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Rapporto Sulla Politica Estera Italiana: Il Governo Renzi

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Rapporto Sulla Politica Estera Italiana: Il Governo Renzi Quaderni IAI RAPPORTO SULLA POLITICA ESTERA ITALIANA: IL GOVERNO RENZI Edizione 2016 a cura di Ettore Greco e Natalino Ronzitti Edizioni Nuova Cultura Questa pubblicazione è frutto della partnership strategica tra l’Istituto Affari Internazionali (IAI) e la Compagnia di San Paolo. Quaderni IAI Direzione: Natalino Ronzitti La redazione di questo volume è stata curata da Sandra Passariello Prima edizione luglio 2016 – Edizioni Nuova Cultura Per Istituto Affari Internazionali (IAI) Via Angelo Brunetti 9 - I-00186 Roma www.iai.it Copyright © 2016 Edizioni Nuova Cultura - Roma ISBN: 9788868127138 Copertina: Luca Mozzicarelli È vietata la riproduzione non autorizzata, anche parziale, realizzata con qualsiasiComposizione mezzo, grafica: compresa Luca la Mozzicarelli fotocopia, anche ad uso interno o didattico. Indice Lista degli Autori .............................................................................................................................................7 Lista degli acronimi ........................................................................................................................................9 1. Le scelte in Europa ................................................................................................................................. 11 1.1 Ruolo e posizioni in Europa, di Ettore Greco .....................................................................13 1.2 L’agenda economica dell’Unione europea, di Ferdinando Nelli Feroci .......................21 1.3 La governance economica europea, di Fabrizio Saccomanni ...................................... 27 1.4 La riforma delle istituzioni, di Gianni Bonvicini .................................................................35 1.5 La politica estera europea, di Nicoletta Pirozzi e Lorenzo Vai .....................................41 2. La politica di sicurezza e difesa, di Alessandro Marrone e Vincenzo Camporini ........ 47 3. Strategia e priorità della politica migratoria, di Marcello Di Filippo ..............................57 4. La politica energetica, di Nicolò Sartori .......................................................................................65 5. La cooperazione allo sviluppo, di Luca De Fraia ......................................................................71 6. La promozione dell’italiano, di Iacopo Viciani ...........................................................................75 di Giovanna De Maio e Daniele Fattibene .......................................................................................79 7. Il conflitto in Ucraina e le sanzioni contro la Russia, .......................................85 Roberto Aliboni .................................................................................87 8. Conflitto e cooperazione nel Mediterraneo e in Medio Oriente 8.2 Siria, Iraq e Palestina, di Andrea Dessì ...................................................................................93 8.1 Il conflitto in Libia, di 8.3 Egitto, di Azzurra Meringolo ........................................................................................................101 9. L’Africa subsahariana, di Nicoletta Pirozzi ...............................................................................107 10. I rapporti con la Cina, di Giovanni Andornino ....................................................................... 113 5 INDICE 11. Internazionalizzazione e attrazione degli investimenti esteri, di Andrea Renda .....117 12. La politica spaziale, di Jean-Pierre Darnis e Alessandra Scalia ..................................... 121 13. Problemi di diritto internazionale, di Natalino Ronzitti ................................................ 127 Sintesi .............................................................................................................................................................. 137 Appendice documentaria con statistiche .......................................................................................149 6 Lista degli Autori Roberto Aliboni, consigliere, ricercatore scientifico, e docente IAI. di Relazioni internazionali dell’Asia orientale, Università di Torino; vicepresidente, T.wai. Giovanni Andornino , vicepresidente vicario, IAI. Gianni Bonvicini , vicepresidente, IAI. Vincenzo Camporini, direttore del Programma Sicurezza e difesa, IAI; professore associato, Università di Nizza. Jean-Pierre Darnis , Segretario generale aggiunto, ActionAid Italia. Luca De Fraia , dottoranda di ricerca, Università degli studi di Napoli Giovanna De Maio L’Orientale. , assistente alla ricerca, Programma Mediterraneo e Medio Andrea Dessì Oriente, IAI. dell’immigrazione, Università di Pisa. Marcello Di Filippo, coordinatore, Osservatorio sul diritto europeo , assistente alla ricerca, Programma Sicurezza e difesa, IAI. Daniele Fattibene , direttore, IAI. Ettore Greco , responsabile di ricerca, Programma Sicurezza e difesa, IAI. Alessandro Marrone 7 RAPPORTO SULLA POLITICA ESTERA ITALIANA: IL GOVERNO RENZI , ricercatrice, Programma Mediterraneo e Medio AffarInternazionali. Azzurra Meringolo Oriente, IAI, caporedattrice, presidente, di IAI. Ferdinando Nelli ,Feroci responsabile di ricerca, Programma Unione europea, IAI. Nicoletta Pirozzi , senior research fellow, Center for European Policy Studies. Andrea Renda Diritto internazionale, Luiss Guido Carli. Natalino Ronzitti, consigliere scientifico, IAI; professore emerito di , vicepresidente, IAI. Fabrizio Saccomanni, responsabile di ricerca, coordinatore del Programma Energia, IAI. Nicolò Sartori , assistente alla ricerca, Programma Sicurezza e dife- sa, IAI. Alessandra Scalia Lorenzo Vai, ricercatore,, segretario IAI, particolare Centro Studi del viceministrosul Federalismo. agli Esteri Mario Giro, Ministero degli Affari esteri e della Cooperazione internazionale. Iacopo Viciani 8 Lista degli acronimi Apc Area della promozione culturale Aps Aiuto per lo sviluppo Asem Asia-Europe Meeting Asf Alaska Satellite Facility Asl Airbus Safran Launchers Asi Agenzia spaziale italiana Bce Banca centrale europea Cdp Continuing Professional Development Cds Consiglio di Sicurezza Cgs Compagnia generale per lo spazio Cig Corte internazionale di giustizia Cnes Centre national d’études spatiales Coi Comando operativo di vertice interforze Coreper Comitato dei rappresentanti permanenti Cosme Competitiveness of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises Csce Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe Dgsp Direzione generale del sistema paese Elv European Launch Vehicle EniEcofin EconomicEnte nazionale and Financial idrocarburi Affairs Council Esa Agenzia spaziale europea Eunavfor Med European Naval Force Mediterranean Evd Ebola virus desease Feis Fondo europeo per gli investimenti strategici Fmi Fondo monetario internazionale G-7Fesf Gruppo Fondo europeo dei 7 di stabilità finanziaria Ice Istituto nazionale per il commercio estero Iic Istituti italiani di cultura Isa Israeli Space Agency Isaf International Security Assistance Force Isis Islamic State of Iraq and Syria Iss International Space Station Issg International Syria Support Group Itgi Interconnector Turkey-Greece-Italy Itlos International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea 9 RAPPORTO SULLA POLITICA ESTERA ITALIANA: IL GOVERNO RENZI Maeci Ministero degli Affari esteri e della cooperazione internazionale Mena Medio Oriente e Nord Africa Mes Meccanismo europeo di stabilità Mibact Ministero per i Beni, le attività culturali e il turismo Miur Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’università e della ricerca Mtcr Missile Technology Control Regime Nasa National Aeronautics and Space Administration Nato North Atlantic Treaty Organization Nsg Nuclear Suppliers Group Ocse Organizzazione per la cooperazione e lo sviluppo economico Nigc National Iranian Gas Company Ohb Orbitale Hochtechnologie Bremen Oms Organizzazione mondiale della sanità Ong Organizzazioni non governative Onu Organizzazione delle Nazioni Unite Osce Organizzazione per la sicurezza e la cooperazione in Europa PBoC People’s Bank of China Pesd Politica di sicurezza e difesa comune Pil Prodotto interno lordo Pisa Programme for International Student Assessment Pmi Piccole e medie imprese Pnl Prodotto nazionale lordo Pogdc Pars Oil & Gas Development Ppa Pattugliatori polifunzionali d’altura Ppp Partenariati pubblico-privato Psc Patto di stabilità e crescita Rap Readiness Action Plan Rpc Repubblica popolare cinese Sace Istituto per i servizi assicurativi del commercio estero Sar Search and Rescue Shalom Spaceborne Hyperspectral Applicative Land and Ocean Mission Simest Società italiana per le imprese all’estero Tanap Trans Anatolian Pipeline Tap Trans Adriatic Pipeline Tfue Trattato sul funzionamento dell’Unione europea Ue Unione europea Uem Unione economica e monetaria Verta Vega Research and Technology Accompaniment VjtfUnoosa V Unitedery Rapid Nations Joint Office Task Forcefor Outer Space Affairs 10 1. Le scelte in Europa 1.1 Ruolo e posizioni in Europa Ettore Greco periodo in esame – la crescente instabilità del vicinato, la crisi migratoria, Le sfide più impegnative che ha affrontato la politica estera italiana nel- rie – sono le stesse con cui hanno dovuto misurarsi, pur con diversa inten- sità,l’acuirsi anche della gli minacciaaltri paesi terroristica europei. Scaturiscono e le riemergenti infatti turbolenze da fenomeni finanzia e pro- repentaglio assetti politici ed istituzionali che apparivano consolidati. Si cessi che hanno investito in pieno il continente europeo fino a metterne a- sposta solo a livello europeo, in una rinnovata capacità dei paesi membri dell’Uetratta
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