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ACRP Synthesis 9 – Effects of Aircraft Noise

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ACRP Synthesis 9 – Effects of Aircraft Noise AIRPORT COOPERATIVE RESEARCH ACRP PROGRAM SYNTHESIS 9 Effects of Aircraft Noise: Research Update on Selected Topics A Synthesis of Airport Practice ACRP OVERSIGHT COMMITTEE* TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD 2008 EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE* CHAIR OFFICERS JAMES WILDING Chair: Debra L. Miller, Secretary, Kansas DOT, Topeka Independent Consultant Vice Chair: Adib K. Kanafani, Cahill Professor of Civil Engineering, University of California, Berkeley VICE CHAIR Executive Director: Robert E. Skinner, Jr., Transportation Research Board JEFF HAMIEL MEMBERS Minneapolis–St. Paul Metropolitan Airports Commission J. BARRY BARKER, Executive Director, Transit Authority of River City, Louisville, KY ALLEN D. BIEHLER, Secretary, Pennsylvania DOT, Harrisburg MEMBERS JOHN D. BOWE, President, Americas Region, APL Limited, Oakland, CA LARRY L. BROWN, SR., Executive Director, Mississippi DOT, Jackson JAMES CRITES DEBORAH H. BUTLER, Executive Vice President, Planning, and CIO, Norfolk Southern Dallas–Ft. Worth International Airport Corporation, Norfolk, VA RICHARD DE NEUFVILLE WILLIAM A.V. CLARK, Professor, Department of Geography, University of California, Los Angeles Massachusetts Institute of Technology DAVID S. EKERN, Commissioner, Virginia DOT, Richmond KEVIN C. DOLLIOLE NICHOLAS J. GARBER, Henry L. Kinnier Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, UCG Associates University of Virginia, Charlottesville JOHN K. DUVAL JEFFREY W. HAMIEL, Executive Director, Metropolitan Airports Commission, Minneapolis, MN Beverly Municipal Airport EDWARD A. (NED) HELME, President, Center for Clean Air Policy, Washington, DC STEVE GROSSMAN WILL KEMPTON, Director, California DOT, Sacramento Oakland International Airport SUSAN MARTINOVICH, Director, Nevada DOT, Carson City TOM JENSEN MICHAEL D. MEYER, Professor, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia National Safe Skies Alliance Institute of Technology, Atlanta CATHERINE M. LANG MICHAEL R. MORRIS, Director of Transportation, North Central Texas Council of Governments, Federal Aviation Administration Arlington GINA MARIE LINDSEY NEIL J. PEDERSEN, Administrator, Maryland State Highway Administration, Baltimore Los Angeles World Airports PETE K. RAHN, Director, Missouri DOT, Jefferson City CAROLYN MOTZ SANDRA ROSENBLOOM, Professor of Planning, University of Arizona, Tucson Hagerstown Regional Airport TRACY L. ROSSER, Vice President, Corporate Traffic, Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., Bentonville, AR RICHARD TUCKER ROSA CLAUSELL ROUNTREE, Executive Director, Georgia State Road and Tollway Authority, Huntsville International Airport Atlanta HENRY G. (GERRY) SCHWARTZ, JR., Chairman (retired), Jacobs/Sverdrup Civil, Inc., EX OFFICIO MEMBERS St. Louis, MO SABRINA JOHNSON C. MICHAEL WALTON, Ernest H. Cockrell Centennial Chair in Engineering, University of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Texas, Austin RICHARD MARCHI LINDA S. WATSON, CEO, LYNX–Central Florida Regional Transportation Authority, Orlando Airports Council International— STEVE WILLIAMS, Chairman and CEO, Maverick Transportation, Inc., Little Rock, AR North America LAURA McKEE EX OFFICIO MEMBERS Air Transport Association of America THAD ALLEN (Adm., U.S. Coast Guard), Commandant, U.S. Coast Guard, Washington, DC HENRY OGRODZINSKI JOSEPH H. BOARDMAN, Federal Railroad Administrator, U.S.DOT National Association of State Aviation REBECCA M. BREWSTER, President and COO, American Transportation Research Institute, Officials Smyrna, GA MELISSA SABATINE PAUL R. BRUBAKER, Research and Innovative Technology Administrator, U.S.DOT American Association of Airport GEORGE BUGLIARELLO, Chancellor, Polytechnic University of New York, Brooklyn, and Foreign Executives Secretary, National Academy of Engineering, Washington, DC ROBERT E. SKINNER, JR. SEAN T. CONNAUGHTON, Maritime Administrator, U.S.DOT Transportation Research Board LEROY GISHI, Chief, Division of Transportation, Bureau of Indian Affairs, U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, DC SECRETARY EDWARD R. HAMBERGER, President and CEO, Association of American Railroads, Washington, DC CHRISTOPHER W. JENKS JOHN H. HILL, Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administrator, U.S.DOT Transportation Research Board JOHN C. HORSLEY, Executive Director, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, DC CARL T. JOHNSON, Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administrator, U.S.DOT J. EDWARD JOHNSON, Director, Applied Science Directorate, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, John C. Stennis Space Center, MS WILLIAM W. MILLAR, President, American Public Transportation Association, Washington, DC NICOLE R. NASON, National Highway Traffic Safety Administrator, U.S.DOT JAMES RAY, Acting Administrator, Federal Highway Administration, U.S.DOT JAMES S. SIMPSON, Federal Transit Administrator, U.S.DOT ROBERT A. STURGELL, Acting Administrator, Federal Aviation Administration, U.S.DOT ROBERT L. VAN ANTWERP (Lt. Gen., U.S. Army), Chief of Engineers and Commanding General, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Washington, DC *Membership as of June 2008. *Membership as of May 2008. AIRPORT COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAM ACRP SYNTHESIS 9 Effects of Aircraft Noise: Research Update on Selected Topics A Synthesis of Airport Practice CONSULTANT VINCENT MESTRE Mestre Greve Associates Laguna Niguel, California SUBJECT AREAS Aviation Research Sponsored by the Federal Aviation Administration TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD WASHINGTON, D.C. 2008 www.TRB.org AIRPORT COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAM ACRP SYNTHESIS 9 Airports are vital national resources. They serve a key role in Project 11-03, Topic S02-01 transportation of people and goods and in regional, national, and ISSN 1935-9187 international commerce. They are where the nation’s aviation sys- ISBN 978-0-309-09806-9 tem connects with other modes of transportation and where federal Library of Congress Control Number 2008925355 responsibility for managing and regulating air traffic operations intersects with the role of state and local governments that own and © 2008 Transportation Research Board operate most airports. Research is necessary to solve common oper- ating problems, to adapt appropriate new technologies from other industries, and to introduce innovations into the airport industry. COPYRIGHT PERMISSION The Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) serves as one Authors herein are responsible for the authenticity of their materials and for of the principal means by which the airport industry can develop obtaining written permissions from publishers or persons who own the innovative near-term solutions to meet demands placed on it. copyright to any previously published or copyrighted material used herein. The need for ACRP was identified in TRB Special Report 272: Cooperative Research Programs (CRP) grants permission to reproduce Airport Research Needs: Cooperative Solutions in 2003, based on material in this publication for classroom and not-for-profit purposes. a study sponsored by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). Permission is given with the understanding that none of the material will The ACRP carries out applied research on problems that are shared be used to imply TRB or FAA endorsement of a particular product, method, by airport operating agencies and are not being adequately or practice. It is expected that those reproducing the material in this addressed by existing federal research programs. It is modeled after document for educational and not-for-profit uses will give appropriate the successful National Cooperative Highway Research Program acknowledgment of the source of any reprinted or reproduced material. For and Transit Cooperative Research Program. The ACRP undertakes other uses of the material, request permission from CRP. research and other technical activities in a variety of airport subject areas, including design, construction, maintenance, operations, safety, security, policy, planning, human resources, and adminis- NOTICE tration. The ACRP provides a forum where airport operators can cooperatively address common operational problems. The project that is the subject of this report was a part of the Airport The ACRP was authorized in December 2003 as part of the Cooperative Research Program conducted by the Transportation Research Vision 100-Century of Aviation Reauthorization Act. The primary Board with the approval of the Governing Board of the National Research participants in the ACRP are (1) an independent governing board, Council. Such approval reflects the Governing Board’s judgment that the the ACRP Oversight Committee (AOC), appointed by the Secretary project concerned is appropriate with respect to both the purposes and of the U.S. Department of Transportation with representation from resources of the National Research Council. airport operating agencies, other stakeholders, and relevant indus- The members of the technical advisory panel selected to monitor this try organizations such as the Airports Council International-North project and to review this report were chosen for recognized scholarly America (ACI-NA), the American Association of Airport Execu- competence and with due consideration for the balance of disciplines tives (AAAE), the National Association of State Aviation Officials appropriate to the project. The opinions and conclusions expressed or (NASAO), and the Air Transport Association (ATA) as vital links implied are those of the research agency that performed the research, and to the airport community; (2) the TRB as program manager and sec- while they have been accepted as appropriate by the technical
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