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University Microfilms International 300 N.Zaob Road Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 INFORMATION TO USERS This reproduction was made from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. While the most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this document, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help clarify markings or notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1.Thc sign or “target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is “Missing Pagc(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing pagc(s) or section, they arc spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting through an image and duplicating adjacent pages to assure complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a round black mark, it is an indication of either blurred copy because of movement during exposure, duplicate copy, or copyrighted materials that should not have been filmed. For blurred pages, a good image of the page con be found in the adjacent frame. If copyrighted materials were deleted, a target note will appear listing the pages in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., is part of the material being photographed, a definite method of “sectioning” the material has been followed. It is customary to begin filming at the upper left hand comer of a large sheet and to continue from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. If ncccssaiy, sectioning is continued again-beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. For illustrations that cannot be satisfactorily reproduced by xerographic means, photographic prints can be purchased at additional cost and inserted into your xerographic copy. These prints are available upon request from the Dissertations Customer Services Department. 5. Some pages in any document may have indistinct print. In all cases the best available copy has been filmed. University Microfilms International 300 N.Zaob Road Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 8419003 RobertS'Gassler, Vlckl.Jane ASPECTS OF THE ECONOMIC SYSTEMS IN THE GERMAN MEDIEVAL "SPIELMANNSEPEN" "KONIG ROTHER," "HERZOG ERNST," "ST. OSWALD," "ORENDEL" AND "SALMAN UND MOROLF" The Ohio State University Ph.D. 1984 University Microfilms international300 N. Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 Copyright 1984 by Roberts-Gassier, Vicki Jane All Rights Reserved ASPECTS OF TOE ECONOMIC SYSTEMS IN TOE GERMAN MEDIEVAL "SPIEIMANNSEPEN" KSNIG ROTHER. HERZOG ERNST, ST. OSWALD, CRENDEL AND SAIMAN UND MORffiF DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Vicki Jane Roberts-Gassier, B.A., M.A. * ★ * * ★ The Ohio State University 1984 Reading Oomdttee: Approved By Harry Vredeveld Hugo Bekker I/* David P. Benseler //* Adviser Department of German Copyright by Vicki Jane Roberts-Gassier 1984 for Vandi i i VITA November 8, 1946. • • B o m - Seattle, Washington 1970............... B.A., Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 1975-1976 .......... Teaching Assistant, Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 1976. M.A., Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 1976-1981 .......... Teaching Associate, Research Associate, Department of German, The ( M o State University, Columbus, Ohio 1981- . Lecturer, Department of German and Russian, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: German German Medieval Literature. Professors Harry Vredeveld and Hugo Bekker. German Philology. Professors Johanna S. Belkin and Harry Vredeveld. i i i TABLE OF CONTENTS Page VITA ........................................ - . ill CHAPTER ONE - INTRODUCTION Outline of Methodology.............................. 1 The "Spielmann" Theory .......................... 5 Patronage and the "Spielmannsepen".................... 12 The Hypothesis of City O r i g i n ....................... 16 The Medieval Economic S ystems ....................... 20 Summary .............. ...................... 21 CHAPTER TWO - THE NATURE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF WEALTH IN THE "SPIELMANNSEPEN" Introduction....................... 27 Konig Rother .......................... 32 Herzog Ernst .................................... 51 St. Oswald ...................................... 65 O r e n d e l ......................................... 60 Salman und Morolf ................................. 92 Conclusion....................................... 105 CHAPTER THREE - MONEY IN THE SPIELMANNSEPEN Introduction ........... .................... 111 Konig Rother .................................... 115 Herzog Ernst .................................... 120 St. Oswald ...................................... 123 O r e n d e l ......................................... 129 Salman und Morolf ..................... 134 Conclusion................. 140 CHAPTER POUR - THE INFLUENCE OF ECONOMIC FACTORS ON THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN CHARACTERS Introduction...................................... 144 Konig Rother .......................... 149 Herzog Ernst .................................... 175 St. Oswald ................................ 197 Orendel ..... 216 Salman und Morolf ................................. 231 Conclusion....................................... 244 CHAPTER FIVE - CONCLUSION ............................ 253 LIST OF REFERENCES................................... 262 iv 1 CHAPTER ONE INTOODUCITCN Outline of Methodology The five medieval epics known as the Spielmannsepen - Konig Rother, Herzog Ernst, St. Oswald. Orendel. and Salman und Morolf - will be investigated here with respect to the economic system or systems reflected within the works. Aspects of the works to be examined in this dissertation include the occurrences of money and golden and silver objects, land ownership, the awarding of gifts or payments, and the context in which gifts and payments take place. The material has been divided into three sections under three sub-headings. Chapter Two considers the passages related to wealth; the questions concern which characters have wealth and what that wealth consists of, whether primarily land or money or costly objects. The significance of wealth in a general sense in each work is discussed. Chapter Three concentrates on one specific form of wealth, that is, money. A « treatment of money separate from other forms of wealth is justified by its great importance to economic systems as well as by the differing range of its use in these particular epics. Passages concerning money are classified according to the magnitude of amounts and the degree to which the amounts are specified in the texts; other questions involving money are considered as well. The roles which economic considerations 2 play in the relationships between characters are analyzed in the fourth chapter. The points at which payments occur are examined and placed within the context of the individual work, with the intent to discover the eoonanic patterns within which the relationships function. These aspects considered together will form a fair picture of the economic system relevant to each of the works. The economic systems in these five epics have not been investigated previously. The research for this project was undertaken on the basis of the available editions; with the exception of the Salman und Morolf edition of Kamein and the edition of the St. Oswald by Curschmann, the editions are in need of revision.^ The Konig Rother is the only one of the five epics for which there is a manuscript (H, from the late twelfth century) which comes from a time close to the original. I have used the edition of Theodor Frings and Joachim Kuhnt of 1922, which contains a diplomatic copy of H, and the fragments of other manuscripts which are 2 extant. For Herzog Ernst the edition of Karl Bartsch was used; for version B, the so-called Spielmann version which is the only version 3 this study is concerned with, the earliest manuscript is from 1441. The volume also contains editions of h, which is represented by fragments from the late twelfth and early thirteenth centuries, as well as the strophic version of the poem and the Volksbuch. For the remaining three epics only manuscripts and prints from the fifteenth century are extant. One cannot be certain whether the poems actually are twelfth-century products, or whether they were composed only in the fifteenth century. For St. Oswald I have used the Miinchner Oswald as edited by Michael Curschmann; his text aims at a reconstruction of the 3 fifteenth-century prototype of the extant manuscripts. An examination of the Wiener Oswald yielded no information of interest; since this study is concerned with the Spielmannsepen. the Wiener Oswald has been excluded from consideration. I have used the Orendel edited by C Hans Steinger. Also available are facsimile editions of the prints of 1512.6 The available editions of Salman und Morolf are those of Vogt and Kamein."^ Vogt's edition is based on the Stuttgart manuscript (S) and the Strassbourg print of 1499 (d)f as well as on a copy of the Eschenbach manuscript (E). On the basis of these texts Vogt attempted a reconstruction of the postulated late twelfth-century archetype. Kamein, on the other hand, did not attempt a philological reconstruction, but based his new edition exclusively on the reconstruction of the form of the text extant from the fifteenth century. Kamein had the Eschenbach manuscript itself rather than only a copy of it.
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