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XXVII IUSSP – International Population Conference 26-31 August 2013, Busan, Korea Organized by the International Union for the Scientific Study of Population

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XXVII IUSSP – International Population Conference 26-31 August 2013, Busan, Korea Organized by the International Union for the Scientific Study of Population XXVII IUSSP – International Population Conference 26-31 August 2013, Busan, Korea Organized by the International Union for the Scientific Study of Population Theme 18 Session: 02 Session code: 1802 Session Title: Demographic Behavior of Colonial Populations Session Organizer: Raquel Gil Montero Counting colonial populations in the Portuguese Empire, 1776-1875: Preliminary results for Brazil, Mozambique and Portuguese India, c. 1800 Authors Filipa Ribeiro da Silva International Institute of Social History of the Netherlands Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences University of Macau, History Department [email protected] Paulo Teodoro de Matos Center for Overseas History, New University of Lisbon and University of the Azores, Portugal [email protected] Tarcísio Botelho Pontifical Catholic University – Minas Gerais, Brazil [email protected] Extended Paper proposal During the second half of the eighteenth century, demographic statistical production in Portugal increased as a result of the expansion of the government's bureaucracy and a surge in topographic and cartographic knowledge. The Portuguese overseas historiography has already made some important progress in terms of the history of colonial populations. Nevertheless, there is a lack of overall synthesis and systematic data about the population of the empire as a whole, including its main colonies. In this paper we will present the preliminary results for the study of population structures in the former Portuguese colonies of Brazil, Mozambique and Portuguese India circa 1800. Here, we will be looking in particular at socio-occupational, religious, and ethnic composition, working population, and age groups in the different colonial territories around the year 1800. Our final aim is to compare results and highlight main differences between these three colonial spaces. Our main sources will be collected in colonies official bulletins, overseas governors and colonial ministers reports, as well as from several printed booklets, like the ones published by Lopes de Lima (1844, 1846) and Gerardo Pery (1875). Most of these data emerged as a result of the decrees of 21.05.1835 and 19.08.1859. The source collection will also include the legislation and other official documents and correspondence from several bureaucratic colonial channels, in order to reconstruct the political guidelines that shaped the production of colonial population statistics, and its transformations over time. This study is integrated in the research program of the project Counting Colonial Populations: Demography and the use of statistics in the Portuguese Empire, 1776-1875. This project aims: i) identify and reconstruct the principal indicators of the demographic colonial populations; ii) distinguish and explain the existing demographic regimes; iii) rebuild the bureaucratic network used in the production and collection of statistical information and to identify the evolution of population categories; and iv) assess how these statistics responded to the needs of the colonial administration at military, fiscal and territorial occupation levels. To achieve these goals the project research team is collecting, processing, and analyzing population maps ordered by the Portuguese Crown, and generating reliable indicators and demographic series for each of the territories. Besides examining population structures aforementioned, this project is also keen in analyzing population growth rates, territorial divisions and urbanization ratios; and demographic processes, including birth-, death-, and migration rates). This type of data is being gathered for Brazil, Madeira and Azores, Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, São Tomé and Principe, Angola, Mozambique, Portuguese India, Macao, and Timor. Preliminary Results for Brazil, Mozambique and Portuguese India: selection of Tables by way of example Brazil Table 1 Estimated population by sex and social condition, Brazil, 1808. Free Slaves TOTAL Sex Sex Ratio # % Ratio # % Corte 104 26954 52,05 144 24831 47,95 51785 Rio de Janeiro 103 84534 46,12 168 98760 53,88 183294 Minas Gerais 98 235041 67,15 152 114959 32,85 350000 São Paulo 91 130813 75,52 124 42412 24,48 173225 Paraná 91 22215 81,73 101 4967 18,27 27183 Santa Catarina 93 29774 76,96 179 8913 23,04 38687 Rio Grande do Sul 106 60689 69,62 178 26478 30,38 87167 Espírito Santo 99 44950 64,01 115 25269 35,99 70219 Bahia 98 228388 67,98 148 107573 32,02 335961 Sergipe 101 61235 81,58 118 13826 18,42 75061 Alagoas 102 90438 77,96 143 25562 22,04 116000 Pernambuco 98 173035 70,84 148 71242 29,16 244277 Paraíba 99 74776 78,56 107 20406 21,44 95182 Rio Grande do Norte 100 41719 83,44 109 8281 16,56 50000 Ceará 96 135062 84,41 110 24938 15,59 160000 Piaui 111 47884 68,41 120 22116 31,59 70000 Maranhão 108 68082 56,73 124 51918 43,27 120000 Pará 88 54792 70,46 105 22972 29,54 77764 Amazonas 101 10836 59,42 96 7400 40,58 18236 Mato Grosso 90 14095 56,38 190 10905 43,62 25000 Goiás 85 35181 63,48 144 20241 36,52 55422 Brazil 98 1670492 68,90 141 753971 31,10 2424463 Mozambique Table 1 – Estimated Population of Portuguese Mozambique, c. 1800 Population Groups Population Population (Total) (Percentage) Portuguese ‘community’ c. 2.000 2% Free Africans c. 84.000 79% Slaves c. 19.000 19% Total Population c. 106.000 100 % Table 2: Sex Ratios of white, Indian and mulatto Population in 1722, 1777 and 1806, as way of example Male Population Female Population Total Population No. % No. % No. % 1806 286 57 216 43 502 100 Table 5: Sex Ratios of Slave Population living in the Portuguese Prazos (farms) Prazo Name Total Slave Male Female Children Population Population Population No. No. % No. % No. % Gorongoza 795 605 76.1 290 36.5 - - Chringoma 946 761 80.4 185 19.6 - - Chupanga 579 425 73.4 154 26.6 - - Jesuit House in Tete 430 218 50.7 190 44.2 22 5.1 Table 6: Age groups of white, Indian and mulatto Population in 1777 and 1806, as way of example Age Groups Total Male Female % Total % Male % Female Population population population Population Population Population 0-7 74 39 35 14.7 13.6 16.2 7-15 89 49 40 17.7 17.1 18.5 15-60* 295 194 101 58.8 67.8 46.8 +60** 44 4 40 8.8 1.4 18.5 Total 502 286 216 100 100.0 100.0 Table 10: Ethnic composition of Population in 1722 and 1735, as way of example Portuguese Indians Baptized Africans Total No. % No. % No. % No. % 1722 300 9 178 5 2,914 86 3,392 100 1735 113* 4 200 6 2,949 90 3,262 100 Portuguese India Table 1 - Population of Portuguese India, c. 1808-1810 Year 1808-1810 % Islands of Goa 31643 11.1 Bardez 72459 25.5 Salcete 70299 24.7 Old Conquests 174401 61.3 Bicholim 7723 2.7 Canácona and Cabo de Rama 12773 4.5 Perném 23284 8.2 Pondá 32620 11.5 Tiracol 456 0.2 Angediva 779 0.3 Sanquelim - - New Conquests 77635 27.3 Goa's Territory 252036 88.7 Daman 24662 8.7 Diu 7577 2.7 Portuguese India 284275 100.0 Table 2 - Religious composition in the Old Conquests of Goa % "Gentiles" (Hindus and Muslims) Year/period Islands Bardez Salcete Goa 1801-1808 22.9 13.2 4.1 11.2 Table 3 - Religious composition in the New Conquests of Goa % Province Hindus Muslims Christians Pondá 78.4 6.4 15.1 Pernem 90.3 0.6 9.1 Canácona 84.6 0.4 15 Bicholim 92.7 3.3 4 TOTAL 84.8 3.5 11.7 Table 4 - Ethnic and civil status composition in the Islands of Goa and in the Old Conquests, 1797 Islands Goa Portuguese («White men») 1.4 0.6 Natural Christians 76.8 90.2 Hindus 17.6 7.6 Muslims Slaves 3.6 1.4 Mixed race ('pardos') 0.7 0.3 Table 4: Ethnic and civil status composition in Diu and Daman, 1804-1817) Hindus and White Christians Natural Christians Pardos' Black muslims Diu 1804 0.3 4.4 3.7 0.7 91.0 Daman 1817 0.4 5.1 0.1 1.5 92.6 .
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