Political Animals: Representing Dogs in Modern Russian Culture Studies in Slavic Literature and Poetics

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Political Animals: Representing Dogs in Modern Russian Culture Studies in Slavic Literature and Poetics Political Animals: Representing Dogs in Modern Russian Culture Studies in Slavic Literature and Poetics Editors O.F. Boele S. Brouwer J.M. Stelleman Founding Editors J.J. van Baak R. Grübel A.G.F. van Holk W.G. Weststeijn VOLUME 59 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/sslp Political Animals: Representing Dogs in Modern Russian Culture By Henrietta Mondry LEIDEN | BOSTON Cover illustration: the monument to Pavlov’s dog in St Petersburg (1935), photographed by Peter Campbell. On the initiative of Pavlov a monument to a dog was installed near the department of Physiology, in the garden of the Institute of experimental medicine, to pay a tribute to the dog’s unselfish service to biological science. Sculptor: Bespalov. Library of Congress Control Number: 2015930710 issn 0169-0175 isbn 978-90-42-03902-5 (paperback) isbn 978-94-01-21184-0 (e-book) Copyright 2015 by Koninklijke Brill nv, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill nv incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Hes & De Graaf, Brill Nijhoff, Brill Rodopi and Hotei Publishing. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill nv provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, ma 01923, usa. Fees are subject to change. This book is printed on acid-free paper. To my son Ary for his love of dogs One is not obliged to love dogs, but it is advisable to ponder over the meaning of some dog stories. – Ilya Ehrenburg People, Years, Life. 1966 Contents Preface: Vladimir Durov’s dog story: A thematic capsule xv Introduction 1 Dog stories 3 How to approach the dog stories in Russian culture 10 Examining dog stories 20 Chapter structure 27 PART ONE: EXPLORING CRUELTY, INJUSTICE, AND THE SHIFTING HIERARCHIES BETWEEN DOGS AND HUMANS Chapter 1. When dogs were more expensive than people 31 The rich man’s dogs and the poor man’s honour: Alexander Pushkin’s ‘Dubrovskii’ 39 Dostoevsky’s sadistic landlords, villainous muzhiks, and animal and serf abuse in The Brothers Karamazov 46 A populist writer on serfdom and the dog breastfeeding plot: Vladimir Korolenko’s ‘On a Cloudy Day’ 53 The phantasmagorical world of dogs, dog killers and serf women in Velimir Khlebnikov’s ‘The Night before the Soviets’ 57 Chapter 2. ‘The Children’s Hour’: Cruelty to dogs 79 The functions of dogs vis-à-vis children in The Brothers Karamazov 81 Choosing the life of abuse: Chekhov’s ‘Kashtanka’ 93 Alexander Kuprin: girl dreams of an elephant, a good boy and a bad boy, and the dog in ‘The White Poodle’ 104 What do the real ‘children’s hour’ dog stories teach us? 112 Chapter 3. Degradation narratives: Dogs and humans in social and moral transformation 117 Degradation or elevation? Transformation into a dog language-reading madman: Nikolai Gogol’s Diary of a Madman 118 The picaresque tradition and social transformation: Petr Furman’s Transformation of a dog 127 viii Contents Animal commune after the October Revolution: Boris Pilnyak’s ‘A Dog’s Life: The Vicissitudes of Destiny’ 135 Times of famine – from socio-economic transformation to dog-eating degradation: A Dog’s Destiny 137 Moral degradation in Soviet times: Dog meat for dogs in the Leningrad siege 144 PART TWO: EXPLORING EMOTIONAL NEEDS: DOGS AND THEIR UNDERDOG PARTNERS Chapter 4. The fate of dogs in partnerships with the marginalised Other 149 Ivan Turgenev’s dogs and the politics of sexual transgression 152 Alexander Kuprin’s racialised dogs and scapegoats in ‘Gambrinus’ 170 White companion dogs and their fair ladies: Zamiatin and Chekhov 180 Chapter 5. Dogs and inmates in prison and Gulags: Writing and re-writing the humanistic canon 189 Ethnographic take on dogs in prison: Dostoevsky’s Notes from the House of the Dead 191 Varlam Shalamov’s prison ‘Bitch Tamara’ 203 A guard’s story: Sergei Dovlatov’s dog eaters 209 PART THREE: DOGS IN THE SERVICE OF THEIR COUNTRY Chapter 6. Dogs and their masters in police and prison service: 1960s-1980s 217 Dogs and socialism with a human face: ‘Mukhtar’ by Izrail’ Metter 219 Dogs and socialism without a human face: Georgii Vladimov’s Faithful Ruslan: the story of a guard dog 230 Prison guard dogs as nobody’s dogs in Sergei Dovlatov’s The Zone: Notes of a Prison Camp Guard 242 Chapter 7. The cult of the border guard dogs 249 Nikita Karatsupa and the cult of the border guard dogs 252 Contents ix High Stalinism of the 1930s and the making of an iconic dog in Dzhulbars 256 On the edge of the border of Stalinism and post-Stalinism: Frontier Post in the Mountains 260 Closing the Decade of Developed Socialism: the 1970s and The Border Guard Dog Alyi 264 From the defence of the Soviets to the defence of Russian borders 270 2010: The centenary of Karatsupa’s birth and the return of the cult of the Russian border guard dog 273 PART FOUR: TRANSITIONS, TRANSFORMATIONS, TRANSGRESSIONS Chapter 8. The hunter’s dog as hunted: White Bim Black Ear as the cult event of the Stagnation Era, 1970s-1980s 281 Cryptic code of canine genealogy: The Bible, Moses, Leo Tolstoy and cynology 284 Nostalgia for the past: the Russian forest, the aristocrat hunter and his dog 291 Animal symbolism of the Other in the 1970s: dogs versus cats 299 The blackness of White Bim and the whiteness of the hunted animals in the Village Prose 302 No hunting dogs: the post-Soviet parody in Peculiarities of the National Hunt 306 Chapter 9. Transformation narratives: physical, metaphysical, scientific 309 Woman-dog physical transfiguration in Fedor Sologub’s ‘The White Dog’ 311 The metaphysics of physical dog-human transformations in A Dog’s Destiny 319 Organ donation: a human liver for a dog? Maiakovskii’s ‘How I became a dog’ 330 Scientific or metaphysical transformation? Surgical experiments in Mikhail Bulgakov’s Heart of a Dog 336 Towards Pavlov’s dogs 352 Postmodern dog-human transformation in the post-Soviet era: Oleg Kulik as Pavlov’s dog in the 1990s 353 x Contents Cosmic dogs in a post-Soviet parody: Victor Pelevin’s Omon Ra 359 Chapter 10. Sleeping with the animal: boundary crossing in life and art (from pre-Revolutionary modernism to post-Soviet postmodernism) 363 From Vasily Rozanov’s future of the Russian family to Kulik’s ‘Family of the Future’ 365 Nina Perebeeva’s human-dog family in Vladimir Tiul’kin’s Not About Dogs 377 Conclusion: Dogs are ‘good to think’ 381 The future dogs of the twenty-second century 385 Bibliography 391 Index 423 Illustrations Taxidermic dog Zapiataika xviii Oprichnik with a dog’s head attached to the saddle 7 Ivan Izhakevich. ‘The Exchange of Serfs for Dogs’, 1926 32 Nikolai Kasatkin. ‘Serf-actress exiled to breastfeed puppies’, 1911 36 The dog that Vladimir Durov thought he had killed, 1929 87 Viktor Borisov-Musatov. ‘Boy with a Dog’, 1895 92 Shooting of a mad dog, from Derkachev’s The Dog, 1883 114 Dog rescuing a child in England, from Derkachev’s The Dog 116 Pavel Fedotov. ‘An Aristocrat’s Breakfast’, 1849 130 When dogs were sold for meat; 1920s photograph 143 Vladimir Tsesler. City sculpture ‘Mu-mu’, Amsterdam 162 Contemporary city sculpture to Mumu in St Petersburg 169 Karatsupa’s search dog Indus, later named Ingus, 1935 255 The dog Dzulbars from the film Dzulbars, 1935 260 Briukhonenko’s experiment; Iskry nauki, 1928 338 Monument to ‘Pavlov’s dog’, St Petersburg, 1934 357 Monument to Laika, Moscow, 2008 359 Rozanov’s illustration of an Ancient Egyptian image 369 A Note on Transliteration In translating Russian, I have used the Library of Congress system, except for personal names commonly used in English, such as ‘Alexander Pushkin’ and ‘Leo Tolstoy’. In bibliographical references, however, I have used the conventional transliteration of personal names. Preface Vladimir Durov’s dog story: A thematic capsule Every Russian knows the name of the famous circus animal trainer Vladimir Durov (1863-1934). Everybody who goes to the circus to watch the clowns and trained animals thinks of Durov; every Russian circus and animal-training show is eager to proclaim its lineage from Durov. Durov’s elevated status is based on his reputation as a friend to all animals and as an operator who used kindness to make them do his bidding. Indeed, Durov is the father of a humane method of animal training. His brand of education using love and patience (Russian and Soviet animal trainers have institutionalised his name as a brand) has produced extraordinary results.1 Durov left a significant body of written material from which his method of training animals has been disseminated. He was the author of an autobiographical book Moi zveri (My Animals, 1929)2 and vari- ous scientific texts.3 The latter are based on his experiments on ani- mals in what he termed ‘zoopsychology’. These experiments were made jointly by Durov and biological scientists and physicians of the time, including the famous psychiatrist Vladimir Bekhterev (1857- 1927).4 The variety of animal species with which Durov worked was very broad, from rats to elephants, but his favourite animals were 1 Leonid Geller, “Brat’ia Durovy kak kul’turnaia mashina”, in Zveri i ikh re- prezentatsii v russkoi kul’ture. Eds Leonid Geller and Anastasiia Vinogradova de la Fortel, St Petersburg: Baltiiskie sezony, 2010, 326-341.
Recommended publications
  • Axis Mundi 2-2008.Pub
    Axis Mundi, časopis štu- Egalitarian Utopias and Conservative Politics Veche as a Societal Ideal within Rodnoverie Movement Kaarina Aitamurto Aleksanteri Institute, Finnish Centre for Russian and Eastern European Studies at the University of Helsinki Rodnoverie is a religion that seeks to revive pre-Christian Slavic spirituality. As the majority of contemporary Pagan religions, Rodnoverie is characterized by the antiauthoritarian spirit and avoidance of dogmatism. Similar vernacular and individualistic ideals can also be seen in the societal views of Rodnoverie. Rodnovers often present the veche, the ancient Slavic popular assembly, to be an ideal model of governance. Nevertheless, the representations of the veche may considerably vary. On the one hand, veche is employed to promote grass-root democracy. On the other hand, the ideal of the veche has also been used by Ronovers who are reflecting democracy highly critically. The aim of this paper is to examine these contradictious Rodnoverie representations of the veche and Rodnoverie societal ideals in general. As a case study of vernacular political visioning, Rodnoverie provides an interesting outlook both on the recent resurrection of Slavophil political tradition in Russia and on the attempts to establish native roots for democratic values. Rodnoverie, contemporary Paganism 2003). In Eastern Europe, however, the most prominent feature of the movement is Rodnoverie is a part of the international nationalism. Some parts of the Rodnoverie religious movement of contemporary Paganisms. movement even have close links with ultra- However, the majority of the believers reject the nationalist, racist and anti-Semitist politics word ‘paganism’ as derogatory.1 Within the (Shnirelman, 1998; Pribylovsky, 1999).
    [Show full text]
  • 2017 Abstracts
    Abstracts for the Annual SECAC Meeting in Columbus, Ohio October 25th-28th, 2017 Conference Chair, Aaron Petten, Columbus College of Art & Design Emma Abercrombie, SCAD Savannah The Millennial and the Millennial Female: Amalia Ulman and ORLAN This paper focuses on Amalia Ulman’s digital performance Excellences and Perfections and places it within the theoretical framework of ORLAN’s surgical performance series The Reincarnation of Saint Orlan. Ulman’s performance occurred over a twenty-one week period on the artist’s Instagram page. She posted a total of 184 photographs over twenty-one weeks. When viewed in their entirety and in relation to one another, the photographs reveal a narrative that can be separated into three distinct episodes in which Ulman performs three different female Instagram archetypes through the use of selfies and common Instagram image tropes. This paper pushes beyond the casual connection that has been suggested, but not explored, by art historians between the two artists and takes the comparison to task. Issues of postmodern identity are explored as they relate to the Internet culture of the 1990s when ORLAN began her surgery series and within the digital landscape of the Web 2.0 age that Ulman works in, where Instagram is the site of her performance and the selfie is a medium of choice. Abercrombie situates Ulman’s “image-body” performance within the critical framework of feminist performance practice, using the postmodern performance of ORLAN as a point of departure. J. Bradley Adams, Berry College Controlled Nature Focused on gardens, Adams’s work takes a range of forms and operates on different scales.
    [Show full text]
  • BRITTANY SPANIEL (Epagneul Breton) 2
    FEDERATION OF CYNOLOGY FOR EUROPE ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ ПО КИНОЛОГИЯ ЗА ЕВР ОПА 05.05.2003/EN FCE-Standard № 7-95 BRITTANY SPANIEL (Epagneul Breton) 2 TRANSLATION: John Miller and Raymond Triquet. ORIGIN: France. DATE OF PUBLICATION OF THE OFFICIAL VALID STANDARD: 25.03.2003. UTILIZATION: Pointing dogs. FCE-CLASSIFICATION : Group 7 Pointing Dogs and Setters. Section 1.2 Continental Pointing Dogs, Spaniel type. With working trial. BRIEF HISTORICAL SUMMARY: Of French origin and more precisely, from the centre of Brittany. At present, in first place numerically among French sporting breeds. Probably one of the oldest of the spaniel type dogs, improved at the beginning of the 20th century by diverse outcrosses and selections. A draft of a breed standard drawn up in Nantes in 1907 was presented and adopted at the first General Assembly held in Loudéac (in former Côtes du Nord department, now Côtes d’Armor), June 7, 1908. This was the first standard of the « Naturally Short-Tailed Brittany Spaniel Club ». GENERAL APPEARANCE: Smallest of the pointing breeds. The Brittany spaniel is a dog with a Continental spaniel-type head (braccoïde in French) and a short or inexistent tail. Built harmoniously on a solid but not weighty frame. The whole is compact and well-knit, without undue heaviness, while staying sufficiently elegant. The dog is vigorous, the look is bright and the expression intelligent. The general aspect is « COBBY » (brachymorphic), full of energy, having conserved in the course of its evolution the short-coupled model sought after and fixed by those having recreated the breed. FCE-St. № 7-95/05.05.2003 3 IMPORTANT PROPORTIONS: • The skull is longer than the muzzle, with a ratio of 3 : 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Companion Animal Intermediate Leader's Page.Indd
    [INTERMEDIATE LEADER’S PAGE] Explore classifi cation of dog breeds Learn important facts about rabbits Expand companion animal vocabulary Develop mathematical skills Increase technology skills W139A Complete a service project Pets are important parts of our lives. However, they require much Gain an awareness about cat communication responsibility on your part as the owner and depend on you to take proper care of them. Some of the new skills that you can learn in Responsibility the 4-H Companion Animal project are listed on the left. Check your favorites and then work with your 4-H leaders and parents to make a 4-H project plan of what you want to do and learn this year. Cats use many of their body parts to communicate with us. The ears, eyes, head, whiskers, tail and paws are used by cats to express themselves. They also use their "voices" to tell us if they are happy or mad. Study the actions below. Circle the happy face or mad face to show how the feline is feeling. The cat is purring. The cat has moved his/her ears forward and up. The whiskers appear to be bristled. The cat’s ears are fl attened back against its head. The cat “chirps.” The cat hisses. The cat’s tail is bushed out. The cat is thumping his/her tail. The cat is kneeding his or her paws. The cat’s eyes are partially closed. The cat rubs his/her head against the leg of your pants. The cat growls. THE UNIVERSITY of TENNESSEE The American Kennel Club (AKC) divides dogs into seven different breed groups.
    [Show full text]
  • The Russian Ritual Year and Folklore Through Tourist Advertising
    THE RUSSIAN RITUAL YEAR AND FOLKLORE THROUGH TOURIST ADVERTISING IRINA SEDAKOVA This article analyzes the ritual year in modern Russia as Članek analizira praznično leto v moderni Rusiji, kot ga reflected in tourism spam letters circulated between 2005 odsevajo turistična oglasna sporočila med letoma 2005 in and 2012. These texts are the main source of data for this 2012. Tovrstna besedila so glavni vir podatkov za to študijo, study because they illustrate major tendencies in govern- saj odsevajo pomembnejše tendence vladnih, komercialnih mental, commercial, and individual attitudes towards in individualnih pogledov na ruske tradicionalne šege in Russian traditional customs and official holidays. They also uradne praznike. Prikazujejo tudi, kako se ohranja in demonstrate how local heritage is being maintained and rekonstruira lokalna dediščina in kako se pojavljajo in reconstructed, and how new myths and customs are appear- razvijajo novi miti in rituali, kot jih zahtevajo potrebe ing and developing to suit the needs of domestic tourism, a domačega turizma. special ethnographic calendrical type. Ključne besede: Rusija, praznično leto, pust, oglaševanje, Keywords: Russia, ritual year, carnival, advertising, tour- turistična antropologija, semiotika. ism anthropology, semiotics. INTRODUCTION This article focuses on the revitalization and re-invention of calendrical ritual celebrations in modern Russian provincial cities as a reciprocal process introduced by local authorities and tourist developers to motivate domestic tourists. This study touches on many sub- disciplines within anthropology, folklore, and linguistics. The topic partly fits into the anthropology of tourism, an academic discipline well established in Europe and the U.S. (core works are published in Smith 1989, Nash 1996, and Nash 2007 et al., but not yet presented in Russian academic investigation and teaching1).
    [Show full text]
  • Episode 2: Bodies in Orbit
    Episode 2: Bodies in Orbit This transcript is based on the second episode of Moonstruck, a podcast about humans in space, produced by Dra!House Media and featuring analysis from the Center for Strategic and International Studies’ Aerospace Security Project. Listen to the full episode on iTunes, Spotify, or on our website. BY Thomas González Roberts // PUBLISHED April 4, 2018 AS A DOCENT at the Smithsonian National Air & Space But before humans could use the bathroom in space, a Museum I get a lot of questions from visitors about the lot of questions needed to be answered. Understanding grittiest details of spaceflight. While part of me wants to how human bodies respond to the environment of outer believe that everyone is looking for a thoughtful Kennedy space took years of research. It was a dark, controversial quote to drive home an analysis of the complicated period in the history of spaceflight. This is Moonstruck, a relationship between nationalism and space travel, some podcast about humans in space. I’m Thomas González people are less interested in my stories and more Roberts. interested in other, equally scholarly topics: In the late 1940s, American scientists began to focus on Kids: I have a question. What if you need to go to the two important challenges of spaceflight: solar radiation bathroom while you're in a spacesuit? Is there a special and weightlessness.1 diaper? Aren't you like still wearing the diaper when you are wearing a spacesuit? Let'sThomas start González with radiation. Roberts is the host and executive producer of Moonstruck, and a space policy Alright, alright, I get it.
    [Show full text]
  • Articles Male Mythological Beings Among the South Slavs Joseph L
    3 Articles Male Mythological Beings Among the South Slavs Joseph L. Conrad University of Kansas The South Slavs have a long tradition of belief in protective domestic spirits and in malevolent demons of the field, forest and water.(1) Such mythological creatures were prevalent among all Slavic peoples and are part of the common Indo-European heritage.(2) Whereas most beliefs of this type receded among the East and West Slavs by the end of the nineteenth century, they were maintained in many areas of the Balkans until the beginning of the Second World War.(3) Ethnographic fieldwork conducted in the 1960s-1980s has shown that many farmers and stockbreeders in the more remote villages (of former Yugoslavia) have not abandoned their traditional beliefs. For example, the protector housesnake,(4) mischievous forest and dangerous water spirits, and many lesser mythological beings have been reported in several South Slavic territories in the last forty years. Many traditional domestic rituals have their origin in the conviction that the family ancestor's spirit resides under the threshold or near the open hearth and, if properly cared for, will ensure happiness and good fortune for the family. In Russia that spirit was manifest in the domovoj, "house spirit," but as this name itself was taboo, he was referred to in euphemisms such as ded or deduška, "grandfather," and xozjain "master." Offerings of food, especially bread and salt, the traditional symbols of hospitality, were routinely left for the domovoj at night before the family retired. The
    [Show full text]
  • N.I.Il`Minskii and the Christianization of the Chuvash
    Durham E-Theses Narodnost` and Obshchechelovechnost` in 19th century Russian missionary work: N.I.Il`minskii and the Christianization of the Chuvash KOLOSOVA, ALISON,RUTH How to cite: KOLOSOVA, ALISON,RUTH (2016) Narodnost` and Obshchechelovechnost` in 19th century Russian missionary work: N.I.Il`minskii and the Christianization of the Chuvash, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/11403/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 1 Narodnost` and Obshchechelovechnost` in 19th century Russian missionary work: N.I.Il`minskii and the Christianization of the Chuvash PhD Thesis submitted by Alison Ruth Kolosova Material Abstract Nikolai Il`minskii, a specialist in Arabic and the Turkic languages which he taught at the Kazan Theological Academy and Kazan University from the 1840s to 1860s, became in 1872 the Director of the Kazan Teachers‟ Seminary where the first teachers were trained for native- language schools among the Turkic and Finnic peoples of the Volga-Urals and Siberia.
    [Show full text]
  • Nationalism in the Soviet and Post-Soviet Space: the Cases of Belarus and Ukraine Goujon, Alexandra
    www.ssoar.info Nationalism in the Soviet and post-Soviet space: the cases of Belarus and Ukraine Goujon, Alexandra Veröffentlichungsversion / Published Version Arbeitspapier / working paper Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Goujon, A. (1999). Nationalism in the Soviet and post-Soviet space: the cases of Belarus and Ukraine. (Arbeitspapiere des Osteuropa-Instituts der Freien Universität Berlin, Arbeitsschwerpunkt Politik, 22). Berlin: Freie Universität Berlin, Osteuropa-Institut Abt. Politik. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-440316 Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer Deposit-Lizenz (Keine This document is made available under Deposit Licence (No Weiterverbreitung - keine Bearbeitung) zur Verfügung gestellt. Redistribution - no modifications). We grant a non-exclusive, non- Gewährt wird ein nicht exklusives, nicht übertragbares, transferable, individual and limited right to using this document. persönliches und beschränktes Recht auf Nutzung dieses This document is solely intended for your personal, non- Dokuments. Dieses Dokument ist ausschließlich für commercial use. All of the copies of this documents must retain den persönlichen, nicht-kommerziellen Gebrauch bestimmt. all copyright information and other information regarding legal Auf sämtlichen Kopien dieses Dokuments müssen alle protection. You are not allowed to alter this document in any Urheberrechtshinweise und sonstigen Hinweise auf gesetzlichen way, to copy it for public or commercial purposes, to exhibit the Schutz beibehalten werden. Sie dürfen dieses Dokument document in public, to perform, distribute or otherwise use the nicht in irgendeiner Weise abändern, noch dürfen Sie document in public. dieses Dokument für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke By using this particular document, you accept the above-stated vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, aufführen, vertreiben oder conditions of use.
    [Show full text]
  • Game Management in the Czech Republic Game Management in the Czech Republic 3
    Petr Šeplavý Ing. Jaroslav Růžička Ing. Jiří Pondělíček, Ph.D. GAME MANAGEMENT IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC GAME MANAGEMENT IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC 3 Natural conditions The Czech Republic is located in Central Europe and it is a member of the European Union. The total area of the Czech Republic is 78,866 km2. The Czech Republic borders with Ger- many, Poland, Slovakia and Austria. The landscape is mainly for- med by uplands and highlands. The area of the Czech Republic is surrounded by mountains, which slope down to lowlands along the main rivers (Labe, Vltava, Morava). The Třeboň’s basin is the largest basin with the area 1,360 km2. Erosion helped to form bizarre rocky formations called “rock towns” which could be seen especially in the northeast Bohemia. The Czech Repub- lic is located on the main European water divide. Total precipi- tation amounts to 693 mm. One third of that amount flows to three seas. The longest river is called Vltava and its length is 433 km. Vltava and Labe together create the longest river road of the Czech Republic with the length of 541 km. There are many artificial dams in the Czech Republic. Most of them were built during the 20th century. Dam reservoirs are used in flood prevention, as sources of the energy and vacation venues. Most dams are on the Vltava River (so-called the Vltava Cascade). The largest dam is Lipno with the area of 4,870 hectares. Ponds are the phenomenon of the Czech countryside. They were built from the 12th century, primarily for the purpose of fish bree- ding.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Article
    Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research (ASSEHR), volume 312 International Conference "Topical Problems of Philology and Didactics: Interdisciplinary Approach in Humanities and Social Sciences" (TPHD 2018) Between Folklore and Literature: Mastery of A.N. Tolstoy-Storyteller (on the 135th anniversary of the writer) Varvara A. Golovko Evgenia A. Zhirkova Dept. of History of the Russian literature, theory of Dept. of History of the Russian literature, theory of literature and criticism literature and criticism Kuban State University Kuban State University Krasnodar, Russia Krasnodar, Russia [email protected] [email protected] Natalya V. Svitenko Dept. of History of the Russian literature, theory of literature and criticism Kuban State University Krasnodar, Russia [email protected] Abstract–The study of the interaction of traditional folk unfortunately incomplete project of the author, set of folk culture and professional art, folklore and literature for more tales. After the publication of the lyric collections, readers than a century is considered to be one of the main directions of became acquainted with the cycle “Magpie’s Tales”, first humanitarian knowledge. The article is devoted to the analysis of published by the St. Petersburg Publishing House “Public the author’s transformations of Russian folklore in the “fairy- Benefit” in 1910. tale” works of Alexei Nikolaevich Tolstoy (1883-1945). The relevance of the research is determined by the special role of Many times for different literary collections, the author has folklore images, motifs and plot patterns in the writer's works. rewritten the cycle “Magpie’s Tales”. In the Complete Works, The folklore-mythological aspect of the works of the “third” the authors of the comments note that “in 1923, when the State Tolstoy is less studied by scholars, although in a number of works Publishing house published a collection of fairy tales and about the writer there are judgments about the general influence poems by A.
    [Show full text]
  • Russia Hears Plan I. to Unify Germans; Already
    ----------------------- j^g^pipe, Steel A-Energy Might Be Used Russia Hears Plan i. FirnrSchtdules ^erP0W 6i^Pim t“T n rr^ f.FvStructures Ocean-Into Fresh-Water To Unify Germans; industry plans immL-diutc con?tnictioti i WASHINGTON, ..May 1-J (LTD — Interiiir .^ecrctary Fivil A. Seaton .-^aid lodav 'south Idaho Pipe nnd Sled corporation com- atomic energy may lie nscd to power the «ecoiul of the Koveninicnfs propo.scd dL'nmri- (\*tn rilJ13* ^ r<nnnimt'ori i\i flin fiiitil iT^^.^iianizntioii nnd announced piirchnse of th« fiiiii! .stratiowplant.s for lurninjr nea w a ter into frusli uiilcr. Sealon said the plan m a y “ oin-n Already Criticized! ! orga | p W ^ PKiimbcr o f C om m crcu industrial nrca in Soulh new horixon.s fur tlie iicaeoful ii])iilientioii <if nli-mic ^ c r t y . " He ad d ed : "T h e (iir;im n t h c Gl-'NEVA. May M (/P)—The western powers confronted Russia today with a| l* '‘^‘Tliursdny, T^ilfr5v. Lvnn L. UuiKii"ii. prc^idciil of Ihc now o f large, voltnnw o f |inv.co.-;t converted w a ter I'or'ilie arid luoas o f the w orld t^hoiild hu sweejnnjr :»)-m onih piickaBc plan for unilin^r divided Berlin, mcrj^inK' Kast and W e s t ! id president, will retain o)iura- a long .step ne;ircr reality.” A t the sam e time. .Seaton announced that n miilti-staKe Germany and inakiiiK a start on «lobul disarmament. Soviet Foreign .^linister A n d r c l l |ii't®-?”,l„^rT(rVscVt’ industries.
    [Show full text]