The Impact of Covid-19 on Souvenir Industry in Marine Tourism Areas in Indonesia

P -ISSN: 1907 – 9419 Jurnal Kepariwisataan Indonesia 15 (1) (2021)

E-ISSN: 2685 - 9076 Juni 2021

THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON SOUVENIR INDUSTRY IN MARINE TOURISM AREAS IN INDONESIA

Indah Pambudi Arumsari1, Rolisda Yosintha2 1,2Faculty of Teacher Training and Education Tidar University Jl. Kapten Suparman No.39, Tuguran, Potrobangsan, Kec. Magelang Utara, Kota Magelang, Jawa Tengah 56116 [email protected]

Accepted: 15 Juni 2020. Approved: 24 Mei 2021. Published: 28 Juni 2021

Abstract

Covid-19 is a lethal virus that is being faced by the world. Many sectors are affected by the virus, including the marine tourism industry and all people who work in this industry. This study aimed to investigate the impact of Covid-19 on souvenir traders in the marine tourism area in Indonesia. The researchers used a qualitative method to collect the data and descriptive analysis to analyze the data. The findings show that Covid-19 has detrimentally affected souvenir traders in marine tourism areas in Indonesia as they lost nearly 100% of their income from tourist visits. To overcome this income deficit, most of them choose to switch professions to become farmers, fishermen, seaweed farmers, and antiseptic gel makers.

Keywords: covid-19, marine tourism, souvenir industry

INTRODUCTION touches the eyes, nose, or mouth will be the way of the virus entering a person's The world is now suffering from body. WHO also says that the common the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 symptoms of Covid-19 are such as fever, (Covid-19). This disease is a type of dry cough, and fatigue. Other symptoms infectious disease that was not widely felt are headache, shortness of breath, known before the outbreak that struck sore throat, diarrhea, loss of sense of Wuhan, China, in December 2019. smell or taste, conjunctivitis. Usually, Covid-19 can easily spread when a these symptoms come gradually and vary person who is not infected with Covid-19 depending on the severity that occurs. accidentally inhales or holds an object People who are elderly and have that has been contaminated with a spark comorbidities will experience more that comes from a positive person with severe pain. Covid-19. The hand that has touched the In Indonesia, the number of object affected by the spark when it positive corona cases continues to

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E-ISSN: 2685 - 9076 Juni 2021

increase. This condition makes the companies, and other travel documents Indonesian government continue to enact such as official identity cards. Even this policies related to this pandemic. It regulation is also applied in Indonesia. begins with an appeal to stay at home for From those things, it means that people only 2 weeks last March, but until now cannot leave or enter Indonesia as freely Indonesian people are still being asked to as before. stay at home. According to an official The travel ban, which leads to report in https://covid19.go.id/, the access restrictions, brings about further number of positive corona cases in impacts on the tourism industry in Indonesia reached 23,165 on May 26, Indonesia as this regulation directly 2020. As many as 5,877 patients recover diminishes the number of travelers, either from this disease reach, while 1.418 domestic or foreign. To prevent the patients die. The people who were spread of Covid-19, several tourism initially encouraged to stay at home for departments have instructed to only 2 weeks now have to be patient temporarily close almost all tourism again because the policy continues to be destinations in their regions, including extended. Starting March 2020, the marine tourism attractions. Based on government ordered many institutions, (Asnida Riani, 2020), Lovina and including those in the education sectors, Pandawa beaches in Bali have been to Study from Home or Work from Home closed since March. Not only that (Imam to prevent the spread of this virus. In Rosidin, Robertus Belamirnus, 2020) addition, many public places that are also said that Kuta beach and all usually busy and crowded such as attractions in Badung, Bali were also shopping malls, tourist attractions, and closed. Other tourist objects such as places of worship are also on temporary Sayang Heulang beach in West Java were closure. also closed (Fitri Nursaniyah, 2020), and Furthermore, on the official several beaches in Gunung Kidul were website of the Covid-19 countermeasure also closed by the Gunung Kidul in Indonesia concerning the PSBB Regency Government (antaranews.com, (Large-Scale Social Restrictions) which 2020). makes the school be shut down, Anis Indonesia is the largest Baswedan will extend the policy to 4 archipelagic country in the world with June 2020. In Jakarta itself, per the DKI 17,499 islands across the equator. With Jakarta Governor Regulation (Pergub) 81,000 km of coastline, tourists can find Number 47 the Year 2020 regarding Exit countless marine tourism spots in Permit (SIKM), which regulates the Indonesia (West Java Government, obligations that must be fulfilled by 2017). To Indonesia, these marine tourist citizens who will enter the DKI Jakarta attractions are very important to support. Province. The letter said that those who Quoted from Suara.com, maritime were permitted were health, finance, tourism in Indonesia donated 1 billion US logistics, strategic industries, food, dollars in 2019. (Akhdi Martin Pratama, energy, hospitality, construction, Erlangga Djumena, 2019) released that at communication, and information the end of 2019 the tourism sector could technology, the fulfillment of daily reap foreign exchange totaling 17.6 needs, basic services, public utilities, and billion (Rp246.4 trillion) through the industries determined as objects national program 10 Bali Baru, 7 of the 10 vital and certain objects. Other destinations are marine tourism including requirements such as health certificates, Tanjung Kelayang (Belitung), Tanjung Swab Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Lesung (Banten), Mandalika (West Nusa tests, official letters from agencies or Tenggara), Labuan Bajo (East Nusa

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E-ISSN: 2685 - 9076 Juni 2021

Tenggara), Wakatobi (Southeast older people, they can produce souvenirs Sulawesi), and Morotai (Maluku North). with a variety of very beautiful models. This shows that marine tourism in Not only for local trade, but beach Indonesia also affects the country's souvenirs are also beginning to be in foreign exchange. However, because of demand by traders in big cities. Even the Covid-19 pandemic, some regions recently, the market demand for beach that rely on the marine industry suffered souvenirs has also expanded because it significant losses due to the absence of has been exported to neighboring tourist visits. Quoted from the website countries such as Thailand, Singapore, (Widodo, 2020), the Chairman of the Malay, China, and so on. The Marketing Indonesian Tourism Industry Association Manager of Multi Dimensi ShellCrafts, a in Bali, Ida Bagus Agung Partha company running in the souvenir Adnyana, said that the decline in Bali industry, said that around 2010 to 2015, tourism reached 93% compared to the the total number of exported goods same period last year Tourism reaches 100 to 150 thousand USD each destinations in Bali which is very bad is month (Astutik, 2019). a type of marine tourism, he concluded. The increase in the number of The dive tourism businesses in Labuan orders also affected the number of Bajo, West Manggarai, East Nusa employees employed, with the highest Tenggara, are also forced to close their number reaching 500 people. They can businesses due to the effects of this sell the products to China, Thailand, coronavirus. Marcia Stephanie, a dive Hongkong, and other countries. With operator in Labuan Bajo who closed the such a huge amount of income generated door of her business for a while said that from the souvenir industry and the losses in her company reached employability increase, the souvenir hundreds of millions (Bali.bisnis.com, industry has contributed to the addition of 2020). foreign exchange (CNBC INDONESIA, In marine tourism, of course, many 2019). Considering the important role parties play a role in supporting this played by the souvenir industry in marine industry. It is not only the visitors, hotel tourism areas, it is very important to or inn providers, and fishermen who play investigate the effects of Covid-19 on the a significant role in this industry, but also souvenir industry in marine tourism in souvenir merchants. When visiting Indonesia. marine tourism spots, visitors are often Talking about souvenirs, we need besieged by souvenir merchants who sell to know that souvenir sales are quite beautiful souvenirs, such as key chains, important. For residents around the coast, beach nuanced photo frames, tissue they will make this business a livelihood. boxes, necklaces, bracelets, seashells Not only that, but souvenirs are also a curtain, decorative lamps, beautiful medium to introduce tourism spots by decorative hangers, and many other showing their characteristics through products. These things are of course these souvenirs. Many tourists are made from the natural resources in the looking for and then buying souvenirs to see such as conch shells, starfish, sea slug save the memories even a gift for those shells, and many more. Some people who closest to them who cannot vacation live on the coast do not only work as together. Another thing also shows that fishermen or fishmongers but also souvenir sales are a supporting business produce beachfront souvenirs for sale. in the tourism sector. As said by Andinata This work is considered safer than a (2010), the other production sectors in fisherman who has to fight against the tourism include the handicraft industry, swift waves in the sea. From teenagers to souvenirs, accommodation, and

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transportation. Asmara (2020) also said METHOD that there are several tourism supports, namely the availability of travel agencies, This study aims to know the accommodation, transportation, catering impact of Covid-19 on the souvenir services and restaurants, money charges / industry in marine tourism areas. The money changers, tourist attractions, and researchers used a qualitative method to souvenirs such as souvenirs. collect the data by founding data through Based on the things that have been journals, articles, websites, and ministry mentioned above, it can be said that letters. Therefore, those resources were souvenirs are part of the support which chosen because t hey presented has many benefits. However, in the statements and facts about the conditions current pandemic era, souvenir industry of souvenir traders in marine tourism activities appear to be affected by Covid- areas. The data were then analyzed using 19. Based on the results of a survey a descriptive qualitative technique. The conducted by the Ministry of Tourism descriptive analysis aimed at collecting and Creative Economy, 0.97% of other data with good actuality which illustrated types of businesses affected by Covid 19 the real conditions. This whole process include souvenir shops, spa houses, and did not only aim to identify the problems other tourism services (Suprihatin, but also to investigate the solutions to 2020). Other research was conducted by make the conditions better based on the Hadiwardoyo (2020), in his research on data and the experience. National Economic Losses Due to the Covid-19 Pandemic, that the sectors that RESULTS AND DISCUSSION were hardest hit were places that rely on crowds, one of which is tourism, and The component in the tourism supporting businesses such as mass sector is certainly not only about the transportation, ticketing, hotels, and location and natural beauty that is souvenirs. presented. Among them, there are also In this current pandemic era many other components such as facilities and sectors are affected, one of which is the the art market or place of selling tourism sector. According to UNWTO souvenirs typical of the tourist attractions (2020), it is estimated that 850 million to that will add to the attractiveness of the 1.1 billion international tourists have spots. Every tourist spot has its decreased. This causes components in characteristics as well as souvenirs for tourism to also experience a decrease in sale. income, one of which is in the field of Souvenirs sold in marine tourism souvenir sales. This is due to the include a variety of craft shells decreasing level of tourist visitors, transformed into room decorations, especially marine tourism, which makes mirror decoration, miniature animals, souvenir traders lose many buyers. We and brooches. No less unique is the can observe that covid-19 is increasing, presence of souvenir merchants who sell while the rate of souvenir sales is notched rings and Jenitri bracelets and decreasing. It can be the general necklaces (Retno, 2016). The price range implication of Covid-19 on souvenir is set starting from IDR 4,500 - 65,000 traders. the decline in souvenir sales (Indonesian tourism, 2020) (Souvenir poses a risk to the economy of souvenir Shells, 2020). At the end of the holidays traders who depend their financial in 2019, visitors to Parangtritis Beach fortunes on tourists who buy these were around 30 thousand tourists (IDN souvenirs. Times, 2020), but in March the Bantul Regency Government closed all tourist

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attractions including Parangtritis Beach. for sale also have different variations. This makes the income of traders in Souvenirs are sold at the zoo in the form Parangtritis Beach shows IDR 0 (Pertana, of animal t-shirts, key chains, sandals, 2020). dolls, mugs, and stickers. Prices set by Not only in Parangtritis Beach, souvenir sellers at the zoo tour are around traders in Kuta Beach, Bali, also IDR 10,000- 68,000. The data is based on complained about the lack of tourists the recognition of one of the officers at there. One souvenir merchant who was the Harsum Souvenir Kiosk in Ragunan there said that in a day usually gets a Wildlife Park, Jakarta profit of Rp. 600,000 - Rp. 400,000 in a (TRIBUNNEWS.COM, 2012). With the day in November or December 2019 ago, existence of this pandemic, in March but with the existence of this pandemic, 2020 the DKI Jakarta Provincial tourist visits in the art market declined Government even had to close Ragunan dramatically (Merdeka.com, 2020). Wildlife Park, Jakarta (Grandyos Zafna, The absence of visitors was also 2020). This causes no tourist visits to felt by ArtShop traders in Sanur Beach, simply see the animals that exist, Bali. There are only a few local tourists especially to buy souvenirs that are sold and 2 foreign tourists who still survive in there. Bali. Usually, Sanur Beach Bali is never In religious tourism, souvenirs that empty of visitors and is always crowded are sold are also diverse such as prayer (NusaBali.com, 2020). However, due to beads, gloves, kopyah, shirts, and key the impact of Covid-19, tourists choose chains, calligraphy, paintings, or posters to stay at home. This makes the income about religious figures (JawaPost.com, of souvenir traders who are around Sanur 2018). The price range in the souvenir is Beach, Bali, suffered a substantial loss IDR 5,000 - 90,000. One example of due to the lack of income from the sale of religious tourism that is visited every day souvenirs. is the Gusdur Grave Tourist Area. To improve this condition, some Besides being able to make a pilgrimage souvenir sellers choose to sell their at Gus Dur’s grave, tourists can also shop personal belongings to survive, as said by for souvenirs. One of the visitors said that one of the souvenir traders in Parangtritis the selling price of souvenirs there is Beach (Pertana, 2020). Not only that, but cheap and has a large selection of items government assistance also came to help (FACTUALNEWS.CO, 2018). the economy and lighten the burden of However, due to the pandemic that is traders around the Kebumen beach such being experienced by the Indonesian as Logending Beach, Karangbolong state, based on the Circular Letter (SE) of Beach, Suwuk Beach, Petanahan Beach, Tebuireng Ponpes number 1524 / I / HM and Leguna Lembupurwo Beach by 00 01 / PENG / 2020 dated March 14, providing food packages (Heksantoro, 2020, the tomb of Gus Dur must be 2020). One of the residents in Nusa temporarily closed until an indefinite Penida, Bali, also said that many had time. This has led to the absence of switched professions because of the tourists and also the purchase of covid-19 to become farmers, fishermen, souvenirs (detikcom, 2020). and seaweed farmers (BALIPOST.com, In addition, historical tourism in 2020). Rumah Rumpu Laut (RRL) even Indonesia is also quite a lot considering produces antiseptic gel at an affordable the many tragedies that befell the price so that it can increase sales turnover Indonesian state before and after them. (kumparan.com, 2020). One example of historical tourism in In other tourist attractions, namely Indonesia which is quite famous is the animal husbandry attractions, souvenirs historical tourism monument. In the

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historical tour of Monas, souvenirs are souvenir purchase level is highly sold in the form of typical Monas trinkets affected. In the marine tourism sector, such as miniature monas key chains, t- souvenir purchases indicate 0% interest, shirts that are on sale at low prices (CNN which means there are no purchases that Indonesia, 2020). At the close of 2019, occur due to the closing of marine Monas was very hemp visited by both tourism. local and foreign tourists. The tourists But it is not only marine tourism still enjoy the atmosphere by sitting that is affected, temple tourism is also casually down to the parks in Monas. But affected and only shows 30% in terms of some tourists are less able to feel the souvenir purchases. Other tours such as atmosphere of Monas because it is too wildlife tourism, religious tourism, crowded. This also had a good impact on historical tourism also show 0%. It can be souvenir sales because at the close of seen in the graph the most souvenir sales 2019 there were very many visitors are in temple tours. This finding proves (KOMPAS.com, 2019). However, last that the presence of this coronavirus March, the Governor of DKI Jakarta affects the sales of existing souvenirs. closed a number of tours managed by the The closure of the tour makes tourists Provincial Government of DKI Jakarta zero and empty souvenir buyers. The data including Monas (detikcom, 2020). This that has been collected also illustrates closure makes several tourists has that the most affected are marine tourism decreased dramatically; souvenir sales because in the data above it is stated that are also reduced by 100%. at the close of 2019 visitors to Overall, almost all tourist Parangtritis Beach (which is included as attractions in Indonesia suffer from one of marine tourism) shows figures up Covid-19 by the dramatic decline in to 30 thousand tourists. Whereas with the tourist arrivals. This condition has led to existence of this pandemic, souvenir a severe blow on souvenir sellers in those merchants said that there no tourists were spots as summarized in Figure 1. visiting and buying souvenirs. With the results and discussion 35% above, we can analyze that Covid-19 30% affects souvenir sales, especially in the 25% 20% marine tourism sector. The finances of 15% souvenir traders on marine tourism are 10% 5% under threat due to the decline in the 0% number of tourists because of the coronavirus. Not only that, the seekers of materials for making souvenirs around the beach also felt the impact. Those things are including the profound impact of Covid-19 on sales and workers

Figure 1. Souvenir purchase in some tourist involved in the souvenir business. attractions in Indonesia Quote from (KOMPAS.TV, 2020) the existence of this coronavirus outbreak As shown in Figure 1, there is a has made several souvenir shops in decrease in the sales of souvenirs in the Sorong experience a decrease in turnover Indonesian tourism sector. The graph of up to 80% compared to before the answers researchers' questions about the coronavirus. This is due to the absence of impact of Covid-19 on souvenir traders in tourists who come to marine tourism in marine tourism areas. The graph shows Raja Ampat Regency, Papua Province. that souvenir merchant income or On the other hand, it is written that if the

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tourism industry has decreased, it will tourism, historical tourism, zoo tourism, affect other industries such as hotels, and marine tourism in particular. transportation, restaurants, and souvenirs Souvenir merchants themselves are also (Fajar, 2020). expected to have innovations for other The researchers found not only a jobs as a substitute for jobs other than profound impact but also the effect of the selling souvenirs. One of the innovations decline in souvenir sales in economic and that suitable for this current situation is social aspects. From the economic point that souvenir traders can take advantage of view, Covid-19 makes some souvenir of technology to market their traders decrease such as the financial. merchandise online. It can be done so that The researcher can analyze that based on souvenir traders can still sell and promote the data that have been written above. their merchandise in the current Moreover, it also happens in social pandemic situation. impact. Many corporations have to decide on lay off the workers due to those BIBLIOGRAPGHY pandemics. This is done by the souvenir company because there are no consumers Akhdi Martin Pratama, Erlangga Djumena. or buyers. It is making the company does (28. July 2019). Sektor Pariwisata not have money to pay its workers. Ditargetkan Raup Devisa Rp 246 Besides, there are changes in the sales Triliun di 2019. KOMPAS.COM: system. Initially, souvenir sellers were https://money.kompas.com/read/2019 /07/28/172200726/sektor-pariwisata- selling by opening shops or directly ditargetkan-raup-devisa-rp-246- marketing them. However, now souvenir triliun-di-2019- sellers have to replace the sales system Antaranews.com. (24. March 2020). Pemkab with the online market. Gunung Kidul tutup seluruh objek With the research and accurate wisata pantai. Haettu 14. June 2020 news from other sources mentioned osoitteesta above, researchers found a similarity. Andinata, S. (2010). Identifikasi Produk The coronavirus does have a bad impact Khas Semarang Yang Potensial on the world of tourism, one of them is an Dikembangkan Menjadi Souvenir effect on the tourism support sector, such Kota Semarang. Doctoral dissertation, Prodi Manajemen Unika as the souvenirs industry. Soegijapranata), 2. Asnida Riani. (23. march 2020). Daftar Objek CONCLUSIONS AND Wisata, Restoran, dan Beach Club di SUGGESTIONS Bali yang Tutup Sementara Akibat Corona COVID-19. LIPUTAN6: The research concludes that https://m.liputan6.com/lifestyle/read/ Covid-19 does affect the tourism sector, 4209394/daftar-objek-wisata- especially in the sale of souvenirs. restoran-dan-beach-club-di-bsli- Souvenir merchants in the marine yang-tutp-sementara-akibat-corona- tourism area are very affected, with 0% covid-19 Balipost.com. (9. March 2020). Wisman data purchase of souvenirs in the marine Seoi, Warga Nusa Penida Alih tourism area in Indonesia. This study also Profesi. BALIPOST.com: aims to determine the impact of Covid-19 http://www.balipost.com/news/2020/ on souvenir traders in the marine tourism 03/09/10852 area. With this research, it is expected CNN Indonesia. (23. February 2020). Wisata that the government may immediately Sejarah Modal 'Goceng' di Monas. take action to improve the economy of CNN Indonesia: souvenir merchants in the tourism area, https://www.cnnindonesia.com/gaya- including temple tourism, religious hidup/20200221215120-269-

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