Women Leadership in Decentralised Governance and Rural Development: a Study of Selected Union Parishads of Kushtia District in Bangladesh (1997-2003)
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Women Leadership in Decentralised Governance and Rural Development: A Study of Selected Union Parishads of Kushtia District in Bangladesh (1997-2003) THESIS SUBMinED FOR THE DEGREE OF DOOOR OF PHILOSOPHY (ARTS) AT THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH BENGAL MD. AMANUR RAHMAN UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF PROFESSOR M. YASIN DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH BENGAL DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH BENGAL DARJEELING INDIA 2010 il'\~ 6 9 hJ &6 P.S 't~Q oft7 t ·LQCC, ~ Acknowledgements First and foremost, I would like to place on record my deepest sense of gratitude and sincere thanks to my supervisor Dr. M. Y asin, Professor of Political Science, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, India. I am deeply indebted to him for guiding and supervising this work and providing unending inspiration, persistent encouragement that have led to smooth completion my dissertation. He has taken much pain to supervise my thesis with utmost care and attention. I am beholden to the authority of the University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, India for giving me the opportunity to carry out the research work. Grateful acknowledgement is due to my teacher Professor Dr. M Alauddin, Hon' able Vice-Chancellor of Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh who always inspired me to stay at the field of research and always wishes for my success. I am grateful to my teacher distinguished folklorist Professor Dr. Abul Ahsan Choudhury of the Department of Bengali, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh who has virtually led me to the road to research. I am equally grateful to Professor Dr. P.K Sengupta, Department of Political Science, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, India, Professor Dr. Moksuder Rahman, Department of Political Science, Rajsahai University, Rajshahi Bangladesh for their invaluable help in different times on different ISSUeS. I owe a debt of gratitude to my teacher and eminent writer and columnist Dr. Rashid Askari Professor English, King Khalid University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia who has always been a beacon light for me since my starting to walk in the road to research. ii Mention may be made to the chairmen and members of different union parishads of Kushtia district in Bangladesh who have helped me giving authentic information for my thesis. Last but not the least, my gratefulness to my wife Shanaz Parveen is not beyond any formal recognition nor do I want to belittle her by formally acknowledging my debt that she magnanimously bore with me the difficult times that I had had to pass through. She has been bearing with me since she came to my life especially while I had been busy conducting my research work. Amanur Rahman iii Contents Chapter-i : Prologue 1--------38 Section -1 : Introduction The research problem Assumption and hypothesis Objectives ofthe study Review of literature Rationales of the study Section -II : Methodology a) Hypothesis b) Method of data collection c) Tools of investigation and methods of primary data collection Selection of the area for the study Chapter-ii : Conceptual framework of the study 39-------77 Leadership Development Governance ------------------Good governance Decentralisation Decentralised governance Decentralised governance in Bangladesh ---------Decentralisation and Development --------- The constitutional mandate ofdecentralised governance ---------Tires of decentralised governance IV ---------Institutional structure --------Union parishad a unique character ofdecentralised governance in Bangladesh Women leadership at decentralised governance in Bangladesh ----------State ofwomen into the de centralised system ---------Actual arrangement for women: Decade's perspective --------Women in union parishad election (1973-2003) The present study highlights Chapter-iii: Rural Development and 78 -------103 the Rural Women Leadership: Rural Development Rural Development in Bangladesh Different stage of rural development in Bangladesh ----------Rural works Programme ---------Thana Training and Development Center -------- Thana Irrigation Programme --------The Cooperative System --------Integrated Rural Development Programme -------Bangladesh Rural development Board ------One Home, One Farm Problems of rural development Role of women leadership in rural development Chapter-iv: Union Parishad: 1 04------153 An experimental Overview Union Parishad experiment v Union Parishad experiment in Bangladesh Present structure Development of union parishad Critical analysis of development of union parishad under various regimes : British regime Pakistan regime Bangladesh regime Working process of union parishad The latest development Chapter-v: Problems of Rural Women Leadership 154---188 1. Systematical default of union parish ad A) Structural and environmental anomalies B) Improper women representation C) Lack of formulated guideline and implementation of those exist D) Lack of cordial environment 2. The socio-structural phenomenon A) Social B) Economical C) Political D) Others Chapter-vi : Socio-economic Profile 189---198 of the Study Area Physical feature and socio-historical background Demography Literacy Administrative Unit Transport vi Communications Socio-economic Profile of the Study Area Chapter-vii :Profile ofthe leaders (respondents) 199-----219 Age Education Experience Occupation Income Landholding Exposing about media Cognition of the leaders on pressing problems in the area concerned Ability to suggest solution the problems Awareness about responsibilities Perceptibility of the national issues The affiliation with various socio-cultural organisations Types of development projects the local leaders support on priority basis Time spent for the public works Linkage with government officials Link with political parties Link with national political leaders Perception about future development Chapter-viii : Conclusion 220---230 Summary of findings Concluding observation Suggestive remarks vii Bibliography 231-----------238 Questionare List of the tables 5.1 Opinion of the leaders about unbalanced Functions----- 158 5.2 Opinion of the leaders about financial sickness---------------- 159 5.3 Opinion ofthe leaders about local bureaucratic machineries--------- 161 5.4 Opinion of the leaders about role of lawmakers--------------------- 164 5.5 Opinion ofthe leaders about central Control--------------------------- 165 5.6 Opinion of the leaders about limited scope of people's participation------------------------------------------ 166 5. 7 Opinion of the leaders about non-coordination with other rural institutions and staffers----------------------- ----------- 167 5.8 Opinion ofthe leaders about anomalies on national planning--------------------------------------------------------- 167 5.9 Opinion of the leaders about Lack of skilled staffers and poor remuneration structure-------------------------------------- 168 5.10 Opinion of the leaders about present staffer's structure--- ----------- 169 5.11 Opinion ofthe leaders about law and order management------------- 170 5.12 Opinion of the leaders about judicial orientation-------------- -------- 171 5.13 Opinion of the leaders about political jeopardy on union parishad----------------------------------..:-..:.;_.,;._.__ __ ..;_ 172 5.14 Opinion of the leaders about frequent empowerment of influential--------------------------------------------- 173 5.15 Opinion of the leaders about improper viii women representation---------------------------------------------------- 17 4 5 .16 Opinion of the leaders about lacking of formulated guideline and implementation of those exists---------------------------- 17 5 5.1 7 Opinion of the leaders about lack of cordial environment cause to male counterparts---------------------------------- 176 5.18 Opinion of the leaders about religion barrier during their work------------------------------------------------- 183 5.19 Opinion of the leaders about social security during their work--------------------------------------------------- 184 6.1 J\ge ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 200 6. 2 Education---------------------------------------------------------------------- 201 6.3 Experience---------------------------------------------------------------------- 202 6.4 Occupation---------------------------------------------------------------------- 203 6.5 Income -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 204 6.6 Landholding -------------------------------------------------------------------- 204 6. 7 Exposing about media--------------------------------------------------------- 205 6.8 Cognition of the leaders on pressing problems in the area concerned---------------------------------------------------- 207 6.9 J\bility to suggest solution the problems ----------------------------------- 209 6.10 J\wareness about responsibilities ------------------------------------------ 210 6.11 Perceptibility of the national issues --------------------------------------- 211 6.12 The affiliation with various socio-cultural organisations -------------- 212 6.13 Types of development projects the local leaders support on priority basis ----------------------------------------- 213 6.14 Time spent for the public works------------------------------------------- 214 6.15 Linkage with government officials ---------------------------------------- 215 6.16 Link with political parties -------------------------------------------------- 216 ix 6.17 Link with national political leaders --------------------------------------- 217 6.18 Perception about future development