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(National Emission Reduction Plan – NERP) Za Bosnu I Hercegovinu

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(National Emission Reduction Plan – NERP) Za Bosnu I Hercegovinu Nacrt Nacionalnog plana smanjenja emisija (National Emission Reduction Plan – NERP) za Bosnu i Hercegovinu November, 2015 1 SADRŽAJ Lista tabela ............................................................................................................................................. 3 Rječnik kratica i akronima ............................................................................................................................ 4 Sažetak ............................................................................................................................................. 5 1. Uvod ............................................................................................................................................. 7 2. Trenutno stanje emisija zagađujućih materija iz VPS u BiH .............................................................. 10 3. Spisak velikih postrojenja za sagorijevanje obuhvaćenih NPSE u BiH .............................................. 14 Pravila agregacije ................................................................................................................................ 14 Određivanje gornje granice emisija (plafoni emisija) ......................................................................... 14 Određivanje pojedinačnog udjela VPS u gornjoj granici ukupnih emisija ......................................... 15 4. Ukupni plafoni emisija iz velikih postrojenja za sagorijevanje u BiH ................................................ 17 5. Mjere za ispunjavanje ciljeva .............................................................................................................. 24 Prilog A ........................................................................................................................................... 26 Prilog B ........................................................................................................................................... 28 2 Lista tabela Tabela 1. Lista velikih postrojenja za sagorijevanje ........................................................................ 7 Tabela 2. Detaljne informacije o velikim postrojenjima za sagorijevanje ..................................... 8 Tabela 3. Ulazna energija i emisije u zrak (2014) ............................................................................. 9 Tabela 4. Emisije zagađujućih materija iz postojećih VPS u BiH (2014) ..................................... 12 Tabela 5. Toplotna snaga i koncentracija zagađujućih materija u VPS ....................................... 13 Tabela 6. Velika postrojenja za sagorijevanje obuhvaćena u NPSE ............................................. 14 Tabela 7. Granične vrijednosti emisija SO2 u periodu od 2018. – 2027. ....................................... 18 Tabela 8. Granične vrijednosti emisija NOx u periodu od 2018. – 2027. ...................................... 19 Tabela 9. Granične vrijednosti emisija čvrstih čestica u periodu od 2018. – 2027. ..................... 20 Tabela 10. Plafoni emisija SO2 (t/godišnje 2018. – 2027.) ................................................................ 21 Tabela 11. Plafon emisija NOx (t/godišnje 2018. – 2027.) ................................................................. 22 Tabela 12. Plafon emisija čvrstih čestica (t/godišnje 2018. – 2027.) ................................................ 23 Tabela 13. Mjere za smanjenje SO2 emisija u velikim postrojenjima za sagorijevanje u BiH ..... 24 Tabela 14. Mjere za smanjenje emisija NOx u velikim postrojenjima za sagorijevanje u BiH .... 25 Tabela 15. Mjere za smanjenje emisija čvrstih čestica u VPS u BiH .............................................. 25 Tabela 16. A.1 Lista velikih postrojenja za sagorijevanje uključenih u NPSE za BiH ................ 26 Tabela 17. B.1 Izračunati plafoni emisija za 2018. .......................................................................... 28 Tabela 18. B.2 Izračunati plafoni emisija za 2023 ........................................................................... 29 Tabela 19. B.3 Izračunati plafoni emisija za 2026. i 2027. .............................................................. 30 Tabela 20. B.4 Pregled plafona emisija za BiH od 2018. do 2027. (tona/god.) .............................. 31 3 Rječnik kratica i akronima BIE Blok industrijske elektrane BiH Bosna i Hercegovina BTE Blok termoelektrane DeNOx Postupak denitrifikacije DeSOx Odsumporavanje DIE Direktiva o industrijskim emisijama (engleski – Industrial Emissions Directive) DVPS Direktiva o velikim postrojenjima za sagorijevanje (engleski - Large Combustion Plant Directive) EST Elektrostatički taložnici (engleski -Electrostatic precipitators - ESP) FBiH Federacija Bosne i Hercegovine GNENOx Gorionik s niskom emisijom azotnih oksida (engleski –Low Nox Burner – LNB) GVE Granična vrijednost emisije (engleski-Emission Limit Values – ELV) IE Industrijska elektrana IK Industrijska kogeneracija MSO Minimalna stopa odsumporavanja NOx Azotni oksidi NPSE Nacionalni plan smanjenja emisija (engleski -National Emission Reduction Plan – NERP) ODG Odsumporavanje dimnih gasova (engleski -Flue Gas Desulfurization - FGD) PS Polusuho (engleski -semi-dry – SD) RS Republika Srpska SKR Selektivna katalička redukcija (engleski -Selective Catalytic Reduction) SNKR Selektivna nekatalička redukcija (engleski Selective Non Catalytic Reduction) SO2 Sumpor-dioksid TE Termoelektrana (engleski -Thermal Power Plant - TE) TRO Troškovi rada i održavanja (eng. Operation and Maintenance Costs – O&MC) UHK Ubrizgavanje hidratisanog kreča (engleski - Hydrated Lime Injection) VF Vrećasti filter (engleski – Bag filter) Vlažno ODG Vlažni postupak ODG sa krečnjakom (engleski – Wet Limestone - WLS) VPS Veliko postrojenje za sagorijevanje (engleski -Large Combustion Plant - LCP) ZSV Zagrijani sekundarni vazduh (engleski -Over Fire Air) 4 Sažetak Nacionalni plan smanjenja emisija (NPSE) za Bosnu i Hercegovinu (BiH) je pripremljen prema Smjernicama politike Sekretarijata Energetske zajednice za izradu Nacionalnog plana smanjenja emisija (Policy Guidelines on the preparation of National Emission Reduction Plans), objavljen 19. decembra 2014.1 NPSE se odnosi na smanjenje emisija sumpor-dioksida (SO2), azotnih oksida (NOx) i čvrstih čestica iz velikih postrojenja za sagorijevanje (VPS) u Bosni i Hercegovini (BiH), predstavljene po entitetima: Federacija Bosne i Hercegovine (FBIH) i Republika Srpska (RS). Uzimajući u obzir zahtjeve propisane Ugovorom o osnivanju Energetske zajednice, kao i prilagođene zahtjeve Direktive 2001/80/EC ograničenju emisija određenih zagađujućih materija u zrak iz velikih postrojenja za sagorijevanje (DVPS) i Direktive 2010/75/EU o industrijskim emisijama (DIE) i analizom podataka dobivenih od operatora termoelektrana i industrijskih kogenerativnih postrojenja, u BiH postoje četiri termoelektrane, sa devet blokova i jedna industrijska kogenerativna elektrana sa tri velika postrojenja za sagorijevanje sa toplotnom snagom ložišta većom 50 MWth, koje moraju ispuniti zahtjeve LCPD i IED Direktiva za smanjenje emisija zagađujućih materija. Za Ugovorne strane predmet Direktiva su samo velika postrojenja za sagorijevanje koja se koriste za proizvodnju električne energije koja se, makar djelomično, isporučuje u mrežu. Velika postrojenja za sagorijevanje (VPS) koja proizvode električnu energiju koja se ne isporučuje u mrežu, nisu predmet ovih Direktiva. Nijedan od operatora VPS nije odabrao opciju usklađivanja sa graničnim vrijednostima emisija (GVE) (Član 4(3)(a) DVPS); za 10 VPS operator je odabrao da budu uključeni u NPSE (Član 4(3)(b) i Član 4(6) DVPS); a za 2 VPS operator je odabrao opciju ograničenog operativnog vijeka postrojenja za sagorijevanje (Član 4(4) DVPS). Ulazna toplotna snaga ložišta VPS varira od 84 MW do 800 MW, a ukupno iznosi 5.339 MW. Sva VPS koriste mrki ugalj i/ili lignit kao gorivo, osim jednog industrijskog kogenerativnog postrojenja u firmi Natron-Hayat koje koristi crni lug kao gorivo. 1 https://www.energy- community.org/portal/page/portal/ENC_HOME/DOCS/3546146/EnC_NERP_guidance_FINAL_jko_signature_mer ged.pdf 5 Ukupna emisija svih VPS u BiH u 2014. godini iznosi oko 273.577 tona SO2, oko 20.511 tona NOx i oko 6.616 tona čvrstih čestica. Krajnji cilj ovog NPSE je da se do 1.1.2028. smanje godišnje emisije VPS uključenih u NPSE na 14.243 tona sumpor dioksida (SO2), 7.746 tona azotnih oksida (NOx) i 780 tona čvrstih čestica. U toku izrade plana i njegovog predstavljanja javnosti, predstavnici Elektroprivrede RS (ERS) su iznijeli stav da troškovi finansiranja ovog Plana predstavljaju opterećenje za TE Ugljevik i u manjoj mjeri za TE Gacko te da će uticati na povećanje ukupnih proizvodnih troškova, prije svega TE Ugljevik, i na taj način ugroziti buduću tržišnu poziciju elektrane. Zbog ovoga predstavnici ERS-e su iznijeli apel prema nadležnim institucijama da pomognu u iznalaženju načina za finansiranje Plana. Smatra se da je prilikom iznalaženja rješenja za finansiranje moguće primjeniti neka rješenja iz međunarodne prakse. U toku izrade plana, kao i njegovog predstavljanja javnosti, predstavnici Elektroprivrede BiH (EPBiH) su iznijeli stav da će troškovi finansiranja ovog Plana predstavljati veliko opterećenje za EPBiH, utičući na povećanje ukupnih proizvodnih troškova u TE Tuzla i TE Kakanj, čime će biti ugrožena tržišna pozicija kompanije. Sa druge strane, biće dodatno ugrožena finansijska održivost kompanije, pri ovako niskim cijenama električne energije za domaćinstva. Zbog ovoga su predstavnici EPBiH iznijeli apel prema regulatornim tijelima,
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