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aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology

Chelidoperca maculicauda, a new species of perchlet (Teleostei: ) from the Arabian Sea

K. K. Bineesh1, K. V. Akhilesh, E. M. Abdussamad and N. G. K. Pillai

Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, P. B. No. 1603, Ernakulam North P.O., Cochin – 683 018, Kerala, India. 1Corresponding author: email: [email protected]

Received: 28 June 2012 – Accepted: 26 March 2013

Abstract Résumé A new species of serranid , Chelidoperca maculicauda Une nouvelle espèce de Serranidé, Chelidoperca maculi- n. sp. is described based on three specimens, (123-129 mm cauda n. sp. est décrite sur base de trois spécimens (123-129 SL), recently collected from the Arabian Sea, off Quilon, mm de LS), collectés récemment dans la mer d’Arabie, au Kerala, India. The combination of caudal fin shape and a large de Quilon, de Kerala, Inde. La nouvelle espèce se unique color pattern of five red bars on a pinkish body and distingue d’autres congénères par la combinaison de la pale yellow fins with a bright red margin on the anal fin, a forme de la caudale et d’un patron de coloration unique de small grey spot distally on the dorsal half and bluish white cinq barres rouges sur un corps rosâtre et de nageoires jaune spots on ventral half of the caudal fin, distinguishes the pâle avec un large liseré rouge sur l’anale, une petite tache new species from other congeners. Other distinguishing grise distalement sur la moitié de la dorsale et de taches characters include: fourth dorsal spine longest 2.8 (3) in d’un blanc bleuâtre sur la moitié ventrale de la caudale. head length; body depth 23.3 (22.8-24.5) % SL (standard Autres traits distinctifs: la quatrième épine dorsale est la length), 4.3 (4.1-4.4) in SL; head length 40.3 (42.3-42.6) plus longue, 2,8 (3) de la longueur de la tête; hauteur du % SL; orbital length 9.3 (8.9-9.1) in SL; 2.5-3 scales above corps 23,3 (22,8-24,5) % de la LS, 4,3 (4,1-4,4) de LS, lateral line to dorsal origin; serrae on margin of preopercle longueur de la tête 40,3 (42,3- 42,6) % de la LS; longueur 40-46. Lateral-line scales 42; dorsal fin continuous, with orbitale 9,3 (8,9-9,1) en LS; 2,5 -3 écailles au-dessus de la ninth dorsal spine shorter than tenth spine; longest dorsal ligne latérale jusqu’à la base de la dorsale; des serrae sur le soft ray (7th or 8th) 2.4 (2.3-2.4) in head length. bord du préopercule 40-46. Ecailles de la ligne latérale 42; une nageoire dorsale continue, avec la neuvième épine dor- Zusammenfassung sale plus courte que la dixième; le plus long rayon mou dor- Beschrieben wird eine neue Art der Sägebarsche: Chelidop- sal (le 7e ou le 8e) 2,4 (2,3-2,4) de la longueur de la tête. erca maculicauda n. sp. auf der Grundlage von drei Exem- plaren (123 - 129 mm SL), die kürzlich im Arabischen Meer Sommario vor Quilon, Kerala, Indien, gefangen wurden. Diese neue Una nuova specie di pesci serranidi, Chelidoperca maculi- Art lässt sich von anderen Angehörigen der Gattung durch cauda n. sp., è descritta sulla base di tre esemplari (123-129 die Kombination folgender Merkmale unterscheiden: mm SL), recentemente raccolti dal Mare Arabico, al largo di Schwanzflossenform, einprägsames Farbmuster mit fünf Quilon, Kerala, India. La combinazione di caratteri, quali la roten Streifen auf leicht rosafarbenem Rumpf, blassgelbe forma della pinna caudale e una livrea originale di cinque Flossen mit hellrotem Rand an der Afterflosse, ein kleiner barre rosse su un corpo rosa pallido e pinne gialle con un grauer Fleck distal auf der dorsalen Hälfte und bläulich margine rosso brillante sulla pinna anale, una macchia grigia weiße Flecken auf der ventralen Hälfte der Schwanzflosse. piccola distalmente nella metà dorsale e bluastre macchie Zu weiteren Unterscheidungsmerkmalen gehören: vierter bianche sulla metà ventrale della pinna caudale, distingue la Rückenflossenstrahl am längsten (2,8-(3-)fache Kopflänge); nuova specie da altri congeneri. Altri caratteri distintivi sono: Körpertiefe 23,3 (22,8-24,5) % der Standardlänge SL, 4,3 spina dorsale più lunga la quarta (2.8 (3) volte nella lun- (4,1-4,4) Anteil an SL; Kopflänge 40,3 (42,3-42,6) % von ghezza della testa), profondità del corpo 23.3 (22.8-24.5)% SL; Augenhöhlenlänge 9,3 (8,9-9,1) Anteil an SL; 2,5 bis 3 SL (lunghezza standard), 4.3 (4.1-4.4), in SL, lun ghezza della Schuppen oberhalb der Seitenlinie bis zum Ansatz der testa 40.3 (42.3-42.6)% SL; lunghezza dell’or bi tale 9.3 (8.9- Rückenflosse; 40 - 46 Sägezähnchen am Rand des Präoper- 9.1) in SL; 2.5-3 scaglie sopra la linea laterale all'origine della culums. Außerdem 42 Seitenlinienschuppen; durchgehende dorsale; margine del preopercolo con 40-46 dentelli. Scaglie Rückenflosse, wobei der neunte Flossenstrahl kürzer ist als in linea laterale 42; pinna dorsale continua, con nona spina der zehnte; längster Rückenweichflossenstrahl (der 7. oder dorsale più corta della decima; raggio più lun go della dorsale 8.) 2,4-(2,3 bis 2,4-)fache Kopflänge. molle (7° o 8°) 2.4 (2.3-2.4) nella lunghezza della testa.

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Chelidoperca maculicauda, a new species of perchlet (Teleostei: Serranidae) from the Arabian Sea

species of Chelidoperca, namely C. investigatoris and INTRODUCTION C. occipitalis are known from the Arabian Sea (Kot- The family Serranidae () is one of the thaus 1973; Manilo & Bogorodsky, 2003; largest perciform families with 5 subfamilies, 64 Jayaprakash et al., 2006; Bineesh et al., 2012). Re - genera and 529 valid species (Eschmeyer & Fong, cently C. occipitalis was discovered in the southeast- 2012). The serranid fish Chelidoperca, ern Arabian Sea (unpubl. data). Chelidoperca mac- Boulenger (1895) includes 6 species: Chelidoperca ulicauda n. sp. represents the third known species in hirundinacea (Valenciennes 1831), C. investigatoris the genus Chelidoperca from the Arabian Sea. (Alcock 1890), C. lecromi Fourmanoir 1982, C. margaritifera Weber 1913, C. occipitalis Kotthaus, MATERIAL AND METHODS 1973 and C. pleurospilus (Günther 1880) Specimens of Chelidoperca were collected from (Eschmeyer & Fong, 2012). the bycatch of a commercial deep-sea shrimp Chelidoperca are usually found on the continental trawler operated in the continental shelf of Ara- shelf and slope muddy bottoms in the Indo-Pacific bian Sea, off Kollam (Quilon) (Fig. 1) at depths (Nelson, 2006; Eschmeyer & Fong, 2012). Two 180-320 m, and landed at Sakthikulangara Fish-

Fig. 1. Map showing the collection location for the specimens of Chelidoperca maculicauda n. sp.

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K. K. Bineesh, K. V. Akhilesh, E. M. Abdussamad and N. G. K. Pillai

Table I. Proportional measurements of the holotype (CMFRI GB 31. 139. 14. 5) and two paratypes of Chelidoperca macu- licauda n. sp. as percentage of standard length.

Holotype Paratype Paratype Measurements GB 31. 139.14. 5 GB 31. 139.14. 5. 1 GB 31. 139.14. 5. 2 Total length (mm) 156.6 160.7 153.4 Standard length (mm) 127.2 128.9 122.9 Body depth 23.3 24.3 22.8 Body width 18.5 18.8 18.8 Head length 40.3 42.6 42.3 Post orbital length 23.7 24.7 24.0 Snout length 8.6 8.7 8.8 Eye diameter 10.8 11.0 11.3 Upper jaw length 17.8 18.0 18.3 Interorbital width 4.6 4.8 4.7 Predorsal length 37.5 38.8 38.6 Prepectoral length 37.9 39.9 38.6 Prepelvic length 35.2 35.2 35.9 Preanal length 61.6 64.2 63.6 Pectoral fin length 24.5 24.7 25.5 Pelvic fin length 24.9 21.7 23.0 Caudal fin length 23.9 22.5 24.8 Caudal peduncle depth 10.7 10.3 10.8 Anal fin length 35.3 33.9 36.9 Anal fin base length 17.3 16.2 17.8 Dorsal fin length 60.1 60.9 62.3 Dorsal fin base length 46.5 47.6 47.9 Caudal peduncle length 17.9 20.9 20.3 First dorsal spine length 4.4 4.0 3.8 Second dorsal spine length 8.4 7.9 7.9 Third dorsal spine length 13.1 12.7 12.9 Fourth dorsal fin spine length 14.6 14.3 14.2 Ninth dorsal fin spine 7.9 8.2 7.4 Tenth dorsal fin spine length 10.3 9.1 10.4 Eighth dorsal fin spine length 8.1 7.5 8.4 First anal spine length 4.6 5.2 4.3 Second anal spine length 6.7 7.7 6.4 Third anal spine length 9.3 12.6 8.8 First anal ray length 13.3 12.0 12.1 Longest anal ray length 18.8 20.0 22.0

eries Harbour, Kerala, during April 2012. Mea- India (CMFRI); Zoological Survey of India, Cal- surements of formalin (5%) preserved specimens cutta, India (ZSI); The Zoological Museum, Ham- were taken following Hubbs and Lagler (1964). burg, Germany (ZMH); and National Bureau of The morphometric characters of the specimens Fish Genetic Resources, Cochin Unit, Cochin, were measured with a digital vernier caliper with India (NBFGR CHN). an accuracy of 0.1 mm and expressed as percentage Genetic methodology: Samples of muscle tissue of standard length (SL) or head length (HL). Gill were collected from types and preserved in 99.5 % raker counts were taken from the first gill arch of ethanol at ambient temperature for genetic analy- the right side. Vertebral and caudal-fin ray counts sis. Genomic DNA was extracted using the Qia- were taken from radiographs of the type speci- genDNeasy Blood and Tissue kit following the mens. In the description, values in parentheses manufacture’s protocol and stored in AE buffer. refer to data for the paratypes when different from The partial sequence of COI gene was amplified the holotype. Specimens examined are deposited in using primer Fish F1 (5’ – TCA ACC AAC CAC the collections of: Marine Biodiversity Museum at AAA GAC ATT GGC AC - 3’) and Fish R1 (5’ – Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi, TAG ACT TCT GGG TGG CCA AAG AAT CA

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Chelidoperca maculicauda, a new species of perchlet (Teleostei: Serranidae) from the Arabian Sea

- 3’) (Ward et al., 2005) in 25 µl reactions con- Chelidoperca occipitalis: Holotype, ZMH 5136, taining 1x assay buffer (100 mMTris, 500 114 mm SL, Off Sokotra Islands, Arabian Sea, mMKCl, 0.1% gelatin, pH 9.0) with 1.5 mM 190-290 m depth. CMFRI GB 31.139.16.1.1-3,3 MgCl2 (Genei, Bangalore, India), 5 pmoles of each specimens, 135-153mm TL, NBFGR CHN 3001- primer, 200 mM of each dNTP (Genei, Bangalore, 3011, 11 specimens, 135-163 mm TL, off Kollam, India), 1.5 U Taq DNA polymerase and 20 ng of India, Kerala coast, southeastern Arabian Sea template DNA. The thermal conditions consisted (09°20’ N, 75°51’ E), 180-320 m depth, collected of initial preheating at 95°C for 3 min, denatura- by K.K. Bineesh and K.V. Akhilesh, 22 April 2009. tion at 94°C for 30 s, annealing at 50°C for 30 s, NCBI GenBank Accession No. JX185311, extension at 72°C for 35 s, repeated for 29 cycles, JX185313, JX185306, JX185304. followed by a final extension for 3 min at 72°C. PCR products were visualized on 1.2% agarose Chelidoperca maculicauda n. sp. gels. Sequencing reactions used a BigDye termina- Bineesh and Akhilesh (Figs 2-5; Table I) tor v3.1 cycle sequencing kit (applied Biosystems, Inc). All samples were sequenced bidirectionally Holotype: CMFRI GB 31.139.14. 5, 127 mm SL, using an ABI3730capillary sequencer following the off Kollam, Kerala coast, India, southeastern Ara- manufacture’s protocol. Sequence divergences were bian Sea, 180-320 m depth, collected by K.K. calculated using Kimura 2 parameter (K2P) dis- Bineesh and K. V. Akhilesh, 25 April 2012. NCBI tance, clustered by neighbour joining and boot- GenBank Accession No. JX185308. strapped using MEGA3 (Kumar et al., 2004) with Paratypes: CMFRI GB 31.139.14. 5. 1, 128.9 mm 1000 replications. Mitochondrial COI barcode SL, off Kollam, Kerala coast, India, southeastern sequences were deposited in the NCBI GenBank. Arabian Sea, 180-320 m depth, collected by K.K. Other material examined in this study: Bineesh and K.V. Akhilesh, 25 April 2012. NCBI Chelido perca investigatoris: Syntype, ZSI 12820, GenBank Accession No. JX185309. CMFRI GB 107.5 mm SL, syntype, ZSI 12821, 103.4 mm SL, 31.139.14. 5. 2, 122.9 mm SL, off Kollam, Kerala Off the Ganjam coast, Odisha, India, 180-187 m coast, India, southeastern Arabian Sea, 180-320 m depth, R.I.M.S. Investigator. NBFGR CHN 3012- depth, collected by K. K. Bineesh and K. V. 3024, 13 specimens, 127.51-177.9 mm TL, off Akhilesh, 25 April 2012. NCBI GenBank Acces- Kollam, Kerala coast, India, southeastern Arabian sion No. JX262929. Sea (09°05’ N, 75°52’E), 180-280 m depth, col- Diagnosis: A species of Chelidoperca with the fol- lected by K. K. Bineesh and K. V. Akhilesh, 08 lowing combination of characters: Dorsal fin rays February 2009. NCBI GenBank Accession No. X, 10; anal fin rays III, 6; pectoral-fin rays 15; lat- JX185305, JX185307, JX185312, JX185310. eral-line scales 42; gill rakers 3 + 9; caudal rays 17.

Fig. 2. Chelidoperca maculicauda n. sp., holotype, CMFRI GB 31. 139.14. 5, 127 mm SL, off Quilon, Kerala, India.

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Fourth dorsal spine longest, 2.8 (3) in HL, body occipital spines covered with scales, above origin of depth 23.3 (22.8-24.5) % SL, 4.3 (4.1-4.4) in SL; lateral-line (Fig. 4); preopercle finely serrated (40- head length 40.3 (42.3-42.6) % SL; orbital length 46). Predorsal length 37.5 (38.6-38.8) % SL. Cau- 9.3 (8.9- 9.1) in SL; 2.5-3 scales above lateral-line dal peduncle depth 10.7 (10.3-10.8) % SL; caudal to dorsal origin; serrae on margin of preopercle 40- peduncle length 24.5 (24.7-25.5) % SL. 46.; dorsal fin continuous, with ninth dorsal spine Mouth terminal, large and oblique, jaws strong; shorter than tenth spine; longest dorsal soft ray lower jaw projecting in front of upper lip, upper (seventh) 2.4 (2.3-2.4) in HL; first anal-fin spine jaw nearly reaching vertical to posterior margin of 8.7 (8.3-9.7) in HL, second anal-fin spine 3.49 orbit, widest at end and maxilla truncate posteri- (3.16-3.54) in HL; pelvic fin relatively short, 4 orly, with rounded corners; supramaxilla relatively (4.6-4.3) in SL; head and body pinkish in colour, large and terminally positioned; upper jaw length ventral side pale. Six white blotches on body. 2.3 (2.3-2.4) in HL. Teeth in villiform bands in the Numerous small bluish white circular spots on premaxilla and palatines and in a small patch on lower caudal fin, upper caudal fin with a small cir- the vomer, premaxilla with an outer row of moder- cular grey spot distally. ate conical teeth; outer teeth anteriorly with irreg- Description: (When counts vary, those from the ular inner series of smaller conical teeth and a wide holotype are given in parentheses, Table I). inner band of much smaller teeth; small canine Dorsal rays X, 10; anal rays III, 6; pectoral rays teeth in mandible and at premaxillary symphysis. 15; pelvic rays I, 5; anal rays III, 6; caudal fin rays Tongue long, slender, and spatulate anteriorly. 17; lateral-line scales 42; 3 (4-5 as rudiments) + 9 Head fully scaled except lips, snout and maxilla; (2-3 as rudiments) gill rakers on the first arch (total about 5-6 rows of scales from edge of orbit to cor- 7-8 +11-12); vertebrae 23. ner of preopercle; scales ctenoid; lateral line not in Body moderately elongate, cylindrical; body a straight line (wavy), 2.5-3 rows of scales below depth at dorsal origin 4.3 (4.1-4.4) in SL, 1.7 (1.8- tenth dorsal-fin spine and the lateral line. 1.9) in HL; body moderately compressed, width Dorsal fin continuous and deeply notched; dorsal 1.3 (1.2-1.3) in body depth. Head moderately fin originating in front of a vertical through oper- compressed, short, its length 40.3 (42.3-42.6) % cular margin, and opposite pectoral anterior inser- SL, 2.5 (2.4) in SL; snout short, pointed, snout tion and pelvic posterior insertion. Dorsal-fin length 4.7 (4.8-4.9) in HL; orbit moderately large, spines relatively slender and straight without flexi- greater than interorbital width and snout length, ble tips; dorsal-fin origin above fifth lateral-line orbital diameter 9.3 (8.9-9.1) in SL, 3.7 (3.7-3.9) scale; first dorsal spine short, slender, 9.2 (10.7- in HL; interorbital space flat, scaly, scales reaching 11.1) in HL, 1.9 (2) in second spine; 4th dorsal to anterior edge of the orbit; interorbitalwidth 8.9 spine longest, 2.8 (3) in HL; ninth dorsal spine (8.8-9.0) in HL; two opercular spines and three slightly shorter than tenth spine, 1.3 (1.1-1.4) in

Fig. 3. Chelidoperca maculicauda n. sp., holotype, CMFRI GB 31. 139.14. 5, after preservation.

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tenth dorsal spine; dorsal-fin rays branched, addi- small grey spot. Lower lobe yellowish with bluish- tional branches at tips, longest dorsal-fin ray (sev- white spots. In preservative: similar to above with enth or eighth) 2.4 (2.3-2.4) in HL. the most markings and grey spot on caudal fin less Pectoral fins long, reaching vertical through anal- apparent (Fig. 3). fin origin, 24.5 (24.7-25.5) % SL, 1.6 (1.3-1.5) in Comparisons: Chelidoperca maculicauda can be HL; pelvic fins inserted in front of and beneath distinguished from all other species of the genus by pectoral fins, not reaching to anal-fin origin, its unique colour pattern, consisting of a com- pelvic-fin length 1.6 (1.8-2) in HL, 24.9 (21.8-23) pletely pink body with six white blotches, a grey % SL. Anal-fin origin in a vertical below dorsal ray spot on the upper half of caudal fin, numerous origin. Third anal-fin spine longer than second, 4.4 small pale blue dots on the lower caudal fin, shape (3.4-4.8) in head length; longest anal-fin soft ray of the caudal fin, and preopercular serration 40-46. (fifth) 2.2 (1.9-2.1) in head length; Preanal fin Other characters to distinguish amongst the Indian length 61.7(64.2-63.6) % SL. Anal-fin rays Ocean species of Chelidoperca are as follows. branched like dorsal-fin rays. Upper lobe of caudal C. ma culicauda is readily distinguished from Cheli- fin longer and rounded. doperca pleurospilus (Günther 1880) in having a Coloration: When fresh: Head and body high preopercular serration 40-46 (vs. 15-29 in pinkish in colour, belly and throat white. Bright C. pleurospilus), gill rakers 3+9 (vs. 5-6+11-12), yellow markings on the cheek and opercles. Bright body depth 22.8-24.3 (vs. 22.7-23.1 % SL), and red line on distal border of anal fin. Basal region of post orbital length 23.7-24.7 (vs. 19.3-19.5 % SL) anal-fin rays with yellow spots, membrane of last (Akazaki, 1972; Park et al., 2007). anal ray yellow spotted. Six white blotches on Chelidoperca maculicauda is distinguished from body. Upper part of maxilla yellowish, lower grey. Chelidoperca occipitalis Kotthaus 1973 in having an Upper rim of orbit with red spots. a narrow violet eye diameter 10.8-11.6 (vs. 9.1-10.6% SL) and stripe below eye across distal part of maxilla. Dor- absence of a black band on the body (vs. present). sal fin mostly yellowish, base of dorsal spines with Chelidoperca maculicauda differs from Chelidoperca pink spots; caudal fin pinkish red proximally, investigatoris in the absence of blackish bands (vs. upper and lower margins yellow, upper margins dark bands on sides), body depth 22.8-24 (vs. yellow, scattered small blue white spots centrally on 26.2-28 % SL), head length 40.3-42.6 (vs. 42-49 lower lobe; anal fin pale; upper caudal lobe with a % SL), interorbital 4.6-4.8 (vs. 3.4-4.1 % SL), and preanal length 61.7-64.2 (64.4-70 % SL). Chelidoperca investigatoris Alcock 1890 described from the collections of RIMS Investigator from the Ganjam coast (Orissa), Bay of Bengal, was the only Chelidoperca species known from Indian waters

Fig. 4A-B. A) Dorsal view of head Chelidoperca maculi- cauda, n. sp., holotype, CMFRI GB 31. 139.14. 5; Fig. 5. Image of occipital spines of Chelidoperca maculi- B) Anal fin image, holotype, CMFRI GB 31. 139.14. 5. cauda, n. sp., holotype, CMFRI GB 31. 139.14. 5.

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until C. occipitalis was reported from the southwest Etymology: The new species is named maculi- coast of India by (Bineesh et al., in press), these cauda with cauda from the Latin, meaning tail, and three species vary considerably in their COI macula from the Latin, meaning spot with refer- sequence, indicating there are three distinct species ence to the distinctive grey spot on the tail. in Indian waters. Proposed vernacular name: Indian perchlet. Barcode sequence: We attempted to sequence all sympatric forms of Chelidoperca found in the Ara- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS bian Sea. A 655 base pair amplicon from the 5´ Authors are grateful to G. Syda Rao, Director, region of the mitochondrial COI gene was bidirec- Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute tionally sequenced for the holotype and two (CMFRI), Kochi for the support. A. Gopalakrish- paratypes (GenBank Accession No. JX185308, nan and K. A. Sajeela (National Bureau of Fish JX185309, JX262929 respectively). The holotype Genetic Resources (NBFGR), Cochin Unit are and paratype sequences were virtually identical acknowledged for support in Barcoding works. (0.00 % sequence divergence). They possess a Mishra S. S (ZSI, Kolkata) and Ralf Thiel (ZMH, unique haplotype that is substantially divergent Germany) are acknowledged for the support. We from all other Chelidoperca species. The tree also wish to thank Barry Russell (Museum & Art revealed that Chelidoperca maculicauda is distinct Gallery of the Northern Territory, Australia) for from C. occipitalis and C. investigatoris (Fig. 6). suggestions and helpful comments on the earlier Distribution: Presently known only from off the version of manuscript. Thanks to anonymous southwest coast of India in the Arabian Sea, at reviewers for their helpful comments on the manu- depths of 180-320 m. script.

Fig. 6. Kimura 2 parameter (K2P) distance neighbour-joining tree of cytochrome c oxidase (COI) sequences from the genus Chelidoperca.

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