting more of the high numbers of into difficulties in the tidal Thames in the last five

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2.5 Environment and heritage – infrastructure. Despite Bazalgette’s foresight in Improved tidal Thames environment building a sewerage system that could meet the demands of a much bigger London, nearly 150 Today, 2015 years on, the system no longer has the capacity The tidal Thames provides a range of diverse, it needs. thriving habitats for many different species of A second major challenge has been highlighted fish, birds, seals and other wildlife. It is home to by the PLA’s current Cleaner Thames campaign. nine Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs), Up to 300 tonnes of rubbish is recovered from mainly inter-tidal habitats. Many of these have the Thames each year, with the number of plastic further international environmental designations bottles growing year on year. A study by such as RAMSAR Convention wetland sites or researchers at Royal Holloway, part of the European designations such as Special University of London, has shown that up to 70% Protection Areas or Special Areas of of bottom feeding fish in the Thames has plastic data on current and projected sport Conservation. Over 95% of the PLA’s area is fibres in their guts, which can then get into the participation as well as more accessibility to covered by a designation. The latest surveys human food chain. information about sports provision on the found over 900 seals and visits from 300,000 Thames will help deliver this. As will close overwintering birds every year. Many thousands Third, there is potential for further improvement working with the sport and recreation clubs of people enjoy the Thames-side environment in the Thames Estuary designated habitats. along the Thames. There is scope to work and wildlife at visitor centres, including those at Opportunities closely with Sport , who support Rainham and Mucking. There are at least 10 rowing, sailing and canoeing activity on the million walkers or cyclists on the Thames The Thames Tideway Tunnel will make the river Thames. It will be vital to work closely with towpath each year 10 . through central London the cleanest it has been riparian boroughs and the Greater London since the Industrial Revolution. With more stable Vision, 2035 Against that, there are a number of major Authority, so that the required infrastructure and higher water quality will come more challenges to improve the Thames environment. We are setting the goal: the 20-year Vision can along the banks, including access points, is biodiversity. There are already 125 fish species Most significantly, at present there are around 50 see greater participation in sport and prioritised in local plans and wider strategies. feeding on the abundant invertebrates to be major discharges of untreated sewage into the recreation on the water. • More visitor moorings in appropriate found in the river. tidal Thames each year as a result of the locations on a busier river. We will examine What is needed to achieve this goal in a safe inadequate capacity of the Victorian the potential for further visitor moorings on the and sustainable way? This consultation is tidal Thames. At the moment, there are up to proposing the following priority actions: 40 alongside visitor moorings at Town Pier, • Sport opportunity zones from to Gallions Point Marina, South Dock Marina, Richmond, Putney Bridge to Chelsea, and Hermitage Wharf, Oyster Pier, Plantation Wharf east of Greenwich. There is potential for the Pier, Dove Pier, Chiswick Pier and Brentford growth of water sports: more rowing, Dock. Depending upon availability, there are kayaking, canoeing and stand up paddle also visitor moorings at Limehouse, St boarding at Kew – Teddington; more kayaking Katharine’s Dock and Imperial Wharf. Most of at Putney – Chelsea; and more kayaking as these sites require the negotiation of a lock or well as sailing at Greenwich – Crossness, are tidally restricted. particularly in Gallions and Barking reaches. Further east, there are opportunities for more Do you think these are the right goals yacht clubs serving sailing and motor boating and priority actions for the next 20 as well as kayaking, and for rowing and paddle years? Are there others you would like to boarding in Benfleet Creek. see included instead? • Establish and work towards a target for sport participation on the Thames. More

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want to see a reduction in litter falling into the • Improve biodiversity of nature reserves: river too, which is being targeted through the wherever practicable, all Sites of Special awareness building ‘Cleaner Thames’ Scientific Interests along the river brought campaign. We are also consulting on changes into ‘favourable’ condition 12 . There are nine to the Byelaws to ensure Class V passenger SSSIs along the tidal River Thames, all within vessels don’t discharge into the Thames from the PLA’s jurisdiction. The first priority is to get 2023. Any improvements in water quality will the sites into ‘favourable’ condition, where benefit the ecology, which in turn means the practicable, so they support more wildlife. The Thames is able to provide improved ecosystem condition of the sites will benefit from enabling services. These include amenity (e.g. angling) more connectivity of habitats across the and livelihoods (e.g. commercial fisheries). Thames, for example by looking at new stepping stone sites and managing a group of • Joined-up Thames Path running from sites in a coherent way. It is also beneficial to Teddington to the sea. Joining up the Path continue to encourage communities to identify will require innovative thinking and a wide with local reserves and sites to protect and range of organisations working together. There improve the access by wildlife. is the task of ‘closing the gaps’ on the existing Thames Path above Woolwich, particularly where new developments provide the chance The waste water treatment improvements to Vision, 2035 Do you think these are the right goals to create access alongside the river that has discharges into the Thames that are being and priority actions for the next 20 We are setting the goal: the 20-year Vision can previously not been possible. There can be provided by investments by Tideway, Thames years? Are there others you would like to see the cleanest Thames since the Industrial particular challenges in finding the best route Water and other operators provide a great see included instead? Revolution, with improved habitats in the near wharves and terminals, which requires platform for cleaner water and a more water and on adjoining land. pragmatic solutions that achieve the best sustainable river. public access that is also safe for the public What is needed to achieve this goal in a safe The Thames already has a number of and takes into account safety, regulatory and and sustainable way? This consultation is environmental improvement projects like the operational requirements of the operator. proposing the following priority actions: Nature Improvement Area, Catchment Plans and There is also scope to support Natural England Futurescape, led by an increasing number of • Tideway to build and bring into operation in its work to create a coastal path around the non-profit organisations and charities such as the Thames Tideway Tunnel by 2023. The whole of England, with the Thames area the Wildlife Trusts, RSPB and the Thames completion of this project, extending from scheduled for work to begin in 2017. Estuary Partnership. Projects are driven and Acton in the west to Abbey Mills in the east, resourced by enthusiastic volunteers up and together with the Lea Tunnel and the down the Thames. For example, the Thames 21 substantial investments in capacity at Thames team’s work on clean ups and partnering in the Water’s existing Sewage Treatment Works, will Cleaner Thames campaign. These extremely dramatically reduce both the number and total valuable volunteer contributions help to improve volume of sewage discharged into the Thames the Thames environment and general amenity. and its tidal tributaries. Cumulatively, this will act as the largest improvement in the water Thames Estuary 2100 will be providing improved quality of the River Thames within London in flood defences across the Estuary to protect the a generation. increasing population to growing risk of flooding due to the effects of climate change. During their • Water quality improves to ‘good’ 11 . As well works, flood defences will need to be repaired as through delivery of the tunnel, this will be and raised. Predicted changes in the frequency achieved by all parties working on of extreme weather events as a result of climate improvements and best practice through the change are expected. Tidal Thames Catchment Plan and the wider Thames River Basin Management Plan. We

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2.6 Community and culture – More side of the Thames. Some 99,000 people are Opportunities people coming to enjoy the Thames employed in the tourism industry in wards The growth in London’s population, combined and its banks adjacent to the Thames, estimated to produce a with forecasts showing increased numbers of £2.4 billion Gross Value Added contribution to tourists coming to London, Kent and Essex, Today, 2015 GDP 10 . brings the potential for a lot more visitors to The River Thames offers a place to enjoy the The river connects its adjacent communities – enjoy the Thames and further boost its attraction water, a place to enjoy the sights of a historic along the Thames Path and, with crossings, and economy. Visit England predicts compound world city, and is in places a haven of peace in a across the water. Many stakeholders are keen to annual growth rates in nominal spending of bustling region. The city grew from the river and see more local river crossings. There is strong 7.9% for in bound tourism, 7.1% for domestic its history is weaved into the development of feeling among stakeholders that access for tourism and 5.3% for day visits between 2013 London, Kent and Essex. Uniquely in the world, vessels has been possible since Roman times and 2020. In real terms, this amounts to an there are four UNESCO World Heritage Sites on along the full stretch of the tidal Thames. annual growth rate of 4.3% in total tourism the banks of one river: , Palace of Upstream from London Bridge, the issues are spending, with predictions indicating a faster Westminster, and Maritime more straightforward. When considering river real growth per annum in London, compared to Greenwich. The Thames is inseparable from the crossings downstream, we take full regard to the the rest of England 13 . There is a lot of activity cultural heritage and artistic landscape of importance of the river as a navigational already in the river and on its banks. There London, Essex and Kent, with people enjoying waterway, enshrined as such in common law. could be potential for more by providing archaeological explorations on the foreshore information about what’s on offer and generating Totally Thames takes place every September along the Thames, and visiting the National Trust greater interest through a well-recognised celebrating the river through a season of art, property at Ham and the historic forts protecting Thames brand for environment, culture, heritage cultural and river events along the Thames in the river at Tilbury, and further and community. An interactive map might be London. A total of 2.6 million people experienced downstream. one way of delivering that. 215 events in September 2015. Some 4.7 million people visit the Thames or its The residential mooring community, who have The river is home to many residential moorings, maritime related attractions annually. On top of been represented through their contributions to located at 24 sites along the full length of the Vision, 2035 this, there are many one-off national and regional the public consultation and a roundtable tidal Thames, with by far the majority located events on the river, such as the Queen’s discussion hosted by the PLA, make the case We are setting the goal: the 20-year Vision can upstream of Vauxhall Bridge in West London. Diamond Jubilee River Pageant, and annual for increasing the number of residential see a riverside which is a magnet for These moorings add to the vibrancy of the events including the University Boat Race, New moorings. This poses questions about where ramblers, historians, artists and others, Thames and meet the desire of people to live on Year’s Eve fireworks display, Heads of the River these are best located on an ever busier river. whether living nearby, on the river or the river. Races and the Great River Race. At least 23.4 Turbulent waters – wash – from passing boats travelling from further afield. million people visit the attractions located by the does create issues for residential moorings, depending on the amount of wash, the nature of What is needed to achieve this goal in a safe the residential vessel and location and type of and sustainable way? This consultation is mooring. Progressively low wash vessels are proposing the following priority actions: being developed and brought into use – • New residential moorings in appropriate including the PLA’s harbour launches. locations on a busier river. We consider that Houseboats need to be suitable for the there is potential for more, by locating them in conditions in which they are moored and to have appropriate opportunity zones, such as above proper moorings. Whilst there will always be Wandsworth and areas of Kent and Essex wash – the Maritime and Coastguard Agency where existing and forecast use of the river classify the tidal Thames as Category C/D where make such moorings viable (see map at the wave heights of up to 1 metre may be back of this publication). expected – further improvements can be made. • Ensure that houseboats are moored appropriately and find innovative solutions to reduce the impact of wash. Innovative

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port of london authority: thames vision 2035

3. Next Steps

We welcome comments by Monday, 15 February 2016. In particular we are looking to hear your feedback on these questions:

• Are these the right goals for the Thames Vision? • Are these the right priority actions to achieve the Vision? • Are there other goals and priority actions you think are needed in the Thames Vision? We are also keen to understand which section(s) of the river your views relate to:

• Teddington Lock – Putney Bridge • Putney Bridge – Thames Barrier • Thames Barrier to Southend We would like to make responses to the consultation available on our website and use some quotes/extracts when we publish the Vision next year. If you do not want your response to be publically available, please indicate so in your response.

solutions will include having the right moorings An interactive, accessible map of the offer You can share your feedback via: and the right vessels for the river, and having along the whole Thames might be one way to informed river use that complies with PLA achieve this. There is already a lot of public • online form on the website (www.pla.co.uk/ThamesVision) Byelaws and Directions. There is also a role for information about recreational opportunities on • email to [email protected] developers to find solutions that allow vessels the river, through the Recreational Users Guide • post to Katherine Riggs, Vision Project Director, Port of London Authority, to be moored on the water. These can be on the PLA website. There is scope to do London River House, Royal Pier Road, Gravesend, Kent DA12 2BG developed by sharing best practice along the more for a wider public audience. Whilst some Thames. We will evaluate the performance of destinations are well known along the Thames, Thank you for your involvement so far. We want to continue to hear from as many new forms of wash mitigation measures, for many are not. There is no one place that people as possible. We look forward to hearing your views. example the approach being trialled from late shows what is on offer, e.g. taking a boat to 2015 at the new Plantation Pier in Wandsworth. see one of the World Heritage Sites; going for lunch at the RSPB’s Greater Thames Marshes • Explore development of a Thames brand for at Rainham; taking part in a community arts culture, heritage and quality of life, including project at Southend. support for Totally Thames. We will explore the potential for this with a range of organisations (such as London & Partners, Visit Do you think these are the right goals Britain and the Greater London Authority). A and priority actions for the next 20 lot more could be made of the global asset of years? Are there others you would like to the Thames, its cultural, heritage and see included instead? environmental offer. Activities and destinations on the Thames are located by the land, rather than the river. By joining up the offer – tying in culture and heritage, environment, community and transport – of the Thames for residents and visitors alike and providing a strong brand for new initiatives, more commercial, voluntary and statutory bodies will be able to work together to promote the Thames.

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Annex: Organisations who have contributed to the Vision

Active 360 Heatherwick Studio Perca Consulting The Lenox Project Ahoy Centre Hermitage Community Moorings Poplar, Blackwall and District Rowing Club The Wildlife Trust Angling Trust Heybridge Parish Council Port of London Authority Thurrock Council Arup Historic England Port of Tilbury Thurrock Yacht club Association of Thames Yacht Club Houses of Parliament Putney Town Centre Tide Line Art Avery Associates Architects HR Wallingford (Dredging Liaison Group) Totally Thames HSBC Rowing Club QRB Gloriana Tower Bridge Yacht and Boat Club Beckett Rankine Queen Victoria Seamen's Rest Twickenham Yacht Club Berkeley Group Institute of Civil Engineers Big Stick Advertising Industrial Chemicals Ramblers Association UCL Biodiversity by Design Inland Waterways Association Reagents Network University College London Boat Club BJ Wood and Sons Ltd Institute for Sustainability Realising Your Future University of Greenwich British Canoeing ISM Shipping Solutions Richmond Bridge Boat Club Upnor Sailing Club River Thames Alliance Co. Ltd Upper Thames, Association of Thames Yacht Clubs Canal and River Trust J Clubb Ltd River Thames Society Urban Space Management Canoe Wild RNLI Urban Strategies Castlekeep Ltd Keltbray Group Holdings Rolfe Judd Planning CH2M HILL TEAM2100 Kent County Council Rowdy Boat Co Viking River Cruises Chas Newens Marine Kent Invicta Chamber of Commerce Royal Borough of Greenwich Vopak Chelsea Kayak Club Key Fasteners Royal HaskoningDHV Chiswick Pier Trust Kotug Royal Yachting Association Wandsworth Borough Council RSPB Watermen and Lightermen of the Thames Lafarge Tarmac RWE Generation UK West London River Group Clipper Ventures Little Ship Club Westminster City Council CMA CGM Livett Group S. Walsh & Sons L Westminster School Commercial Boat Owners Association London Assembly Labour Group SCA Logistics Wild Capital Corporate Risk Associates Ltd London City Cruise Port Shadwell Basin Outdoor Activity Centre Cory Environmental London Concrete Shell Crown Estate London Corinthians Sailing Club Shoebury Watermen’s Association London Councils Shoreline Environments/Super Yachts Club DEFRA London Gateway SKA Department for Transport London Nautical School Southbank Sailing Club Devonport Marine London RIB Voyages Southend Coastal Rowing Club Duck Tours London Riverside BID London Rowing Club St Pancras Cruising Club Emanuel School Museum Stema Shipping English Heritage London Wildlife Trust Sustrans Environment Agency Ernst & Young MacAndrews Transport for London Essex Chambers of Commerce Marico Thames 21 Essex County Council Marine Conservation Society Thames Anglers Conservancy Euromix Concrete Metal Culture Thames Discovery Programme (MOLA) Farrells Marine Management Organisation Thames Estuary Partnership Fishmongers Museum of London Group Thames Explorer Trust Thames Motor Yacht Club Gasworks Dock Partnership National Maritime Development Group Thames Regional Rowing Council Globe Rowing Club National Trust Thames Shipping GPS Marine Natural England Tideway Gravesend Museum Newham Borough Council Thames Traditional Rowing Association Gravesend Rowing Club Pier Thames Water Gravesham Council Norfolk Broads Yachting Company Thamesbank Greater London Authority North Kent Yachting Association The Boat Race Company Ltd Greenergy Nymph Limited (Lady Daphne) The Fishmongers’ Company Greenwich Council Greenwich Yacht Club Old Chiswick Protection Society OPLAC H.W. Wilson ltd Hanson Palmer's College Havering Council Parr's Priory Rowing Club

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References: 1. Kearney, A.T. 2014 Global Cities Index and Emerging Cities Outlook. 2014 2. Mayor of London. City in the East. 2015 3. Serious Incident – slight/significant injury to persons + up to moderate cost implication (>£50K). Very Serious Incident – serious injury or fatality to persons + serious/major cost implication (>£2M) 4. UK Trade & Investment. The UK Ports Sector: A showcase of world class expertise. 2013 5. Port of London Authority. River Thames Economic Impact Report Summary 2015 6. Harari, D. Regional and local economic growth statistics. House of Commons library. 2014 7. Intra-port: Cargo moving between terminals on the River Thames and cargo from Medway and Brightlingsea. This includes spoil, aggregates, construction materials, household waste and vegetable oils 8. Unitised trade includes containers, roll on/roll off traffic and the import/export of vehicles

9. McKinnon, A. CO2 emissions from freight transport: an analysis of UK data. Logist. Res. Netw. 2007 10. Port of London Authority. Adding Value: The River Thames Public Amenity 2015 11. ‘Good’ water quality: slight change from natural conditions as a result of human activity. No restriction on the beneficial uses of the water body. No impact on amenity or fisheries. Protects all but the most sensitive wildlife 12. ‘Favourable’ condition: SSSI is being adequately conserved and is meeting its ‘conservation objectives’, however there is scope for enhancement of these sites 13. www.visitengland.com/biz/tourism-england/refreshing-growth-strategy- englands-tourism-industry/performance-and-outlook

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