On the Margins
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Indigenous Peoples/Ethnic Minorities and Poverty Reduction: Regional Report
INDIGENOUS PEOPLES/ETHNIC MINORITIES AND POVERTY REDUCTION REGIONAL REPORT Roger Plant Environment and Social Safeguard Division Regional and Sustainable Development Department Asian Development Bank, Manila, Philippines June 2002 © Asian Development Bank 2002 All rights reserved Published June 2002 The views and interpretations in this report are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of the Asian Development Bank. ISBN No. 971-561-438-8 Publication Stock No. 030702 Published by the Asian Development Bank P.O. Box 789, 0980, Manila, Philippines FOREWORD his publication was prepared in conjunction with an Asian Development Bank (ADB) regional technical assistance (RETA) project on Capacity Building for Indigenous Peoples/ T Ethnic Minority Issues and Poverty Reduction (RETA 5953), covering four developing member countries (DMCs) in the region, namely, Cambodia, Indonesia, Philippines, and Viet Nam. The project is aimed at strengthening national capacities to combat poverty and at improving the quality of ADB’s interventions as they affect indigenous peoples. The project was coordinated and supervised by Dr. Indira Simbolon, Social Development Specialist and Focal Point for Indigenous Peoples, ADB. The project was undertaken by a team headed by the author, Mr. Roger Plant, and composed of consultants from the four participating DMCs. Provincial and national workshops, as well as extensive fieldwork and consultations with high-level government representatives, nongovernment organizations (NGOs), and indigenous peoples themselves, provided the basis for poverty assessment as well as an examination of the law and policy framework and other issues relating to indigenous peoples. Country reports containing the principal findings of the project were presented at a regional workshop held in Manila on 25–26 October 2001, which was attended by representatives from the four participating DMCs, NGOs, ADB, and other finance institutions. -
Special Issue 2, August 2015
Special Issue 2, August 2015 Published by the Center for Lao Studies ISSN: 2159-2152 www.laostudies.org ______________________ Special Issue 2, August 2015 Information and Announcements i-ii Introducing a Second Collection of Papers from the Fourth International 1-5 Conference on Lao Studies. IAN G. BAIRD and CHRISTINE ELLIOTT Social Cohesion under the Aegis of Reciprocity: Ritual Activity and Household 6-33 Interdependence among the Kim Mun (Lanten-Yao) in Laos. JACOB CAWTHORNE The Ongoing Invention of a Multi-Ethnic Heritage in Laos. 34-53 YVES GOUDINEAU An Ethnohistory of Highland Societies in Northern Laos. 54-76 VANINA BOUTÉ Wat Tham Krabok Hmong and the Libertarian Moment. 77-96 DAVID M. CHAMBERS The Story of Lao r: Filling in the Gaps. 97-109 GARRY W. DAVIS Lao Khrang and Luang Phrabang Lao: A Comparison of Tonal Systems and 110-143 Foreign-Accent Rating by Luang Phrabang Judges. VARISA OSATANANDA Phuan in Banteay Meancheay Province, Cambodia: Resettlement under the 144-166 Reign of King Rama III of Siam THANANAN TRONGDEE The Journal of Lao Studies is published twice per year by the Center for Lao Studies, 65 Ninth Street, San Francisco, CA, 94103, USA. For more information, see the CLS website at www.laostudies.org. Please direct inquiries to [email protected]. ISSN : 2159-2152 Books for review should be sent to: Justin McDaniel, JLS Editor 223 Claudia Cohen Hall 249 S. 36th Street University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19104 Copying and Permissions Notice: This journal provides open access to content contained in every issue except the current issue, which is open to members of the Center for Lao Studies. -
The Language Olicy of Minority Languages in Vietnam
특집 ••• 사라져 가는 언어들 The language olicy of minority languages in Vietnam LY Toan Thang․Instituteof Linguistics,Hanoi-Vietnam 0. Introduction The most important ethno-linguistic feature of Vietnam is that during about four thousands years, throughout the very long historical period of foundation, protection and development of the country, the ethnic groups in Vietnam were living side by side in peaceful harmony and unity, without any ethno-linguistic war between the Viet and minorities, or between the minorities themselves. In this ethno-linguistic aspect the history of Vietnam is the history of interaction of languages following the tendency of convergence and intergration for forming an ethno-linguistic union in Vietnam. That tendency is strengthened in new historical, political, economic and socio-cultural conditions of Vietnam in XX century. Vietnam is a multiethnic, multicultural and multilingual country comprising 54 ethnic groups(ethnicities): 01 majority the Viet(the 특집 ․ 사라져 가는 언어들 ․ 51 Kinh) and 53 minorities, but about 100 minority languages/dialects. A couple of ethno-linguistic communities, such as the Hoa(Chinese) and the Khmer, have alinguistic relationship with China and Cambodge, in which countries Chinese and Khmer are the national languages. The Tay, Nung and Thai have genetic relations with the Choang(Zhung), Thai, Shan in South China, Laos, Thailand and Burma. The Hmong are about 550 thousands in Vietnam, a few millions in China, a few thousands in Thailand and Laos, and even a few hundreds of thousands Hmong people in USA, Australia and France. Since independence in 1945 the language policy in Vietnam has reflected a strategy of preservation, promotion and development of spoken and written languages, including both Vietnamese and minority languages. -
Proquest Dissertations
RICE UNIVERSITY Tracing the Last Breath: Movements in Anlong Veng &dss?e?73&£i& frjjrarijsfass cassis^ scesse & w o O as by Timothy Dylan Wood A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE Doctor of Philosophy APPROVED, THESIS COMMITTEE: y' 7* Stephen A. Tyler, Herbert S. Autrey Professor Department of Philip R. Wood, Professor Department of French Studies HOUSTON, TEXAS MAY 2009 UMI Number: 3362431 INFORMATION TO USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleed-through, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMI UMI Microform 3362431 Copyright 2009 by ProQuest LLC All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 ABSTRACT Tracing the Last Breath: Movements in Anlong Veng by Timothy Dylan Wood Anlong Veng was the last stronghold of the Khmer Rouge until the organization's ultimate collapse and defeat in 1999. This dissertation argues that recent moves by the Cambodian government to transform this site into an "historical-tourist area" is overwhelmingly dominated by commercial priorities. However, the tourism project simultaneously effects an historical narrative that inherits but transforms the government's historiographic endeavors that immediately followed Democratic Kampuchea's 1979 ousting. -
Vietnam: Indigenous Minority Groups in the Central Highlands
UNHCR Centre for Documentation and Research WRITENET Paper No. 05/2001 VIETNAM: INDIGENOUS MINORITY GROUPS IN THE CENTRAL HIGHLANDS By An Independent WriteNet Researcher January 2002 WriteNet is a Network of Researchers and Writers on Human Rights, Forced Migration, Ethnic and Political Conflict WriteNet is a Subsidiary of Practical Management (UK) E-mail: [email protected] THIS PAPER WAS PREPARED MAINLY ON THE BASIS OF PUBLICLY AVAILABLE INFORMATION, ANALYSIS AND COMMENT. ALL SOURCES ARE CITED. THE PAPER IS NOT, AND DOES NOT PURPORT TO BE, EITHER EXHAUSTIVE WITH REGARD TO CONDITIONS IN THE COUNTRY SURVEYED, OR CONCLUSIVE AS TO THE MERITS OF ANY PARTICULAR CLAIM TO REFUGEE STATUS OR ASYLUM. THE VIEWS EXPRESSED IN THE PAPER ARE THOSE OF THE AUTHOR AND ARE NOT NECESSARILY THOSE OF WRITENET OR UNHCR. ISSN 1020-8429 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 Introduction........................................................................................1 2 Geography, Ethnography and History of the Central Highlands.1 2.1 Geography.................................................................................................1 2.2 Ethnography and Ethnic Classification .................................................3 2.3 Colonial History .......................................................................................6 3 FULRO and the Question of “Montagnard” Autonomy ...............7 3.1 Before 1975 ...............................................................................................7 3.2 After 1975..................................................................................................8 -
April 11, 1967 Discussion Between Chinese and Vietnamese Delegations
Digital Archive digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org International History Declassified April 11, 1967 Discussion between Chinese and Vietnamese delegations Citation: “Discussion between Chinese and Vietnamese delegations,” April 11, 1967, History and Public Policy Program Digital Archive, CWIHP Working Paper 22, "77 Conversations." http://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/112155 Summary: Zhou Enlai recounts previous relations concerning Taiwan and the GMD, America and the Soviet Union within the context of China’s recent history. He also emphasizes the need for Cambodian support. Original Language: Chinese Contents: English Translation VIETNAMESE AND CHINESE DELEGATIONS Beijing, 11 a.m., 11 April 1967 Zhou Enlai: …So, we hold that the closer to victory your struggle is, the fiercer our struggle with the Soviet Union will be. Because when you are closer to victory, the US wants to exert more pressure in order to cease the war, so that they can have some parts of the South of Vietnam, not losing totally. At present France is critical of the US, but when you are closer to victory, France may come closer to the US, and other nationalist countries which want to compromise may come to speak like the US. The Chinese have a saying that you really start a 100-mile journey after traveling the first 90 miles. Because traveling the last 10 miles is always as hard as traveling the first 90 miles. On a level path, you cannot see it clearly, but it’s clearer to you when you climb the Himalayas. We believe that you will try your utmost for the final victory and we will encourage the world’s people to support you. -
Front Matter
Conboy_The Cambodian Wars 4/15/13 3:31 PM Page v © University Press of Kansas. All rights reserved. Reproduction and distribution prohibited without permission of the Press. Contents List of Maps and Illustrations vii Preface and Acknowledgments xi List of Acronyms xv 1. Springtime in Cambodia 1 2. Finger in the Dike 16 3. Finger on the Pulse 41 4. Requiem 65 5. Arrested Development 90 6. Trading Places 115 7. Fratricide 134 8. Parity 154 9. Pyrrhic Victories 176 10. Event Horizon 197 11. Dry Rot 215 12. Détente 232 13. Limelight 245 14. Phnom Penh Spring 263 15. White Pigeon 277 16. Paradigm Shift 296 17. Parting Shots 308 18. Aftermath 321 Notes 335 A Note on Sources 393 Index 395 v Conboy_The Cambodian Wars 3/29/13 12:03 PM Page vi © University Press of Kansas. All rights reserved. Reproduction and distribution prohibited without permission of the Press. Conboy_The Cambodian Wars 3/29/13 12:03 PM Page vii © University Press of Kansas. All rights reserved. Reproduction and distribution prohibited without permission of the Press. Illustrations Maps The Khmer Republic 7 Thai provinces bordering Cambodia 29 The Phnom Penh capital region as of 1973 51 Noncommunist resistance camps on the Battambang border 145 The northwest quadrant of Cambodia 207 Location of key battles in Banteay Meanchey province 288 Photographs U.S. Ambassador to Laos G. McMurtrie Godley reviews the first battalion of Cambodian troops at PS 18, circa September 1970 27 Lieutenant General Robert Cushman, deputy director of the CIA, reviews Cambodian troops at PS 18, circa -
Key Points on the Political History of Cambodia Before 1975
KEY POINTS ON THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF CAMBODIA BEFORE 1975 Donald Jameson, US Foreign Service Officer Retired Legacy of the Past Cambodia has a long tradition of authoritarian rule dating from the time of Angkor and before. In this system the king’s power was in theory absolute. Everything in the kingdom was his property and the word for govern also meant to eat or consume. There was no corresponding notion, as in the West or some other Asian countries, of the king acting as the servant of the people. Absolute power flowed downward onto a powerless population Khmer society under the monarchy was rigidly structured. The population was seen as a collection of subjects subservient to the king. It was divided between those who gave orders and those who paid homage. This was reinforced by the advent of Theravada Buddhism after the fall of Angkor. Buddhism held that those in power had their positions because of merit earned in previous lives. There were no legal restraints on those in power nor peaceful methods for replacing them. When a king died struggles for succession were often fierce and the losers were routinely killed. This reflected a winner take all mentality where compromise was absent and the idea of a loyal opposition did not exist. However, beneath the symbolic aura of absolute power the king’s authority was limited by the rivalry of quasi independent regional officials, high ranking courtiers and members of the royal family. Thus there was constant competition for influence among the king’s entourage, not unlike the behavior of Khmer politicians following independence. -
The Passing of Sihanouk: Monarchic Manipulation and the Search for Autonomy in the Kingdom of Cambodia シアヌーク 逝去ーーカンボジア王国における君主制操作と自治への模索
Volume 10 | Issue 50 | Number 1 | Article ID 3864 | Dec 09, 2012 The Asia-Pacific Journal | Japan Focus The Passing of Sihanouk: Monarchic Manipulation and the Search for Autonomy in the Kingdom of Cambodia シアヌーク 逝去ーーカンボジア王国における君主制操作と自治への模索 Geoffrey Gunn Summary The survival of the monarchy in Cambodia is little short of remarkable in the light of that country's modern history. As this article develops, French manipulation of the monarchy and attempts to buttress religion and culture alongside the rise of nationalist youth and Buddhist radicalism was an important precursor to postwar events. No less momentous for modern Cambodian history was the Vichy French installation of Norodom A phoenix float carries the casket of Sihanouk as king and the elevation under Japan Sihanouk of the putative republican Son Ngoc Thanh. Facing down an armed Issarak-Viet Minh challenge also joined by a dissident prince, it is Though much exoticized and othered as a no less significant that the young Kingpeaceful realm under the French protectorate, Sihanouk successfully trumped Frenchat least alongside the challenges imposed by ambitions by mounting his own “royal crusade” Vietnamese nationalists, dissent always for independence even ahead of the Geneva simmered beneath the surface calm in Settlement of 1954. Cambodia, whether from the overburdened- over taxed peasantry, from the major Undoubtedly the passing of Norodom Sihanouk immigrant communities, from religious radicals on October 15, 2012 at the age of 89 after six within and without the Buddhist hierarchies, or decades of close involvement in Cambodian even from scheming royal princes. Given politics has served to refocus attention upon French manipulations of religion, tradition and the status of the monarchy in that country, even the royal line, a complex political picture facts not diminished by the actual succession in emerges, even prior to the Japanese October 2004 to his son Norodom Sihamoni (b. -
Intelligence Report
APPROVED FOR RELEASE DATE: MAY 2007 Y . c DIRECTORATE OF INTELLIGENCE Intelligence Report Cornmanism and Cambodia (Refweme Title: ESA U LVl72) May 1972 " *' :: COMMUNISMAND CAMBODIA kEM0RANDUM -FOR RECIPIENTS This in-depth, background study of the development of communism in Cambodia indicates that over the past two-and-a-half decades this Hanoi-directed movqnent has built a more extensive political and military structure than has generally been appreciated. In particular, the training of large numbers of ethnic Khmers in North Vietnam, a phenomenon which came to light in early 1971, has given the Communists in Cambodia a respectable base on which to build. The study also finds that Hanoi, abundantly aware of the antipathy that most Cambodians feel towards Vietnamese, is giving the Khmer Communist (KC) Party an increased measure of autonomy, particularly at the local level; and that the XC political-military apparatus, backed by the power of the Vietnamese Communist Army, poses a serious threat to the Phnom Penh government. This study has profited'from <he assistance of a wide number of Cambodia specialists in the CIA, with Whom this study has been coordinated. Comments on this paper are welcomed, and should be addressed to the Chief or Deputy Chief of this Staff. Hal Ford Chief, DD/I Special Research Staff .. r ..... COMMUNISM AND CAMBODIA Contents r .. Page INTRODUCTION ....................i SUMMARY ..................... ii PART I: THE STRUGGLE FOR INDEPENDENCE (1945-1954) The Rebellion Begins ...............1 Viet Minh Influence Increases ..........2 The Attempt to Make a Cambodian Party ......4 The Rebellion Progresses .............5 Communist Organization: 1953 ......... -6 The Rebellion Winds Down .............8 PART 11: GENEVA AND THE CAMBODIAN REGROUPMENT Geneva .................... -
Writing the Postcolonial City: Phnom Penh and Modernity During Sangkum Reastr Niyum, 1955-1970
Writing the Postcolonial City: Phnom Penh and Modernity during Sangkum Reastr Niyum, 1955-1970 by Siti Galang Keo A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Peter B. Zinoman, Chair Professor Kerwin Klein Professor Penelope Edwards Summer 2019 Abstract Writing the Postcolonial City: Phnom Penh and Modernity during Sangkum Reastr Niyum, 1955-1970 by Siti Galang Keo Doctor of Philosophy in History University of California, Berkeley Professor Peter B. Zinoman, Chair This dissertation examines novels, essays, films and songs of the Sangkum Reastr Niyum period, 1955-1970, to explore the layers of meanings Cambodians held of Phnom Penh. After the Geneva Accords in 1954, Phnom Penh emerged as the capital city of a newly independent nation-state, the Kingdom of Cambodia. The city under French colonial rule was secondary to Hanoi and Saigon, but once Indochina dissolved, its population exponentially increased. Phnom Penh was at the center of Cambodia’s road networks, its banking system, and was home to the best universities and schools. The many jobs and opportunities attracted rural migrants to the city. The population boom was one of the many ways Phnom Penh transformed. Norodom Sihanouk, then the head of state, made Phnom Penh the epicenter of government modernization projects. Under his watch, the capital transformed from being a marshy, provincial hub into an exciting scene of cosmopolitan innovation. Urban Cambodians combined ideas from Le Corbusier with traditional Khmer architectural details to design their “modern” buildings. -
Prayer Cards | Joshua Project
Pray for the Nations Pray for the Nations Akha in Vietnam Alu in Vietnam Population: 23,000 Population: 3,900 World Popl: 682,000 World Popl: 15,200 Total Countries: 5 Total Countries: 3 People Cluster: Hani People Cluster: Tibeto-Burman, other Main Language: Akha Main Language: Nisu, Eastern Main Religion: Ethnic Religions Main Religion: Ethnic Religions Status: Unreached Status: Unreached Evangelicals: 0.30% Evangelicals: 0.00% Chr Adherents: 5.00% Chr Adherents: 0.19% Scripture: Complete Bible Scripture: New Testament www.joshuaproject.net www.joshuaproject.net Source: Frank Starmer Source: Operation China, Asia Harvest "Declare his glory among the nations." Psalm 96:3 "Declare his glory among the nations." Psalm 96:3 Pray for the Nations Pray for the Nations Arem in Vietnam Bahnar in Vietnam Population: 100 Population: 198,000 World Popl: 900 World Popl: 198,000 Total Countries: 2 Total Countries: 1 People Cluster: Mon-Khmer People Cluster: Mon-Khmer Main Language: Arem Main Language: Bahnar Main Religion: Ethnic Religions Main Religion: Ethnic Religions Status: Unreached Status: Significantly reached Evangelicals: 0.00% Evangelicals: 10.4% Chr Adherents: 0.00% Chr Adherents: 14.0% Scripture: Unspecified Scripture: Complete Bible www.joshuaproject.net www.joshuaproject.net Source: Asia Harvest Source: Asia Harvest "Declare his glory among the nations." Psalm 96:3 "Declare his glory among the nations." Psalm 96:3 Pray for the Nations Pray for the Nations Bih in Vietnam Brao in Vietnam Population: 500 Population: 500 World Popl: 500