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Volume XXXVI No. 11 November 1981 INFORMATION ISSUED BY THE ASSOOAim OF MWm I^UOES « aiEAT BRITAtl

Martin Stern murder or extermination were always given by word of mouth. Eichmann writes: "It is com­ pletely wrong to believe that at the start of the Russian campaign, Himmler, Heydrich, Muller THE CASE OF and Eichmann decided upon the extermination of Jewry. The Head of the Sipo (Security Police) and of the SD (Security Service) Heydrich received the order. In my opinion it was in no way his EICHMANN'S MEMOIRS own idea. I still remember the very moment when he told me that the Fuhrer had ordered physical extermination. I heard the expression for the first Novemljer inevitably brings back memories of it suits him. Gideon Hausner's "Justice in Jerusa­ time in my life and I shall never forget that the Kristallnacht and the great tragedy that lem" is not listed in the bibliography, an extra­ moment." Later, Eichmann writes: "As I have followed inexorably from that prelude. And here ordinary omission in a book with scholarly stressed, Heydrich personally told me that the we find ourselves confronted by a long book* pretensions. Hannah Arendt's "Eichmann in Fuhrer had given the order and the Reichsfuhrer claiming to be the memoirs of Adolf Eichmann. Jerusalem" is also omitted (though her "Origins SS, as is well known, had charged Brigadefuhrer Two questions come immediately to mind. Are of Totalitarianism" is included). Raul Hilberg is Globocnik with carrying it out within the frame­ they genuine? And even if they are, does it really called Paul. work of the Reinhard Action." matter? With due caution and wariness one finds In his potted historical background survey, Goering's role turns out to be more important oneself answering in both cases: yes. Aschenauer seems to imply that since antisemi­ than previously assumed. Eichmann reports: "In The book is published by Druffel, the extreme tism was widespread in Germany and else­ October 1941 Goering gave the Head of the Sipo right-wing (rechts-radikal) house with a list where, it was a natural and respectable ideology and SD (Heydrich) responsibility for carrying out chiefly concerned with "revising" and whitewash­ to adopt. In any case, the book is being examined the Final Solution of the Jewish problem." It will ing the history of the Third Reich. Eichmann is by the Munich State Prosecutor with a view to be recalled that just after the November pogrom supposed to have recorded his memoirs in determining whether its content contravenes the of 1938 Goering declared that if war broke out Argentina in the mid- and late-fifties, and the law. there would be a great reckoning with Jewry. In publishers claim to have received tapes, micro- notes he made after his arrest Eichmann wrote: fihns and documents through and from Eich­ Authenticity "The entire solution of the Jewish problem at the mann's wife and son, and they print a sworn highest level really lay with . . . Reichsmarschall Nevertheless, despite the sloppy editing and affidavit of authenticity from his wife. One Goering." wonders whether these materials are available for pseudo-scholarly presentation, from the internal inspection. There are eight photographs in the evidence of Eichmann's text, it would seem to be book, and one would have expected the publishers authentic. Prof. Helmut Krausnick, former head Himmler's Visit to use them to show what the tapes and micro­ of the Munich Institute for Contemporary His­ tory, considers the memoirs genuine, and re­ For the enlightenment of those neo-Nazi films looked like, but they do not. In the marked in an interview that if they had been apologists who deny the existence of gas chambers, photographic reproduction of Eichmann's Per­ published by his Institute, they would doubtless Eichmann confirms their existence in Auschwitz, sonnel Report of 1937, his wife's name is given as have been called a brazen forgery by extreme Treblinka and elsewhere, says that Hoss, com­ Vera Liebel, whereas on the printed affidavit it is right apologists, since Eichmann concedes and mandant of Auschwitz, invented gassing by Veronika Liebl. Perhaps this was a printer's error, admits so much about the criminal anti-Jewish Zyklon B, and reports Hoss having told him of but Eichmann and his editor make much of policy of the Third Reich, more than the reader Himmler's visit to Auschwitz, where Himmler bureaucratic errors of detail when it suits them— could ever have expected. Eichmann sketches witnessed "physical extermination from gassing to in fact, it is their chief line of defence. sharply-etched word-portraits of his colleagues: cremation" (p. 458). On the next page Eichmann The book has been edited and provided with a Heydrich, Kaltenbrunner, Miiller, Schellenberg, tells of how Hoss showed him a pile of corpses on commentary and notes by Rudolf Aschenauer, Hoss, Canaris, et al. Eichmann also implies that an iron grate in a ditch, which were then inciner­ the lawyer who has defended many Nazis in war Muller was a Soviet agent. ated, and that he was so horrified that he could crimes trials. The background material he pro­ We only have space to report some of the still see it as he wrote. Aschenauer vi'rites (p. 52): vides is selective and tendentious, and sometimes major points that emerge from the memoirs. "Defendants and witnesses in Nazi proceedings clearly false. Thus, on a crucial issue, Aschenauer There is the question of Hitler's direct involve­ confirm Eichmann's statements." claims that the original transcript of the proceed­ ment with the order for the implementation of ings of the Wannsee Conference, where the Eichmann and Aschenauer quibble about the the Final Solution. Much has been made in number of Jews killed, and juggle with the figures. decision on the Final Solution was taken on recent years of the fact that no written order 20 January 1942, was never found (p. 478). The "However," Aschenauer writes on p. 53, "Eich­ from Hitler to exterminate the Jews has been mann's figures are relatively large". original can be seen by any serious researcher in found. Eichmann says that only an idiot could the Political Archive of the German Foreign imagine the Reichsfuhrer of the SS, Himmler, The Eichmann who emerges from these Ministry in Bonn in the File Section "Inland issuing a written order saying that Hitler had memoirs, however self-serving they may be, shows II G, Vol. 177". Eichmann remembers how "after commanded physical extermination. Orders for how wrong-headed Haimah Arendt was when she the Wannsee Conference Heydrich, Muller and I sp>oke of the "banality of evil". She was taken in sat cosily around the fireside." (p. 446). On a trivial by Eichmann's presentation of himself at his level, Aschenauer follows his dubious sources Jerusalem trial as a mere bureaucratic cog in the and says that Alexander Kerensky was a Jew, wheel of destruction. Eichmann presents himself which, of course, he was not. (p. 42). Aschenauer Make at least one friend— here as a highly-motivated idealist who made dismisses Eichmann's comments and testimony at many sacrifices for his cause, and we know that his trial in Jerusalem as "worthless", since he was he was full of enthusiasm and drive and that he Under pressure, yet he does not hesitate to quote enrol as a showed very great initiative in delivering Jews to from the testimony and cross-examination ver­ the death camps despite all the difficulties he faced batim and at length—without attribution—when "FRIEND OF THE AIR" in war-torn Europe. It is all there in the 1937 'tch, Adolf Eichinann. Ein historischer Zeugenbericht. Edited by Dr. Rudolf Aschenauer. Druffel-Verlag, Leoni am Starnberger See. 5S0 pp. Continued on page 2 Page 2 AJR INFORMATION November 1981

Continued from page 1 EICHMANN'S MEMOIRS NEWS FROM GERMANY Personnel Report: "Very lively, sociable, highly EAST GERMAN JEWISH NEWS BULLETIN CELLE NAZIS IN OFFICE motivated . . . very alert mind and understanding, The latest issues of the News Bulletin of the especially good at negotiating, speaking and organ­ Eckart Spoo, Hanover correspondent of the Jewish community of East Berlin and the Associ­ "Frankfurter Rundschau", recently decided to look ising ... an energetic and impulsive person, a ation of Jewish Communities in the GDR (Nachrich- round the pleasant town of Celle for former great talent for independent administration, a tenblatt) bring together information about the National Socialists and to trace their careers since recognised specialist in his field." In a sense, various Jewish centres in the country. There are 1945. He found a host of past and present judges there is the essence of the Nazi phenomenon: the brief reports from the Jewish corrmiunities of and lawyers who had risen to high positions in use of rational means for a wildly irrational end. Berlin, Dresden, Erfurt and environs, Halle/Saale, Celle courts after the war, notwithstanding their A specialist in the persecution, then destruction Karl-Marx Stadt, Leipzig, Magdeburg and Meck­ records. One judge had sentenced two soldiers to lenburg. There is a homily from the late Rabbi death in 1943 for destroying a picture of Hitler: of Jews. Dr. Martin Riesenburger, and articles on the old The Nazi phenomenon and the Holocaust were another had been the Gestapo chief in Paris. Both Jewish cemetery in Dresden, on Dietrich Bon­ rose to the rank of President of their respective central events of the 20th century, perhaps the hoeffer and the Jews, on Max Mack, the pioneer courts after the war. Karl-Heinz Muller, a former central events. Myths tend to cluster around such German film director, who died in London in SS Obersturmfuhrer sentenced to death in absentia events. Young hooligans, unable to cope with the 1973, on the March 1981 meeting in Amsterdam of by a French court for his war crimes, achieved complexities of the world around them, look the European Council of Jewish Community Ser­ the post of Chief of the Criminal Police. backwards for images and examples of violence vices (to which Czech, Hungarian, Polish and East Walter Zusan, a National Socialist since 1931, and aggression, to be discharged upon any con­ German representatives came as observers), and when he was an illegal Hitler Youth in Austria, venient victim. Old Nazis, who were once part of on Stefan Zweig. In East Berlin, the writer Walter is now the political editor of the influential Kaufmann gave a talk, with music recordings, "Celleschen Zeitung", despite attacks from the a dynamic consensus, as they still see and feel it, about "Three Journeys to the Promised Land". have neither the courage nor the maturity to face liberal press. His career includes membership of Strongly contrasting views about the talk were the SS since 1936 and the editorship of a neo-Nazi the reality of the devil they served, nor the insight expressed by memijers of the audience, some paper. Criticising the film "Holocaust", he likened and strength to reconstruct their sense of them­ agreeing and some disagreeing with the apparently its content of historical truth to "meat in charity selves and the world without the ideology that favourable impressions of the speaker. The Dres­ soup". When another newspaper disclosed details once sustained them. So they revise and distort, den section records greetings received for Shavuot of his career and said that he sprayed his readers they lie and deny, but inside themselves, and from Dr. Josef Burg, the Israeli Home Minister, with National Socialist propaganda, Zusan pro­ who was born in Dresden. Many of the com­ secuted but without success. among their cronies, they know the truth, and munity reports tell of visits of Christian confirm­ they always did. The myths and the lies must be ation groups with their vicars, to whom Jewish nipped in the bud, and monitored with constant practice and customs were explained. vigilance. In their twisted way, if Eichmann's The Rosh Hashana issue of the Bulletin con­ COLOGNE TABLETS REINSTATED memoirs are authentic, they make their contri­ tains a moving article on "Cultural Life in the In 1266, Archbishop Engelbert II of Cologne bution. Theresienstadt Ghetto" by Dr. Max Poper of issued a Schutzbrief or "Privilege" confirming the Prague, reprinted from the Nachrichtenblatt of rights of Jews in his bishopric. Among other the Czech Jewish Community. The article de­ provisions, the proclamation declared that Jews scribes the intense cultural activity in the ghetto, might bury their dead in the Jewish cemetery NAZI SPEECHES ON CB and quotes the courageous address by Rabbi Leo without payment of duty, and that no executions should be carried out near the cemetery. The A Citizens' Band radio enthusiast in West Berlin Baeck, who spoke on "Large Nations and Small Archbishop put Christians and Jews on an equal has been fined 2,000 DM for broadcasting record­ Nations", and how small ones often lived on in footing so far as taxes were concerned, and ings of speeches by Hitler and Goebbels. history because of their cultural and spiritual protected Jewish moneylending businesses by for­ contributions while the large ones arc forgotten, bidding Christians usurers to enter Cologne. In his ending with a pointed reference to Jan Hus, final sentence, Engelbert recommended that these GYPSY TRIED FOR WAR CRIMES whose fame and influence outlived that of his freedoms should be cut in stone and set up as an A gypsy sent by the Nazis to a concentration persecutors. There is also an article on Thomas eternal reminder in the sight of the people. camp, Hermaim Ebender, has been charged in Mann's "Seven Manifestos on the Jewish Prob­ The Latin text, measuring nearly seven feet Fulda with the brutal killing in 1945 of 17 fellow- lem". In the item mentioning the ceremonial long, was duly inscribed on two stone tablets, prisoners in the camps of Rottleberode and which were set in the wall of the Cathedral Stempeda near Nordhausen. inauguration of a memorial stone to the Herbert treasury alongside a chain and staff said to be Baum Resistance Group, opposite the Palace of relics of St. Peter. In 1868, however, the treasury the Republic, the writer expresses regret that had become so dilapidated that the tablets were OLDEST JEWISH HOUSE IN GERMANY there was no mention on the stone, and only moved to the southern tower of the Cathedral, Standing in the Trier Judengasse is perhaps the casually in the dedicatory speech by Herbert where they were virtually forgotten. Now, over oldest Jewish dwelling in West Germany. Accord­ Grunstein, Chairman of the District Resistance a century later, the Cathedral architect. Dr. ing to tests carried out by Professor Alfred Haver- Committee, that the Baum Resistance Group were Arnold Wolff, has retrieved them and for the kamp, the oak tree used for the beams of the subject to double jeopardy as both Jews and second time fulfilled Archbishop Engelbert's house was felled in 1311. His researches show that coimnunists. decree: he has set up the stones in the entry to about the same time 300 Jews were living in the sacristy, so that they are once again estab­ Trier, and he hopes that the house will be main­ lished "in the sight of the people". tained as a historical monument. COURT MILDNESS IN STADE A court in Stade has reduced the sentences on Edgar Geiss, a neo-Nazi propagandist, from 15 AUCTIONEERS IN TROUBLE JEWS IN WUERZBLTtG, 1900-1945 to 10 months' imprisonment. The original charges Request for Material related to leaflets spread by Geiss during the The Munich state attorney is taking proceedings The City of Wuerzburg has embarked on a Cologne trial of Kurt Lischka. The leaflets bore against the partners in a firm of auctioneers research scheme aimed at preserving the memory the words, "I'm an ass who still believes that Jews because, between 1977 and 1979, they put on sale of the once flourishing Jewish life of the town. were gassed in German concentration camps". flags, medals and uniforms from the period of the One of its objectives is the publication of a The judge explained his leniency by saying that Third Reich. A judge's robe is said to have biographical handbook "Jews in Wuerzburg 1900- the accused could not have Icnown his activities fetched 800 DM. 1945 and their subsequent fate". The scheme was were illegal, as his lawyer had assured him that he Defence counsel has pointed out that the State suggested by the present Wuerzburg Jewish com­ ran no risk of prosecution. However, only a few of Bavaria, nominated by the Allied occupying days earlier in Nuremberg, Geiss had been cleared powers as heir to the goods of prominent Nazis, munity and is being carried out in co-operation on charges of glorifying Nazi criminals: he had with Professor Herbert Strauss of the Research has itself sent valuables formerly belonging to laid a wreath at the Nuremberg courthouse in Goering and others to the sale-room for auction­ Foundation for Jewish Immigration, New York. memory of the men accused and sentenced at the Any information (including the names of other Nuremberg Trials of 1946/47. Another court in ing. Jewish former citizens) should be sent to: Stadt Stade, after acquitting a former SS-man on Wuerzburg, Amt Oe u. St. Postfach, 8700 Wuerz­ charges of murder, ordered that he should receive burg, German Federal Republic. compensation for his time in custody. POLICE CRIMINALS SENTENCED Two former members of a Nazi police unit DUESSELDORF DOCUMENTATION BOYS MADE TO GIVE HITLER SALUTE have been sentenced in Hamburg to six-and-a-half PLANNED A 55-year-old teacher in Maxhuette near and six years' imprisonment respectively. Ernst Moritz Kanarek, a 79-year-old Israeli, is pre­ Amberg has been suspended from his post and Benesch and Walter Stegemann took part in mass paring a documentation of the Jews of Dussel­ faces a court hearing, after it was alleged that he deportations of Jews from Przemysl and in mass dorf, where he lived both before and after the had forced pupils to give the Nazi salute when executions of Polish Jews. Both men were released Second World War. they met each other. pending appeal. AJR INFORMATION November 1981 Page 3

ENGLISH VOICE GAVE PROTECnON HOME NEWS Son of the late John Segrue, who was recently RENT AND RATE REBATE APPLICATIONS REFUGEE RELICS AS TEACHING AIDS honoured by the Guild of Jewish Journalists for his help to Jews in Nazi Germany, Austria and German and Austrian Pensions "Rabbi David" has become a real person to the Hungary, Brian Segrue accepted the certificate of We referred in a previous Notice (May 1979) children of Bassingbourn, Herts. They have been learning about the Holocaust through the collected the Guild's award. He told of a 1933 visit to his to the treatment applied by Camden and other papers of Rabbi David Samuel Margules, which father, then foreign correspondent of the "News boroughs to German and Austrian Pensions were presented to a history teacher at the school. Chronicle" in Vienna. John Segrue had asked his granted to victims of Nazi persecution, in the The teacher instituted a project of research into son to accompany Emst Klein, an elderly Jewish calculation of total income for rent and rate the life of the Rabbi, who was bom in Lemberg joumalist, to the train taking him out of Austria. rebate purposes. There is still no uniformity in in 1884, graduated from the University of Vienna He told Brian to speak very loudly in English, so and served the Salzburg community. For a time he that his colleague would be protected. The Guild the practice of the different Boroughs. is planting 50 trees in Israel in memory of the We are pleased to advise our readers that the was the minister at Tachov in Czechoslovakia. Following the Anschluss, he was imprisoned in courageous Catholic journalist. City of Westminster has agreed to make the Dachau, but managed to reach England at the rebate calculations "by reference to the taxable beginning of the war. After internment at Onchan, CALL FOR BAN ON ARAB BOYCOTT element of the benefits received from the German I.O.M., he lived in Cambridge with his wife and Following the declaration by an Industrial Tri­ and Austrian authorities". This implies that Com­ daughters, who now live in New York. Rabbi bunal that Mr. Anthony Simmons had been pensation Renten (Entschadigungsrenten) paid Margules died in 1952. Pupils of Bassingbourn unfairly dismissed, his former employers—the under the German Federal Compensation Act Village College have written and published a property company MEPC—have decided not to (Bundes-Entschadigungsgesetz) need not be in­ pamphlet, "Rabbi David", tracing the life of a appeal against the decision. The Tribunal found man who died before any of them were born and that there had been unlawful discrimination cluded in the Statement of Income at all. German who suffered in a way they can only imagine. and Austrian Social Insurance Pensions and against Mr. Simmons, whose dismissal coincided with MEPC negotiations with a Kuwaiti bank. Public Service Pensions should be included in Mr. Eric Jay, who lost his job at the same time, any application, but against the full figure should "NF WHISPERS" ATTACKED says that he is not Jewish. be stated "Restitution—only one half taxable" or, In a fierce attack on "irresponsible rumour­ Mr. Simmons has called for a ban on com­ where appropriate "none taxable". mongering". Dr. Jacob Gewirtz of the Board of pliance with the Arab boycott. Legislation to this The City of Westminster Housing Department Deputies has condemned those who try to arouse effect has been passed in France and some has arranged that in all such cases the applicant hysteria in the community by accusing various Germans have appealed for a similar ruling in shops of condoning National Front activities. West Germany. A number of Government minis­ will be asked to produce his Tax Assessment. In Last year shops in North-West London were cases where a Pensioner's tax affairs are dealt ters and the Commission for Racial Equality have forced to publish advertisements denying that been asked to look into the position regarding with by an Accountant, the Accountant should be they had any connection with Fascist or racist the effects of the boycott in this country. asked to send to the applicant a copy of the organisations. The latest victim is Sainsbury's Assessment for submission to the Housing De­ Kingsbury branch. National Front newspapers are PRESBYTEIUANS AGAINST DUNDEE partment of the City of Westminster, or the sold nearby and the store is powerless to interfere TWINNING Accountant should send such a copy direct to with the vendors; but gossip charges the shop with that Department. There should then be no giving the Front permission to sell its papers Presbyterian ministers and elders in Dundee within the entrance. This is strongly denied by have voted for a complete withdrawal from the difficulty in having 50 per cent of the Pension or, Sainsbury's who point out that no one is allowed controversial Nablus twinning. At a recent meet­ in cases where the Pension is wholly tax-exempt, to sell newspapers of any kind on their premises ing of the Presbytery, the church council, the 100 per cent disregarded in the calculation of an and that in any case the Kingsbury entrance is voting was 43 to 38 in favour of abandoning the applicant's income for rent and rate rebate far too small for such activities. Dr. Gewirtz relationship. One minister said that, out of 250 purposes. commented further, "This is absolutely disgrace­ of his congregation, only 12 gave support to the ful. . . . The Board does not want to close the twinning. It is to be hoped that other London and door to legitimate information but people must be provincial boroughs will agree to treat the Pen­ prepared to substantiate gossip with hard facts". POLYGLOT AS CONSUL-GENERAL sions in a similar way. We will make every effort to achieve this in cases where the borough has so Although Sinai Rome, the new Israeli Consul- far not adopted this treatment. F.E.F. REFUGEE PROBLEMS DISCUSSED General in London, says he "operates best" in Professor Shammai Davidson, director of the English, he is an accomplished linguist. Coming MURDER MESSAGES WERE DECODED Shalvata Mental Health Centre (Tel Aviv) and the from a Lithuanian family in Johannesburg, he Mass murders of Jews in Russia by the invading Holocaust and Social Studies Centre (Bar Ilan), speaks Yiddish, holds an honours degree in Germans were the subject of numerous messages recently visited Britain to attend a seminar on the Hebrew, an MA in Romance philology and a BA decoded by the British experts at Bletchley Park psycliosocial difficulties of refugees. His paper, in Latin and Greek. As a young man he fought in during the Second World War, The newly pub­ the only one to deal with the problems of Jewish Israel's 1948 War of Liberation as a sergeant in lished volume of "British Intelligence in the refugees, was entitled "Effects of trauma on the the Air Force; he stayed in the country and Second World War" issued by HMSO contains an life-cycle of refugees and on the families of the joined the Foreign Ministry. In the course of his appendix with details of messages by the German next generation". The seminar was organised by diplomatic career, he was sent to Brazil, Chile, Police in Ihe occupation forces. Kurt Daluege, the Ockenden Venture under the auspices of the Mexico, Canada, Cuba and Ecuador, acquiring in chief of the police, even gave a warning to his Standing Conference of Refugees. South America a working knowledge of Spanish subordinates in September 1941 "that there was a and Portuguese. He believes that one of his main tasks is to encourage the involvement of diaspora danger that matters of great secrecy, such as the ORT HELPS YOUTH TRAINING exact number of executions, might be deciphered Jewry with Israel, even if it entails criticism of W the enemy". The British Ort Trust is to collaborate with the Israeli shortcomings. Manpower Services Commission in setting up a In 1942/43 the Bletchley Park team intercepted vocational training centre in North Manchester.

JEWS HIDDEN IN VATICAN Pope Pius XII saved many thousands of Jews NEWS FROM ABROAD during the Second World War: this is the claim made by an English historian. Father J. Derek CZECHOSLOVAK PROBLEMS HIGHLIGHTED AUSTRIA Holmes. In his new book, "The Papacy in the After the Bomb Blast in Viemia In the course of a Radio 4 interview. Dr. Modern World", Father Holmes says that two Desider Galsky, a partisan fighter in World War German diplomats. Baron Ernst von Weizsacker Solidarity with the Jewish community in Vienna and Albert von Kessel, created a barrage of II and now President of the Council of the Jewish following the Arab bomb attack on the Seitenstet­ deception to protect the Pope from being seized Community in Bohemia and Moravia, spoke of tengasse Synagogue has been expressed in many by the Nazis and the Vatican from occupation. the difficulties facing Jews in his native country. parts of the world. A European Delegation, led by They knew that the Pope was sheltering at least For example, active believers were not always able Mr. Greville Janner, QC, MP, went to Vienna to half the Jews of Rome within the Vatican and to secure teaching posts; but this was common to express its solidarity with Austrian Jewry. The successfully protected his efforts. Because of the all those professing religions in an atheistic Austrian trade mission premises in Toronto were diplomats' smoke-screen, the position of the Pope society. The average age of the community was picketed by 300 people distributing leaflets in appeared ambiguous and this led to later accu­ 65-70 and this, together with apathy, presented a protest against Austria's lenient PLO policy. sations that he had been lukewarm about the threat, although there were fervently Orthodox Mexico's Central Jewish Committee made a sufferings of the Jews. Fr. Holmes's book will be young people, who sometimes became a problem similar protest to the Austrian Ambassador there. reviewed in a later issue of AJR Information. io themselves. The place of Rabbi Sicher has not Parisian synagogues and Jewish institutions are yet been filled, though he has now been dead for under continual police protection. MOSCOW BOOK FAIR CENSORSHIP some years. The first of his prospective successors On a visit to London, Rabbi Chaim Eisenberg Western book publishers exhibiting at the left for the West in 1968 when the Russians reported that the Vienna community has voted the Moscow Book Fair in September were pleasantly invaded Czechoslovakia. Now the intended Rabbi, sum of £100,000 for security measures and armed surprised to find that only about one-quarter the Daniel Meyer, still faces three years' training in police stand guard on all the city's synagogues. number of books impounded by the authorities Hungary. Rabbi Eisenberg also described the increase in the last year were taken from their shelves this time. Dr. Galsky pointed out that, although the Austrian community, which now included immi­ However, although the works not allowed to be Government pays Jewish office-holders' salaries grant Jews from Poland, Romania, Hungary and shown amoimted to some dozen or so, several of (as in the case of other religious functionaries) Bokhara. The country now had 11 Jewish schools them were on Jewish themes. Among the books and also maintains community buildings, this is of various grades and types. removed were Henry Kissinger's "White House to some extent in its own interest, since most Memoirs", Abba Eban's "My People" and the tourists make a bee-line for the old Jewish quarter Old Austrian Law Unfair to Jews American Jewish Year Book for 1981. Also con­ in Prague. However, the authorities have now Austria's Israelitengesetz, which 100 years ago fiscated were a book on the Third Reich, another permitted tie community to receive funds from established a single Jewish community within the on Alexander Solzhenitsyn, a study of Euro- the American Jewish Joint Distribution Com­ nation, has been declared unconstitutional. Follow­ Communism and a review of US foreign policy. mittee, out of which a new organ and a modern­ ing an appeal by Agudas Israel, the Constitutional All were returned to the exhibitors when the fair ised kitchen have been installed. Court decided that, since the law did not grant the closed. The Israeli stand aroused much interest right to Jews to join a denomination of their and long queues waited for a chance to see the choice, while Christians could do so, the Israel­ wide selection of Israeli publications. ANllSEMmSM AND DEFENCE IN POLAND itengesetz violated the rules of equality. Agudas Pc land's Grunwald Union, the "anti-Zionist" Israel may now establish a separate Jewish com­ ROMANIAN OFFICIAL FORCED OUT munity in Austria. organisation set up in March, will shortly publish Because members of his family wish to leave its own newspaper. Commentators have linked the the country, Leonte Rautu, a Jewish-descended increasing activity of Grunwald with the recent DANZIG TREASURES ON VIEW veteran of the Romanian Communist Party, has election of hardliner Stefan Olszewski to the been obliged to give up his post on the executive Politburo of the Polish United Workers' Party. Only a few weeks before the outbreak of the political committee and his Rectorship of the At the same time General Moczar and President Second World War, the doomed Jewish com­ party's Stefan Gheorghiu Academy, where high Hem-yk Jablonski lost their Politburo positions. Both munity of Danzig packed its art treasures into 10 officials are trained. President Ceaucescu is cur­ men had acknowledged the Jewish contribution in crates which were then shipped to the Jewish rently campaigning against defection to the West Poland's history, even though each of them had been Theological Seminary in New York for safe­ and emigration from Romania, but Jewish corn- active in the anti-Jewish campaign of 1968. keeping. Most of the collection was the gift in munity leaders report a steady stream of appli­ The London Institute of Jewish Affairs recently 1904 of Lesser Gieldzinski, a grain merchant and cations for exit visas to Israel. Since 1948, 350,000 issued a report by Dr. Lukasz Hirszowicz on art collector living in Danzig, and this section emigrants—90 per cent of the Romanian Jewish "Jewish Themes in the Polish Crisis". While includes plates and engravings dating from the population—have arrived in Israel and the remain­ setting out the antisemitic tendencies in Poland 17th century. Two smaller divisions comprise the ing community now stands at only 33,000. today. Dr. Hirszowicz points out that anti-Jewish religious objects formerly used in the Great propaganda is being challenged by intellectuals, Synagogue of Danzig and, touchingly, heirlooms FIRE IN MOROCCAN SYNAGOGUE politicians and trade unionists. The situation is and pieces of religious art added at the last One of the oldest synagogues in the city of Fez therefore not the same as in the 1968 attacks on moment by individual Danzigers. has been destroyed by fire. The 18th century Saba "Zionists". Synagogue had been closed since 1971, but there DUTCH HERO HONOURED were plans to turn it into a Jewish museum. There FOOD PARCELS FOR POLAND are 18,(XX) Jews in Morocco, 500 of them in Fez A retired local government official in Holland where four active synagogues still exist. Fourteen years ago, a Polish government direc­ has been awarded the Cross of Merit by the tive halted the flow of aid parcels from abroad. German Federal Republic. As described in the Now the Polish Jewish Refugee Fund has been citation, Daniel van Hoej)en hid a German-Jewish able to overcome the restrictions and hopes that couple, Julius Schloss and his wife, from 1942 it will be able to send parcels each month to until the end of the war, regardless of the risk to homes for the aged, orphanages and hospitals. his own life. Throughout this time, Holland was The first consignment was sent to the Jewish old occupied but Mr. van Hoepen managed to keep age home in Warsaw a few weeks ago; it con­ the pair in his own house and so saved their lives. tained kosher meat, soup, fish, coffee, rice and In his memoirs, written during the war, Julian tea. A Polish embassy official accompanied the Castle Stanford (formerly Julius Schloss) describes food on its way from Britain to Warsaw. Visits how he and his wife lived underground and were to Poland by Sir Jack Lyons and Dr. Werner succoured by Dutch Christians. His book was first Schindler, officials of the Fund, will clarify the published in English in 1965 under the title help which can be given to the 6,000 Jews who "Reflections" (Oakland, Calif.: Institute for the still live in Poland. Righteous Acts, Judah L. Magnes Memorial Museum) and has now appeared in German as US SYNAGOGUES FOR DEAF "Tagebuch eines deutschen Juden im Untergrund" (Darmstadt: Verlag Darmstadter Blatter). Dr. Three synagogues in America are specially Gunther Schwarz, the publisher of the Darm­ Fights Rust dedicated to the needs of deaf members of the stadter Blatter, sought out Mr. van Hoepen and community. Ameslang, the US sign language, has suggested to the German government that his Newly developed. Zinc compounds had to be adapted to the needs of the congre­ brave action should be recognised. are some of the finest rust inhibitors.The gations, since it has so far lacked symbols for synthetic resin base forms a tough skin, Jewish religious concepts: for example, the Bible was represented only by a sign derived from the FRENCH DEPORTEES REMEMBERED which seals the surface from moisture. From all good hardware and accessory stores. idea of "Crucifixion". Representatives of President Francois Mitterand Free literature from David's ISOPON, FREEPOST and Prime Minister Pierre Mauroy, together with Northway House, London N20 9BR. French government ministers, attended a remem­ brance ceremony for 80,(XX) French Jews deported With acknowledgement to the news service to the death camps during the Second World of the Jewish Chronicle. War. The Chief Rabbi of France presided at the ^S^/.-!'Jd'h'i service. AJR INFORMATION November 1981 Page 5

official position had to carry out the duties of thai BERNHARD WEISS REMEMBERED position. If he could not act against antisemitic lawbreakers, then that would mean that a Jew could not hold any position which involved con­ Courageous Prussian Jew flict with antisemites—that is, that no Jew could become an administrator, or a judge, or hold any similar position. "The more we are attacked, the more strongly and forcefully we should defend Bemhard Weiss died in London 30 years ago, infant Weimar Republic from attacks from the ourselves as upright, self-respecting German-Jewish an emigrant who had played a brave and dramatic extreme left and extreme right. He did his best citizens, above all with restraint, and unintimi- part in the last years of the Weimar Republic, and to turn the police into the bulwark of the Repub­ dated, to fuffil our obligations to the common a man who deserves to be much better known, as lic, and it was a daunting task in the conditions of good, each in the position that destiny has placed a public figure and as a Jew. He was Deputy the time. By 1926 he had become head of the him." Police Commissioner in Berlin during the Nazi Criminal Police. Dr. Dering tells for the first time the interesting rise to power in the years 1927 to 1932, and if In 1927 he was appointed Deputy Police Commis­ story of Weiss's role at the time of the von Papen there had been a more general will in Germany to sioner, in charge of 22,000 men. He promoted the idea coup, when von Papen, as Hindenburg's chancel­ stop Hitler's push to dictatorship, he could well that the police were to be the "helpers and friends" lor, dismissed the Social Democratic government have been somewhere at the forefront of the of the public, and wrote a book in which he said that on 20 July 1932. Papen was above all concerned the police should be the chief defenders of the state to get the Prussian police under his control, and campaign to do so, as a defender of law and order through the law, and that they should be apolitical in the Repubhc. On the occasion of the 30th and serve the whole community, and not a party. to make sure that the demoralised leaders of anniversary Die Zeit devoted a full page to him He was certainly the right man to defend the the regime should vacate their offices without a and his career, written by Dr. Dietz Dering of Republic, but the forces ranged against him were struggle. At 11 a.m. the commander in charge of Cologne University. too strong, and the real failure was the lack of the emergency. General von Rundstedt, rang the Weiss was born in 1880 into an affluent Berlin support and political skills in the centre. In 1926 Police Commissioner, Grzesinski, and told him that family. His father was on the Board of a Liberal his chief antagonist, Goebbels, arrived in Berlin he, Weiss and Commander Heimannsberg were Synagogue, and Weiss, the eldest son, grew up in determined to undermine the order and authority dismissed. Grzesinski arranged for his department a Jewish atmosphere. He was always at ease with of the Republic with all the oratorical power and heads to leave their posts at 12. It was Weiss his Jewishness and was devoted to it. He was sent the scurrilous libels and mendacity at his com­ who reminded his superior of the Kapp putsch to the Franzoesische Gymnasium and later mand, always calling him "Isidor" Weiss. Bern- (1920) and that he was supposed to be the supreme studied law. hard Weiss sued Goebbels several times for libel, defender of the Constitution—it was absolutely Though Prussian Jews had nominally equal and won, but his authority was undermined by impossible for him to allow himself to be dis­ rights, unbaptised Jews did not have access to the the vicious lies and ridicule of Goebbels' gutter missed by telephone! Grzesinski let himself be officer corps. Weiss therefore did his national press. persuaded and asked von Rundstedt for written service in Bavaria, where he became an army Nevertheless, Weiss was never lacking in confirmation. reserve officer. In the First World War he reached courage. As the situation deteriorated, he was Their designated successors arrived at 2 p.m. the rank of Rittmeister and was decorated with called with a police squad to the Reichstag by with the documents. Again it was Weiss who the Iron Cross First Class for exceptional bravery. Reichstag President L6be to arrest four Nazi delayed the transfer of power. He pointed out that When, in 1916, the last Royal Prussian Interior Reichstag members who had beaten up a journal­ the papers had neither a date nor a file number, Minister wanted "the best man available" to ist, and arrest them he did. The next morning he and therefore were wholly unacceptable since they liberalise the ministry, he chose Bernhard Weiss. also arrested the prominent Nazi Gregor Strasser were officially invalid. The successors were non­ He was the first unbaptised Jew to obtain a higher at the Anhalter Station, and brought him to police plussed, but the accompanying army detachment, administrative post. At first Weiss was deputy headquarters. armed with hand-grenades, approached threaten­ head of the criminal police (Kripo), and then, When Jews criticised him for exposing himself ingly, and Weiss declared, "A violation of the from 1919 to 1924 he was head of Department lA, to censure by handling matters involving anti­ Constitution cannot be justified even by an em­ the political police. His task was to defend the semites, Weiss replied that a Jew holding an ergency order from the Reich President." Grzes­ inski, Weiss and Heimannsberg were arrested. As they passed the President's room, Weiss saluted, and when the salute was returned by the soldiers, Weiss said, "The salute was for the President, not for you! " Weiss's courage was a personal trait, but it also reflected the great hopes that Jews of What his generation had placed in the Weimar Republic. The Nazis destroyed his flat but he managed to are you escape and eventually settled in London, where he doing died in 1951, and where his daughter still lives. Dr. Dering is writing a biography of Bemhard Weiss and would be grateful for any information, which should be sent to: Dr. D. Dering, Albertus-Magnus-Platz, 5 Cologne 41. about gifts West Germany. tiiis year ? MOSES MENDELSSOHN WALK No longer a problem, no longer a chore^ here is the gift you will be delighted On the occasion of the official opening of to give and secretly wish to keep. an historical exhibition, "Prussia: An Attempt at This superb range of pocket knives, an Assessment", in West Berlin, Dr. Ulrich from the elegant Executive to the Eckhardt of the Berlin Festival announced the multibladed Champion is designed inauguration of a Moses Mendelssohn Walk in to satisfy the most discerning user; honour of the man he called the central figure of made by Swiss craftsmen, the Berlin Enlightenment. The Walk, passing close tiie knives have for years been regarded to the Berlin Wall and going through a patch of as the world's best. wasteland, at least partly covers the path taken by Chris Bonington and his team the 14-year-old Mendelssohn, who, coming from used our knives on the successful Dessau in 1743, had to turn back from the djmb of the South Face of Annapuma Halleschen Tor to the Rosenthal Gate, since Jews and the great ascent of the could only enter Berlin at the Rosenthal Gate. South West Face of Everest. For the gift that is different TUCHOLSKY but sure to please, choose from tha A proposal for West Berlin to acquire and wide range of Victorinox pocket knives. restore the house in Luebecker Strasse (Moabit) in There is no better gift which Kurt Tucholsky was born in 1890 and set to carry your company logo. it up as a museum m his memory was found unfeasible by the Senate, but negotiations with FOR DETAILS WRITE OR PHONE SWISS CUTLERY (GIFTS) LIMITED the Restoration and Preservation authorities VICTORIIMOX HOUSE 1 RIDGE ROAD LONDON NW2 2QR • 01 435 5475 would be pursued. E.G.L. Page 6 AJR INFORMA-nON November 1981

Ernst Weiss, Joseph Roth, Emst Fischer and Donald A. Prater Walter Bauer were among the many who had reason to be grateful to him for this). The tally will never be established of his countless acts of generosity and self-sacrifice. It is not always those STEFAN ZWEIG whose humanist ideals are most praised who can translate them into real humanity in their dealings with others. Centenary of a Humanist Such an outlook presupposes an essential opti­ mism. In Stefan Zweig's make-up, however, his idealistic enthusiasm was combined, in sharp con­ 28 November this year will mark the 100th birth­ active service, he began with propagandist work trast, with a strongly pessimistic streak. He was day of Stefan Zweig, and on 23 February next in the War Archives in Vienna, but he felt grow­ always subject to periodic deep depressions, and the 40th anniversary of his death by his own hand ing revulsion at the never-ending slaughter. In even at times of greatest euphoria tended to stress as an exile in Brazil, in despair of ever seeing his 1916 he poured out his feelings in the dramatic the black side of life. This was especially so in "true homeland" of Europe survive the fratricidal poem "Jeremias": the apotheosis of defeat and politics, where his usually naive approach was strife of Hitler's war. Zweig was a prolific and of the eternal power in the Jewish people to strangely assorted with a remarkable clairvoyance, vastly popular writer, once ranking as the most overcome and survive it. He was able to travel to which was to be proved right time and time again translated author of Europe, with books available Switzerland for the staging of the drama by by events. Already by the end of 1933, with a in nearly 40 languages. To the present generation Reinhardt, joining the small intemational band of foreboding of what was to come to Austria, he in England he is regrettably little known. Even in those who were against the war: Rolland, Pierre- had moved for a time to London, and in fact set Germany, it is a paradox that, while many of his Jean Jouve, Frans Masereel, Hermann Hesse. up home here in the following year, though best works are still in print, attracting a wide In the immediate postwar years he began to continuing to travel as restlessly as before. His readership, and often appearing as television pro­ develop a conscious programme of international­ emigration was in effect only one more move in ductions, he has till now been almost totally ism, a contribution, as he saw it, to understanding an already nomadic life. After the Anschluss in ignored by "German literature". The impact of between the former combatants. He published a 1938 he applied for British naturalization, which the centenary of his birth, however, seems to be trilogy of major essays on Balzac, Dickens and was eventually granted in March 1940. During correcting this injustice to a sensitive and many- Dostoyevsky, and completed an enthusiastic bio­ these years he wrote the successful biographies of faceted writer, and fortunately there is now some graphical study of his idol Rolland. He deserted "Magellan" and "Mary Queen of Scots" and his prospect that he will regain the recognition he Vienna for Salzburg, a more central base from only full-length novel, "Beware of Pity", a nostal­ deserves. which he could readily travel to the corners of his gic evocation of pre-First War Austria which Great popularity in a writer's lifetime, to be "vielfache Heimat". An Insel-Verlag author since made a successful film in 1946 and has recently sure, is not always a sign of worth or necessarily 1906, he now actively contributed to widening re-emerged as an excellent Franco-German tele­ a guarantee of posthumous fame. But there was Anton Kippenberg's list to embrace European vision production. more to Zweig than merely the author of beguil­ rather than purely German literature, notably The English, he found when he first arrived, had ing Novellen, popularising essays and romantic with the "Bibliotheca mundi" editions in the only one aim: to keep out of the political mine­ biographies. He occupied, both before and after original languages and with his introduction to a field—"and that is mine too as a writer." This did 1914, a unique place in the intellectual history of translation of Verlaine. not spare his books from the burning of 10 May Europe, indefatigable as a mediator, a translator 1933, but it also subjected him to criticism from exiles who would like to have seen him more in the best sense from one culture to another. He Great Popularity was a Jew who fulfilled his people's sacred mis­ active in the fight against Nazism. His reaction sion, as Rolland put it in "Jean Christophe", "qui But the extraordinary popularity he enjoyed in est de rester . . . le peuple qui tisse.^d'un bout k the twenties and thirties, with editions among the Continued on page 7 I'autre du monde, le reseau de I'unit^ humaine", biggest of the Insel-Verlag, came primarily from and a humanist like his "revered master of his stories of passion and conflict ("Fear", another age", Erasmus. The ideals for which he "Amok", "Letter from an Unknown Woman", strove—peace, the liberty of the individual, the "Confusion of Sentiments"), and then from the moral unity of Europe and the world—remain vivid biographies ("Fouch6", "Marie Antoinette"). still before us, lending a significance today to his It was a success which many begrudged him, and Remember work which will surely be seen to overshadow that often tended, then as now, to deprecate as vulgar­ of many of his better-remembered contemporaries. isation of Freud or mere railway-carriage reading. Israel Born into the wealthy Jewish bourgeoisie of In fact, it derived from an insatiable curiosity Vienna, he early developed an almost fanatical about human motivations and an unerring ability enthusiasm for the world of letters, which was to portray them in situations which were far from 8o Israel may remember you actively encouraged by his parents. He had barely everyday. left school when his first volume of verse On such a firm basis he could afford to devote If you wish Israel and Jewish appeared ("Silberne Saiten", 1901). But already in himself to the work which he considered more Organisations to benefit by your his university years he was directing his gaze important and for which his name assured a beyond the confines of Austria and Germany and receptive public. There were further essay Will, why not consult us? devoting himself to the translation of the works trilogies—Stendhal, Casanova and Tolstoy (1928); of the Belgian poet Emile Verhaeren, in admir­ Holderlin, Kleist and Nietzsche (1925) and the We have a special knowledge of ation of Verhaeren's enthusiastic view of life that "healers through the mind", Mesmer, Mary the problems and needs of transcended the limits of the national and seemed Baker Eddy and Freud (1931)—and a notable to herald a truly modem flowering of the series of historical miniatures, "The Tide of Jewish Clients, and can help you European spirit. And, with his doctorate behind Fortune" (Sternstunden der Menschheit") (1927). or your Solicitor to carry out your him, he used his material independence not just to He also scored considerable dramatic successes travel through Europe and the world but to live with a free adaptation of Ben Jonson's "Volpone" intentions. for months at a time in Belgium, England, France (1925) and a play on a Napoleonic theme, "Das or Italy, a true "citizen of the world". The Lamm des Armen" (1929). These were all sub­ For further information and undoubted talent he showed in following well- stantial achievements in their own right, but again, advice, without obligation and trodden paths with his verse, dramas and Novellen just as important was his prodigious output of soon brought him a modest renown, even success. articles, essays, introductions, appreciations of the free of charge, please apply to: But in the perspective of today we can see as work of his contemporaries in Europe and the perhaps more valuable the apparently secondary great figures of its past, in counterpoint as it were Mr H. Rothman (Director) activity of translations, reviews and essays which to his main themes. he had already begun to devote to the wider His aim with such work, he wrote in 1937, was K.K.L. Executor & Trustee Co. Ltd. sphere of European literature, and which found a "to serve, modestly but loyally, our imperishable Harold Poster House, symbol in the meeting he arranged in Paris in 1913 ideal; humane understanding between men, ideas, between Rilke, Romain Rolland and Verhaeren. cultures and nations". But his concern for under­ Kingsbury Circle, After the first shock of war in 1914, it took standing found expression also in the ties of London, NW9 SSP. some time before he could recover his inter­ personal friendship, which for him, in Rolland's Telephone: 01-204 9911, Ext: 36 national outlook and draw its logical consequence, words, was almost a religion. He was a tireless the positive pacifism of Romain Rolland. Unfit for promoter of the work of others (Felix Braun, AJR INFORMATION November 1981 Page? Continued from page 6 IN MEMORY OF RABBI J. J. KOKOTEK

STEFAN ZWEIG It is hardly three months that tribute was paid of a chazan whenever this was required. Perhaps to Rabbi Jakob J. Kokotek in these coliunns on his fine feeling for music was only another Was typically indirect, to symbolize his standpyoint the occasion of his 70th birthday. It would be expression of his artistic talents so evident in his in a brilliant study of "Erasmus of Rotterdam" inappropriate to repeat all the data of his career own designs for the Synagogue's Ark and the (1934)—also a man of the "middle way" in times as a Rabbi and scholar on the occasion of his Menorah which graces the lobby to the Syna­ of fanaticism—and later in one of Castellio, the death on 10 September. gogue's hall. One should also mention his great opponent of the fanatic Calvin ("The Right to He received his Hattara from the Juedisch- love of Israel—Israel the people, and Israel the Heresy", 1936). He was of course obliged to sever Theologische Seminar in Breslau. The Seminar's state and the country. Only a person truly com­ his 25-year association with Kippenberg's Insel- aim was the teaching of "positive historical mitted to Israel could point out weaknesses in Verlag, but he did not escape further criticism for Judaism"—the faithful conservative acceptance of policy without being suspected of being "anti", failing to withdraw the libretto he had written Jewish tradition and precepts, and their "histori­ an attitude so often, and wrongly, attributed to (before 1933) for Richard Strauss's opera "The cal" interpretation, often freely expressed in the leaders and members of progressive congregations. Silent Woman", which was to be performed in inquisitive and searching process of liberal think­ Rabbi Kokotek devoted great efforts to oecumeni­ Dresden in 19-35. ing in its continental connotation. This solid cal tasks within the Council of Christians and Seeing himself always as a European, he never traditional background was the essence of Rabbi Jews and had a happy relationship with the forgot that he was also a Jew, and it was the Kokotek's personality, coupled with true feeling Synagogue's neighbour, St. Peter's Church next appalling plight of his people, as the Nazi tide for and understanding of the religious and human door. His cordial relationship with Rabbis of other surged remorselessly ever further, which prompted problems facing a community of continental Jews sections of the Jewish Community—on the ortho­ him to break an otherwise total silence. In who found an economic and intellectual home in dox side as well as on the progressive one—also articles and speeches he addressed himself to this England, but not a religious one in the factions reflected his oecumenical views. burning question—but, again typically, he argued and categories of Anglo-Jewry's religious life. To He was a member of the B'nai B'rith Leo against returning hatred for hatred. "I believe this community—once the New Liberal Jewish Baeck (London) Lodge which he addressed on ^at a man who yields to it permanently loses a Congregation, now the Belsize Square Syna­ many occasions. His forthcoming retirement would part of his moral strength, and, above all, I gogue—Rabbi Kokotek represented a true Moreh have provided a welcome opportunity for him to believe, just as I did in the Great War, that hatred Nevuchim, a Guide for the Perplexed. Many of take a more active part in the life of the Lodge. must never be directed against a whole com­ his congregants would uncritically accept his And finally, one should mention his devotion munity. . . . The only way of fighting the new- words in sermons and lectures or in a simple to his family—his wife, a tower of strength even hatred b from within ... by finding the road Schrifterklaerung on Sabbath mornings, but others in occasional hours of depression and despond­ back to ourselves." In his legend of the Menorah, would consider them an intellectual challenge; an ence; his daughters and sons-in-law who in no "The Buried Candelabmm" (1937), he wrote: attitude he respected and to which he responded small way contributed to impressing a youthful "Perhaps the eternal persecution of our people often with tolerance and understanding; all the character on the Belsize Square constellation, and over the earth has a meaning: that the holy more remarkable, as in communal affairs he often his five grandchildren, his own joy and a promise appears to us holier still with distance, and that gave the impression that he would not suffer for the future of the Synagogue. our heart becomes ever more humble in our fools gladly. Jakob Kokotek was looking forward to his extremity." It was not a message that could be When he accepted his "call" from Liverpool retirement. In his active career he often proved expected to find approval everywhere, but it was to Hampstead he was warned that he would face that he would not disdain the good things in life— entirely of a piece with Zweig's humanist and an ageing community whose days might be num­ and these included intellectual stimuli as much pacific nature. Not that he sat inactive on the bered as their children had already either in­ as the comforts of a good life. He could hardly sidelines: both publicly and privately, his per­ tegrated into other synagogues of Anglo-Jewry, or ever enjoy them at leisure. It was not granted to sonal efforts were immense to help with money had lost interest in religious and communal life. him in retirement—he went as he would have and practical assistance the refugees less fortunate How wrong these prophets of doom proved to wanted to go, without any lingering suffering or than himself. When the war finally came, he soon be. Under Rabbi Kokotek's guidance his con­ intellectual decline. Our sympathy goes out to his recognized that the destmction of Hitler was the gregation doubled in membership, and whilst the family and friends, and last but not least to his Only way to the world's salvation, but he felt, with synagogue valued and respected the mature and congregation, who will find it difficult to find a his ever-pervading pessimism, that his generation aged members of continental origin, a new age replacement with the same background as that of Would not live to see it. group of their children and their children's its founder members, forward looking progressive : Sailing in the summer of 1940 from England to friends, born and educated in this country, in their outlook and conservative in preservation America for a lecture tour in Brazil and Argen­ accepted the Rabbi's precepts and are carrying of all that is best in their tradition—all of which tina, he found himself incapable of attempting a on the tradition of the Congregation's founders in was personified in Rabbi Kokotek's life and return, for he thought Europe as he had known the management of communal affairs and even in character. ARNOLD HORWELL ft was lost beyond recall. He found refuge finally the conduct of the Synagogue's religious services. in Brazil, settling in September 1941 in Petro- Reference has been made in other places to DR. EUGEN GLUECKAUF polis, near Rio de Janeiro. His "memoirs of a Rabbi Kokotek's scholarship and the warmth of Dr. Eugen Glueckauf, FRS, who was Head of European", "The World of Yesterday", perhaps his personal relationship to congregants and the Radiochemistry Branch at the Atomic Energy the finest work to have come out of the German friends. Some aspects, not shown so far in other Research Establishment at Harwell until his re­ exile and an incomparable record of his time, was tributes, deserve to be mentioned: foremost, his tirement in 1971, died recently at the age of 75. sent off for publication in Stockholm, and he tme Yiddishkeit, manifested in a sense of humour He was born in Eisenach, and was educated at Completed one of his best shorter works, "The and the facility with which he could relate a good the Technische Hochschule in Berlin, where he Royal Game" ("Schachnovelle"). But he worked story, often apposite and resolving an otherwise received the degrees of Dip.Ing. in 1931 and with increasing listlessness, obsessed by the feehng Dr.Ing. in 1932. He emigrated in 1933, was at critical and potentially controversial situation. first at Imperial College and then, from 1939 to that his time was past, and an essay on Mon­ This Yiddishkeit was coupled with a spirit of 1947 at Durham. He was interned for several taigne, and above all the "great Balzac" he had modesty—he willingly undertook to leienen and, months in 1940. His nuclear research started in planned for many years, remained torsos. With the with great musical talent, to accept the functions 1944, when, using chromatography he succeeded entry of Japan into the war and the fall of in separating the isotopes of lithium, of neon and Singapore, the pessimist in him gained the upper of hydrogen. hand, and in Febmary 1942 he and his young In 1947 he was invited to Harwell, where he second wife sought death by their own hands. estimate its worth. But on the other hand I feel was appointed a Principal Scientific Officer and spent the rest of his working life. He rose quickly He held it better, he wTote in his last message, for myself an important obligation consciously and as his outstanding ability was recognised and he |to conclude in good time and with self-respect a actively to develop that unifying, comprehensive became Head of the Radiochemistry Branch. He life in which intellectual labour meant the purest element which—through the European mode of was awarded a DSc (London) in 1951 and was joy, and personal freedom the highest good on life of my early days, varied experience of the elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1969. earth. I salute all my friends! May it be granted world and friendships reaching out beyond Ger­ His enthusiasm stimulated all who worked with Oiem yet to see the dawn after the long night! I, many—has not been without effect. . . . Here I him. He was a great music lover and had a ftll too impatient, go on before." Almost exactly see a task for which I am by nature and destiny remarkable collection of records. He was a mem­ 40 years before, with a self-confidence not to be particularly suited, and I take comfort in the ber of the Parish Council of Chilton, where he found in his "World of Yesterday", he had written thought that my literary achievement, even if lived. He was a devoted family man. In 1934 he married Irma Tepper and they had one daughter, •n an autobiographical sketch a revealing assess­ itself insignificant, may be of value in this sense Barbara. He was an active member of the ment of his endeavours, which may well stand of solidarity, perhaps even of greater effect in this Oxford Jewish Congregation, treasurer of the today on his 100th birthday: invisible way than in the outward form of book Oxford B'nai Brith group and a member of the "I give as much as I can—it is not for me to or drama." AJR. Pages AJR INFORMATION November 1981

"PLAIN SPEAKING" CALL IN ESSEN In a memorial ceremony in Essen, timed to MISCELLANEOUS coincide with the 50,000th visit to the exhibition in the Old Synagogue since its opening in 1980, WOLFHAGEN-STORY WITH OMISSIONS FORMER CITIZENS INVITED stress was laid on the proper use of words. The Paul Gorlich's "Wolfhagen—the History of a Once again the Gesellschaft fiir christlich- sarcophagus in front of the Old Synagogue for­ North Hessian City" opens with the present mayor's judische Zusammenarbeit has invited former merly bore the bland inscription, "Over 2,500 Jews remark that "Whoever wants to understand the pre­ Jewish citizens to the city of Marburg, the third of the city of Essen had to depart this life during sent has to know the past". The understanding of such gathering since 1979. 30 guests came from the years 1933 to 1945"; the wording has now the past appears to be selective. After noting that the USA, Brazil, France and Israel, many of them been changed to read "In memory of the 2,5(X) the economic boycott of the Jews obliged them to seeing the town for the first time in 50 years. Jews of the city of Essen who were murdered by abandon their businesses, and that the subsequent Greetings from local dignitaries and organised the Nazi regime in the years 1933-1945". In his fate of very few was known Gorlich remarks that tours of the district made the visitors feel at closing speech, Benno Reicher (representative of "no Jewish inhabitant of Wolfhagen was trans­ home. In the course of their stay they saw Martin the Jewish Community of Essen) said, "Truth is ported to an extermination camp", omitting the Buber's house in Heppenheim, the restored syna­ also a matter of language. In Nazi documents crucial work "directly". There appear to have gogue of Worms and the mediaeval cemetery about their victims you can see such phrases as been no Jews in Wolfhagen from very early on there. 'died in the concentration camp'. Documents like in the Nazi period. While in the appendix all In St. Wendel in Saarland, a similar invitation that are included in the exhibition here. But that those killed in the First World War (including was extended to former citizens. Among the is not the truth. The truth is called Murder. . . . Jews) are listed, there is also a list of those places of interest which they visited was the I should like to thank you for the new inscription killed and missing in the Second World War, but Heimatmuseum where an exhibition of works by and also to thank you for the efforts which have with no mention of what happened to the Wolf­ the local painter Leismann was to be seen. The been made to speak the truth, so that here in hagen Jews. On the other hand, there is a one- artist's paintings showed many features drawn this house young people have an opportunity to page list produced in 1948 which, drawn from from his experiences in Israel. learn German history. In this way the city of the town's archives, records the Jewish inhabi­ EMIL GUMBEL REMEMBERED Essen fulfils that duty which the victims demand tants' "Property and Accommodation Position" from us . . .". in 1933, a document that could have been dis­ There seems to be a rebirth of interest in the pensed with since there is no comparable mat­ life and work of Emil Gumbel, the economist- JEWISH FATE IN WUPPERTAL erial for any other section of the population. statistician and jxplitical activist of the Weimar Following the appearance of a book issued by In a boolc on Melsungen (which, with Wolf­ Period, who died in 1966 in New York, and who the town of Wuppertal concerning anti-Nazi hagen belonged to the Hessian-Nassau Jewish would have been 90 on 18 July. After the First resistance in the area, Kurt Schnoring was in­ World War, in which he had fought, he brought spired to write on the fate of the Jews in District Office of Kassel)—"Melsungen, the Wuppertal (formerly Elberfeld-Barmen). Pub­ History of a City" there is no special chapter on out a series of books about secret German re­ armament, and about the murderous activities of lished by Peter Hammer Verlag, his work is the Jews, but useful information can be found entitled "Auschwitz begann in Wuppertal" and in in the text. Thus, nine Jews from Melsungen the German extreme right ("Verschworer, Zur it he traces the individual stories of Jewish citi­ found refuge in the USA, three each in Palestine, Geschichte und Soziologie der deutschen national­ zens and gives a broad picture of their conditions Belgium, England and South Africa, and one in istischen Geheimbiinde 1918 bis 1924", "Vier Jahre of life under the swastika. Several references are South America; but 40 could not leave. E.G.L. politischer Mord"—both recently reprinted). As made to perhaps the most noted Jewish inhabitant, early as 1929 Gumbel was suspended from his the poet Else Lasker-Schiiler, who emigrated in DR. JOSEF SCHUSTER teaching post in mathematical statistics and 1933. Illustrations show the synagogue destroyed Dr. Med Josef Schuster was awarded the actuarial mathematics at Heidelberg, and dis­ in 1938 together with the memorial plaque which University of Wuerzburg's Prize for outstanding missed in 1932. He later taught in American now exists on the site. scientific achievement for his thesis on "The universities and published in English a book Mortality Rate of Jewish and Non-Jewish ("Statistics of Extremes", 1958) which was also Babies". The Hebrew University in Jerusalem translated into other languages; he himself trans­ LEGAaES sent an invitation to Dr. Schuster to give a lated Bertrand Russell into German. There is an The AJR Charitable Trust received a legacy of lecture during its First Intemational Congress Emil Julius Gumbel Collection in the New York £1,417.54 from the estate of the late Miss Martha on "Medicine in the Bible". Leo Baeck Institute comprising a wealth of Eckstein and £7,324.07 from the estate of the late material on his scholarly and political activities. Mr. Martin Newstead. E.G.L. CORRECTION The address of the publishers of Lotte Kramer's France S Germany's "Family Arrivals" (p. 9 of the October issue) is "Poet and Printer", 30 (not 340) Grimsdyke Road, Hatch End, Middx. The price is 90 pence includ­ Finest Wines ing postage. SHIPPED BY with the compliments of CAMDEN AUCTIONS (AUCTIONEERS & VALUERS) LTD HOUSE OF The Salerooms, Hoppers Road, The Green, Winchmore Hill, N21 HALLGARTEN Telephone: 01-886 1550 I am able to offer you a supert FORTNIGHTLY SALES selection of French (incl. Kosher OF ANTIQUES AND OBJETS D'ART Alsace) and German wines ON THURSDAYS AT 10.30 am shipped by the famous Importers Viewing: Wednesday 9.30-8 pm House of Hailgarten, and to advise and prior to Sale Pafra you personally and help you wHh FREE VALUATIONS, PROBATES, your wine purchases. The selection CLEARANCES - SINGLE ITEMS synthetic adhesives ranges from your everyday wines ACCEPTED INCLUDING PAINTINGS, adhesive applicators to the finest for your special JEWELLERY, SILVER, OLD CLOCKS, FURNITURE, PORCELAIN, ETC. Simcha. Please telephone or call In for advice and further Delivery to all U.K. addresses Information. Pafra Limited Opening Hours: 9.30-5.30 Monday to Please write or phone: Friday (closed Monday and Tuesday after Bentalis. Basildon JUSTIN GOLDMEIER Sale) and 9.30-12.00 Saturday. Essex. SS14 3BU Commission: 10% up to £200 - 8% £200- Wine Merchant £500 - 7% over £500 on single items. 22 Pennine Oilve, London, N.Wul Transport Available Tel: 01-455 8672 Next Auctions: 12th and 26th November. •Hi ••IHH^iBil;£Sftja5;tii»a.,feg:-'-!!.Ba°.ii i

AIR INFORMATION November 1981 Page 9

ERICH LUETITS NEW BOOK Miriam Kochan In the latest instalment of his autobiography, "Ein Hamburger Schwimmt Gegen den Strom" (Conrad Kayser Verlag, Hamburg), Erich Uith MAGIC OF THE DESERT tells us as much about the times he has lived in as about his personal life. And on the brink of 80, it is a long life with much to tell, above all about the people he has known as a journalist There is no greater proof that it is better to "And when we think we have done so the with very wide interests in the arts and politics. desert gets its own back, and we find the human He began by writing on theatre and sport, during travel hopefully than to arrive, than the Egged the Nazi period was forced to confine himself to route from Jerusalem to the Dead Sea. Through desert asserting itself in the form of labour strife a specialised economics journal, then as an the bus window one gazes enthralled at the at the Dead Sea potash works or the spiritual and American POW was editor of the Lagerpost, and rhythmic sandy folds of the Judaean desert. social poverty of the development towns. . . ." returned to journalism in Hamburg after the war. This is the only desert that the conventional Evenari has attempted to re-create Nabataean He has always had a special interest in Jews and British tourist to Israel usually sees. Soon, it agricultural methods in the desert ("We haven't Jewish affairs and Israel, successfully sued Veit may be almost all the desert that he will be imposed ourselves on the desert. We've adapted Harlan over "Jud Suss" and wrote the "Friedens able to see when the handover of Sinai to ourselves, our ideas and our methods to the bitte an Israel". Among the well-known Jewish Egypt is completed and Israeli army plans to desert and established a creative harmony with personalities appearing in the book are Gershon it".) At the other end of the pole is hydro- Avner (originally Gunter Hirsch from Berlin), tum the Negev into a vast military training Miriam Ziegel-Horwitz, Ben Gurion, Martin ground materialise. geologist Arieh Issar, who discovered an Buber, Rabbi Dr. Paul Holzer of Hamburg, Lesley Hazleton is no conventional British "ocean" under Sinai which is today being uti­ Ambassador Felix Shinnar, Dr. Robert Kempner, tourist. An English psychologist-cum-journalist lised for drip irrigation. Yet he too seems to Eliahu Livneh (originally Dr. Karl Liebstein). living in Israel, she has fallen victim to the be striving towards the same end. "We have E.G.L. magic of the desert, soaked herself in its the scientific energy, the intellectual energy. AWARD FOR FORMER FRANKFURT mystique, studied its flora, fauna, inhabitants, And by using it wisely, we won't be imposing LAWYER history, geography, geology and agriculture. ourselves on the desert. If we use what is in The Hessian Culture Ministry in Wiesbaden Some of this knowledge and fascination she the desert with wisdom, we can achieve a has awarded its Goethe Medal to Dr. Ludwig- imparts in a highly readable book. Where creative harmony with it . . . ". Lutz Rosenthal, the former Frankfurt lawyer Creative harmony is obviously the golden who emigrated, through Holland, to Guatemala, Mountains Roar: In search of the Sinai for his services to literature and history. He was desert.* Skipping like a mountain goat from mean to be aimed at, and it is little wonder born at Bergen near Hanau. Among his works dune to dune, riding camel-back with the that many have found, if not the Creator, the are his "History of the Jews in the former Israeli Army's Camel Corps, learning the art inspiration to seek Him in its lofty expanses. Duchy of Hanau", a history of the Darmstadt of desert tracking with a Beduin expert, travel­ Ms. Hazleton analyses "that unnameable fear Haggada, of the minnesanger Susskind von Trim- ling in a jeep with the Nature Reserve Autho­ that led people to create a single strong god berg, of the Hanau Rabbi Mosche Sondheimer rity's Green Patrol, she opens unknown vistas in the desert". It was "no chance of historical and his descendants' metal trading firm, and "Heine the Jew" (Ullstein, 1973). His most recent on desert life. Her acrivities result in passages fate that all three of the world's monotheistic work (1980) is "Endlosung der Judenfrage: Mas- with delicately drawn, carefully observed detail religions are very strongly linked to this senmord oder Gaskammerluge?". — of the sex life of the desert snail, for desert". example, or of the psychology and physiology BERLIN INSTITUTE FOR of the camel — as well as more down-to-earth THE JUEDISCHER FRAUENBUND 1904-1938 ADVANCED STUDY descriptions of the ill effects of dehydration or This book on the Judischer Frauenbund by the The West Berlin Senate has established an the pleasures of drinking freshly-ground Turkish 35-year-old American historian Dr. Marion A. Institute for Advanced Study on the model of coffee. Kaplan, which originally appeared in 1979 in the ones at Princeton (USA), Wassenaar (Hol­ land) and France. It is called "Wissenschaftskolleg These minutiae do not exclude discussion of English, has just been published in a German translation. The German version is much more zu Berlin", and among the first 18 scholars larger issues, such as the Arab-Israeli dispute than just a translation, since it is a considerably invited to pursue their researches there are Prof. or the peace with Egypt. Not all Ms. Hazle- expanded book, with twice as many explanatory Gershom Scholem of Jerusalem and the young ton's findings are wholely creditable to Israel. footnotes. The Hamburg "Institut fur die Gesch­ American literary critic Michal Ginsburg. They The attitude of the Israeli government to the ichte der deutschen Juden" undertook the task and will be joined later by the Cologne-based Beduin population of the desert, and the ac­ published the book as Volume VII of its series linguistic scholar Dr. Dietz Dering, who is writing a biography of the Police Vice-President tions of the Green Patrol in implementing its "Beitrage zur Geschichte der deutschen Juden". In German the book is called "Die judische of Berlin in the late twenties and early thirties. policy are likely in her opinion to draw Dr. Bernhard Weiss (see report in this issue.) Israel's 40,000 Beduin, once active upholders of Frauenbewegung in Deutschland—Organisation und Ziele des Judischen Frauenbundes 1904-1938" E.G.L. the regime, firmly into the Middle East con­ (Hans Christians Verlag, Hamburg, 1981). flict. Much of the material on which the book is DR. HERBERT ARENDT Likewise with agriculture, the Israelis' atti­ based came from the Leo Baeck Institute in New Dr. Herbert Arendt died on 20 September. He tude to the desert, encapsulated in Ben Gurion's York. Among the subjects covered are Jewish came to this country with his late wife several philosophy of "making the desert bloom", is women and their organisations 1871-1914, Bertha years before the outbreak of war. As he already contrary to her own. "The development towns", Pappenheim, the social composition, aims and had a good knowledge of English Tax Law, he organisation of the JFB, the feminist demands of continued his studies in this country and became 'he states, "seems like fortresses turned in on the trusted adviser of many fellow refugees. themselves in a futile attempt to resist the the JFB, and the struggle for women's suflfrage in the Jewish community. E.G.L. During the post-war years, his clientele included force of the desert outside". And elsewhere: many recipients of compensation payments, whose "green fields" do not belong there . . . they A CENTURY OF AUSTRIAN JEWS interests he took up with great expertise and are too tame, too pretty for the desert". Newly published by Macmillan is George success. He was a member of the KJV students Michael Evenari, botanist and agriculturalist Clare's "Last Waltz in Vienna: the destruction of fraternity and of the AJR since its inception. A *hom Ms. Hazleton interviewed, agrees with a family 1842-1942", £8.95. The German edition kind and helpful man, he will be missed by all who knew him. her. "The desert may conquer us, but we will was reviewed in our July issue. never conquer it", she quotes him as saying. MRS. MARIE HYAMSON Mrs. Marie Hyamson, who died recently in 'Where Mountains Roar: In search of the Sinai desert", BELSIZE SQUARE SYNAGOGUE London at the age of 88, was one of the last By Lesley Hazleton, Victor Gollancz Ltd., 1980. £7.95. survivors among those closely involved in the invites you and your friends to come to setting up of the British Mandate in Palestine. Her husband Albert held the post of Director of BAZAAR '81 Immigration under the Palestine High Commis­ sioner, Sir Herbert Samuel. BECHSTEIN STEINWAY BLUTHNSH SATURDAY, Sth December from 5 pm SUNDAY, 6th December from IVam to 6 pm CAMPS Finest selection reconditioned PIANOS INTERNMENT-P.O.W.- Always interested in purchasing at 51 Belsize Square, NW3 (near Swiss Cottage) FORCED LABOUR—KZ well-preserved instruments I with to buy cardt, envelopes and folded poet- Stalls, Restaurant, Children's Bazaar marked letters from all camps of both world wars. JACQUES SAMUEL PIANOS LTD. Please send, registered mall, stating price, to: 142 Edgware Road, W.2 Tel.: 723 8818/9 ENTRANCE 25p BARGAINS GALORE 14 Rosslyn Hill, London, NWS 1PF PETER C. RICKENBACK Page 10 AJR INFORMATION November 1981

OLD AGE PROBLEMS EASED NEWS FROM ISRAEL A problem unique to Israel is the high pro­ portion of elderly people who first came to the country as immigrants. Addressing an Age Con­ NEW ISRAELI TOURIST OFFICER MORE GERMANS VISIT ISRAEL cern meeting in London, Professor Simon Once turned away from Palestine's shores, when Nearly 80,000 Germans visited Israel over the Bergman, professor of gerontology at Tel Aviv he was a passenger on the notorious immigrant period January-May 1981, a rise of 11 per cem University, spoke of the special difficulties for the ship Exodus, Aharon Dishon's new job is to over the corresponding figures for last year. older immigrant for whom "immigration is dis­ welcome tourists to Israel. He has just taken over Tourists numbered 69,616 out of a total of 78,576 placement, it is uprooting, it is unlearning norms". as head of the Israel Government Tourist Office in visitors during those five months. He was proud of Israel's progress in dealing with London. the trouble of its older citizens. A native of Poland, Mr. Dishon fled to Russia with his parents when the Germans invaded his ISRAELI PRISONS CRITICISED country. The family were among the very first Israel's prisons have been condemned in a CHURCH SOLIDARITY WITH ISRAEL immigrants to the new State of Israel in 1948, report by a special committee. Conditions were their immigration numbers being, 3, 4 and 5. described as "overcrowded and subhuman" and Nes Ammin, the Christian settlement in Israel, With them came 50 Jewish orphans whose parents the report recommended that the Interior Minis­ has expressed its fears concerning Israel's position had been murdered by the Nazis. try should be relieved of responsibility for the in the world today and has called on all churches country's 15 prison establishments. However, the to display solidarity and imderstanding for Israel's CORAL TANKS IN ELAT plight. Settlement leaders also seek sympathy with conunittee did not personally blame the Minister, the innocent who have suffered on both sides of An Israeli chain of hotels, the Moriah group, Dr. Yosef Burg, and it was emphasised that Jewish the border, and continuing endeavours towards is soon to offer a new attraction in Elat, where it prisoners suffered quite as much as Arabs. reconciliation. Finally they appeal for prayers for is building coral reef tanks as an extension to its a lasting peace in the region, so that all the offshore underwater observatory. The visitor seek­ peoples affected may live in safety and human ing a thrill of terror to complete his enjoyment SEA-TO-SEA CANAL PROBLEMS will be able to gaze on great sharks and other dignity. tropical fish. Elat Marine Museum and observa­ Israeli plans for a canal between the Mediter­ tory is considered one of the finest sea projects ranean and the Dead Sea have met with objec­ in the world: the company run another similar tions from the Jordanians, who say that the link project at St. Thomas (American Virgin Isles). should rather be with the Red Sea. This, they YAD VASHEM BOOK AWARD believe, would replenish the Dead Sea's failing Yad Vashem, Jerusalem, has announced a new waters far better than the Israeli scheme. Both book award in memory of the unknown victims HAIFA CENTRE SEEKS FUNDS parties declare that their respective plans will not of the Holocaust. It will be known as the Ka- When Rabbi Max Meir Elk, the German harm the potash plants on the southern shores of Tzetnik Award. Books and manuscripts to be Liberal leader, emigrated to Palestine in 1935, he the Sea, and each maintains that the other's submitted must have been published or written set up a synagogue in Haifa, followed by a class­ scheme will interfere with potash-winning. The within the previous five years; they have to be room in 1938, and finally established the Leo Israelis point out that, from the outset, Jordan original works on the Holocaust or on Israel's Baeck School and Educational Centre. Today the has been asked to take a direct part in the sea- rebirth, and testify against hatred while encourag­ enlarged Centre, still sited in Haifa, caters for to-sea project. ing the dignity of man. 1,200 teenagers, many of them immigrants from Because of Chancellor Bruno Kreisky's anti- the Soviet Union, France and the Americas. A Israel statement, Israeli Deputy Prime Minister high proportion are Sephardis. Although the Simcha Erlich cancelled a visit to Austria, where school receives Government grants, these are he was due to promote the sale of Israel Bonds ELAT CONNECTION FOR AIR TRAVELLERS insufficient to cover special projects or to help to finance the canal project. On a happier note, El Al passengers on the Sunday flight from poor parents: accordingly the Centre is appealing eight British founder-subscribers were presented Heathrow to Tel Aviv will soon be able to change for £2.5 million from progressive Jewish com­ with souvenir scrolls detailing their purchase of at Ben Gurion airport into an aircraft flying direct munities in Europe and America. The executive Israel Bonds. Professor Yigael Yadin, attending to Elat across the Negev. Customs and immi­ director, Mr. Herbert Bettelheim, and his wife the function, said that the Med-Dead Sea canal, gration formalities will take place at Elat. This is have lately visited London to further the task of paid for by bond subscriptions, "would be the the first flight connection between London and the fund-raising. fulfilment of Herzl's dream". popular Red Sea resort.

FAMILY EVENTS Schoenewald:— Dr. Gert Schoene- Schwab:— Mrs. Kaethe Schwab, 78 1921, last known address 6 Middle wald. General Practitioner and Cardi­ Audle>' Road, Hendon, London, Field, St. John's Wood Park, London, Entries in the column Family Events ologist, died on 3 October, while on N.W.4 (formerly of Chemnitz), will N.W.S. Theodor Korner, born 1926 are free of charge: any voluntary holiday in Germany, after a brief be celebrating her 85th birthday on and mother Erna Korner (nee Coon), donations would, however, be appreci­ illness. He will long be mourned and 17 November, 1981. lived in Scotland at one time but ated. Texts should be sent in by I5lh sadly missed by all his family, friends mother and son are thought now to be of the month. For Sale and patients. PORTABLE "CONTINENTAL" living in London. TYPEWRITER, German Keyboard, SOLDIERS OF THE JEWISH BRIG­ Deaths Sulzbacber:— Martin Sulzbacher, on excellent condition. Tel. 674 4641. Erev Yom Kippur, October 7th, aged 85. ADE. Adi Grossmann, Ernst Hesse, Sadly missed by his wife, his sons and Personal Alfred Levy (who studied in Oxford), Arendt:— Herbert Arendt passed all from Stettin, are asked for by away on 20 September. His wife daughter, daughters-in-law, son-in-law, ATTRACTIVE. CULTURED, intelli­ nephews, nieces, grandchildren and gent and sensitive lady (50 plus) their comrade H. H. Hammerstein, Lieselotte died a few months earlier. 1 Rakephet Str., Naharia, Israel. Our sympathy to Elizabeth, John and many relatives and friends. would like a creative relationship relatives. Herbert and Lieselotte, our with like minded male in need of dear irreplaceable friends will always female companionship. Interested in be remembered by Charlotte and Birth the arts, conversation and travel. Box Hermann Schreibcr, Bournemouth. Fisher:— On 11 October to Ronnie and No. 894. DRESSMAKER Hanna (nte Barrie) a son. First grand-- ATTRACTIVE WIDOW. 50, Con­ HIGHLY QUALIFIED child for Mr. Kurt and Mrs. Inge Fisher, tinental origin, wishes to meet kind, Levy:— Doris Levy, widow of Franz third great-grandson for Mrs. Lisl Fisher intelligent gentleman with sense of VIENNA TRAINED Levy, died peacefully at the age of 89, humour for friendship, companionship. on Tuesday, 13 October, 1981. Deeply Box 895. moumed by her children, grand-childien Birthdays SL Johns Wood Area and great-grandchildren. Jordan:— L. J. Jordan (formerly Leo Situations Required Jossek), Breslau, will be celebrating PART-TIME JOB as housekeeper Phone for appointment: his 75th birthday on 13 November. wanted. North or Northwest London 01-328 8718 Lincoln:— Alfred Lewis Lincoln (for­ preferred. Car owner-driver. Box No. merly Alfred Levy of Saarlouis), of 132 "Ballardene", Warren Road, Kingston Hill, Surrey. 893. Webheath, Netherwood Street, Lon­ INFORMATION REQUIRED don, N.W.6, passed away suddenly on Pickhardt:— Mrs. Mathilde Pickhardt General Enquiries ^ ft i^JSCTRICAL 19 September, 1981, aged 84, deeply of 48 Messina Avenue, London, The Jewish Refugees Committee, I. INSTALLATIONS) LTD. moumed by his family and friends. N.W.6, recently celebrated her 85th Woburn House, Sth Floor, Upper 1Mb Beisize Road, N.WJ birthday. In appreciation of her de­ Woburn Place, London WCI OEP, is 624 2646/328 2646 Marcuse:— Dr. Anna Bertha Marcuse voted services as Hon. Secretary of looking for the addresses of the fol­ Members: E.C.A. died on 19 September, 1981, at the the Theodor Herzl Society over many lowing persons: Rene and Herta age of 86. Very much missed by her years, the Executive gave a Dinner in Chomed, born in Vienna, 1922 and N.I.C.E.I.C. friends. her honour. 1914 respectively. Dawid Swirski, bom AJR INFORMATION November 1981 Page 11

PROF. GERHARD LEIBHOLZ, 8U PERSONALIA Dr. jur., Dr. phil. Professor Gerhard Leibholz will be 80 on 15 November. Born in Berlin, he was Professor of Public Law in Goettingen until SELMA STERN-TAEUBLER RUDOLF CALLMANN MEDAL 1935. In 1938 he emigrated to this country, where The outstanding Jewish historian Dr. Selma The "Deutsche Vereinigung fuer gewerblichcn he held fellowships with the World Council of Stern-Taeubler died in an Old Age Home near Rechtschutz und Urheberrecht", founded 100 Churches and Magdalen College, Oxford. After Basel, 91 years old. Her most important work years ago, has created a medal to preserve the the war he returned to Germany to become was the seven-volume "Der Preussische Staat und memory of the victims of the Nazi period and of Professor at Goettingen University, an office he die Juden", covering the period from the Great those who helped them. The medal is to bear the held until his retirement in 1972. During the Elector to Frederick the Great and comprising name of Rudolf Callmann (1892 Cologne-1976 major part of this period (1951-71) he was also both a full description and analysis of the period New York), an authority on questions of copy­ Judge at the Bundesverfassungsgericht in Karls­ and a collection of documentary sources. The right, protection of trade marks and unfair ruhe. Professor Leibholz, who is married to a w-ork had been commenced in Germany in 1926 competition. Rudolf Callmann also played a sister of the murdered theologian Dietrich Bon­ under the auspices of the Academy of Jewish leading part in Jewish life both in Germany and, hoeffer, has many books on public law. politics Sciences and, with the help of salvaged material, after his emigration, in the US. In Germany, he and sociology to his credit. He now lives in completed after the war and published by the was a member of the Presidium of the Central- Goettingen. Leo Baeck Institute. Other works include a bi­ Verein and of the Reichsvertretung. In the United ography of the Jewish spokesman ("Shtadlan") States, he was President and later board chairman FROEBEL TEACHER REMEMBERED Josel von Rosheim and an historical novel "The of the American Federation of Jews from Central Tlic head of a Froebel teachers' training college Spirit Returneth". Selma Stern was married to the Europe and a member of the Presidium of the between 1918 and 1933, Hedwig Biirgheim, has historian Professor Eugen Taeubler and emi­ Council of Jews from Germany. He also took an been commemorated in a medal to be awarded by grated with him to the United States, where he active interest in the work of the German-Jewish the city of Giessen. A native of Leipzig, she lived died in 1953. For many years she was an active welfare organisations and was associated with the in Giessen for 17 years and eventually perished in member of the New York branch of the Leo American branch of the Leo Baeck Institute. The Auschwitz in 1943. Her story was told in a radio Baeck Institute. University of Cologne appointed him an Hono­ programme, and inspired the city to issue the rary Professor in 1959, and his guest lectures medal in her honour, to be awarded for outstand­ made a great impact on the students. ing services to communication and sympathy The first recipient of the medal is the Cologne between man and man. The first recipient was Dr. THEATRE AND CULTURE NEWS lawyer Dr. Walter Oppenhoff, who for 13 years Adam Scheurer, aged 83, for his work in con­ Our columnist S.B. was on holiday last month. was president of the "Vereinigung" and defended nection with rebuilding of the school system after His column will be resumed in our December the interests of the persecutees under the Nazi 1945; the ceremony of the award was held on the issue. regime without regard to his own safety. anniversary of Hedwig Burgheim's birth.

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The pictures on display were varied in size, ART EXHIBITIONS from quite small sketches to full-scale portraits. They were all decorative, pleasing and certainly nice to look at, even to possess. INNOVATIVE ART EVA FRANKPURTHER A.S. I did not know Eva Frankfurther personally, The "Christo: Surrounded Islands" display at the but it would have been a pleasure to meet a Juda Rowan Gallery, 11 Tottenham Mews, London person of such sensitivity and social conscious­ WILHELM HENSEL'S PRUSSIAN Wl (29 September-14 November 1981) is something ness, as is so clearly evident in her life and work. PORTRAITS unique. It cannot be better described than by the artist In 1939 Eva Frankfurther, then aged nine, came In connection with the "Preussenjahr 1981" himself: "about 10 of the islands .. .will be surrounded to England from Germany as a refugee. She the West Berlin National Gallery held an ex­ with 5i million square feet of pink woven polypropylene studied art at St. Martin's School, which she left hibition under the heading "Preussische Bildnisse fabric covering the surface of the water, floating and in 1952. However, she did not return home to des 19 Jahrhunderts—Zeichnungen von Wilhelm her family, but set herself up in the East End of Hensel". This Prussian "Hofmaler", Professor extending out approximately 200 feet from the island London, where she earned a meagre living as a and Member of the Academy of Arts, was the into the Bay". The exhibition, comprising photo­ waitress and worker in a sugar refinery. But all husband of Fanny Mendelssohn Bartholdy, the graphs, plans and sketches for this outstanding this time she was painting, not as a commercial sister of the composer. He left about 1,000 project, provides an insight into an amazing concep­ effort to earn money, but to experience the portraits, which are now the property of the tion. character and qualities of the people with whom National Gallery and of which 232 were selected she came into contact. She travelled abroad ex­ for the exhibition. They depict personalities, well At Marlborough Fine Art (London) Ltd, 6, tensively, painting and sketching as she went. known in the field of politics, literature and arts, Albermarle Street, Wl, there was an exhibition (until Early in 1959 Eva Frankfurther took her own members of the Prussian Royal family, and of the 31 October) of Kurt Schwitters in Exile: The Late life shortly after making a successful effort to nobility. There are also many portraits of the Men- Work 1937-1948. Schwitters, originator of MERZ, train as a social worker. delssohns and other Jewish families of the period. was bom in Hanover, studied at the Dresden Academy, In the wide range of her work recently The catalogue, produced by the historian Cecile exhibited at the Margaret Fisher Gallery, there Lowenthal-Hensel (Berlin), a great-granddaughter left Germany in 1937 for Norway and settled in of the painter, is a masterpiece. It carries a England in 1940. After a succession of camps, where were many water colours and sketches. A lot of the sketches were from Israel, different types dis­ concise biographical introduction and biographi­ he was allowed to paint, he finally took up residence played in muted colours with a conscious, deeply cal notes to each reprinted portrait. These notes in the Lake District where he died in 1948. This was expressed effort to attain an understanding of are based on thorough historical research. They an exhibition of great importance and, with its cata­ their inner purpose. Also on display were a describe the depicted personalities and their cul­ logue (more a book than a catalogue), gave a deep number of her lithographs. Curiously, these are tural and genealogical backgrounds, and are in much stronger than her water-colours, although many cases enhanced by relevant anecdotes. Thus, insight into the aims and achievements of this unique in addition to being a guide for visitors to the and highly gifted artist. treating much the same themes. It is as if the discipline of the lithographer had strengthened exhibition, the catalogue is an outstanding work of history in its own right. W.R. ALICE SCHWAB the artist's mild, slightly despondent world view.

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