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Survey of Insect Pests and Spiders Infesting Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Amal, E

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Survey of Insect Pests and Spiders Infesting Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Amal, E Egypt. J. Plant Prot. Res. Inst. (2019), 2 (2): 368 - 377 Egyptian Journal of Plant Protection Research Institute www.ejppri.eg.net Survey of insect pests and spiders infesting medicinal and aromatic plants Amal, E. Abo-Zaed; Hassan, M. I. and Mansour, A. M. Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt. ARTICLE INFO Absract: Article History Medicinal and aromatic plants have now become Received: 9 / 4 / 2019 the main source for medicines, seasonings, colorings , Accepted: 12 / 6 /2019 preservatives and represent the oldest and most _______________ widespread form of medication. This study was Keywords conducted on twenty five of the most important medicinal Survey, medicinal and and aromatic plants in two gardens Zoheria in Cairo and aromatic plants, insects, Orman in Giza Governorates. The results indicated that spiders and Egypt. presence of twenty four species of insect pests belongs to fourteen families and five orders. Moreover, eighteen species of spiders belong to nine families and one order (Araneae) were recorded. All these insect pests were presented in low to medium numbers causing moderate damage. From Zoheria garden the largest number of insect pests belonging to orders, Hemiptera, Thysanoptera and Lepidoptera were recorded on sweet marjoram, mints, Jasminum azoricum and rosemary. The dominant spider families recorded with largest number of species . These are : Philodromidae and Theridiidae on jasmine flower, lavender and night-blooming jasmine at Zoheria garden whereas, the same families was dominant on rose, rose geranium and chamomile at Orman garden. The dominant insect orders Hemiptera, Thysanoptera, Diptera and Lepidoptera were recorded on rose, sweet basil and calendula at Orman garden. Introduction According to the World Health variety of insect pests in a single crop. Organization, 80 percent of the Like other plants, medicinal plants too population of developing countries relies have to bear the devastating effects of on traditional plant based systems of injurious insect pests, which are not only medicine to provide them with primary harmful for the plant but also, deteriorate health care needs (Agarwal and the quality of the produce, thus Upadhyaya, 2006). The large scale hampering its medicinal value. The cultivation of these plants in countries majority of the pests caused in feeding may face the problem of sudden damage on reproductive or vegetative appearance of large populations of organs (those under Thysanoptera and 368 Abo-Zaed et al., 2019 Heteroptera, including the Thripidae, to record the insect pests and spiders Miridae, Pentatomidae and associated with important medicinal and Pseudococcidae families), whereas aromatic plants in countryside. others cause erosion or tunnels on heads Materials and methods (Noctuidae), leaves (beetles) or roots This work was conducted on (Elateridae) (Conti, 2003). El-Gendi medicinal and aromatic plants during (2007) in Egypt, recorded eighteen insect two successive years 2017 and 2018 in species on marjoram and chamomile. two locations, Zoheria garden in Cairo Nysus cymoides Schill, Nezara viridula and Orman garden in Giza Governorates L., Lygus gomellatus H.S., Nesidocoris in Table (1). Twenty five double strokes tenuis Reut., Bourletiella horttensis were randomly from medicinal and (Fitch), Empoasca decipiens Paoli, aromatic plants (twigs, leaves and Trupanea stellata Fuessly, Myzus flowers) from January to December. persicae (Sulz.) and Aphis gossypii Samples were collected in a polyethylene Glover were the main insect pests on bags and transferred to laboratory. To chamomile. Thirteen species of insect kill insects, piece of cotton moistened pests belong to eight families and five with chloroform put in each sample and orders were recorded on Calendula left for 15 minutes. The sample was plants. While twelve insect pests belong emptied in Petri dish and cleaned from to nine families under six orders were plant residues. Then it was examined recorded on chamomile plants under stereomicroscope to separate and (Solaiman, 2015). count the major insect pests. This True spiders are one of the most process was performed at weekly abundance predatory groups in terrestrial intervals throughout the entire period of ecosystems. Spiders have proved to be investigation. Specimens were mounted beneficial in regulation of agricultural for light microscopy according to the pests and their role as natural enemies procedure detailed by Kosztarab and has recently been more and more Kozár (1988). stressed (Ghabbour et al., 1999). The The spider individuals were presence of spiders on some ornamental collected biweekly during two hours plants in Egypt was studied at the first from (9-11) during summer and 10-12 in time by (Shereef et al., 1996); after that winter on fine silky traps, collected true (Rizk et al., 2012) studied the incidence spiders from branches, leaves and trunks of medicinal and ornamental plants in El- of different trees and bushes from 25 Fayoum Governorate. Ghallab (2013) medicinal and aromatic plants. The was collected one family of spider from spiders were isolated and counted in lantana and croton ornamental plants glasses individually and transferred in from Orman garden and the most the same day to the laboratory at the abundant families were Miturgidae, Plant Protection Research Institute for Philodromidae, Salticidae, Theridiidae counting and identification. The and Araneidae. Zoheria and Orman collected spiders were kept in small test gardens were the most harbored spider. tubes containing 70% ethyl alcohol. The The most dominant families' recorded necessary information (locality, host with the largest number of species were plant and date) was recorded by a pencil Salticidae, Gnaphosidae, Thridiidae and on a slip of paper attached to each Oonopidae (Hassan et al., 2016). specimen inside the tube for The information regarding the identification. The characteristics of occurrence of insect pests on medicinal families, genera and species were and aromatic plants of the state is scanty. examined using the related keys. In Hence the present study was undertaken contrast, some specimens were identified 369 Egypt. J. Plant Prot. Res. Inst. (2019), 2 (2): 368 - 377 just on the possible genus level. Kaston, 1978 and Jocqué and Dippenaar- Identification of specimens followed the Schoeman, 2007). descriptions of (Petrunkevitch, 1939; Table (1) : Common and scientific names of the medicinal and aromatic plants in Zoheria and Orman gardens: Medicinal and aromatic plants Garden name Common name Scientific names Aloevera Aloe vera (L.) Calotropis procera Calotropis procera (Aiton) Jasminum azoricum Jasminum azoricum L. Jasmine flower Jasminum sambac (L.) Aiton Jasmine shami Jasminum officinale L. Lavender Lavandula angustifolia Mill Mints Mentha spp. Zoheria garden Murraya Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack Myrtus Myrtus communis L. Night-blooming jasmine Cestrum nocturnum L. Pencil tree Euphorbia tirucalli L. Rosemary Rosmarinus officinalis L. Sweet marjoram Origanum majorana L. Vinca Catharanthus roseus (L.) G.Don. Calendula Calendula officinalis L. Carnation Dianthus caryophyllus Lim Chamomile Chamaemelum nobile (L.) Jasminum Jasminum grandiflorum L Marigold Tagetes erecta L. Orman Garden Mentha piperata Mentha piperata L. Neem Azadirachta indica Juss. Rose Rose spp Rose geranium Pelargonium graveolens L. Sweet basil Ocimum basilicum L. Thyme Thymus vulgaris L. 370 Abo-Zaed et al., 2019 Results and discussion and Theridion sp. Three families were representing by only a single individuals. A general survey was conducted on These were Dictynidae, Eutichuridae and twenty five medicinal and aromatic Uloboridae, members of the remaining plants at two gardens Zoheria in Cairo and Orman in Giza Governorates during families were found in few numbers. The two successive years 2017-2018. The obtained results are in harmony with that results indicated that presence of twenty detected by Rizk et al., 2012 and Hassan four species of insect pests belongs to et al., 2016. fourteen families and five orders. Moreover, eighteen species of spiders Also, the obtained results in Table belong to nine families and one order (2 and 3) indicated that sixteen insect (Araneae), were recorded in 2017 and species belonging to eight families and 2018 seasons (Tables, 2-5). four orders on fourteen medicinal and 1. Survey of insect pests and spiders aromatic plants. Members of Hemiptera, infesting medicinal and aromatic Thysanoptera and Lepidoptera were the plants at Zoheria garden in Cairo dominant insect families recorded 88, 52 Governorate: and 22 individuals, respectively . The highest numbers of their occurrence were The results in Tables (2 and 3) collected from sweet marjoram, mints, proved that fourteen true spiders Jasminum azoricum and rosemary belonging to seven families was recorded recorded 30, 26, 16 and 15 individuals, on fourteen medicinal and aromatic respectively. Hemiptera was presented plants (aloevera, calotropis procera, by five families: Aphididea, Jasminum azoricum, jasmine flower, Aleyrodidae, Cicadellidae, Diaspididae Jasmine shami, lavender, mints, and Monophlebidae. The most dominant murraya, myrtus, night-blooming, insect from family Monophlebidae is jasmine, pencil tree, rosemary, sweet Icerya aegyptiaca Douglas on aloevera marjoram and vinca). Members of and night-blooming jasmine; while the Philodromidae and Theridiidae were the highest percent of members of the family dominant spider families record 63 and Aphididae
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