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La Paz Como Derecho Humano Pablo Romo Cedano Derecho Humano La Paz Como Pablo Romo Cedano

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La Paz Como Derecho Humano Pablo Romo Cedano Derecho Humano La Paz Como Pablo Romo Cedano derechos humanos Hacer la paz posible es un tema permanente en la historia de la humanidad. Vivir en armonía, en una sociedad libre de violencia es un anhelo inalcanzado hasta ahora por la humanidad, por más que ha habido grandes y serios esfuer- zos para que la paz sea posible. La paz es término que ha vivido en correlato, en un binomio permanente con el de la guerra. La paz, no es la ausencia de guerra y no es una realidad que gana terreno en tanto la guerra o el conflicto lo pierde. La paz, como concepto, trasciende la guerra y se ubica en socie- Cedano Romo Pablo dades «sin guerra», pero en constante conflicto. ¿Es posible intervenir para hacer la paz posible? ¿Cómo se interviene en los últimos años para hacerla vi- gente? La paz es un derecho humano aún por hacerlo positivo. Su ejercicio no solo corresponde a las autoridades, sino a toda persona humana. El presente libro recupera la experiencia de la CONAI en su ejercicio mediador en Chiapas. Recuperar la memoria de esta intervención nos puede abrir un horizonte nue- La Paz como vo para el contexto actual de nuestro país y más allá. derecho humano Pablo Romo Cedano La Paz como derecho humano derecho como La Paz derechos derechos humanos humanos LA PAZ COMO DERECHO HUMANO COMITÉ CIENTÍFICO DE LA EDITORIAL TIRANT LO BLANCH MARÍA JOSÉ AÑÓN ROIG JAVIER DE LUCAS MARTÍN Catedrática de Filosofía del Derecho de la Catedrático de Filosofía del Derecho y Filosofía Universidad de Valencia Política de la Universidad de Valencia ANA CAÑIZARES LASO VÍCTOR MORENO CATENA Catedrática de Derecho Civil Catedrático de Derecho Procesal de la Universidad de Málaga de la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid JORGE A. CERDIO HERRÁN FRANCISCO MUÑOZ CONDE Catedrático de Teoría y Filosofía de Catedrático de Derecho Penal Derecho. Instituto Tecnológico de la Universidad Pablo de Olavide de Sevilla Autónomo de México ANGELIKA NUSSBERGER JOSÉ RAMÓN COSSÍO DÍAZ Jueza del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos. Ministro en retiro de la Suprema Corte Catedrática de Derecho Internacional de la de Justicia de la Nación y miembro de Universidad de Colonia (Alemania) El Colegio Nacional HÉCTOR OLASOLO ALONSO EDUARDO FERRER MAC-GREGOR POISOT Catedrático de Derecho Internacional de la Presidente de la Corte Interamericana de Universidad del Rosario (Colombia) y Derechos Humanos. Investigador del Instituto de Presidente del Instituto Ibero-Americano de Investigaciones Jurídicas de la UNAM La Haya (Holanda) OWEN FISS LUCIANO PAREJO ALFONSO Catedrático emérito de Teoría del Derecho de la Catedrático de Derecho Administrativo de la Universidad de Yale (EEUU) Universidad Carlos III de Madrid JOSÉ ANTONIO GARCÍA-CRUCES GONZÁLEZ TOMÁS SALA FRANCO Catedrático de Derecho Mercantil Catedrático de Derecho del Trabajo y de la de la UNED Seguridad Social de la Universidad de Valencia LUIS LÓPEZ GUERRA IGNACIO SANCHO GARGALLO Catedrático de Derecho Constitucional de la Magistrado de la Sala Primera (Civil) del Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Tribunal Supremo de España ÁNGEL M. LÓPEZ Y LÓPEZ TOMÁS S. VIVES ANTÓN Catedrático de Derecho Civil de la Catedrático de Derecho Penal de la Universidad de Sevilla Universidad de Valencia MARTA LORENTE SARIÑENA RUTH ZIMMERLING Catedrática de Historia del Derecho de la Catedrática de Ciencia Política de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Universidad de Mainz (Alemania) Procedimiento de selección de originales, ver página web: www.tirant.net/index.php/editorial/procedimiento-de-seleccion-de-originales LA PAZ COMO DERECHO HUMANO PABLO ROMO CEDANO tirant lo blanch Ciudad de México, 2019 Copyright ® 2019 Todos los derechos reservados. Ni la totalidad ni parte de este libro puede reprodu- cirse o transmitirse por ningún procedimiento electrónico o mecánico, incluyendo fotocopia, grabación magnética, o cualquier almacenamiento de información y sistema de recuperación sin permiso escrito del autor y de la editora. En caso de erratas y actualizaciones, la Editorial Tirant lo Blanch México publicará la pertinente corrección en la página web www.tirant.com/mex/ Directora de la colección: CONSUELO RAMÓN CHORNET © Pablo Romo Cedano © EDITA: TIRANT LO BLANCH DISTRIBUYE: TIRANT LO BLANCH MÉXICO Río Tiber 66, Piso 4 Colonia Cuauhtémoc Delegación Cuauhtémoc CP 06500 Ciudad de México Telf: +52 1 55 65502317 [email protected] www.tirant.com/mex/ www.tirant.es ISBN: 978-84-1313-841-1 MAQUETA: Tink Factoría de Color Si tiene alguna queja o sugerencia, envíenos un mail a: [email protected]. En caso de no ser atendida su sugerencia, por favor, lea en www.tirant.net/index.php/empresa/politicas-de-empresa nuestro procedimiento de quejas. Responsabilidad Social Corporativa: http://www.tirant.net/Docs/RSCTirant.pdf ÍNDICE ABREVIATURAS ............................................................................................ 11 INTRODUCCIÓN .......................................................................................... 13 CAPÍTULO 1 LA PAZ COMO DERECHO HUMANO 1. EL CONCEPTO DE PAZ ........................................................................ 23 1.1. Punto de partida .................................................................................. 23 1.2. ¿Por qué la guerra y no la paz? ............................................................. 24 1.3. Por el camino de la guerra ................................................................... 27 2. EL IDEAL DE LA PAZ PERPETUA ...................................................... 32 2.1. El garante de la paz perpetua ............................................................... 32 2.2. Los límites del “Estado de los Pueblos” de Kant .................................. 36 3. LA PAZ MODERNA Y LOS PACIFISMOS .......................................... 39 3.1. Pacifismo Institucional ........................................................................ 40 3.2. El pacifismo ético ................................................................................ 43 3.3. El equilibrio del Terror y el nuevo Terror............................................. 49 4. LA PAZ Y EL DERECHO........................................................................ 58 4.1. El Papel del Derecho ........................................................................... 58 4.2. Mecanismos para un Derecho de Paz .................................................. 65 5. SISTEMAS INTERNACIONALES PARA LA PAZ .............................. 67 5.1. Antecedentes ....................................................................................... 67 5.2. El Sistema de Naciones Unidas Nace de la Búsqueda de la Paz .......... 70 6. EL DERECHO HUMANO A LA PAZ ................................................... 79 6.1. Derecho de solidaridad, camino para el reconocimiento del derecho sagrado a la paz .................................................................................... 79 6.2. La Globalización y el Derecho a la Paz. ............................................... 84 6. 3. Llegará el Derecho a la Paz ................................................................. 88 6.4. Un Esfuerzo más por la Paz ................................................................. 92 CAPÍTULO 2 HACER POSIBLE LA PAZ 1. DESDE LOS TEÓRICOS HACIA LA PAZ ........................................... 106 1.1. El conflicto social................................................................................. 107 a. Proceso .......................................................................................... 115 b. Interacción contenciosa ................................................................. 115 c. Actores sociales .............................................................................. 116 d. Movilización .................................................................................. 116 e. Orientaciones cognitivas ................................................................ 117 8 Índice f. Organización ................................................................................. 117 g. Objetivos ....................................................................................... 118 2. INTERVENCIÓN EN LOS CONFLICTOS .......................................... 118 2.1. Las actitudes ........................................................................................ 119 2.2. Las Escuelas ........................................................................................ 120 2.2.1. Primera generación: Manejo de conflictos .................................. 122 3. LAS EXPERIENCIAS DE INTERVENCIÓN EN ALGUNAS PAR- TES DEL MUNDO ................................................................................... 126 CAPÍTULO 3 CARACTERIZACIÓN DEL CONFLICTO EN CHIAPAS 1. ALGUNOS ANTECEDENTES DEL CONFLICTO Y SU UBICA- CIÓN ........................................................................................................... 137 1.1. Un poco de historia ............................................................................. 138 1.2. Breve ubicación y contexto .................................................................. 141 2. CARACTERIZACIÓN DEL CONFLICTO ENTRE EL GOBIER- NO FEDERAL MEXICANO Y EL EJERCITO ZAPATISTA DE LI- BERACIÓN NACIONAL. ........................................................................ 145 2.1. El Proceso del conflicto ....................................................................... 145 2.2. Interacción contenciosa entre los actores ............................................. 151 2.3. Actores sociales ...................................................................................
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