1998. P. A. Selden (ed.). Proceedings of the 17th European Colloquium of Arachnology, Edinburgh 1997. Middle European Euophrys C. L. Koch, 1834 (Araneae: Salticidae)—one, two or three genera? Marek Z˙abka1 and Jerzy Prószyn´ski2 1 Zak´lad Zoologii WSRP 08–110 Siedlce, Poland 2Muzeum i Instytut Zoologii PAN, ul. Wilcza 64, 00–950 Warszawa, Poland Summary The genus Euophrys from Britain and Central Europe (excluding the Mediterranean) is redefined. Of seventeen species analysed, only E. frontalis (Walckenaer, 1802) and E. herbigrada (Simon, 1871) are proposed to represent Euophrys (sensu stricto). Genus Pseudeuophrys is reinstated to include four European species. Six species are listed in Talavera. The relationships between the three genera and their distribution are discussed. The status of three species has still to be clarified. Introduction subject of informal discussion for years, but in the majority of papers Euophrys is still the only Euophrys is one of the largest and yet one of genus considered. the most poorly known genera in the Salticidae. Logunov (1992) was the first to review the Prószyn´ski (1990) and Platnick (1993) listed position of some Palaearctic species. He sug- over 130 nominal species from Europe, Asia, gested limiting the genus Euophrys to the Africa, the Americas, and the Pacific islands. frontalis species group and excluding In its present sense, however, the genus is a E. erratica, E. lanigera and E. obsoleta. mixture of many groups of unrelated species, Logunov also transferred E. aequipes (O. P.- frequently included on the basis of small size Cambridge, 1871), E. monticola Kulczyn´ski, and some convergent similarities in genitalic 1884 and E. thorelli Kulczyn´ski, 1891 to pattern (coiled base of embolus, meandering Talavera. Recently two other species, spermophore, one-chambered and round or oval spermathecae)—characters which are quite E. petrensis C. L. Koch, 1837 and E. westringi (Simon, 1868), were excluded and added to the common in salticids and are found even in ˙ ˙ distantly related subfamilies/groups (Z˙abka, Talavera list (Zabka, 1997; Zabka & 1995). Kupryjanowicz, 1997). We are not yet able to draw general conclu- In 1912 F. Dahl erected the genus sions on the relationships between various Pseudeuophrys for E. erratica (Walckenaer, groups of “Euophrys” species: this will not be 1826) (= P. callida). Some authors (e.g. possible until the majority of the world’s species Tullgren, 1944) followed Dahl, but most of them are revised. For the time being, we can only con- did not accept his proposal. In 1997 Z˙abka centrate on local groups of species, such as the included E. obsoleta (Simon, 1868) in European fauna. Pseudeuophrys. Two other species, E. browningi According to recent Central European and (Millidge & Locket, 1955) and E. lanigera British catalogues, keys and local faunistic lists (Simon, 1871), are added here, browningi being (Merrett et al., 1985; Maurer & Hänggi, 1990; of unclear status. [Roewer (1954) was the first to Prószyn´ski, 1990, 1991; Gajdosˇ & Svatonˇ, 1993; transfer E. bimaculata (= E. lanigera) to Buchar & Ru˚zˇicˇka, 1995; Star˛ega, unpubl.), Pseudeuophrys.] The verified list of the three fourteen good salticid species are included in genera considered here will be given by Euophrys. Their generic status has been the Prószyn´ski (in prep.). 116 Proceedings of the 17th European Colloquium of Arachnology, Edinburgh 1997 Character Euophrys Pseudeuophrys Talavera body length (mm) 3–5 2.5–5 2.5–3 thorax much lighter then eye field – – + tibial apophysis present + + – bulbus ± as wide as long – + ± bulbus with posterior lobe + ± – distal haematodocha exposed + – + bulbus with anterior sclerite – ± + bulbus with anterior pocket – + – embolus base coiled + + ± spermathecae round or oval + – + spermathecae elongate – + – insemination ducts narrow ± ± + Table 1: Comparison of characters of Central European and British species of Euophrys, Pseudeuophrys and Talavera. Central European and British species listed Genus Pseudeuophrys Dahl, 1912 hitherto in Euophrys, after Prószyn´ski (1990) and Platnick (1993): 1. P. browningi (Millidge & Locket, 1955) (= P. obsoleta?) 1. E. aequipes (O. P.-Cambridge, 1871) 2. P. erratica (Walckenaer, 1826) 2. E. aperta Miller, 1971 3. P. lanigera (Simon, 1871) 3. E. browningi Millidge & Locket, 1955 4. P. obsoleta (Simon, 1868) 4. E. erratica (Walckenaer, 1826) 5. E. frontalis (Walckenaer, 1802) Genus Talavera Peckham & Peckham, 1909 6. E. herbigrada (Simon, 1871) 1. T. aequipes (O. P.-Cambridge, 1871) 7. E. lanigera (Simon, 1871) 2. T. monticola (Kulczyn´ski, 1884) 8. E. milleri Brignoli, 1983 3. T. petrensis (C. L. Koch, 1837) 9. E. molesta O. P.-Cambridge, 1912 4. T. thorelli (Kulczyn´ski, 1891) 10. E. monticola Kulczyn´ski, 1884 5. T. westringi (Simon, 1868) 11. E. obsoleta (Simon, 1868) 12. E. petrensis C. L. Koch, 1837 13. E. thorelli Kulczyn´ski, 1891 Genus Euophrys C. L. Koch, 1834 14. E. westringi (Simon, 1868) Euophrys C. L. Koch, 1834: 7–8. Logunov E. aperta Miller, 1971 = Talavera monticola et al., 1993: 101–124. (Kulczyn´ski, 1884) Type species: Aranea frontalis Walckenaer, E. milleri Brignoli, 1983—probably Talavera 1802. but type specimens are not available Diagnosis: Spiders 3–5 mm long. Thorax as E. molesta O. P.-Cambridge, 1912—probably dark as eye field or only slightly lighter. E. herbigrada (Simon, 1971) Abdomen with light mosaic pattern on dark grey background. Male palpal tibia with thin and long Proposed taxonomic status of Central apophysis, bulbus much longer than wide and European and British species listed hitherto with posterior lobe, spermophore meandering, in Euophrys, doubtful species excluded: embolus base coiled and set on distal haematodocha, spermathecae oval or round. Genus Euophrys C. L. Koch, 1834 Selected bibliography: Galiano, 1962; Wanless, 1975; Z˙abka, 1980; Prószyn´ski, 1991; 1. E. frontalis (Walckenaer, 1802) Logunov, 1992; Logunov et al., 1993; Peng 2. E. herbigrada (Simon, 1871) et al., 1993; Ikeda, 1996; Z˙abka, 1997. Z˙abka and Prószyn´ski: European Euophrys—one, two or three genera? 117 tibial apophysis (ta) + tibial apophysis (ta) + bulbus narrow + bulbus wide + tibial apophysis – pl bp distal haematodocha (dh) + posterior bulbus lobe ( ) + bulbus pocket ( ) + embolus base coiled ± distal haematodocha (dh) + distal haematodocha + as embolus base coiled + embolus base coiled + anterior sclerite ( ) + Fig. 1: Comparison of male characters of Euophrys, Pseudeuophrys and Talavera, based on type species. 118 Proceedings of the 17th European Colloquium of Arachnology, Edinburgh 1997 Fig. 2: Comparison of female characters of Euophrys, Pseudeuophrys and Talavera, based on type species. Z˙abka and Prószyn´ski: European Euophrys—one, two or three genera? 119 Genus Pseudeuophrys Dahl, 1912 Oriental, Afrotropical and Neotropical regions, though precise species numbers and their distri- Pseudeuophrys Dahl, 1912: 387, 589. bution requires comprehensive study. So far, Type species: Attus erraticus Walckenaer, frontalis seems the only obvious species group 1826. to represent Euophrys and is mostly found in Diagnosis: Spiders 2.5–5 mm long. Abdomen eastern Palaearctic. with mosaic of light spots on dark background. Of nine Talavera species, only one is known Bulbus wider than in Euophrys (as wide as from North America, from both lowland and long), with anterior pocket, posterior lobe less mountain localities. Others are of Palaearctic distinctive than in Euophrys or missing. Distal distribution. Logunov (1992) stated Talavera to haematodocha not as distinctive as in Euophrys be a boreo-montane genus, although Talavera is and Talavera. Embolus long and massive, coiled really found mostly in mountains, peat bogs and at its base. Tibial apophysis wider than in tundra-like habitats. T. aequipes (showing inter- Euophrys. Spermathecae elongate, in some mediate morphological characters) also occurs species constricted. in dry and sunny places all over Europe and Selected bibliography: Bohdanowicz & from many localities in Asia. T. monticola, Prószyn´ski, 1987; Matsuda, 1991; Prószyn´ski, which was believed to be exclusively montane, 1991; Logunov, 1992; Logunov et al., 1993; has also been discovered in lowland habitats Peng et al., 1993; Ikeda, 1996; Z˙abka, 1997. (Z˙abka, 1997; Hajdamowicz, in prep.). The genus Pseudeuophrys is now represented Genus Talavera Peckham & Peckham, 1909 by five Palaearctic species: P. lanigera and P. iwatensis comb. nov. being found in its Talavera Peckham & Peckham, 1909: 378. western and eastern parts, respectively, and Logunov, 1992: 75–82. P. erratica and P. obsoleta of wider distribution Type species: Icius minutus Banks, 1895. (Matsuda, 1991; Logunov et al., 1993). As men- Diagnosis: Body length 2.5–3 mm. Thorax tioned above, P. browningi may be a synonym of distinctly lighter than eye field. Tibial apophysis P. obsoleta. missing. Bulbus massive, bag-like, with anterior sclerite. Embolus shorter than in Euophrys and Pseudeuophrys, set at the top of large distal Acknowledgements haematodocha. Selected bibliography: Prószyn´ski, 1991; Professor H. W. Levi (Cambridge, USA), Logunov, 1992; Logunov et al., 1993; Dr P. Merrett (Dorset, UK) and Mr P. Harvey Wunderlich, 1993; Ikeda, 1996; Z˙abka, 1997; (Essex, UK) provided comparative specimens of Z˙abka & Kupryjanowicz, 1997. Talavera and Pseudeuophrys. Dr D. V. Logunov (Novosibirsk, Russia) is acknowledged for fruit- ful discussions and suggestions over the years of Remarks on distribution and relationships our co-operation. The morphological