Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized in the FIGHT AGAINST in POVERTY AGAINST the FIGHT MIND Katherine Marshall and Lucy Keough Lucy and Marshall Katherine AND SOUL , HEART , Mind, Heart, and Soul in the Fight against Poverty Mind, Heart, and Soul in the Fight against Poverty Katherine Marshall Lucy Keough Washington, D.C. © 2004 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street, NW Washington, DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000 Internet: www.worldbank.org E-mail: [email protected] All rights reserved. 1 2 3 4 07 06 05 04 The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Board of Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of the World Bank concerning the legal sta- tus of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Rights and Permissions The material in this work is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable law. The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission promptly. For permission to photocopy or reprint any part of this work, please send a request with complete information to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Dan- vers, MA 01923, USA, telephone 978-750-8400, fax 978-750-4470, www.copyright.com. All other queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to the Office of the Publisher, World Bank, 1818 H Street, NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA, fax 202-522-2422, e-mail [email protected]. Cover design: Naylor Design, Inc. Cover photo credits (from top, clockwise): girl—Getty Images/Ron Krisel; hands—Getty Images; statue—Getty Images. ISBN 0-8213-5868-5 Cataloging-in-Publication Data has been applied for. Contents Foreword xi Acknowledgments xv Abbreviations and Acronyms xvii 1. Separate or Common Worlds? Faith and Development Partnerships for the New Millennium 1 Millennium Goals and Challenges 4 Mind, Heart, and Soul (and Hands) 7 The Book 9 PART I: FAITH PERSPECTIVES AND THE UNDERSTANDING OF POVERTY 13 Introduction 15 2. Beyond “Consultation without Participation”? Faith Institution Engagement with the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper Process 19 PRSP Process—the Backdrop 20 WFDD Consultation with Faith Leaders on the PRSP Experience 21 The PRSP Consultation Itself 27 Some Conclusions 30 3. Learning with Jubilee: World Bank Engagement with the Jubilee 2000 Debt Campaign 35 Origins of Jubilee 2000 36 The Moral Case for Debt Forgiveness 36 The Jubilee 2000 Debt Campaign 37 V VI • Contents Debt in the Poorest Countries 39 The First Heavily Indebted Poor Country Initiative 41 Enhanced HIPC Initiative and Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers 42 The Outcome: HIPC Debt Relief 43 A Jubilee Vision for the Future 44 Appendix. Bolivia: Jubilee 2000, National Dialogue, and the Catholic Church 45 4. The Fez Colloquium: “Giving Soul to Globalization” 49 The Fez Festival 50 Colloquium, Giving Soul to Globalization 51 2003 Colloquium 52 2004 Colloquium 55 5. Attacking Extreme Poverty: Learning from the ATD Fourth World Movement 57 ATD’s Human Rights Framework 58 Doña Matilda and the Street Library 60 Learning with the Poorest 61 6. The Inter-American Development Bank Initiative on Social Capital, Ethics, and Development 65 Vision for the Initiative 66 Concrete Goals 67 Programs and Actions 68 Appendix. Economic Crisis and the “New Poor”: Aiding the Jewish Population in Argentina 70 7. The Significance of Decent Work: Faith Insights into an International Priority 75 The Foundation: Utilitarian and Values-Based Approaches to Regulation 76 ILO–WCC Dialogue 77 Reflections on Decent Work and Faith Traditions 78 The Ethical Responsibility of Work 83 8. Exploring Country Faith–Development Partnerships 87 Guatemala 87 Ethiopia 90 Tanzania 92 PART II: MILLENNIUM CHALLENGES FOR FAITH AND DEVELOPMENT 95 Introduction 97 HIV/AIDS—Today’s Moral Imperative for Development 97 Maternal and Child Health 99 Children’s Education 99 Environmental Preservation 100 Contents • VII 9. Conquering Slim: Uganda’s War on HIV/AIDS 105 Political Commitment and Leadership 106 The ABC Strategy 109 The Role of Religious Leaders 111 The Importance of Organization and Networking 116 Challenges Ahead 120 10. A DREAM? Sant’Egidio Fighting HIV/AIDS in Mozambique 125 Mozambique and the Challenge of HIV/AIDS 126 The Community of Sant’Egidio 128 Sant’Egidio and Mozambique 129 HIV/AIDS—The DREAM Project 130 11. Creative Partnerships in Fighting HIV/AIDS 135 Another Chance: Hope for African Children Initiative 135 Prescription for Hope: An Evangelical Movement’s Outreach on HIV/AIDS 140 12. Religious Organizations for Reproductive Health: A Ghana–UNFPA Partnership 147 National Reproductive Health Situation 148 Beyond and between the Numbers 149 First Initiatives in Reproductive Health Programming with Faith Organizations 151 Steps Forward for Faith-Based Collaborations 153 Looking Ahead 155 13. Fighting Female Genital Cutting: Religious and Traditional Leaders’ Roles in Combating Genital Cutting in Senegal and Uganda 159 Leadership of the Women of Malicounda Bambara, Senegal 161 The Sabiny Elders and Project REACH in Uganda 162 Concluding Thoughts 163 14. Educating Successful Leaders for Successful Latin American Societies: Jesuit Education and the Centro Magis 165 Where the Asphalt Ends, Fe y Alegría Begins 166 AVINA Foundation Partnership with the Jesuit Order 171 Centro Magis: Investing in Partnerships 173 Appendix. Fe y Alegría Operations 174 15. Expanding Early Childhood Education: Madrasas in East Africa 183 The MRCs’ Approach to Community-Based Preschool 185 Program Development, 1995–2001 188 Addressing Long-Term Sustainability 189 Evaluating the Program 189 Challenges Ahead 191 VIII • Contents 16. “Mountains Have Deities and Water a Spirit”: The Mongolian Sacred Sites Initiative—A Partnership Linking Faith and Forests 195 The Mongolian Sacred Sites Initiative 196 PART III: PEACE FOR GOD 203 Introduction 205 17. Faith Dimensions of Peace and Development in Colombia 209 Origins of the Program 210 The Participatory, Faith-Based Approach 212 Common Values 214 18. Sri Lanka: Delivering Aid and Building Partnerships amid Armed Conflict 217 The Conflict 217 The Northeast Irrigated Agriculture Project 220 The Framework for Relief, Rehabilitation, and Reconciliation 222 Lessons from the RRR Consultation Process 223 Appendix. NEIAP in Action in a Conflict-Affected Community 225 19. “Kacel pi Kuc”: Together for Peace in Uganda 229 Conflict in Northern Uganda 229 Acholi Religious Leaders’ Peace Initiative 230 The Mennonite Central Committee 231 Northern Uganda Social Action Fund 232 20. Social Funds for Peace and Development in Conflict Regions of the Philippines 235 The Conflict 235 Negotiations Begin 237 Movement toward Peace and Development 237 Further Conflict 239 Working with Internally Displaced Persons 240 An Enhanced Social Fund 240 21. Building Peace in Cambodia: Faith Initiatives 1992–2001 243 Cambodian Buddhism and Its “Tragedy of History” 244 Returning to Buddhism in Post-Socialist Cambodia 246 The Dhammayietra 247 The Dhammayietra’s Peace Walks Multiply 248 Initiatives with International Faith-Based NGOs 249 The Grassroots Power of Religion 250 Contents • IX 22. The Community of Sant’Egidio: Its Role in Mediating Peace 255 Sant’Egidio’s Role as a Peace Mediator 257 Mozambique 258 Albania 262 23. Toward Conclusions: Covenants for Action 271 Looking Ahead: Returning to Where We Started, and Seeing for the First Time 273 Selected Bibliography 277 Index 279 BOXES 1.1 The Millennium Declaration and the Millennium Development Goals 4 “Working for God”: Cost-Benefit Reflections on Faith-Run Clinics in Uganda 101 15.1 Keys to Success 186 TABLE 15.1 Beneficiaries of the Madrasa Early Childhood Education Program 190 Foreword No challenge to the global community has higher importance or greater urgency than the fight against poverty. And nothing is more central to that fight than working together, particularly in new and dynamic partnerships. The continuing suffering of almost half of the people alive in the world today—who live daily with poverty, disease, and hunger, who have few opportunities, little access to the most basic services, and muffled hope for a better future—is a scandal. Millions of people who have seen their lives improve in the past decades are testimony to the key fact that poverty can be overcome, but the numbers of those who have yet to see progress are greater still. The global community has, most dramatically in the formal commit- ment of the leaders of all nations to the Millennium Declaration in 2000, committed itself to changing this picture. This commitment is inspira- tional, and still more inspirational is the commitment to measure and judge progress continuously by keeping the light shining on the specific and tangible Millennium Development Goals. There are no grounds for complacency, however, as we are still far from achieving the goals though the year set for their achievement—2015—is fast approaching. We have far to go. The central mission and purpose of the World Bank is to work toward a world “free of poverty,” and our programs and staff efforts are all direct- ed to this end. However, we are keenly aware that many others, above all XI XII • Foreword the people who struggle each day to improve their lives, are equally engaged and committed to the same endeavor. The work we all do is directed, more and more, to a common end, and there is today a much keener appreciation than even a decade ago that we hold many values and goals in common. Different institutions and sectors have their roles to play in working on the global challenges of the Millennium Development Goals, and diver- sity, local initiative, and creativity are essential to success.