DOCSLIB.ORG

The University of Hull

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The University of Hull THE UNIVERSITY OF HULL Ecological implications of introducing Leucaspius delineatus (Heckel, 1843) and Pseudorasbora parva (Temminck and Schlegel, 1842) into inland waters in England Being a Thesis submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Hull, United Kingdom by Kathleen Beyer M.Sc. (Aquatic Tropical Ecology), University of Bremen, Germany, 2002 May 2008 i In Gedenken an meinen wundervollen Opa, der nie aufgehoert hat, sich Wissen anzueignen und von dem ich sehr viel gelernt habe. Kurt Kramer Du kannst Tränen vergießen, weil er gegangen ist. Oder Du kannst lächeln, weil er gelebt hat. Du kannst die Augen schließen und Beten, dass er wiederkehrt. Oder Du kannst die Augen öffnen und all das sehen, was er hinterlassen hat. (VerfasserIn unbekannt) ii Widmung Diese Doktorarbeit widme ich meinen Eltern, Hannelore und Reinhard Beyer, für ihre stete Unterstuetzung in allen Lebenslagen. Dedication I dedicate this doctoral dissertation to my parents, Hannelore and Reinhard Beyer, for their constant support in all my endeavours. iii ‘’All animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others.’’ George Orwell, Animal Farm, 1951 iv Acknowledgements A large number of people have crossed my way throughout the PhD and have encouraged and inspired me. They all helped with the success of this work in one way or the other. It is impossible to mention everyone here, but I am indebted to you all! With much gratitude I thank Dr Rodolphe Gozlan (Rudy), my day-to-day supervisor, whose enthusiasm and relentless support gave me much motivation every single day. With much appreciation, I would like to thank my supervisor Dr Gordon Copp for his tireless support and advice throughout my PhD. Thank you for always being there to help, for answering my questions and for correcting my English. Many thanks to Professor Ian Cowx for his much appreciated advice and valuable recommendations throughout. Thank you to Dr Steve Feist and Dr Matt Longshaw for their support with anything regarding parasites. Thank you to all for your efforts in securing funding for this project, for sharing your knowledge with me and for accepting me as a scientist. Thank you to all of you for meticulously reading through the numerous thesis drafts and for your advice on their improvement. I hope we can work together in the future. A big thank you goes to the Fish Ecology Group at the Centre for Ecology and Hydrology in Dorset. Thank you to Adrian Pinder, Dr Anton Ibbotson, Bill Beaumont, Luke Scott and Rudy for welcoming me in the ‘Fish Team’. I couldn’t have done this without your support! Thank you to the many people who were indispensable in the field and the laboratory. These people played a great part in the success of this project: Alexander Lawrence, Angel Ferrero Serrano, Brenda Asmus, Dörte Beyer, Francois Dubusse, James Coombes, Jennifer Nightingale, Julie Monroux, Lisa Allen, Sarah Warriss and Saulius Stakenas. Particular gratitude goes to Alastair Cook for his invaluable help with much of the field work. Many thanks go to Judith Wardlaw for her support and the coordination of students at CEH Dorset. Many thanks to Jon Bass for help and advice on invertebrate identification. Thank you to Danuta Kochanowska for guidance on parasitological investigations in fish. Many thanks to Adrian Pinder for his advice on larval fish identification. Thank you also to Dr Rafael Miranda, for inspiring a new idea for a new manuscript that has become a publication. Thank you to the anonymous referees who gave advice on how to improve manuscripts that have now been published. Thank you to Dr Michael G. Fox for supplying the Excel macro for the life history calculations. Thank you to Steve Borgatti and Malcolm Baptie for their advice in the use of UCINET and social network analysis. Thanks to the numerous fishery-, land- and water-owners who granted me access to the various field sites. The staff of the Environment Agency were invaluable for their rapid response to grant me the necessary fishing licences and advising on site access. Thank you to the Eastleigh District Angling Club, Revels Fishery, specifically to Paul Martin, Robin and Maureen Lawres and Mark Stollery for being so helpful and for granting me access to ‘my’ fisheries at odd times. Thanks to all the friends that have been there one way or the other, I couldn’t have done it without you! Thank you to Alison Poole, Beth Mott, Bob Muscarella, Carmen Feil, Demetra Andreou, Helen Palmer, Helen Vincent, v Jennifer Selgrath, Jill Ashton, Johnny Stornante, Jon Stacey, Judith Ambros, Mike Bowes, Morag McCracken, Nicola Gammans, Wendy Knerr, and Zoe Randle. Special thanks go to Dörte Beyer and Tim Lüdrichsen for their support, and to Jude for the many years of friendship. I am indebted to Morag and Mike, who gave me a home during the final and crucial stages of completion of this PhD thesis. Thanks also to their dog Meg for keeping me company during this time. Thanks to the ‘Horns of Plenty’ for the music. My deepest appreciation goes to my family, particularly to my parents, Hannelore and Reinhard Beyer, for their relentless support throughout all my endeavours. Thank you to my sister, Dörte, for always being there for me. Thank you to all my family for believing in me and for enabling me to choose my way in life. I am grateful to the U.K. Department of Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) for their sponsorship. Thank you to the Centre for Ecology and Hydrology in Dorset for hosting me, and a special thank you to all the staff that have assisted me over the years. Finally I would like to thank Dr Rob Britton and Dr Jon Harvey, my PhD examiners, for their time and the advice they have provided to improve this final document. vi Abstract Non-native species invasions threaten the structure, function and biodiversity of ecosystems worldwide, and those of non-native fishes pose amongst the greatest threats to inland waters of the U.K. This PhD investigated the establishment, dispersal and ecological implications of introducing the two non-native fish species, sunbleak Leucaspius delineatus (Heckel, 1843) and topmouth gudgeon Pseudorasbora parva (Temminck and Schlegel, 1842) to inland waters of England. The introduction and initial dispersal of both species can be attributed to the commercial fish trade. Species-specific variability of life history, growth and morphological traits was examined in sunbleak (12 sites) and topmouth gudgeon (3 sites) to assess their role in establishment success. The drift dynamics, i.e. timing and intensity (propagule pressure), of sunbleak and topmouth gudgeon were assessed for source populations to determine dispersal potential. Potential risks for native species posed by these two alien cyprinids were assessed with respect to the parasite fauna and overlaps in resource use. For sunbleak, these were also examined in terms of social integration of this species into a native fish assemblage. Biological resistance to topmouth gudgeon invasion was evaluated by stomach flushing and gut content analysis of native piscivorous fishes. Inter-population variability in life histories and morphological characters were observed in both sunbleak and topmouth gudgeon. Populations of both species matured at small body sizes and between the ages 1 and 2. The fish were of good body condition and exhibited high reproductive investment. In both species, dispersal from source waters followed a diel pattern, with higher rates at night than during the day (e.g. maximum drift densities during May of 2004 and 2005: 9-10 sunbleak per 1000 m-3 at about 23:00 hrs; 40-52 topmouth gudgeon per 1000 m-3 at about 05:00 hrs). Downstream of one source population, microhabitat use of topmouth gudgeon was found to overlap with native species (brown trout Salmo trutta L., European chub Leuciscus cephalus (L.), bullhead Cottus gobio L., stoneloach Barbatula barbatula (L.); both brown trout and chub were observed to prey on topmouth gudgeon. However, predation intensity may be density-dependent and of insufficient level to impede topmouth gudgeon establishment, which was facilitated in the receiving stream by the consistent propagule pressure from on-line source populations. Sunbleak diet and microhabitat use also overlapped with native species (roach Rutilus rutilus (L.) and common bream Abramis brama (L.)) as young larvae, but this decreased with age. Social network analysis of sunbleak-native species interactions revealed that sunbleak creates significantly stronger social bonds with the native species than do natives amongst themselves. No macro-parasites were found in topmouth gudgeon, but two ‘Category II’ non-native parasites Neoergasilus japonicus (Harada, 1930) and Ergasilus briani (Markewitsch, 1932) were found in some populations of sunbleak. The potential for sunbleak to spread beyond their current distribution in England and the species’ social integration behaviour may facilitate the dispersal of these parasites, which may spread faster among communities invaded by sunbleak than in those where this non-native species is absent. The results of this PhD study are discussed within their wider context and their relevance to non-native species risk analysis and management. vii Table of Contents Acknowledgements ............................................................................................. v Abstract ............................................................................................................. vii Table of Contents ............................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Diversity and Length-Weight Relationships of Blenniid Species (Actinopterygii, Blenniidae) from Mediterranean Brackish Waters in Turkey
    EISSN 2602-473X AQUATIC SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING Aquat Sci Eng 2019; 34(3): 96-102 • DOI: https://doi.org/10.26650/ASE2019573052 Research Article Diversity and Length-Weight relationships of Blenniid Species (Actinopterygii, Blenniidae) from Mediterranean Brackish Waters in Turkey Deniz İnnal1 Cite this article as: Innal, D. (2019). Diversity and length-weight relationships of Blenniid Species (Actinopterygii, Blenniidae) from Mediterranean Brackish Waters in Turkey. Aquatic Sciences and Engineering, 34(3), 96-102. ABSTRACT This study aims to determine the species composition and range of Mediterranean Blennies (Ac- tinopterygii, Blenniidae) occurring in river estuaries and lagoon systems of the Mediterranean coast of Turkey, and to characterise the length–weight relationship of the specimens. A total of 15 sites were surveyed from November 2014 to June 2017. A total of 210 individuals representing 3 fish species (Rusty blenny-Parablennius sanguinolentus, Freshwater blenny-Salaria fluviatilis and Peacock blenny-Salaria pavo) were sampled from five (Beşgöz Creek Estuary, Manavgat River Es- tuary, Karpuzçay Creek Estuary, Köyceğiz Lagoon Lake and Beymelek Lagoon Lake) of the locali- ties investigated. The high juvenile densities of S. fluviatilis in Karpuzçay Creek Estuary and P. sanguinolentus in Beşgöz Creek Estuary were observed. Various threat factors were observed in five different native habitats of Blenny species. The threats on the habitat and the population of the species include the introduction of exotic species, water ORCID IDs of the authors: pollution, and more importantly, the destruction of habitats. Five non-indigenous species (Prus- D.İ.: 0000-0002-1686-0959 sian carp-Carassius gibelio, Eastern mosquitofish-Gambusia holbrooki, Redbelly tilapia-Copt- 1Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy odon zillii, Stone moroko-Pseudorasbora parva and Rainbow trout-Oncorhynchus mykiss) were University, Department of Biology, observed in the sampling sites.
    [Show full text]
  • North and Mid Somerset CFMP
    ` Parrett Catchment Flood Management Plan Consultation Draft (v5) (March 2008) We are the Environment Agency. It’s our job to look after your environment and make it a better place – for you, and for future generations. Your environment is the air you breathe, the water you drink and the ground you walk on. Working with business, Government and society as a whole, we are making your environment cleaner and healthier. The Environment Agency. Out there, making your environment a better place. Published by: Environment Agency Rio House Waterside Drive, Aztec West Almondsbury, Bristol BS32 4UD Tel: 01454 624400 Fax: 01454 624409 © Environment Agency March 2008 All rights reserved. This document may be reproduced with prior permission of the Environment Agency. Environment Agency Parrett Catchment Flood Management Plan – Consultation Draft (Mar 2008) Document issue history ISSUE BOX Issue date Version Status Revisions Originated Checked Approved Issued to by by by 15 Nov 07 1 Draft JM/JK/JT JM KT/RR 13 Dec 07 2 Draft v2 Response to JM/JK/JT JM/KT KT/RR Regional QRP 4 Feb 08 3 Draft v3 Action Plan JM/JK/JT JM KT/RR & Other Revisions 12 Feb 08 4 Draft v4 Minor JM JM KT/RR Revisions 20 Mar 08 5 Draft v5 Minor JM/JK/JT JM/KT Public consultation Revisions Consultation Contact details The Parrett CFMP will be reviewed within the next 5 to 6 years. Any comments collated during this period will be considered at the time of review. Any comments should be addressed to: Ken Tatem Regional strategic and Development Planning Environment Agency Rivers House East Quay Bridgwater Somerset TA6 4YS or send an email to: [email protected] Environment Agency Parrett Catchment Flood Management Plan – Consultation Draft (Mar 2008) Foreword Parrett DRAFT Catchment Flood Management Plan I am pleased to introduce the draft Parrett Catchment Flood Management Plan (CFMP).
    [Show full text]
  • Levels and Moors 20 Year Action Plan: Online Engagement Responses
    Levels and Moors 20 Year Action Plan: Online Engagement Responses We have had an excellent response to our request for your ideas – between the 13 th and 21 st February a total of 224 individuals responded on-line and a few by email. All of these ideas have been passed to the people writing the plan for their consideration and we have collated them into a single, document for your information – please note this document is in excess of 80 pages long! Disclaimer The views and ideas expressed in this document are presented exactly as written by members of the public and do not necessarily reflect the views of the council or its partners. Redactions have been made to protect personal information (where this was shared); to omit opinions expressed about individuals; and to omit any direct advertising. Theme: Dredging and River Management The ideas we shared with you: • Dredging the Parrett and Tone during 2014 and maintain them into the future to maximise river capacity and flow. • Maintain critical watercourses to ensure appropriate levels of drainage, including embankment raising and strengthening, and dredging at the right scale to keep water moving on the Levels, but not damaging the wildlife rich wetlands. • Increase the flow in the Sowy River. • Construct a tidal exclusion sluice on the River Parrett as already exists on other rivers in Somerset. • Restore the natural course of rivers. • Use the existing water management infrastructure better by spreading flood water more appropriately when it reaches the floodplain. • Flood defences for individual communities, for instance place an earth bund around Moorland and/or Muchelney, (maybe using the dredged material).
    [Show full text]
  • Bridgwater Tidal Barrier Appraisal Hydraulic Modelling
    REPORT Bridgwater Tidal Barrier Appraisal Hydraulic Modelling Prepared for Environment Agency November 2019 Rev: P03 Ref: ENVIMSW002039-CH2-FEV-SW-RP-HY-00105 CH2M HILL Burderop Park Swindon SN4 0QD 1 Contents Section Page Acronyms and Abbreviations ....................................................................................................... ix Background ................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Project need .................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Purpose of report .......................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Objectives ..................................................................................................................... 3 1.4 Scope ............................................................................................................................. 3 Approach .................................................................................................................................... 5 2.1 Existing models ............................................................................................................. 6 2.2 Model updates .............................................................................................................. 8 2.2.1 Downstream extension .................................................................................... 8 2.2.2
    [Show full text]
  • An Assessment of Exotic Species in the Tonle Sap Biosphere Reserve
    AN ASSESSMENT OF EXOTIC SPECIES IN THE TONLE SAP BIOSPHERE RESERVE AND ASSOCIATED THREATS TO BIODIVERSITY A RESOURCE DOCUMENT FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES December 2006 Robert van Zalinge (compiler) This publication is a technical output of the UNDP/GEF-funded Tonle Sap Conservation Project Executive Summary Introduction This report is mainly a literature review. It attempts to put together all the available information from recent biological surveys, and environmental and resource use studies in the Tonle Sap Biosphere Reserve (TSBR) in order to assess the status of exotic species and report any information on their abundance, distribution and impact. For those exotic species found in the TSBR, it is examined whether they can be termed as being an invasive alien species (IAS). IAS are exotic species that pose a threat to native ecosystems, economies and/or human health. It is widely believed that IAS are the second most significant threat to biodiversity worldwide, following habitat destruction. In recognition of the threat posed by IAS the Convention on Biological Diversity puts forward the following strategy to all parties in Article 8h: “each contracting party shall as far as possible and as appropriate: prevent the introduction of, control, or eradicate those alien species which threaten ecosystems, habitats or species”. The National Assembly of Cambodia ratified the Convention on Biological Diversity in 1995. After reviewing the status of exotic species in the Tonle Sap from the literature, as well as the results from a survey based on questionnaires distributed among local communities, the main issues are discussed, possible strategies to combat the spread of alien species that are potentially invasive are examined, and recommendations are made to facilitate the implementation of a strategy towards reducing the impact of these species on the TSBR ecosystem.
    [Show full text]
  • Summary of Temperature Metrics for Aquatic Invasive Fish Species in the Prairie Region
    Summary of Temperature Metrics for Aquatic Invasive Fish Species in the Prairie Region Theresa E. Mackey, Caleb T. Hasler, and Eva C. Enders Fisheries and Oceans Canada Ecosystems and Oceans Science Central and Arctic Region Freshwater Institute Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6 2019 Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 3308 1 Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Technical reports contain scientific and technical information that contributes to existing knowledge but which is not normally appropriate for primary literature. Technical reports are directed primarily toward a worldwide audience and have an international distribution. No restriction is placed on subject matter and the series reflects the broad interests and policies of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, namely, fisheries and aquatic sciences. Technical reports may be cited as full publications. The correct citation appears above the abstract of each report. Each report is abstracted in the data base Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts. Technical reports are produced regionally but are numbered nationally. Requests for individual reports will be filled by the issuing establishment listed on the front cover and title page. Numbers 1-456 in this series were issued as Technical Reports of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada. Numbers 457-714 were issued as Department of the Environment, Fisheries and Marine Service, Research and Development Directorate Technical Reports. Numbers 715-924 were issued as Department of Fisheries and Environment, Fisheries and Marine Service Technical Reports. The current series name was changed with report number 925. Rapport technique canadien des sciences halieutiques et aquatiques Les rapports techniques contiennent des renseignements scientifiques et techniques qui constituent une contribution aux connaissances actuelles, mais qui ne sont pas normalement appropriés pour la publication dans un journal scientifique.
    [Show full text]
  • Flood Risk Management Review Figure 4 Wider Area
    305000 310000 315000 320000 325000 330000 335000 340000 345000 350000 355000 360000 Note: The limits, including the height and depths of the Works, shown in this drawing are not to be taken as limiting the obligations of the contractor under Contract. Reproduced by permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of HMSO. 0 0 Bridgwater Bay / Bristol Channel / Severn Estuary © Crown copyright and database rights 2014. 0 5 Ordnance Survey Licence number 100026380 6 1 · Severn Estuary European Marine Site (Severn Estuary/Môr Brean Down Site of Special Scientific Hafren Special Area of Conservation [SAC], Severn Estuary Legend: Interest [SSSI] Special Protection Area [SPA], Severn Estuary RAMSAR Site) Relevant Main · Bridgwater Bay Site of Special Scientific Interest [SSSI] and Watercourses National Nature Reserve [NNR] · High tidal range Somerset Levels and 0 0 · High sediment load 0 Moors (Adjacent to 0 6 · Navigation 1 River Parrett, River · Fishing Weston - super - Mare Sewage Treatment Works (Wessex Water) Tone and King's ST 300 467 Sedgemoor Drain) Boundaries Indicative possible Bridgwater Bay Lagoon location. River Parrett estuary - part of the Statutory 0 Bridgwater Bay 0 Port of Bridgwater, dredged channel 0 5 lagoon 5 1 provides navigation to Bridgwater Hinkley Point power stations intake / outfall M5 Motorway Highbridge and Burnham-on-Sea · Recreational boating A38 0 0 0 0 5 Railway 1 Refer to insert plan Figure 5 Hinkley Point power stations 0 0 Steart Marshes coastal 0 5 4 1 realignment scheme Huntspill River outlet Combwich · Combwich
    [Show full text]
  • GIZ-2015-Implementing-WFD-ICR
    Implementing the EU Water Framework Directive in South-Eastern Europe Initial Characterisation of Lakes Prespa, Ohrid and Shkodra/Skadar Published by In cooperation with Place partner logos here if ap- Otherwise delete these boxes plicable and prefix. Font: Bundes Serif Office Imprint Published by the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH Registered offices Bonn and Eschborn, Germany Conservation and Sustainable Use of Biodiversity at Lakes Prespa, Ohrid and Shkodra/Skadar (CSBL) Rruga Skenderbej Pallati 6, Ap. 1/3 Tirana, Albania T +355 42 258 650 F +355 42 251 792 www.giz.de As at November 2015 Printed by Pegi Sh.p.k. Lundër, Tiranë Design and layout XY Address Photo credits Jutta Benzenberg (2, 4, 6, 14, 16), Nikoleta Bogatinovska (13), Hoger Densky (11), Sead Hadžiablahović (3, 5) Dushica Ilik-Boeva (18) , Manjola Lala (7, 19), Danilo Mrdak (8), Jelena Peruničić (1), Ralf Peveling (9, 10, 17), Elizabeta Veljanoska-Sarafiloska (12, 15) Text Emirjeta Adhami, Ariola Bacu, Sajmir Beqiraj, Holger Densky, Zorica Djuranović, Pavle Djurašković, Dafina Gusheska, Sead Hadžiablahović, Dushica Ilik-Boeva, Aleksandar Ivanovski, Lefter Kashta, Ermira Koçu (Deçka), Goce Kostoski, Lence Lokoska, Ylber Mirta, Danilo Mrdak, Arian Palluqi, Arben Pambuku, Bill Parr, Suzana Patceva, Ana Pavićević, Jelena Peruničić, Ralf Peveling, Michael Pietrock, Marash Rakaj, Jelena Rakočević, Vjola Saliaga, Elizabeta Veljanoska-Sarafiloska, Zoran Spirkovski, Spase Shumka, Marina Talevska, Trajche Talevski, Orhideja Tasevska, Sonja Trajanovska, Sasho Trajanovski Editorial Board Ralf Peveling, Uwe Brämick, Holger Densky, Bill Parr, Michael Pietrock GIZ is responsible for this publication. On behalf of the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) Acknowledgements This publication is the result of a joint effort of ministries, competent authorities, research institutions and experts of Albania, Macedonia and Montenegro to characterise the three lake sub-basins jointly and pursuant to the EU Water Framework Directive.
    [Show full text]
  • Contract Leads Powered by EARLY PLANNING Projects in Planning up to Detailed Plans Submitted
    Contract Leads Powered by EARLY PLANNING Projects in planning up to detailed plans submitted. PLANS APPROVED Projects where the detailed plans have been approved but are still at pre-tender stage. TENDERS Projects that are at the tender stage CONTRACTS Approved projects at main contract awarded stage. Plans Granted for 48 houses & 24 flats Job: Detail Plans Granted for cold storage Developer: Apex Design, 54 - 56 High Construction, Durhamgate, Green Lane, Suite Zest Energy Solutions Ltd, 9 Station Road, DONCASTER £0.8M Plans Submitted for warehouse (extension) Client: Lateral Property Group & building Client: Hexcel Corporation Pavement, Nottingham, NG1 1HW Tel: 0115 1, Spennymoor, County Durham, DL16 6FY Tel: Knowle, Solihull, West Midlands, B93 0HL Crossfield Lane and Skellow Client: Bolling Investments Ltd Agent: MIDLANDS/ Saint-Gobain Building Distribution Ltd Agent: Developer: Holt Architectural, Brambly 9508400 01388 813335 Contractor: Lark Energy Ltd, Spitfire Park, Planning authority: Doncaster Job: Detailed Hadfield Cawkwell Davidson, 13 Broomgrove MPSL Planning & Design Ltd, Commercial Hedge, Dereham Road, Colkirk, Fakenham, SOLIHULL £0.75M CAMBRIDGE £1.4M Northfield Road, Market Deeping, Plans Submitted for 16 flats (alterations) Road, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S10 2LZ Tel: EAST ANGLIA House, 14 West Point Enterprise Park, Norfolk, NR21 7NQ Tel: 0844 800 3644 Tanworth & Camp Hill Cricket C, 174 Former Hilltop Day Centre, Primrose Peterborough, Cambridgeshire, PE6 8GY Tel: Client: St Leger Homes Doncaster Agent: St 0114 266
    [Show full text]
  • Taunton Deane Landscape Character Assessment – Report 1 Taunton Deane Landscape Character Assessment
    Taunton Deane Landscape Character Assessment – Report 1 Taunton Deane Landscape Character Assessment Introduction....................................................................................................................................... 3 Background and Context ...................................................................................................3 Landscape Character Assessment ................................................................................................. 8 Landscape Type 1: Farmed and Settled Low Vale....................................................................... 25 Character Area 1A: Vale of Taunton Deane ....................................................................25 Landscape Type 2: River Floodplain ............................................................................................ 37 Character Area 2A: The Tone..........................................................................................37 Landscape Type 3: Farmed and Settled High Vale...................................................................... 45 Character Area 3A: Quantock Fringes and West Vale.....................................................46 Character Area 3B: Blackdown Fringes ...........................................................................47 Landscape Type 4: Farmed and Wooded Lias Vale .................................................................... 55 Character Area 4A: Fivehead Vale ..................................................................................55
    [Show full text]
  • Initial Characterisation of Lakes Prespa, Ohrid and Shkodra/Skadar Implementing the EU Water Framework Directive in South-Eastern Europe
    Initial Characterisation of Lakes Prespa, Ohrid and Shkodra/Skadar Implementing the EU Water Framework Directive in South-Eastern Europe Implementing the EU Water Framework Directive in South-Eastern Europe i Acknowledgements This publication is the result of a joint effort of ministries, competent authorities, research institutions and experts of Albania, Macedonia and Montenegro to characterise the three lake sub-basins jointly and pursuant to the EU Water Framework Directive. This endeavour, which involved the pooling of expertise from all three countries, was pursued with determination and in a spirit of cooperation at all levels: political, technical and administrative. All parties and persons involved are acknowledged for their contribution to this work. Disclaimer This publication has been prepared from original material submitted by the authors. Every effort was made to ensure that this document remains faithful to that material while responsibility for the accuracy of information presented remains solely with the authors. However, the views expressed do not necessarily reflect those of GIZ, the Governments of Albania, Macedonia and Montenegro, nor the national competent authorities in charge of implementing the EU Water Framework Directive. The use of particular designations of water bodies does not imply any judgement by the publisher, the GIZ, as to the legal status of such water bodies, of their authorities and institutions or of the delimitation of their boundaries. ii Initial Characterisation of Lakes Prespa, Ohrid and Shkodra/Skadar
    [Show full text]
  • Part 1 - River Brue and Tidal Sections of the Rivers Parrett and Tone
    Opportunities for further dredging in Somerset Part 1 - River Brue and tidal sections of the Rivers Parrett and Tone MCR5576-RT001-R03-00 October 2016 Opportunities for further dredging in Somerset Part 1 - River Brue and tidal sections of the Rivers Parrett and Tone Document information Document permissions Confidential - client Project number MCR5576 Project name Opportunities for further dredging in Somerset Report title Part 1 - River Brue and tidal sections of the Rivers Parrett and Tone Report number RT001 Release number R03-00 Report date October 2016 Client Somerset Rivers Authority (SRA) Client representative Iain Sturdy and Nick Stevens Project manager David Ramsbottom Project director Mark Lee Document history Date Release Prepared Approved Authorised Notes 27 Oct 2016 03-00 DMR DSM DMR Addition of changes requested by the SRA 07 Jul 2016 02-00 DMR MWL DMR Final version taking account of comments from the SRA 06 May 2016 01-00 DSM DMR DMR Document authorisation Prepared Approved Authorised © HR Wallingford Ltd This report has been prepared for HR Wallingford’s client and not for any other person. Only our client should rely upon the contents of this report and any methods or results which are contained within it and then only for the purposes for which the report was originally prepared. We accept no liability for any loss or damage suffered by any person who has relied on the contents of this report, other than our client. This report may contain material or information obtained from other people. We accept no liability for any loss or damage suffered by any person, including our client, as a result of any error or inaccuracy in third party material or information which is included within this report.
    [Show full text]