Zāļu Patēriņa Statistika 2018

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Zāļu Patēriņa Statistika 2018 fa ZĀĻU PATĒRIŅA STATISTIKA STATISTICS ON MEDICINES CONSUMPTION 2018 ZĀĻU VALSTS AĢENTŪRA STATE AGENCY OF MEDICINES 2019 Autors/ Author: Zāļu valsts aģentūra Sagatavoja/ Prepared by: A. Seilis, E. Gailīte Izdevējs/ Publisher: Zāļu valsts aģentūra/ State Agency of Medicines© 2019 Izmantojot šajā grāmatā publicētos datus, jānorāda datu avots When using or quoting the data included in this issue, please indicate the source SATURS Ievads .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 6 Metode ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 7 Rezultāti .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 9 1. Iedzīvotāju skaits Latvijā no 2014. līdz 2018. gadam ................................................................................................................... 9 2. Licencēto zāļu lieltirgotavu skaits ................................................................................................................................................ 9 3. Reģistrēto zāļu kopējais apgrozījums pēdējos 5 gados ............................................................................................................... 10 4. Nereģistrēto zāļu kopējais apgrozījums pēdējos 5 gados ............................................................................................................ 10 5. Zāļu iepakojuma vidējā cena pēdējos 5 gados, EUR .................................................................................................................... 10 6. Zāļu patēriņa sadalījums galvenajās patērētāju grupās (% no kopējā apgrozījuma EUR) ........................................................... 11 7. Zāļu patēriņa sadalījums galvenajās patērētāju grupās (% no realizēto iepakojumu skaita) ...................................................... 11 8. Zāļu lieltirgotavu tirgus sadalījums pēc pārdošanas apjoma aptiekām, milj. EUR ....................................................................... 12 9. Zāļu lieltirgotavu tirgus sadalījums pēc pārdošanas apjoma ārstniecības iestādēm, milj. EUR ................................................... 12 10. Zāļu patēriņa sadalījums pēc zāļu izsniegšanas kārtības – recepšu un bezrecepšu zāles (% no realizēto iepakojumu skaita) 2018. gadā ................................................................................................................................................................................... 13 11. Zāļu patēriņa sadalījums pēc zāļu izsniegšanas kārtības – recepšu un bezrecepšu zāles (% no kopējā apgrozījuma EUR) 2018. gadā ................................................................................................................................................................................... 13 12. Zāļu patēriņa sadalījums pēc zāļu izsniegšanas kārtības – recepšu un bezrecepšu zāles, DID .................................................... 13 13. Zāļu patēriņš pēc DDD/ 1000 iedzīvotājiem dienā (DID) ............................................................................................................. 14 13.1. Stomatoloģiskie līdzekļi (A01A), DID .................................................................................................................................. 14 13.2. Zāles čūlas un gastroezofageālā atviļņa slimības ārstēšanai (A02B), DID .......................................................................... 15 13.3. Insulīni un to analogi (A10A), DID ...................................................................................................................................... 20 13.4. Asins glikozes līmeni pazeminošās zāles, izņemot insulīnus (A10B), DID ........................................................................... 20 13.5. Antitrombotiskie līdzekļi (B01A) ........................................................................................................................................ 23 13.6. Sirds un asinsvadu (kardiovaskulārās) sistēmas slīmību ārstēšanai paredzētās zāles (C), DID........................................... 24 13.7. Bēta blokatori (C07A), DID ................................................................................................................................................. 28 13.8. Selektīvie kalcija kanālu blokatori ar pārsvarā vaskulāru darbību (C08C), DID .................................................................. 29 13.9. Selektīvie kalcija kanālu blokatori ar tiešu kardiālu darbību (C08D), DID .......................................................................... 29 13.10. AKE inhibitori, monopreparāti (C09AA), DID ..................................................................................................................... 30 13.11. Angiotenzīna II receptoru blokatori, monopreparāti (C09C) ............................................................................................. 30 13.12. HMG CoA reduktāzes inhibitori (C10AA), DID .................................................................................................................... 31 13.13. Sistēmiski lietojamie hormonālās kontracepcijas līdzekļi (G03A), DID .............................................................................. 34 13.14. Glikokortikoīdi (H02AB), DID .............................................................................................................................................. 37 13.15. Vairogdziedzera hormoni (H03AA), DID ............................................................................................................................. 37 13.16. Sistēmiski lietojamie antibakteriālie līdzekļi (J01), DID ...................................................................................................... 41 13.17. Pretaudzēju līdzekļi un imūnmodulatori (L), DID ............................................................................................................... 44 13.18. Endokrīnās terapijas līdzekļi (L02), DID .............................................................................................................................. 45 13.19. Imūnstimulatori (L03) un Imūnsupresanti (L04), DID ......................................................................................................... 46 13.20. Nesteroīdi pretiekaisuma un pretreimatisma līdzekļi (M01A), DID ................................................................................... 49 13.21. Nervu sistēmas ārstēšanai paredzētās zāles (N), DID ........................................................................................................ 50 13.22. Psiholeptiskie līdzekļi (N05), farmakoloģiskās grupas, DID ................................................................................................ 55 13.23. Psiholeptiskie līdzekļi (N05), ķīmiskās grupas, DID ............................................................................................................ 55 13.24. Psihoanaleptiskie līdzekļi (N06), DID .................................................................................................................................. 57 13.25. Pretparazītu līdzekļi, insekticīdi un repelenti (P), DID ........................................................................................................ 59 13.26. Līdzekļi elpošanas sistēmas slimību ārstēšanai (R), DID ..................................................................................................... 60 13.27. Dekongestanti un citi vietējas darbības deguna līdzekļi (R01A), DID ................................................................................. 61 13.28. Zāles obstruktīvu elpceļu slimību ārstēšanai (R03), DID .................................................................................................... 62 2 ZĀĻU PATĒRIŅA STATISTIKA 2018 14. Vispieprasītākās zāles pēc starptautiskā nosaukuma, DID .......................................................................................................... 66 15. Vispieprasītākās recepšu zāles pēc starptautiskā nosaukuma, DID ............................................................................................ 67 16. Pārdotākās recepšu zāles pēc starptautiskā nosaukuma, milj. EUR ............................................................................................ 67 17. Vispieprasītākās bezrecepšu zāles pēc starptautiskā nosaukuma, DID ....................................................................................... 68 18. Pārdotākās bezrecepšu zāles pēc starptautiskā nosaukuma, milj. EUR ...................................................................................... 69 19. Recepšu un bezrecepšu zāļu tirgus sadalījums galvenajās ATĶ grupās 2018. gadā, milj. EUR .................................................... 70 20. Recepšu un bezrecepšu zāļu tirgus sadalījums galvenajās ATĶ grupās 2018. gadā, milj. iepakojumu ........................................ 71 21. Zāļu patēriņa sadalījums galvenajās ATĶ grupās 2018. gadā, DID ............................................................................................... 72 22. Zāļu patēriņa sadalījums galvenajās ATĶ grupās 2014. – 2018. gadā, DID .................................................................................
Recommended publications
  • Oral Presentations September 23Rd - Rooms 1,2 and 3
    Oral Presentations September 23rd - Rooms 1,2 and 3 Presentation Date Abstract Authors Presenter´s name - Theme Title Code indicated by the author 18498 Thomas Smits; Femke Gresnigt; Thomas Smits Clinical Toxicology/drugs of PERFORMANCE OF AN IMMUNOASSAY Eric Franssen; Milly Attema-de abuse METHOD FOR GAMMA-HYDROXYBUTYRIC Jonge ACID (GHB) IN PATIENTS PRESENTED AT THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT, A PROSPECTIVE STUDY 18499 Thomas Smits; Femke Gresnigt; Thomas Smits Clinical Toxicology/drugs of DO WE NEED POINT-OF-CARE TESTING OF Milly Attema-de Jonge; Eric abuse GAMMA-HYDROXYBUTYRIC ACID (GHB) AT Fransse THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT? September 23 18730 Lilian H.J. Richter; Julia Menges; Lea Wagmann Clinical Toxicology/drugs of NEW PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES: Lea Wagmann; Simon D. Brandt; abuse METABOLIC FATE, ISOZYME-MAPPING, 13:30 - 14:45 Folker Westphal; Veit Flockerzi; AND PLASMA PROTEIN BINDING OF 5-APB- ROOM 1 Markus R. Meyer NBOME, 2C-B-FLY-NB2ETO5CL, AND 2C-B- FLY-NBOME 18985 Annelies Cannaert; Marie Annelies Cannaert Clinical Toxicology/drugs of HIDE AND SEEK: OVERCOMING THE Deventer; Melissa Fogarty; abuse MASKING EFFECT OF OPIOID Amanda L.A. Mohr; Christophe P. ANTAGONISTS IN ACTIVITY-BASED Stove SCREENING TESTS 18740 Souleiman El Balkhi ; Roland Souleiman El Balkhi Clinical Toxicology/drugs of METABOLIC INTERACTIONS BETWEEN Lawson; Franck Saint-Marcoux abuse OXYCODONE, BENZODIAZEPINES OR DESIGNER BENZODIAZEPINES PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN OXYCODONE INTOXICATIONS 19050 Brenda de Winter F de Velde; MN Brenda de Winter Anti-infective drugs POPULATION
    [Show full text]
  • Medical Review(S) Clinical Review
    CENTER FOR DRUG EVALUATION AND RESEARCH APPLICATION NUMBER: 200327 MEDICAL REVIEW(S) CLINICAL REVIEW Application Type NDA Application Number(s) 200327 Priority or Standard Standard Submit Date(s) December 29, 2009 Received Date(s) December 30, 2009 PDUFA Goal Date October 30, 2010 Division / Office Division of Anti-Infective and Ophthalmology Products Office of Antimicrobial Products Reviewer Name(s) Ariel Ramirez Porcalla, MD, MPH Neil Rellosa, MD Review Completion October 29, 2010 Date Established Name Ceftaroline fosamil for injection (Proposed) Trade Name Teflaro Therapeutic Class Cephalosporin; ß-lactams Applicant Cerexa, Inc. Forest Laboratories, Inc. Formulation(s) 400 mg/vial and 600 mg/vial Intravenous Dosing Regimen 600 mg every 12 hours by IV infusion Indication(s) Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infection (ABSSSI); Community-acquired Bacterial Pneumonia (CABP) Intended Population(s) Adults ≥ 18 years of age Template Version: March 6, 2009 Reference ID: 2857265 Clinical Review Ariel Ramirez Porcalla, MD, MPH Neil Rellosa, MD NDA 200327: Teflaro (ceftaroline fosamil) Table of Contents 1 RECOMMENDATIONS/RISK BENEFIT ASSESSMENT ......................................... 9 1.1 Recommendation on Regulatory Action ........................................................... 10 1.2 Risk Benefit Assessment.................................................................................. 10 1.3 Recommendations for Postmarketing Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategies ........................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The National Drugs List
    ^ ^ ^ ^ ^[ ^ The National Drugs List Of Syrian Arab Republic Sexth Edition 2006 ! " # "$ % &'() " # * +$, -. / & 0 /+12 3 4" 5 "$ . "$ 67"5,) 0 " /! !2 4? @ % 88 9 3: " # "$ ;+<=2 – G# H H2 I) – 6( – 65 : A B C "5 : , D )* . J!* HK"3 H"$ T ) 4 B K<) +$ LMA N O 3 4P<B &Q / RS ) H< C4VH /430 / 1988 V W* < C A GQ ") 4V / 1000 / C4VH /820 / 2001 V XX K<# C ,V /500 / 1992 V "!X V /946 / 2004 V Z < C V /914 / 2003 V ) < ] +$, [2 / ,) @# @ S%Q2 J"= [ &<\ @ +$ LMA 1 O \ . S X '( ^ & M_ `AB @ &' 3 4" + @ V= 4 )\ " : N " # "$ 6 ) G" 3Q + a C G /<"B d3: C K7 e , fM 4 Q b"$ " < $\ c"7: 5) G . HHH3Q J # Hg ' V"h 6< G* H5 !" # $%" & $' ,* ( )* + 2 ا اوا ادو +% 5 j 2 i1 6 B J' 6<X " 6"[ i2 "$ "< * i3 10 6 i4 11 6! ^ i5 13 6<X "!# * i6 15 7 G!, 6 - k 24"$d dl ?K V *4V h 63[46 ' i8 19 Adl 20 "( 2 i9 20 G Q) 6 i10 20 a 6 m[, 6 i11 21 ?K V $n i12 21 "% * i13 23 b+ 6 i14 23 oe C * i15 24 !, 2 6\ i16 25 C V pq * i17 26 ( S 6) 1, ++ &"r i19 3 +% 27 G 6 ""% i19 28 ^ Ks 2 i20 31 % Ks 2 i21 32 s * i22 35 " " * i23 37 "$ * i24 38 6" i25 39 V t h Gu* v!* 2 i26 39 ( 2 i27 40 B w< Ks 2 i28 40 d C &"r i29 42 "' 6 i30 42 " * i31 42 ":< * i32 5 ./ 0" -33 4 : ANAESTHETICS $ 1 2 -1 :GENERAL ANAESTHETICS AND OXYGEN 4 $1 2 2- ATRACURIUM BESYLATE DROPERIDOL ETHER FENTANYL HALOTHANE ISOFLURANE KETAMINE HCL NITROUS OXIDE OXYGEN PROPOFOL REMIFENTANIL SEVOFLURANE SUFENTANIL THIOPENTAL :LOCAL ANAESTHETICS !67$1 2 -5 AMYLEINE HCL=AMYLOCAINE ARTICAINE BENZOCAINE BUPIVACAINE CINCHOCAINE LIDOCAINE MEPIVACAINE OXETHAZAINE PRAMOXINE PRILOCAINE PREOPERATIVE MEDICATION & SEDATION FOR 9*: ;< " 2 -8 : : SHORT -TERM PROCEDURES ATROPINE DIAZEPAM INJ.
    [Show full text]
  • Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences
    ISSN: 0975-8585 Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences Formulation and Evaluation of Floating Drotaverine Hydrochloride Tablets Using Factorial Design Om Prakash*, S Saraf, M Rahman, Neeraj Agnihotri, and Vinay Pathak Department of Industrial chemistry, Integral University, Lucknow. Uttar Pradesh, India. ABSTRACT The main aim of this study was to optimize and evaluate the floating tablets of Drotaverine HCl that prolong the gastric residence time, increasing drug bioavailability and control pain for longer duration by oral administration. A floating drug delivery system(FDDS) was developed using gas forming agent like sodium bicarbonate, citric acid polymers like hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose(HPMC), Sod CMC, Carbopol-934P, PVP K-30. In 32 factorial design amount of HPMC(X1) and gas generating agents(X2) were selected as independent variable and % drug release for 30min,1h, 2h,4h,6h, 8h,12h, 16h , 24h and floating lag time (FLT) were taken as dependent variable. The floating tablet formulations were evaluated for Bulk density (gm/cm3), Tapped density(gm/cm3), Hausner ratio(HR), Carr index, Angle of repose, flow property, assay, in-vitro drug release, hardness, friability,weight variation. The results of in vitro release studies showed that the optimized formulation (F9) could sustain drug release (98.74%) for 24h and remain buoyant for more than 24h. The combination of hydrophilic (HPMC) and hydrophobic (carbopol-934P) polymer provides a better option for 24h release action, bioavailability, stability of tablets at 400C/75%RH, of optimized formulation was carried for one month and no significant change was observed. Keywords: floating drug delivery system(FDDS), Drotaverine HCl, gas generating agents, floating lag time (FLT), hydrophilic (HPMC) and hydrophobic (carbopol-934P) polymer.
    [Show full text]
  • Analysis of Mutations Leading to Para-Aminosalicylic Acid Resistance in Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Analysis of mutations leading to para-aminosalicylic acid resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Received: 9 April 2019 Bharati Pandey1, Sonam Grover2, Jagdeep Kaur1 & Abhinav Grover3 Accepted: 31 July 2019 Thymidylate synthase A (ThyA) is the key enzyme involved in the folate pathway in Mycobacterium Published: xx xx xxxx tuberculosis. Mutation of key residues of ThyA enzyme which are involved in interaction with substrate 2′-deoxyuridine-5′-monophosphate (dUMP), cofactor 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate (MTHF), and catalytic site have caused para-aminosalicylic acid (PAS) resistance in TB patients. Focusing on R127L, L143P, C146R, L172P, A182P, and V261G mutations, including wild-type, we performed long molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in explicit solvent to investigate the molecular principles underlying PAS resistance due to missense mutations. We found that these mutations lead to (i) extensive changes in the dUMP and MTHF binding sites, (ii) weak interaction of ThyA enzyme with dUMP and MTHF by inducing conformational changes in the structure, (iii) loss of the hydrogen bond and other atomic interactions and (iv) enhanced movement of protein atoms indicated by principal component analysis (PCA). In this study, MD simulations framework has provided considerable insight into mutation induced conformational changes in the ThyA enzyme of Mycobacterium. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) threatens the efective treatment of tuberculosis (TB) caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and has become a serious threat to global public health1. In 2017, there were reports of 5,58000 new TB cases with resistance to rifampicin (frst line drug), of which 82% have developed multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB)2. AMR has been reported to be one of the top health threats globally, so there is an urgent need to proactively address the problem by identifying new drug targets and understanding the drug resistance mechanism3,4.
    [Show full text]
  • Classification of Medicinal Drugs and Driving: Co-Ordination and Synthesis Report
    Project No. TREN-05-FP6TR-S07.61320-518404-DRUID DRUID Driving under the Influence of Drugs, Alcohol and Medicines Integrated Project 1.6. Sustainable Development, Global Change and Ecosystem 1.6.2: Sustainable Surface Transport 6th Framework Programme Deliverable 4.4.1 Classification of medicinal drugs and driving: Co-ordination and synthesis report. Due date of deliverable: 21.07.2011 Actual submission date: 21.07.2011 Revision date: 21.07.2011 Start date of project: 15.10.2006 Duration: 48 months Organisation name of lead contractor for this deliverable: UVA Revision 0.0 Project co-funded by the European Commission within the Sixth Framework Programme (2002-2006) Dissemination Level PU Public PP Restricted to other programme participants (including the Commission x Services) RE Restricted to a group specified by the consortium (including the Commission Services) CO Confidential, only for members of the consortium (including the Commission Services) DRUID 6th Framework Programme Deliverable D.4.4.1 Classification of medicinal drugs and driving: Co-ordination and synthesis report. Page 1 of 243 Classification of medicinal drugs and driving: Co-ordination and synthesis report. Authors Trinidad Gómez-Talegón, Inmaculada Fierro, M. Carmen Del Río, F. Javier Álvarez (UVa, University of Valladolid, Spain) Partners - Silvia Ravera, Susana Monteiro, Han de Gier (RUGPha, University of Groningen, the Netherlands) - Gertrude Van der Linden, Sara-Ann Legrand, Kristof Pil, Alain Verstraete (UGent, Ghent University, Belgium) - Michel Mallaret, Charles Mercier-Guyon, Isabelle Mercier-Guyon (UGren, University of Grenoble, Centre Regional de Pharmacovigilance, France) - Katerina Touliou (CERT-HIT, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Greece) - Michael Hei βing (BASt, Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen, Germany).
    [Show full text]
  • Antimicrobial Resistance Benchmark 2020 Antimicrobial Resistance Benchmark 2020
    First independent framework for assessing pharmaceutical company action Antimicrobial Resistance Benchmark 2020 Antimicrobial Resistance Benchmark 2020 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Access to Medicine Foundation would like to thank the following people and organisations for their contributions to this report.1 FUNDERS The Antimicrobial Resistance Benchmark research programme is made possible with financial support from UK AID and the Dutch Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport. Expert Review Committee Research Team Reviewers Hans Hogerzeil - Chair Gabrielle Breugelmans Christine Årdal Gregory Frank Fatema Rafiqi Karen Gallant Nina Grundmann Adrián Alonso Ruiz Hans Hogerzeil Magdalena Kettis Ruth Baron Hitesh Hurkchand Joakim Larsson Dulce Calçada Joakim Larsson Marc Mendelson Moska Hellamand Marc Mendelson Margareth Ndomondo-Sigonda Kevin Outterson Katarina Nedog Sarah Paulin (Observer) Editorial Team Andrew Singer Anna Massey Deirdre Cogan ACCESS TO MEDICINE FOUNDATION Rachel Jones The Access to Medicine Foundation is an independent Emma Ross non-profit organisation based in the Netherlands. It aims to advance access to medicine in low- and middle-income Additional contributors countries by stimulating and guiding the pharmaceutical Thomas Collin-Lefebvre industry to play a greater role in improving access to Alex Kong medicine. Nestor Papanikolaou Address Contact Naritaweg 227-A For more information about this publication, please contact 1043 CB, Amsterdam Jayasree K. Iyer, Executive Director The Netherlands [email protected] +31 (0) 20 215 35 35 www.amrbenchmark.org 1 This acknowledgement is not intended to imply that the individuals and institutions referred to above endorse About the cover: Young woman from the Antimicrobial Resistance Benchmark methodology, Brazil, where 40%-60% of infections are analyses or results.
    [Show full text]
  • Drug Consumption in 2017 - 2020
    Page 1 Drug consumption in 2017 - 2020 2020 2019 2018 2017 DDD/ DDD/ DDD/ DDD/ 1000 inhab./ Hospital 1000 inhab./ Hospital 1000 inhab./ Hospital 1000 inhab./ Hospital ATC code Subgroup or chemical substance day % day % day % day % A ALIMENTARY TRACT AND METABOLISM 322,79 3 312,53 4 303,08 4 298,95 4 A01 STOMATOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS 14,28 4 12,82 4 10,77 6 10,46 7 A01A STOMATOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS 14,28 4 12,82 4 10,77 6 10,46 7 A01AA Caries prophylactic agents 11,90 3 10,48 4 8,42 5 8,45 7 A01AA01 sodium fluoride 11,90 3 10,48 4 8,42 5 8,45 7 A01AA03 olaflur 0,00 - 0,00 - 0,00 - 0,00 - A01AB Antiinfectives for local oral treatment 2,36 8 2,31 7 2,31 7 2,02 7 A01AB03 chlorhexidine 2,02 6 2,10 7 2,09 7 1,78 7 A01AB11 various 0,33 21 0,21 0 0,22 0 0,24 0 A01AD Other agents for local oral treatment 0,02 0 0,03 0 0,04 0 - - A01AD02 benzydamine 0,02 0 0,03 0 0,04 0 - - A02 DRUGS FOR ACID RELATED DISORDERS 73,05 3 71,13 3 69,32 3 68,35 3 A02A ANTACIDS 2,23 1 2,22 1 2,20 1 2,30 1 A02AA Magnesium compounds 0,07 22 0,07 22 0,08 22 0,10 19 A02AA04 magnesium hydroxide 0,07 22 0,07 22 0,08 22 0,10 19 A02AD Combinations and complexes of aluminium, 2,17 0 2,15 0 2,12 0 2,20 0 calcium and magnesium compounds A02AD01 ordinary salt combinations 2,17 0 2,15 0 2,12 0 2,20 0 A02B DRUGS FOR PEPTIC ULCER AND 70,82 3 68,91 3 67,12 3 66,05 4 GASTRO-OESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE (GORD) A02BA H2-receptor antagonists 0,17 7 0,74 4 1,10 4 1,11 5 A02BA02 ranitidine 0,00 1 0,63 3 0,99 3 0,99 4 A02BA03 famotidine 0,16 7 0,11 8 0,11 10 0,12 9 A02BB Prostaglandins 0,04 62
    [Show full text]
  • Quality Use of Medicines in Residential Aged Care
    RESEARCH Quality use of medicines in Michael Somers residential aged care Ella Rose Dasha Simmonds Claire Whitelaw Janine Calver Christopher Beer Background Approximately 190 000 people in high risk of ADEs in frail older people. For example, Older people are more likely to be Australia were estimated to have anticholinergic drugs commonly produce adverse exposed to polypharmacy. People dementia in 2006, with the prevalence effects in elderly people and are more likely to be with dementia, especially those living expected to increase to 465 000 by 2031.1 prescribed to people with dementia than those in residential aged care facilities The prevalence of dementia increases without.7 (RACFs), are at particularly high risk of with age, from 6.5% of Australians aged Antipsychotic medications are commonly used medication harm. We sought to describe medications prescribed for a sample of 65 years and over to 22% of Australians to manage the behavioural and psychological 2 people with dementia living in RACFs. aged 85 years and over. Dementia is symptoms of dementia (BPSD), such as associated with a large burden of disease psychosis, depression, agitation, aggression Methods in Australia’s aging population, costing and disinhibition.1,8 There is concern that A total of 351 residents with dementia Australia $1.4 billion in 2003.2 Most of this antipsychotics are used too frequently as a aged over 65 years were recruited from 36 RACFs in Western Australia. burden was associated with residential first line treatment for BPSD, with the risks of 2 Data on all medications prescribed aged care facilities (RACFs). Dementia antipsychotic use outweighing the benefits at their were collected, including conventional is the medical problem most frequently likely level of use.8 For example, risperidone, an medications, herbal medications, managed by general practitioners atypical antipsychotic prescribed frequently for the vitamins and minerals.
    [Show full text]
  • Pharmacology on Your Palms CLASSIFICATION of the DRUGS
    Pharmacology on your palms CLASSIFICATION OF THE DRUGS DRUGS FROM DRUGS AFFECTING THE ORGANS CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DIFFERENT DRUGS AFFECTING THE NERVOUS SYSTEM AND TISSUES DRUGS PHARMACOLOGICAL GROUPS Drugs affecting peripheral Antitumor drugs Drugs affecting the cardiovascular Antimicrobial, antiviral, Drugs affecting the nervous system Antiallergic drugs system antiparasitic drugs central nervous system Drugs affecting the sensory Antidotes nerve endings Cardiac glycosides Antibiotics CNS DEPRESSANTS (AFFECTING THE Antihypertensive drugs Sulfonamides Analgesics (opioid, AFFERENT INNERVATION) Antianginal drugs Antituberculous drugs analgesics-antipyretics, Antiarrhythmic drugs Antihelminthic drugs NSAIDs) Local anaesthetics Antihyperlipidemic drugs Antifungal drugs Sedative and hypnotic Coating drugs Spasmolytics Antiviral drugs drugs Adsorbents Drugs affecting the excretory system Antimalarial drugs Tranquilizers Astringents Diuretics Antisyphilitic drugs Neuroleptics Expectorants Drugs affecting the hemopoietic system Antiseptics Anticonvulsants Irritant drugs Drugs affecting blood coagulation Disinfectants Antiparkinsonian drugs Drugs affecting peripheral Drugs affecting erythro- and leukopoiesis General anaesthetics neurotransmitter processes Drugs affecting the digestive system CNS STIMULANTS (AFFECTING THE Anorectic drugs Psychomotor stimulants EFFERENT PART OF THE Bitter stuffs. Drugs for replacement therapy Analeptics NERVOUS SYSTEM) Antiacid drugs Antidepressants Direct-acting-cholinomimetics Antiulcer drugs Nootropics (Cognitive
    [Show full text]
  • Dimethyl Fumarate Or Any of the Excipients of TECFIDERA Safely and Effectively
    HIGHLIGHTS OF PRESCRIBING INFORMATION ___________________ CONTRAINDICATIONS ___________________ These highlights do not include all the information needed to use Known hypersensitivity to dimethyl fumarate or any of the excipients of TECFIDERA safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for TECFIDERA. (4) TECFIDERA. _______________ _______________ WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS TECFIDERA® (dimethyl fumarate) delayed-release capsules, for oral use • Anaphylaxis and angioedema: Discontinue and do not restart TECFIDERA Initial U.S. Approval: 2013 if these occur. (5.1) • Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML): Withhold _________________ RECENT MAJOR CHANGES _________________ TECFIDERA at the first sign or symptom suggestive of PML. (5.2) Dosage and Administration, Blood Test Prior to • Lymphopenia: Obtain a CBC including lymphocyte count before initiating TECFIDERA, after 6 months, and every 6 to 12 months thereafter. Initiation of Therapy (2.2) 1/2017 9 Warnings and Precautions, PML (5.2) 2/2016 Consider interruption of TECFIDERA if lymphocyte counts <0.5 x 10 /L Warnings and Precautions, Liver Injury (5.4) 1/2017 persist for more than six months. (5.3) • Liver injury: Obtain serum aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and total bilirubin levels before initiating TECFIDERA and during treatment, __________________ INDICATIONS AND USAGE _________________ as clinically indicated. Discontinue TECFIDERA if clinically significant TECFIDERA is indicated for the treatment of patients with relapsing forms of liver injury induced by TECFIDERA is suspected. (5.4) multiple sclerosis (1) _______________ DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION ______________ ___________________ ADVERSE REACTIONS ___________________ • Starting dose: 120 mg twice a day, orally, for 7 days (2.1) Most common adverse reactions (incidence ≥10% and ≥2% placebo) were • Maintenance dose after 7 days: 240 mg twice a day, orally (2.1) flushing, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and nausea.
    [Show full text]
  • Workbook Psychiatry and Narcology
    Kharkiv National Medical University Department of Psychiatry, Narcology and Medical Psychology WORKBOOK MANUAL FOR INDIVIDUAL WORK FOR MEDICAL STUDENTS PSYCHIATRY AND NARCOLOGY (Part 2) Student ___________________________________________________________ Faculty _________________________________________________________ Course _________________ Group _____________________________________ Kharkiv 2019 Затверджено вченою радою ХНМУ Протокол №5 від 23.05.2019 р. Psychiatry (Part 2) : workbook manual for individual work of students / I. Strelnikova, G. Samardacova, К. Zelenska – Kharkiv, 2019. – 103 p. Копіювання для розповсюдження в будь-якому вигляді частин або повністю можливо тільки з дозволу авторів навчального посібника. CLASS 7. NEUROTIC DISORDERS. CLINICAL FORMS. TREATMENT AND REHABILITATION. POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER. TREATMENT AND REHABILITATION. Psychogenic diseases are a large and clinically varied group of diseases resulting from an effect of acute or long-term psychic traumas, which manifest themselves by both mental and somatoneurological disorders and, as a rule, are reversible. Psychogenic diseases are caused by a psychic trauma, i.e. some events which affect significant aspects of existence of the human being and result in deep psychological feelings. These may be subjectively significant events, i.e. those which are pathogenic for the majority of people. Besides, the psyche may be traumatized by conventionally pathogenic events, which cause feelings in an individual because of his peculiar hierarchy of values. Unfavorable psychogenic effects on the human being cause stress in him, i.e. a nonspecific reaction at the physiological, psychological and behavioural levels. Stress may exert some positive, mobilizing influence, but may result in disorganization of the organism activity. The stress, which exerts a negative influence and causes various disturbances and even diseases, is termed distress. Classification of neurotic disorders I.
    [Show full text]