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2.3. Clarkson Plc ΠΑΝΕΠΙΣΤΗΜΙΟ ΠΕΙΡΑΙΩΣ ΣΧΟΛΗ ΝΑΥΤΙΛΙΑΣ ΚΑΙ ΒΙΟΜΗΧΑΝΙΑΣ ΤΜΗΜΑ ΒΙΟΜΗΧΑΝΙΚΗΣ ΔΙΟΙΚΗΣΗ ΚΑΙ ΤΕΧΝΟΛΟΓΙΑΣ ΠΡΟΓΡΑΜΜΑ ΜΕΤΑΠΤΥΧΙΑΚΩΝ ΣΠΟΥΔΩΝ στη «ΒΙΟΜΗΧΑΝΙΚΗ ΔΙΟΙΚΗΣΗ ΚΑΙ ΤΕΧΝΟΛΟΓΙΑ» με ΚΑΤΕΥΘΥΝΣΗ στη «ΔΙΑΧΕΙΡΙΣΗ ΕΝΕΡΓΕΙΑΣ ΚΑΙ ΠΕΡΙΒΑΛΛΟΝΤΟΣ» "Κουλτούρα και Πολιτικές Ασφάλειας στις Ελληνικές Ναυτιλιακές Επιχειρήσεις" Έλλη Π. Δρίτσα Διπλωματική Εργασία που υποβλήθηκε στο Τμήμα Βιομηχανικής Διοίκησης και Τεχνολογίας, του Πανεπιστημίου Πειραιώς, ως μέρος των απαιτήσεων για την απόκτηση του Μεταπτυχιακού Διπλώματος με Ειδίκευση στη «Διαχείριση Ενέργειας και Περιβάλλοντος» Πειραιάς, Νοέμβριος 2016 ΔΗΛΩΣΗ ΑΥΘΕΝΤΙΚΟΤΗΤΑΣ/ COPYRIGHT Το άτομο, το οποίο εκπονεί την Διπλωματική Εργασία φέρει ολόκληρη την ευθύνη προσδιορισμού της δίκαιης χρήσης του υλικού, η οποία ορίζεται στην βάση των εξής παραγόντων: του σκοπού και χαρακτήρα της χρήσης (εμπορικός, μη κερδοσκοπικός ή εκπαιδευτικός), τη φύσης του υλικού, που χρησιμοποιεί (τμήμα του κειμένου, πίνακες, σχήματα, εικόνες ή χάρτες), του ποσοστού και της σημαντικότητας του τμήματος, που χρησιμοποιεί σε σχέση με το όλο κείμενο υπό copyright, και των πιθανών συνεπειών της χρήσης αυτής στην αγορά ή στη γενικότερη αξία του υπό copyright κειμένου». Η υπογράφουσα Έλλη Π. Δρίτσα ΕΥΧΑΡΙΣΤΙΕΣ Στο πλαίσιο της εκπόνησης της Μεταπτυχιακής Διπλωματικής Εργασίας μου θα ήθελα να ευχαριστώ θερμά το σύνολο των ανθρώπων που με στήριξαν στο πόνημά μου, πρακτικά και ηθικά. Αρχικά, τον Επίκουρο Καθηγητή κύριο Γιαννατσή Ιωάννη για το επιστημονικό υλικό και τις ευγενικές οδηγίες-προτροπές του καθόλη τη διάρκεια της συγγραφής. Τα στελέχη των ναυτιλιακών επιχειρήσεων για το πολύτιμο υλικό τους και ιδιαίτερα τον φίλτατο καπετάν Στέλιο, για τις εξηγήσεις του μέσω εύστοχων παραδειγμάτων και το αμείωτο ενδιαφέρον του, καθώς και το θείο μου Χρήστο για την εξήγηση διαφόρων τεχνικών ναυτιλιακών ζητημάτων. Επιπλέον, τους φίλους μου που με υπομονή και ενδιαφέρον με στήριξαν, καθόλη τη διάρκεια της συγγραφής. Ιδιαίτερα, τους Μαρία, Δημήτρη, Κωνσταντίνα, Γεωργία, Γιώτα, Σπύρο, Dimi και τα ΜΙ.ΠΙ.ΤΣ., για την πρακτική και ηθική συνεισφορά τους, στην παρούσα Μεταπτυχιακή Διπλωματική. Ακόμη, ευχαριστώ την οικογένεια μου που με στηρίζει με θάρρος και πίστη για όσα θέλω να πράξω, ιδιαίτερα τους γονείς μου Σταυρούλα και Παναγιώτη, τα αδέλφια μου Ματίνα και Ήλια, τη νονά μου Βιβή και τη θεία μου Βασιλική. Τέλος, ιδιαίτερα θα ήθελα να ευχαριστήσω τη μητέρα μου για την θετική και χαμογελαστή στήριξή της, καθώς και τον Κώστα για την αμέριστη συμπαράστασή και υπομονή του, η συμβολή τους ήταν καθοριστικής σημασίας. Άνευ αιτίας ουδέν εστί Αριστοτέλης Αφιερώνεται σε εκείνους που : με δημιούργησαν και με μεγάλωσαν, με συντροφεύουν και με στηρίζουν, με δίδαξαν και με διδάσκουν Περιεχόμενα Περίληψη 1. Εισαγωγή .............................................................................................................................. 1 2. Το Περιβάλλον της Ναυτιλίας .............................................................................................. 4 2.1. Διεθνείς Κυβερνητικοί Οργανισμοί που Διαδραματίζουν Σημαντικό Ρόλο στη Σύγχρονη Ναυτιλία Δημόσιοι Φορείς / Οργανισμοί ............................................................. 4 2.1.1. I.L.O. ........................................................................................................................ 4 2.1.2. Ευρωπαική Ένωση/ Ε.Ε. .......................................................................................... 5 2.1.3. UNCTAD .................................................................................................................. 5 2.1.4. O.E.C.D. ................................................................................................................... 6 2.1.5. W.M.O. ................................................................................................................... 6 2.1.6. G.A.T.T. / W.T.O. ..................................................................................................... 7 2.1.7. C.S.G. ....................................................................................................................... 8 2.1.8. F.A.O. ...................................................................................................................... 8 2.1.9. E.M.S.A. ................................................................................................................... 9 2.2. Διεθνείς Ιδιωτικοί Οργανισμοί που Διαδραματίζουν Σημαντικό Ρόλο στη Σύγχρονη Ναυτιλία .............................................................................................................................. 10 2.2.1. BIMCO ................................................................................................................... 10 2.2.2. Baltic Exchange ..................................................................................................... 11 2.2.3. CLARKSON PLC ...................................................................................................... 11 2.2.4. P&I Clubs ............................................................................................................... 12 2.2.5. I.B.M. .................................................................................................................... 12 2.2.6. INTERCARGO ......................................................................................................... 13 2.2.7. INTERTANKO ......................................................................................................... 13 2.2.8. I.A.C.S. ................................................................................................................... 14 2.2.9. I.C.S. ...................................................................................................................... 15 2.2.10. C.E.N.S.A. ............................................................................................................ 15 2.2.11. F.O.N.A.S.B.A ...................................................................................................... 16 2.2.12. E.C.S.A. ................................................................................................................ 16 2.2.13. ASCAME .............................................................................................................. 17 2.2.14. I.C.C. ................................................................................................................... 17 2.2.15. I.S.F ..................................................................................................................... 17 2.2.16. I.M.I.F. ................................................................................................................. 18 2.2.17. O.C.I.M.F. ............................................................................................................ 18 2.3. I.M.O. : Οι Τέσσερις Πυλώνες του και οι Υποχρεωτικοί Κανονισμοί-Κώδικες............ 19 2.3.1. I.M.O. .................................................................................................................... 20 2.3.1.1. S.O.L.A.S. ............................................................................................................ 21 2.3.1.1.1. ISM CODE ........................................................................................................ 23 2.3.1.1.1.1. Στόχοι Κώδικα I.S.M. ................................................................................... 24 2.3.1.1.2. I.S.P.S. CODE ................................................................................................ 25 2.3.1.2. MARPOL .............................................................................................................. 27 2.3.1.3. S.T.C.W. .............................................................................................................. 29 2.3.1.4. MLC 2006 ........................................................................................................... 31 2.4. Τύποι Πλοίων και Φορτίων ......................................................................................... 32 3. Ναυτικά Ατυχήματα και η Νομοθεσία που Δημιούργησαν ή Τροποποίησαν .................. 37 3.1. Ορισμός ναυτικού ατυχήματος ................................................................................... 37 3.2. Αιτίες ναυτικών συμβάντων ........................................................................................ 38 3.3. Ναυτικά ατυχήματα .................................................................................................... 39 3.3.1. Τιτανικός – 1912 / επιβατηγό - Βόρειος Ατλαντικός ............................................ 40 3.3.2. SS Torrey Canyon – 1967 / Δεξαμενόπλοιο - Αγγλία ........................................... 41 3.3.3. Argo Merchant – 1976 / δεξαμενόπλοιο – Η.Π.Α. ............................................... 42 3.3.4. Amoco Cadiz – 1978/ δεξαμενόπλοιο - Βρετάνη (Γαλλία) ................................... 44 3.3.5. Exxon Valdez – 1989/ δεξαμενόπλοιο - Αλάσκα .................................................. 46 3.3.6. Erika – 1999 / Tanker – Βισκαϊκός Κόλπος/ Βρετάνη (Γαλλία) ............................. 48 3.3.7. Prestige – 2002 / δεξαμενόπλοιο – Γαλικία / Ισπανία/ Γαλλία ........................... 50 3.3.8. Costa Concordia – 2012 / Επιβατηγό - Ιταλία ...................................................... 52 4. Ναυτιλιακή Επιχείρηση : πυλώνες ασφαλείας, Based Behavior Safety, Κουλτούρα Ασφάλειας. .............................................................................................................................. 55 4.1. Οι βασικοί πυλώνες της Ασφάλειας
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