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Hunger Report 2000 A Program toEnd Hunger HUNGER 2000 Tenth Annual Report on the State of World Hunger 1100 Wayne Avenue, Suite1000 Silver Spring,Maryland 20910 USA Printed on recyclable paper with soy inks Bread for the World Institute President David Beckmann President Emeritus Arthur Simon Director Richard A. Hoehn Editor James V.Riker Co-Editor Elena McCollim Design Dennis & Sackett Design, Inc. © 2000 by Bread for the World Institute 1100 Wayne Avenue, Suite 1000 Silver Spring, MD 20910-5603 USA Telephone: (301) 608-2400 Fax: (301) 608-2401 E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.bread.org All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without permission from the publisher except for brief passages quoted in a review. Printer: HBP,Hagerstown, MD Cover Photo: The World Bank Manufactured in the United States of America First edition published January 2000 ISBN 1-884361-08-0 ii A Program to End Hunger Table of Contents v Acknowledgments 1 Foreword David Beckmann 2 Introduction Richard A. Hoehn 5A World Without Hunger – Anna and Sarah Deitz 6A Fair Share:Working to End Hunger 10 Who is My Neighbor? – Angel Mortel 12 Chapter 1 – World Hunger Can Be Ended James V. Riker and Elena McCollim 16 The Politics of Food Security in Kosovo – Don Walter 20 The Critical Role of U.S. Leadership – Rep. Tony Hall 32 Chapter 2 – Ending Hunger in the United States James V. Riker and Elena McCollim 34 The Cost of Ending Hunger – John T.Cook 42 The Scandal of Hunger in Washington, DC 44 Asset Development Strategies that Empower People – Ray Boshara 48 The Politics of Welfare Reform – Stephanie Niedringhaus 50 Speaking Truth to Reform – Jim Hanna 52 From Farm to Table – Reconnecting Our Food Systems – Rachel Rudy 56 Chapter 3 – What Developed Countries and International Agencies Can Do Elena McCollim and James V.Riker 59 Jubilee Vision: The Power of a Movement – Lynnise Phillips and Sara Grusky 64 International Agencies Fight Hunger – Elena McCollim and James V.Riker 67 Participation for Sustainability in Rural Ghana – IFAD 72 Developing Country Perspectives on Trade Negotiating – Eugenio Díaz-Bonilla 77 Africa: Seeds of Hope Act – Revitalizing Agriculture – James V.Riker and Ray Almeida 78 Chapter 4 – What Developing Countries Can Do James V. Riker and Elena McCollim 86 A Regional Network for Sustainable Food Security in Africa – Jean B.Bakole HUNGER 2000 iii 88 Chapter 5 – Transforming the Politics of Hunger David Beckmann 89 Internet Organizing – David Beckmann 92 Corporations Fighting Hunger – Don Walter and David Beckmann 96 Achieving a Victory Over Hunger – J. Larry Brown 100 Law as Catalyst in the Eradication of Hunger – John Teton 102 Chapter 6 – What You Can Do Michael Rubinstein 110 Appendices 110 The Costs of Ending U.S. Hunger: A Technical Note John T. Cook 114 Hunger Tables 114 Table 1: Global Hunger – Life and Death Indicators 118 Table 2: Global Food,Nutrition and Education 122 Table 3: Hunger, Malnutrition and Poverty 126 Table 4: Economic and Development Indicators 130 Table 5: Economic Globalization 134 Table 6: United States – National Hunger and Poverty Trends 136 Table 7: United States – State Hunger and Poverty Trends 137 Table 8: United States – Nutrition and Assistance Programs 140 Sources for Tables 141 Abbreviations 142 Glossary 145 Endnotes 151 Sponsors and Co-Sponsors iv A Program to End Hunger Acknowledgments We are deeply g r atef ul for the valuable insights pro- Maryland; Donald Rogers, Catholic Relief Services; vided by sponsors,cosponsors and colleagues at Mark Rosegrant, IFPRI; Dorie Seavey,Center on two consultations related to this report and in Hunger and Poverty, Tufts University; Thomas response to drafts. Those who provided comments Shortley,World Food Programme; (former) include: Teresa Amott, Bucknell University; Senator Paul Simon,University of Illinois- Christopher Barrett,Cornell University; Carbondale; Lisa Smith,IFPRI; Jean Stokan, Gezahegne Bekele, General Accounting Office; Kay SHARE Foundation; J. Dirck Stryker,Associates Bengston,ELCA; Rebecca Blank,White House for International Resources and Development; Council on Economic Advisors;Jim Bowman, Ya s s i n We h e l i e , FAO; Jim Weill, Food Research and Lutheran World Relief; Lynn Brantley,Capital Area Advocacy Center;Vera Weill-Hallé, IFAD; Dennis Community Food Bank; J.Larry Brown,Center on Wel ler, USAID; Bruce White, National Council for Hunger and Poverty, Tufts University; Lynn Brown, Agricultural Education; Maurice Williams, World Bank; Heather Bul lo ck,Aide to Senator Ted Overseas Development Council; Lisa Wright, Kennedy; Frederick Buttel, University of Church World Service; Pat Young,World Food Day; Wisconsin-Madison; Robert Cassani, International Elizabeth Yu, Mennonite Central Committee; Fund for Agricultural Development; Edward Margaret Ziegler, Congressional Hunger Center. Chesky,Economic Consultant; Marc J.Cohen, International Food Policy Research Institute; John We appreciate the assistance of the following T. Cook, Boston University School of Medicine; Jim people and institutions in obtaining data: DeVries,Heifer Project International; Deborah Robert Cassani, IFAD;Lisa Greenwood,USDA; DeYoung,Aide to Congressman Tony Hall; Peter Loganaden Naiken, FAO; Robert G. Patterson, FAO; Eisinger,Wayne State University;Andy Fisher, Mark Rosegrant, IFPRI. Community Food Security Coalition; Rafael Flores, UN/ACC/Sub-Committee on Nutrition and The following Bread for the World members and IFPRI; Rueben Gist, Capital Area Community Bread for the World/Bread for the World Institute Food Bank; Robert Greenstein, Center on Budget board members and staff provided comments and and Policy Priorities; Lawrence Haddad, IFPRI; assistance: Patricia Ayres, Marie Bledsoe, Robert Douglas Hicks,University of Richmond; Mary Ann Cahill, Kay Dowhower, Tim Ek, Kay Furlani, Janet Keeffe, USDA; Susan Lambert, IFAD;Ann Lui, Save Green, Rebekah Jordan, Marilyn Marks, David the Children; Bahman Mansuri, IFAD; John Miner, Carlos Navarro, Sister Jane Remson, Mason, Tulane University; Peter Matlon, United Barbara Rockow,Felipe C.Salinas,Arthur Simon, Nations Development Programme; Bruno J. William Stanton,Paul B.Thompson,Michelle Mauprivez, International Monetary Fund; Nora To oley, B ett y Voskui l l, William Simpson Whitaker, McKeon, Food and Agriculture Organization; Father Clarence Williams; Ray Almeida, Kimberly Martin McLaughlin,Center of Concern; Joseph Burge, Mai Bull, Niloufer De Silva,Lynette Mettimano, UNICEF; Derek Miller,RESULTS; Engelhardt-Stott, Sara Grusky,Donna Hodge, Kimberly Miller,Aide to Congressman Tony Hall; Barbara Howell,Diane Hunt,Andrea Jeyaveeran, Dan Misleh, United States Catholic Conference; Michael Kuchinsky, Margaret Cohen Lipton, Karin Bruce Moore, The Popular Coalition to Eradicate Lyttkens-Blake, Henri Maingi, Kristy Manuliak, Hunger and Poverty; Doug O’Brien, Second Jim McDonald, Shohreh Peterson, Susan K. Park, Harvest; Walter Owensby,Presbyterian Church Beverly Phillips,Lynnise Phillips, Kathy Pomroy, USA; Rajul Pandya-Lorch, IFPRI; Robert Michael Rubinstein, Katherine Simmons, Carole Patterson, FAO; Per Pinstrup-Andersen, IFPRI; Southam,David Suley,Kim Wade,Don Walter, Don Janet Poppendieck, Hunter College, CUNY; Kim Williams, Lynora Williams, Dolly Youssef. Posich,RESULTS; Don Reeves,Consultant; Curt Reintsma, USAID;William Rivera,University of Rachel Rudy prepared the statistical tables. HUNGER 2000 v Themes of Annual Reports on the State of World Hunger Bread for the World Institute Hunger 1990: A Report on the State of World Hunger Hunger 1992: Ideas that Work Hunger 1993: Uprooted People Hunger 1994: Transforming the Politics of Hunger Hunger 1995: Causes of Hunger Hunger 1996: Countries in Crisis Hunger 1997: What Governments Can Do Hunger 1998: Hunger in a Global Economy Hunger 1999: The Changing Politics of Hunger vi A Program to End Hunger Foreword he message of A Program to End Hunger feels to me like a word from God.When the prophet Isaiah received a word from God,it felt like a Tcoal in his mouth – a burning word that must be spoken. This report affirms that we could end the kind of widespread hunger we now take for granted. There are fewer hungry people in the developing countries now than 25 years ago, and this progress could be accelerated. The United States is the only industrial country that still puts up with widespread hunger within its borders. The cost of assuring that virtually everyone in the United States has enough to eat is affordable. The cost to the United States of helping to end the severe hunger and deprivation that afflicts hundreds of millions of people in developing countries would be shockingly small. Hunger causes great suffering and loss – weakened babies who die from measles or diarrhea, school children whose minds and bodies will never reach their full potential, men and women who lack energy and drive. Widespread hunger hurts everyone by breeding disease, sapping the strength and creativity of workers, and spawning violence. Hunger, poverty,racism, addiction, violence, environmental stress and many other social problems are knotted together.Each problem makes the others worse. But hunger is one that we can actually solve – one string that can be pulled out of the knot! Churches, charities, businesses, state and local government, the govern- ments of other nations, and hungry people themselves all have roles to play in ending hunger. But we need to get our government to do its part.Churches and charities cannot do it all. The U.S. government has a leadership role to play in ending
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