The Cambridge Companion to Greek Mythology Edited by Roger D

Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-84520-5 — The Cambridge Companion to Greek Mythology Edited by Roger D. Woodard Index More Information

Index S

A Collection of Wonders from the Entire Admetus, 449 Earth Arranged by Locality, 238, 247 Adonis, 441, 450 A Common Chorus, 446 Adrastia, 232 A Streetcar Named Desire, 444 Adrastus, 337 A View from the Bridge, 444 adultery, 8, 362, 417 A Wonder Book, 11, 384 Aeacus, 215, 230, 232, 242 Abas, 373 Aeetes, 17, 18 Abdera, 216 Aegean Sea, 269–70, 279–80 Acarnania, 326 Aegeus, 26, 255, 257–8, 270, 273–4; see Accius, 83, 146, 355 also Aigeus Achaea, 280, 334 Aegeus, 194 Achaeans, 24, 37, 56–9, 61–2, 73, 78, Aegicores, 279 147, 191, 280, 335–6, 346–7; see also Aegids, 272–4 Achaians Aegina, 58, 349 Achaeus, 280 Aegipan, 98 Achaians, 458; see also Achaeans aegis, 146, 264, 269, 272, 385 Acharnians, 193, 199–200, 202, Aegisthus, 192 325 Aegyptus, 173 Achelous, 326 Aelius Theon, 356 Acheron, 319 , 322, 417 Aenea, 348 Achilles, 25, 31 , 33-8, 48, 54–9, 63–71, Aeneaden, 359 78–9, 81–2, 84, 91, 105, 123, 138, Aeneas, 91, 291, 347–8, 355–6, 359, 369, 147, 167, 169, 199, 201, 291, 296, 378–9, 417, 433 302, 31 0 , 323, 325, 335, 350, 359, 361, Aeneid, 346, 357–9, 379, 410, 413, 415, 404, 408, 433, 457–8, 460 417, 422 Acrisius, 331 Aeolians, 280 Acropolis, 203, 206, 258, 260, 280, 295, Aeolic (traditions, lands, etc.), 33–5, 38, 298–301, 313 , 315 , 338–41, 347 41, 48, 68, 83 Actaeon, 293, 366–7, 441 Aeolic meter, 275, 277; see also meter Actorione, 290 Aeolosicon, 194, 197 Acusilaus, 242, 244–5, 281 Aeolus, 197, 247, 280, 373 Ad Familiares, 246 Aeolus, 197 Adam Bede, 436 Aerope, 221 Addison, Joseph, 427, 435, 440, 444 Aeschylus, 19, 167, 172, 174–5, 178, 185, Adeimantus, 215 196, 204, 230, 336, 351, 430–1, 436–7, adharma, 129 440, 443–4

511

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-84520-5 — The Cambridge Companion to Greek Mythology Edited by Roger D. Woodard Index More Information

Index

Aesculapius, 413 Alexander the Aetolian, 247 Aeson, 16 Alexander the Great, 112, 295, 350 Aesop, 63, 198, 211 Alexandra, 333–4 Aether, 86, 364; see also aither Alexandria, 237, 306 aetiology, 62, 215, 261–2, 265, 267, allegory, 9, 388, 395, 401, 407–13, 269–72, 274, 278–81, 363, 366, 368 415–18, 420–2 Aetolia, 337 alphabet, 104, 219 Agamemnon, 24, 54, 63, 68, 147, 166, Alpheius River, 327 167, 171, 173, 184–5, 221, 233, 333–6, Altar of the Twelve Gods, 344 338, 345, 349, 351, 361, 436 Althaea, 361 Agamemnon, 167, 174-5, 184–5, 336, 438 Amakandu, 101 Agathon, 202, 224 Amazonomachy, 298, 300 Agave, 175-6 Amazons, 206, 294, 298, 302, 338, 342, Agesilaus II of Sparta, 349 345, 349, 411, 464 Aglauros, 366 ambrosia, 89, 263 Aglaurus, 280 Amel-Marduk, 127 agones¯ , 20 Ammon, 102, 218 Agora, 288, 340, 344–5, 349, 445 Amores, 357, 361, 371–3, 376 Agoracritus, 205 Amphiaraus, 337 agriculturalism, 203, 264, 316 Amphiaraus, 194 agriculturalist class, 135 Amphictyons, 275, 276–8 agriculturalists, 118–19, 122–3, 131, 135; Amphictyons, 194 see also farmers, herders, pastoralists, Amphion, 229 shepherds Amphitheus, 199 Ahura Mazdah,¯ 115, 129, 148 Amphitrite, 268-9 Aidoneus, 263 Amphitryon, 167, 175, 190, 204 Aidos, 107, 120, 137 Amphitryon, 190, 192 Aigeus, 171; see also Aegeus Amyclae, 333–4, 346 ainos, 63–8, 78–9, 107, 211 An Essay on Criticism, 434 aither, 228; see also Aether An Essay on the Original Genius and Aithiopis, 37 Writings of Homer, 429 Aitia, 358 Anacreon, 22, 40, 46–8 aition, 265, 269 Anagyrus, 194 Ajax, 2, 58–9, 64, 69, 172, 182–4, 186, Anatolia, 92, 104 233, 242, 291, 296–7, 31 0 , 323–4, 361 Anatolian, 118 Akkadian, 110, 126 Anaxagoras, 334 Akrotiri frescoes, 307–8 Anchimolus, 343 Alalu, 93, 96 Anchises, 291, 348 Alanus de Insulis, 412–3 Andromache, 28, 36–8, 69, 173, 347, 378 Alcaeus, 2, 22–5, 42–7, 53 Andromache, 184, 348 Alcestis, 322 Andromeda, 435 Alcestis, 449 Andromeda, 196, 197, 202 Alcibiades, 216, 224, 437 Anglo-Saxons, 432 Alcinous, 146–7, 169, 232, 315 -6 Angra Mainyu, 129 Alcman, 21–2, 40 Anna Perenna, 371 Alcmene, 204 Annales, 355 Alcmeon, 309 Anshar, 99 Alcyoneus, 293 Ant Men, 194

512

Index

Antaeus, 288, 294, 449 Arcesilas of Cyrene, 168, 272–4 Antenor, 273–4 archaeology, 81, 331 Antenorids, 273–4 Archaic period, 2, 19, 21–4, 28, 52, Antheus, 247 306–7, 314 , 329, 349 Anthropheracles, 197 Archedemus of Thera, 313 anthropomorphism, 324, 328, 374 Archelaus of Thessaly, 230 Anthroporestes, 197 Archilaus of Cappadocia, 249 Anticleia, 472 Archilochus, 22, 37–8, 48 Antigone, 182, 31 0 Arcite, 411 Antigone, 182, 311 Areimanius, 129 Antigonus of Carystus, 239 Areopagus, 213 Antiochus Epiphanes, 125 Ares, 17, 28, 31 –3, 37, 84, 90–1, 122, Antiope, 298, 342–3 273, 410 Antiope, 229 Arestor, 244 Antiphanes, 309 Arete, 315 Antiphates, 78 Argades, 279 Antoninus Liberalis, 245, 248, 251 Argive Heraion, 243 Anu, 92–3, 95–6, 99–100, 103 Argives, 57, 336–7, 343 Aphaea, 349 Argo, 1, 17–18, 168–9, 302, 458, 463 Aphareus, 240 Argonautica, 168, 242, 312 , 316 , 357, 462 Aphrodite, 26–34, 36, 39–41, 87, 91, Argonauts, 17–18, 168, 195, 272, 462 167-8, 179–80, 182, 191, 193, 206, Argos, 8, 172, 174, 185, 200, 281, 331, 226, 262, 267, 273, 292, 300–1, 311 , 334, 336–7 316 , 318 , 402, 450, 459 Argos (guardian of Io), 294, 385 apocalyptic motifs, 89, 116, 125, 135, 148, Ariadne, 169, 257–8, 290, 361, 408, 396, 467 449 Apollo, 21, 36–9, 90, 173, 175, 177–81, Arianna, 398 183–4, 195, 225, 238, 240, 249, 251, Arion, 48, 408–9 268–9, 270-81, 290, 294, 297–8, Ariosto, Ludovico, 416, 422 301–2, 313 –14, 316 , 323–4, 341, 343, Aristides, 230 356, 367, 368–9, 373, 409, 412, 419, Aristogeiton, 288-9 436, 458–60, 470, 476 Aristonymus, 194 Apollodorus, 6, 11, 18, 97–8, 238, 240–1, Aristophanes, 4, 22, 105, 177, 192–7, 243–5, 252, 258–9, 320, 388–9 200, 202, 204–7, 216, 218, 223–5, Apollonius (paradoxographer), 239 261, 319 , 325, 392, 446 Apollonius of Rhodes, 168–9, 242, 245, Aristotle, 38, 42, 44–5, 186, 192, 195, 312 , 316 , 357, 389, 462–3 210–11, 243, 325, 339, 345, 418 Apology, 67, 211 Arjuna, 123 apotheosis, 295, 300, 369, 370 arkhaia, 259 apragmosune, 207 Armenian, 118, 127, 134 Apsu, 99–100 Armenians, 133 Apsyrtus, 18, 169 Armenius of Pamphylia, 233 Arachne, 367, 375, 411, 416 Arnold, Matthew, 437-8 Aramaic, 112, 126 Arnold, Thomas, 432 Aranzah, 93, 96 Arnolphe of Orleans,´ 410 Aratus,˘133, 245 Ars Amatoria, 357, 362–3, 371, 411 Arcadia, 238, 313 , 333, 347, 355, 427 art history, 81 Arcadians, 337 Art of English Poesy, 409

513

Index

Artemis, 36, 73, 90, 179-80, 184–5, 195, Attica, 192, 194, 206, 212–13, 221, 224, 248, 262, 269, 279, 301, 323, 339, 227, 257, 261, 280, 289, 293, 295–6, 343, 345, 392 299, 301, 311 , 313 –14, 326, 338–9, aˇsa, 129 342–4, 347–8 Ascalon, 24 audience, 5, 7, 8, 49, 108, 146, 184–5, Asclepiades, 244–5 191, 201, 205, 212, 216, 238, 250, Asclepius, 298, 313 279–80, 286, 294, 311 , 332, 359, 392, Ascra, 83 409, 412, 454, 457–8, 460, 462–3, Asia Minor, 3, 24, 33, 41, 46, 83, 126, 467, 475 233, 343 Augean stables, 297 Asopus, 244 Augias, 297, 469 Aspasia, 193 Augustan Forum, 362 Assyria, 112 Augustine, 408 Assyrians, 110 Augustus, 8, 249, 356, 359, 362, 368–71, Astarte, 103 375, 378–9 Asteria, 88 Augustus Diuus, 368 Asterope, 317 Aulis, 169, 185, 349 Astraeus, 88, 90 aulodes, 20, 47 astrology, 412–13 Aulus Gellius, 83 Astronomy, 105 Aurora Leigh, 436 Astyanax, 173, 291 autochthony, 217–18, 221, 224, 280-1, Atalanta, 198, 361, 388 299; see also chthonic beings Atalanta in Calydon, 438 Autolycus, 412 Athanasia, 293 Autumn Journal, 445 Atharva Veda, 128–9 Avesta, 115, 128 athemis, 168 Avestan, 115, 141 Athena, 17, 42, 71, 90, 167, 173, 178–9, Azˇ Dahak,¯ 116 181–4, 191, 206, 224, 250, 267, 279, 280–1, 292, 293, 298–302, 315 , 323, Baal, 103 339–41, 385, 460 Babylon, 24, 100, 113, 125, 133 Athenaeus, 309 Babylonia, 98, 100–1, 108, 113, 125–7, Athenians, 7, 191, 194, 198, 200, 207, 139 216–18, 223–4, 267–70, 279, 288–9, Babylonian Exile, 125 299, 337–8, 340, 349–50 Babylonians, 92, 110 Athens, 7, 8, 20–2, 43, 45, 47–8, 166, Bacchae, 47, 174–6, 184, 192 170, 172–3, 184, 193–4, 198, 200, Bacchus, 275–8, 436 203, 207, 212–13, 216–18, 220–4, Bacchylides, 22, 42, 48, 50, 260, 267–70, 227–8, 243, 247, 255–8, 260, 262, 279 264, 266–70, 278–82, 287–9, 292–5, Baitylos, 102 297–301, 313 , 315 , 320, 322–3, 336, Balaustion’s Adventure, 449 338–45, 347, 349–51, 392, 411, 432, Balto-Slavic, 118 435, 446, 454 barbarians, 174, 299, 348–9 Atlantis, 5, 216, 218, 220, 222–4, 466–8 Battle of Salamis, 348–9 Atlas, 88, 94, 102, 413 Battus, 271–2, 274, 366 Atreids, 334, 336 Bava, Mario, 472 Atreus, 196, 221, 334, 336, 355, 373, 436 Bdelycleon, 206 Atropus, 232–3 Behn, Aphra, 427 Attic Nights, 83 Bellerophon, 295, 335

514

Index

Bellum Poenicum, 355 Bull of Marathon, 287, 338, 342–3 Beloved, 446 Busiris, 291 Belshazzar, 125 Byblis, 247 Benveniste, Emile,´ 119, 145 Byron, Lord, 430 Berchorius, Petrus, 410, 413–14, 416, 419–20 Cabiria, 464 Berkoff, Steven, 445 Cacoyannis, Michael, 470 Bernardus Silvestris, 410–12, 415, Cadmus, 17, 176, 275, 278, 366 417–18, 420-1 Calchas, 185 Berouth, 102 calendar, 261, 282 Bhima, 116, 123 Callias, 216 biaios, 168 Callicles, 211, 214, 229–31 Bias, 334 Callimachus, 237–9, 247, 271–3, 326, Bible, 3, 102, 109–11, 113, 124–7, 131–2, 358, 376 136, 397, 407–8, 412, 419–20, 423, 426 Callimachus (the polemarch), 289 Bibliotheca, 6, 18, 97, 243–5, 258–9, 320 Callinus, 22, 48 Biblis, 366 Calliope, 219 Birds, 207 Callisto, 367, 370 Black Anima, 447-8 Calydon, 240 black-ﬁgure painting, 291, 295, 300, 302, Calydonian Boar Hunt, 240, 294 322–3, 339, 342, 468 Calypso, 72–3, 79, 312 –13 Blair, Hugh, 429 Cambyses II, 126 Boccaccio, Giovanni, 410, 420 Camerini, Mario, 464 Boeotia, 83, 201, 346, 349 Camus, Marcel, 474 Boeotians, 341 Canace, 197 Bogazkˇ oy,¨ 92 cannibalism, 78, 88, 196, 221, 314 , 415 Boios, 358 Cape Malea, 335 Boreads, 290 Caria, 298 Boreas, 88, 90, 213, 227, 301, 316 , 327 Carians, 270 Bosphorus, 311 Carmentalia, 371 Botticelli, Sandro, 410, 413 Carnea, 243 boundaries, 172–5 Carneia, 271, 273–4 Brahma, 129 Cassandra, 173, 175, 186, 300, 333–4, brahman¯ . a class, 117, 130, 135–6 346, 361 brahmins, 117, 135 Cassirer, Ernst, 210, 261 Braine, John, 444 Castor, 184 Brangas, 249 cataclysm, 62 Brauron, 339, 343–4, 392 Catalogue of Monsters, 87, 90, 120–1 Brignone, Guido, 471 Catalogue of Ships, 334 Briseis, 34, 68–9, 147, 357, 377 Catalogue of Women, 91, 151 , 241, 244, Bromius, 275 335, 358, 366, 388, 391 Bronte,¨ Emily, 437 Catasterisms, 245; see also Katasterismoi Brontes,¨ the, 435 Catullus, 356, 361 bronze age/genos, 106, 114–15 , 122, Caucasus, 17, 178 132–4, 141, 143 caves, 72–3, 312 –14, 316 , 321, 326, 401, Browning, Elizabeth Barrett, 436, 438, 409 443 Cebes of Thebes, 215, 228 Browning, Robert, 449 Cecrops, 169, 194, 280, 299, 373

515

Index

Celeus, 263 chthonic beings, 97–8, 102, 120, 280; see Celtic, 118 also autochthony, hupokhthonioi Celts, 119, 429 cicadas, 194, 218–19, 31 0 Cenaeum, 181 Cicero, 246, 356 Centauromachy, 297–8, 300, 342 Cilicia, 98, 331 Centaurs, 54, 105, 195, 213–14, 240, Cimon, 198 286, 297–9, 301–2, 342, 349 Cineas, 344 Ceos, 267, 269–70 Cinyras, 374 Cephalus, 301 Circe, 73, 74, 77, 91, 169, 293, 318 , Cephis(s)us River, 311 , 326 437 Cer, 87 citharodes, 20, 45, 47 Cerberus, 89–90, 167, 288, 290, 462, City Dionysia, 3, 4, 21, 43, 48, 166, 177, 471 261, 279, 281 Cercopes, 290 Cladeus River, 327 Cercops, 244 “Claremont,” 428 Cercyon, 193, 287–8, 338 Clash of the Titans, 457, 458–9, 471 Ceres, 375 Classical period, 19–23, 52, 80, 270, 281, Cerynitan hind, 295 298, 302, 306–7, 313 –14, 324, 327, Ceto, 87, 121 329 Chaffey, Don, 458 Cleanthes, 364 Chalcidians, 341 Cleisthenes, 299, 338, 340–2, 344–5 Chaos, 86–7, 100, 199 Clement of Alexandria, 334 Chapman, George, 430 Cleomenes, 336, 340 Charities, 90, 385 Cleon, 204 Charon, 319 , 322, 417, 471, 474 Cleopatra, 356, 442 Chaucer, Geoffrey, 9, 10, 408, 410–12, Clito, 224 419, 426 Cloris, 427 Cheiron, 313 ; see also Chiron Clotho, 233 Chimaeras, 90, 213 Clouds, 22, 199 Chimeras, 290, 295 Clymene, 88 Chios, 46 Clytaemnestra, 333 Chiron, 105, 290; see also Cheiron Clytemnestra, 167, 171, 174, 443 Chloris, 316 Clytius, 317 choral dance, 268, 269–71, 275, Cnossus, 267, 270; see also Knossos 277–8 Cocalus, 194–5 choral lyric, 20 Cocteau, Jean, 473–4, 476 choral performances, 21, 25, 27, 44 Codrus Painter, 7, 287, 289 choral poetry, 46 Coesyra, 343 choruses, 20–2, 25, 28, 35, 38–40, 44, 49, Coeus, 86, 88 172–3, 183–5, 191, 196, 198, 200–1, Colchians, 18, 169 203, 219, 273–4, 277–8, 281, 311 , 325 Colchis, 1, 17, 168–71 Christabel, 430 Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 417–18, 430 Christianity, 10, 231, 296, 407, 409–12, color symbolism, 116–17 414, 416, 423, 426–7, 468, 471 colossus of Nebuchadnezzar, 113, 127, 131 Christine de Pizan, 408 comedians, 194, 237 chronography, 241, 243 comedy, 4, 48, 177, 190–200, 202–3, Chrysippus, 197 205, 208, 468 Chrysothemis, 317 Complaint of Nature, 412, 420

516

Index

composition, 2, 19, 21, 23–4, 28, 39, 51, Cyclades, 270, 279, 281 53, 84–5, 99, 112, 202, 245, 265, Cyclopes, 62, 71–3, 77–8, 87–8, 145–6, 277–8, 292 192, 314 , 325, 462 Confessio Amantis, 412 Cycnus, 84; see also Kyknos Conon, 60, 239, 243, 249 Cygnus, 359 Constitution of the Athenians, 345 Cymbeline, 441 Conti, Natale, 410, 420 Cypria, 53 Convivio, 417 Cyprus, 104 Corinna, 22 Cyre, 271 Corinth, 40, 48, 170–1, 295, 337, 409, Cyrene, 271–4, 282, 351 468 Cyrene (a nymph), 271–2 Corinthians, 335 Cyrus the Great, 125–6 Cornelius Gallus, 246 Corythus, 247 Daedalus, 194–5, 257, 366 cosmic conﬂagration, 62 Dagon, 102 cosmic ﬂood, 62 daimones, 121–6, 221, 226 cosmogony, 85, 130–1, 133, 135, 149–50, Damkina, 99 198 Danaans, 57 Cosmographia, 411–12, 420, 421 Danae, 331, 355 cosmology, 130, 131, 133, 148, 150 , 228 Danaids, 173, 356, 360 Cottafavi, Vittorio, 11, 454, 461, 466, Danaus, 172, 196, 331 468–9, 476 dance, 21, 26, 47; see also choral dance Counsels of Wisdom, 110 dancers, 39, 278, 468 Countesse of Pembrokes Yvychurch, 412, 420 Daniel, 113–14, 118, 124–7, 131–4, 136 Cowper, William, 429 Dante Alighieri, 9, 214, 226, 231, 413, Cranach, Lucas, 410 415, 417, 421, 471 Craterus of Macedon, 243 Daphne, 367–8 Cratinus, 4, 190, 192–5 Darius I, 126 creation, 98, 100, 117, 130–31 , 135, 149, Dark Ages, 286 194, 216–17, 222, 365, 374, 395 darkness, 72–6 Creon, 170, 172, 182, 446 Daughters of Danaus, 194, 196 Cretan Sea, 267, 269–70 Davis, Desmond, 457 Crete, 88, 257, 268–70, 295, 347, 462 De Concini, Ennio, 464 Creusa, 180–1, 279–81, 313 , 316 , 403 De Mirabilium Libellus, 239 Critias, 216, 218, 222 De Rerum Natura, 356 Critias, 223; see also Timaeus/Critias Dead Sea Scrolls, 125 Critius, 345; see also Kritios deiknumena, 266 Crius, 86–7 Deleia, 343 Crommyon, 287 Delia, 267–8 Cromwell, Oliver, 427 Deliads, 269 Cronus, 87, 88, 92, 95, 97–8, 100, Delian League, 270 102–4, 106, 204, 213, 221, 230, 385 Delos, 267–70, 272, 282, 323–4, 326, Croton, 347 342–3 cult, 6, 31 , 33, 35, 194, 227, 248–9, Delphi, 88, 95, 168, 180, 243, 260, 272, 259–62, 264–71, 273–5, 277–9, 281, 275–9, 281–2, 293, 298–9, 301, 319 , 300, 334, 343–4, 346, 351, 364, 393, 323, 333, 338, 341, 347, 445, 470 403, 466 Demarous, 102 Cupid, 371, 373, 401, 412 Demeter, 4, 88, 90–1, 203, 263–5, 267

517

Index

demigods, 107, 142, 144 Dore,´ Gustave, 471 Demiurge, 222 Dorian (traditions, territory), 60, 280, democracy, 217, 288, 299, 338–46 335 Demodokos, 33 Dorians, 271–2, 280, 336 Demogorgon, 431 Doris, 87 demokratia, 349 Dorus, 280 Demophon, 263, 267 Dramata or Niobos, 194–5 Demos, 204–5 Dramata or the Centaur, 194–5 Denkard¯ , 115, 136 dromena¯ , 266 Derveni papyrus, 85 “Drowne’s Wooden Image,” 434 destruction, 114, 117, 135, 143, 148, 222, drug, 129 365 druh, 129 Deucalion, 9, 241, 242, 244, 365, 373, Dryden, John, 426, 428 412 Dryope, 359 dharma, 116–17, 129, 130, 135, 148–9 Duffy, Carol Ann, 10, 426, 448, 449 Diana, 411, 427 Dumezil,´ Georges, 3, 118–19, 123, 332 Dicaeopolis, 199–201 Dunciad, 428, 441 dichotomies, 119–21, 123–4, 129, 132, Dunnu, 101 143–4 Duris of Samos, 238 Dickens, Charles, 435 dvaparayuga¯ , 117 Dickinson, Emily, 437 didactic literature, 109, 112, 149–50; see Ea, 92–4, 97–100 also wisdom literature Earth, 101 Dido, 357–8, 361, 417, 449 Ecclesiazusae, 207 Didyma, 249 Echidna, 87, 90 Didymus, 251 Echion, 176 Diegesis, 239, 243, 249 Echo, 202 dikaios, 116 Eclogues, 356 Dike, 133, 232 ecpyrosis, 62 dike¯, 105, 109, 122, 124, 143, 145–6, 149 Edipo re, 469–70 Diodorus Siculus, 1 Eetion,¨ 38 Diomedes, 24, 249, 334, 337, 346 Egypt, 92, 104, 111–12, 118, 134, 196, Dionysalexandrus, 4, 190, 193, 197 218–19, 222–3, 290–1, 306, 356, 415, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, 42 449 Dionysus, 4, 24, 43, 45–6, 166, 174–76, Egyptians, 102, 408 182, 184, 190–91, 193–4, 200, 204, Ehoiai, 92 257, 260–62, 269, 275–8, 280, 291–3, Eileithyia, 90 302, 311 , 314 , 322–3, 444 El, 102 Dioscuri, 290, 334 Elamites, 126 Dioskouroi, 43 Electra, 184 Diotima, 216, 224–7 elegiac, 20, 22–3, 140, 358, 361 Dirce, 311 elegy, 373 Disputationes Camuldenses, 417 Eleusis, 4, 275, 288, 337, 339, 344–5 dithyrambs, 260, 267–70, 277, 279 Eliot, George, 435–7, 442 Divine Comedy, 421 Eliot, T. S., 425, 441–3, 445, 447–8 do ut des, 266, 271 Elioun, 102 Dodecanese, 347 Elpenor, 318 –19 Dodona, 17, 181 Elymians, 347

518

Index

Elysian Fields, 169, 320, 471 Erebus, 86, 198 Elysian Isles, 107; see also Islands of the Erechtheids, 280 Blessed, Islands of the Blest, Isles of Erechtheus, 194, 279–80 the Blessed Eretria, 343 Elysium, 417, 427 Eretrians, 343 Emathides, 375 Erichthonius, 280, 299–300 Emblemes, 412 Erinyes, 87 Empedocles, 22, 210 Eris, 87, 106–7, 120, 123 Enceladus, 301, 373 Eros, 32, 86, 199, 218–19, 224–7, 231–2, Endimion, 413 302 Endymion, 41, 413 Erotica Pathemata, 358 Enki, 109 Erotika Pathemata, 246–8 Ennius, 355 Erymanthian boar, 295 Enuma¯ Eliˇs, 98, 100–1 Erysichthon, 359, 366 enunciation, 272, 274 Esarhaddon, 112 Eos, 41, 73–4, 87, 90–1, 301–2 eschatology, 136, 214–15 Ephesus, 26, 47, 249 Esquiline, 308 Ephialtes, 225 esthlon, 141 Ephyre, 335 esthlos, 138–9, 141 epic, 2, 3, 5, 19, 20, 23, 31 –3, 36–9, 49, Eteocles, 411 51–64, 66–7, 69–72, 75, 77, 79–81, Etruscans, 293–4 84, 86, 98, 100, 103–5, 116–18, 124, Euboea, 169, 231, 275, 343, 347, 440 149, 168–9, 176, 197, 210, 222, 237, Euhemerism, 102, 388, 413, 415 240, 250, 260–2, 264–6, 271, 275, 299, Euhemerus, 413 308, 332, 337, 346, 355, 358, 363, 366, Euius, 275 368–9, 373, 375, 377, 379, 402, 429, Eumaeus, 138, 146 441, 454, 462, 464, 466, 471, 474, 476 Eumaios, 57, 79 epic cycle, 37, 53, 82, 260 Eumelus, 245 epic frame, 54 Eumenides, 184 Epidaurus, 260, 298 Eumolpus, 263 Epigeios, 102–3 Euphorbus, 325 epikleros¯ , 281 Euphrates River, 100 Epimetheus, 88, 216–17, 219, 383–85 Euphronius, 342 Epinicia, 260, 270, 273 Euripides, 10, 35, 47, 167, 169, 171, 173, epinikia, 49 177, 180, 184–5, 192, 194, 196–7, 199, epiphanies, 27–30, 185, 263, 267–8, 277, 200, 202–4, 221, 227, 229, 245, 261, 281, 301 267, 279–81, 313 , 316 –17, 321, 336, Epirus, 247 348, 357, 397, 426, 436, 444, 449, 470 Epistulae ex Ponto, 372 Europa, 242, 316 , 361, 367, 373, 398 Epithalamia, 260 Eurotas River, 334 Epodes, 356 Euryalus, 247–8, 334 Er, 212, 215, 230, 232–3 Eurybia, 87 Erasmus, 407–8, 426 Eurydice, 360, 473, 474 Erato, 219 Eurynome, 90 Eratosthenes, 245, 358 Eurytos, 294 Ercole al centro della terra, 472 Eusebius, 339 Ercole alla conquista di Atlantide, 466 Evander, 347, 355, 371 Ercole e la regina di Lidia, 464 Evenus, 240

519

Index

Evippe, 247 Gauls, 299 exarkhon¯ , 38 Ge, 102, 225, 299, 301; see also Gaea Exekias, 296–7, 323 Geleontes, 279 Ezra, 126 Gelon, 338 gender, 268, 315 , 396, 398–401, 404, fables, 5, 12, 63, 107–9, 112, 128, 211 427 fabula praetexta, 355 Genealogia Deorum Gentillium, 410 fabulae, 8, 332, 356, 357 Genealogies, 244 Fabulae, 320 genos, 141–3, 148 falsehoods, 2, 50, 58–9, 129 Geometric period, 294, 297, 328 farmers, 83, 105, 123–4, 148, 194, 201, Georgics, 359, 433 279; see also agriculturalists geranos, 342–3 Fasti, 357, 370–1, 377 Geras, 87, 294 fate goddesses, 93, 95 Germanic, 118, 130 Fates, 87, 98, 233, 290, 447; see also Geryon, 290, 294, 338 Moerae Geryoneus, 87 Ferroni, Giorgio, 460 Getic, 377 festivals, 2–4, 20–1, 24–7, 40, 43–8, 88, giants, 87, 98, 214, 225, 293, 349, 375, 99, 166, 191–2, 194, 202–3, 206, 261, 462–3 267–9, 271, 273, 277, 292, 301, 339, Gigantomachy, 98, 103, 204–5, 293, 343–4, 422 300–1, 356 fiction, 5, 8, 222, 224, 357, 370, 372, 374, Giovanni del Virgilio, 411 378, 397–8, 441, 443, 450, 455–6 Glauce, 436 first function, 119, 121, 131, 143–4, 147 Glaucon, 215, 231, 233, 346 Floralia, 371 Glaucus, 196, 320 folk etymology, 244 Glaucus, 196 formulae, 27, 145, 216, 266, 291 Glaucus of Anthedon, 231 Forster, E. M., 439–40 Gli amori di Ercole, 464 framed myth, 64 Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 429 framing myth, 64 Golden Age, 12, 356, 413 Francisci, Pietro, 464, 465 golden age/genos, 106, 115, 121, 123, François Vase, 342 133–4, 141, 143, 148, 212, 365 Frankenstein, 431, 443 Golden Apples of the Hesperides, 317 Fraunce, Abraham, 411, 420 Golden Fleece, 1, 15 –16, 168 Frazer, James, 1, 388 Gorgias, 5, 211, 214, 227–9, 231 Freda, Riccardo, 471, 475 Gorgons, 87, 121, 213, 290, 331 Freud, Sigmund, 441 Gower, John, 410, 412 Frogs, 105, 192, 209, 319 Gracchus, 356 Fulgentius, 410, 413, 415, 417, 420–1 Graces, 42, 90 Furies, 178–9, 184, 290, 374 Graeae, 87, 120, 290 furor, 360, 378 Graiai, 394 Graves, Robert, 1 Gaea, 86–90, 95, 97, 100–2; see also Ge Great Works, 105 Gallus, 376 Greek Anthology, 25 Gandy, Joseph, 432 Greek religion, 282 Ganymede, 301, 370 Gr´ımnismal´ , 130 Garden of Eloquence, 417 group, 49 Garth, Samuel, 428 gynaecocracy, 206, 208

520

Index

(h)abrosuna, 47 Hephaestus, 17, 89–90, 225, 280, 291–2, habrosyne, 347 294, 299, 326, 345 Hadad, 103 Hephaisteia, 292 Hades, 73–5, 79, 88–90, 122, 143, Hera, 17, 24–5, 44, 88, 90, 167, 169, 175, 203, 214, 230, 263–4, 288, 301, 182, 191, 248, 250, 291–2, 295, 317 , 471–3 321, 337, 457–8, 463, 475 Hagnon, 193 Heracles, 84, 98, 123, 166, 175–6, 181–2, Hain, 101 184–6, 195, 199, 204, 210, 267, 287, Halicarnassus,˘ 298 290–1, 294–5, 298–301, 313 , 317 , 323, Hall, Thomas, 410, 419 326, 336–7, 339, 349, 464, 469 Hamlet, 441 Heracles Ablaze, 197 Hanuman, 116–17 Heraclids, 336 Hardy, Thomas, 435, 437, 442 Heraclitus, 410 Harington, John, 416 Herculanium, 190 Harmodios, 288–9 Hercules, 9, 11, 355, 366, 369, 371, 413, Harpies, 290, 462 422, 462–9, 473, 476 Harrison, John Kent, 459 Hercules (Disney ﬁlm), 453, 473 Harrison, Tony, 445–6 Hercules Conquers Atlantis, 11 Harryhausen, Ray, 458–63, 471, 475 Hercules Unchained, 464 Hattuˇsa, 92 Hercules: The Legendary Journeys, 453 Hawthorne,˘ Nathaniel, 11, 12, 16, 257, herders, 83, 150 ; see also pastoralists, 384, 434, 439 shepherds Hebe, 90 here-and-now, 45, 50; see also hic et nunc Hebrew, 102, 109, 126 Hermaphroditus, 290, 450 Hecataeus, 5, 210, 242, 244 Hermes, 73, 98, 102, 178, 184, 191, Hecate, 88, 263, 290 217–18, 221, 229, 238, 263, 280, Hecatoncheires, 87, 89 301–2, 312 –14, 318 –19, 344, 450 Hector, 28, 36–8, 57, 68–9, 78, 138, 167, Hermione, 348 346–7, 361, 457, 459–60 Hermocrates, 223 Hecuba, 57, 173 herms, 344 Hedammu, 95–6, 98 Hero and Leander, 428 Hegel,˘ Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, 450 Herodotus, 5, 23, 46, 52, 85, 177, 210, Hegelochus, 197 213, 238, 242, 259, 274, 279, 288–9, Helen, 8, 60, 167, 191, 192, 194, 218, 300, 333–4, 336, 338–9, 341, 349 242, 273, 290, 300, 302, 325, 334–5, Heroes, 194 362–3, 398, 408, 449 heroic age/genos, 107, 114, 119, 122, Helen, 60, 196, 202, 449 142–4 Helen of Troy, 459 Heroides, 9, 357–8, 365, 397, 449 Helice, 334 heroism, 167–8, 171 Helios, 74, 87, 225, 263, 292, 300, 403 heroon, 337 Hellanicus, 242–3, 347, 348 Herse, 301 Hellen, 241–2 Hesiod, 3, 10, 11, 19, 23, 34, 52, 60, 62, Hellenistic period, 5, 6, 85, 103, 125, 83–92, 95–124, 128–9, 132–4, 137–51, 168, 238, 242, 250–2, 286, 294–5, 176, 178, 195, 212–14, 217, 221, 224, 298, 301, 306–7, 312 , 325–9, 331–2, 229, 241–2, 244–5, 305, 31 0 –11, 336, 462 316 –17, 320, 335, 358, 364, 366, 376, Hemera, 86, 89 386, 388, 391, 426 Hephaesteum, 299–300 Hesperides, 295, 317 , 318 , 320–1

521

Index

Hestia, 88 Hughes, Ted, 448, 450 hetairos (plural, hetairoi), 42, 147 huiti¯ class, 131 Heteroioumena, 358, 368 humanitas, 363 hexameter, 20, 23, 56, 105, 193, 241, humnos, 39, 40, 43–4 267; see also meter hupokhthonioi, 122; see also chthonic hic et nunc, 260, 266, 268, 271; see also beings here-and-now Hurrians, 92, 95, 104 hieroglyphics, 219, 223 Hyacinthus, 301 hippalektryon, 290 Hydrophoroi, 204 Hipparchus, 340, 341, 344 Hygeia, 313 , 317 Hipparkhos, 47 Hyginus, 320, 389 Hipparkhos, 47 Hylas, 462–3 Hippias, 207, 339, 340–1, 343 Hyllus, 181, 336, 467–8 Hippias Minor, 23 hymenaeus, 28 Hippias of Elis, 243 Hymenaeus, 260 Hippocrates, 216 Hymn to Apollo, 195, 268, 323 Hippodameia, 298 Hymn to Delos, 326 Hippolyta, 411 Hymn to Demeter, 266–7, 271, 276, 316 Hippolytus, 9, 35, 167, 179, 247, 262, Hymn to Hermes, 23, 38, 178 413, 418 Hymn to Zeus, 364 Hippolytus, 35, 167, 179, 184, 185, 194, Hyperboreans, 308 227, 261, 267, 279, 317 Hyperion, 86–7 Hipponax, 22, 48 Hypermestra, 196 Historia Plantarum, 323 Hypermnestra, 331 Historiae Mirabiles, 239 Hypnos, 89, 293 historical linguistics, 82 hypothesis, 190, 193 Hittites, 92–8, 100–1, 103–4, 134 Hypsipyle, 195, 197, 357 Homer, 2, 3, 5, 10–11, 19, 23, 46, 52–3, 58–60, 66, 82–5, 90, 105, 138, 145–7, Iˇstar, 94 176, 192, 197, 199, 210, 212–13, 221, Iacchus, 275 229–30, 232, 237, 240, 245, 250–1, Iapetus, 86, 88, 364 260, 266, 269, 291, 305, 308, 31 0 –12, Iasus, 244 315 , 318 –19, 326, 334–6, 346, 350, Ibis, 361 357–60, 376, 378–9, 388, 402, 410, Ibycus, 22, 36, 48 422, 426, 428–30, 441, 449, 454, Idas, 240–1, 247 457–9, 461, 472, 474–6 ideology, myth as, 332, 340, 350 Homeric Hymns, 38, 178, 195, 260, Ilia, 361 264–6, 268, 271, 275–6, 316 , 323 Iliad, 20, 25, 31 –8, 52–8, 60–1, 63–4, Homeric poetry, 2, 53–7, 60–2, 74–5, 66–74, 78–9, 81–2, 84, 90, 105, 138, 80–2 147, 167, 178, 218, 221, 229, 230, 237, Hopletes, 279 250, 260, 311 , 313 , 325, 326, 334–5, Horace, 356, 360, 377 346, 357–8, 410, 428, 457–8, 460, 476 Horae, 90, 314 , 385 Ilion, 70 Horkus, 87 Ilissus River, 213, 218, 31 0 , 316 , 327, 341 “How Many Bards Gild the Lapses of Imagines, 311 , 326 Time,” 430 Imperial Aramaic, 126 hubris, 105, 109, 116, 121–4, 143–6, 168, “In a Library,” 437 267 Inachus, 244

522

Index

incest, 101 Isocrates, 60, 349 India, 80, 116, 118, 123–4, 128–9, 131–2, Isthmian Odes, 348 134–7, 140, 142, 143, 148–50 Italic, 118–19 Indo-Aryans, 127 Ithaca, 69, 70, 73, 75–7, 79–80, 145, 238, Indo-European, 3, 92, 118, 129–31 , 134; 247, 308, 312 see also Proto-Indo-European Itys, 373, 441 Indo-Europeans, 103, 118–19, 121, Ixion, 360, 471 123–4, 127, 131–3, 135, 137, 144, 147–50; see also Proto-Indo-Europeans James, Henry, 439 Indo-Iranian, 118, 127 Janus, 294 Indo-Iranians, 119, 129, 131–6, 140, 142, Jason, 1, 15 –17, 167–71, 174, 195, 205, 148; see also Proto-Indo-Iranians 290, 295, 301, 365, 436, 462–3 Inferno, 226, 471 Jason and the Argonauts, 458, 462, 476 Instruction of Amen-em-Opet, 111–12 Jean de Meun, 410, 412, 421 Instructions of Ankhsheshonqy, 112 Jerusalem, 125–6, 433 Io, 175, 242, 244, 294, 361, 367, 369, Jocasta, 470; see also Iocasta 398, 414 John of Salisbury, 418 Iocasta, 309; see also Jocasta Johnson, Samuel, 427, 435, 440, 444 Iolaus, 317 Jove, 368, 376, 378, 415, 431 Iolcus, 16, 169–70 Joyce, James, 441 Ion, 180, 202, 279–81 Judah, 125 Ion, 23, 180–1, 184, 202, 313 , 316 Judaism, 127, 132 Ionia, 26, 47, 269, 279–80, 343, 433 Jude the Obscure, 436 Ionians, 126, 280–1, 334, 343 Judgment of Paris, 191, 321, 459 Ionic meter, 277 Julius Caesar, 356, 359, 369–70 Ionic traditions, 48 Jung, Carl, 441 Iphigeneia, 293 Juno, 367, 414, 428 Iphigenia, 184, 361 Jupiter, 190, 356, 359, 365, 367–8, 370, Iphigenia in Tauris, 184 373–4, 376, 378, 412, 414, 428, 431 Iphis, 359, 366 Justice, 232 Iran, 92, 115, 132, 134–7, 140, 150 Iranians, 127, 134 kakon, 141, 169 Iris, 184, 290 kakos, 138–9, 141, 150 iron age/genos, 107, 114, 116, 123, 132, kaliyuga, 117, 130, 136, 142 138, 140, 142–4, 147–8, 221, 365 Kallisteia, 2, 25, 27, 40, 45 iron production, 134 kalon kakon, 120, 123 irony, 358, 377, 379 Karˇsasp,¯ 116 Isaiah, 126 katabasis, 471–2 Isimud, 109 Katasterismoi, 358; see also Catasterisms Isis, 369 Keats, John, 10, 425, 426, 430, 432, 439 Isis and Osiris, 129 Kefalonia, 80 Islands of the Blessed, 320; see also Elysian keres,¯ 67–8 Isles kharis, 50, 51, 59 Islands of the Blest, 221, 229–30; see also khoregos¯ , 21, 39, 40, 276 Elysian Isles khoros, 20, 21, 25, 39, 49; see also choruses Isles of the Blessed, 356, 471; see also kingship-in-heaven, 3, 92, 101–4 Elysian Isles Kingu, 99–101 Ismene, 244 Kishar, 99

523

Index

Kleopatra, 65, 67–9 Laws, 229, 314 Kleophrades Painter, 31 0 , 324 Laws of Manu, 117, 129, 130, 135, 149 kleos, 36–8, 48–9, 55–6, 60, 65–72 Le fatiche di Ercole, 464 Knights, 204–5 Leda, 192, 361 Knossos, 468. see also Cnossus legomena, 266 Knox, Vicesimus, 432 Lemnian Women, 194–5 komos¯ , 49, 273 Lemnians, 206 Kritios, 288; see also Critius Lemnomeda, 197 Kr.s.n. a, 116 Lemnos, 172, 195, 206, 257 kr.tayuga, 116, 135 Lenaea, 194 ks.atriya class, 117, 130, 135, 142 Lernaean Hydra, 87, 90, 290, 295, 449, Kumarbi, 93–8, 100–1, 103 462 Kyknos, 294; see also Cycnus Lesbos, 2, 3, 24–8, 33–4, 37, 40, 41, 43–7, 393 L’Odissea, 471 Lethe, 233 La guerra di Troia, 460 Leto, 88, 90, 195, 302, 323, 343 Labors of Heracles, 167, 296–7, 338, 465 Leucippides, 317 ; see also Leukippides Labors of Hercules, 464 Leuctra, 346 labyrinth, 27, 257, 269–70, 288, 409, Leukippides, 40; see also Leucippides 412, 413 Levine, Joseph E,, 465 Lachesis, 233 Levi-Strauss,´ Claude, 121, 332, 388 Laconia, 295, 333, 335, 346 Libya, 271–4, 351 Lactantius Placidus, 410, 419, 422 Liches, 333 Laertes, 238 Life of Aesop, 63 Laestrygonians, 78 Life of Aristides, 26 Lahamu, 99–100 Life of Homer, 23, 60 Lah˘ ar, 101 Life of Solon, 279 Lah˘ mu, 99, 100 light, 72–6 Laius,˘ 309, 321, 470 liminality, 4, 172, 176, 205, 393, 399 Lake of Acheron, 229 Linear B, 81 Lamachus, 201 Lipara, 317 Lamia, 430 literary persona, 83–4, 379 LAMMA, 94, 98 Lives, Plutarch’s, 267 Lampon, 193 Livius Andronicus, 355 Landino, Cristoforo, 410, 417 local traditions, 2, 26, 28, 33, 35, 41, landscape, 7, 174, 291–2, 305–19, 321–9, 58–60, 194, 241, 252, 260, 287, 295, 440, 470 331–3 langue, 333 Locri, 222, 301 Laocoon, 286 Locrians, 169 Laodamia, 378, 430 Loftis, Norman, 447–8 Lapiths, 54, 343, 349 logos (plural, logoi), 5, 50, 59, 106, 114, Larkin, Philip, 444 115, 123–4, 134, 142, 149, 210–14, Last Judgment, 471 216–17, 222, 224, 230, 389 Lasus, 48 Look Back in Anger, 444 Lavinia, 418 Lord, Albert, 52–3 law, 117–19, 124, 135, 149, 174, 179, 182, Lotus-Eaters, 76 206, 208, 222–3, 281, 314 , 362, 376, Lucceius, 246 416 Lucian, 177, 311 , 320

524

Index

Lucretia, 371 Marpessa, 240 Lucretius, 356, 361 Mars, 356, 361, 412 Lucurgus, 355 Marsyas, 366 Ludlul Bel¯ Nemeqi¯ , 139 Marvell, Andrew, 426 Lupercalia, 371 master myth, 2, 50, 59–64, 66–70, 73, Lycaon, 365, 368 76, 79 “Lycidas,” 427 master narrator, 2, 56–7, 59–60, 63–6, Lycormas River, 240 79 Lydgate, John, 410, 419 Maurice, 439 Lydia, 26, 46–7, 347, 464 Medea, 15 –18, 167–71, 174, 186, 247, Lydians, 3, 26, 46–7, 347 290, 365–6, 398, 436, 446, 462 Lykaon Painter, 318 –19 Medea, 171, 174, 366, 397, 436 Lyly, John, 413 Media, 126, 133 Lynceus, 196, 331 Medieval literature, 9 lyric, 2, 3, 19–24, 28, 31 –4, 36–9, 41, 44, Medusa, 121, 290, 295, 302, 316 , 324, 46–53, 57–61, 63, 66–7, 69, 72, 75, 331, 360, 402, 404, 462, 471 237, 245, 316 , 426, 454 Megalensia, 371 Lysander, 427 Megara, 204 Lysias, 213, 218, 226 Megara (city), 140, 345 Lysippus, 297, 465 Megarians, 193, 345 Lysistrata, 195, 198, 203–4, 206–7, Meidias Painter, 299, 317 446 Melampus, 334 Lyssa, 175, 184–5 Melanion, 198 Melanthus, 345 Macareus, 197 Meleager, 55–7, 63–9, 361, 366 Macedonia, 85, 112 Meliae, 87 Machae, 87 melic, 20–3, 47–8, 260, 262, Maciste all’inferno, 471 275 Macneice, Louis, 445 Meli´ es,` Georges, 453 Macpherson, James, 429 melos, 260 Macrobius, 422 Memnon, 91, 302 madness, 172, 175, 177, 185, 219, 309, Menelaion, 334 360 Menelaos, 24, 57 maenads, 45, 182, 292, 321 Menelaus, 8, 202, 227, 312 , 334, 335, 362, Mahabh¯ arata¯ , 80, 116–17, 130, 135, 459 136 Meno, 222, 232 makarismos, 264–6, 277 Menoetius, 88 Manavadharma¯ ´satra¯ , 117 Mercury, 190, 412, 417 Mantinea, 224, 238 Merope, 437 Mantineans, 238 Mesopotamia, 3, 92–5, 104, 108, 118, Marathon, 288–9, 298, 339, 340, 343, 125–6 349, 440 Messene, 239–40 Marduk, 99–100, 139 Messenia, 335 Mari, 134 Messenians, 198, 240 Mark Antony, 356 Messon, 2, 24, 43–6 Markan¯ . d.eya, 117, 130 metallic symbolism, 107, 113–16, 119, Marlowe, Christopher, 428, 430 121–2, 124, 127, 131, 133–4, 136, 142, Marmor Parium, 281 212

525

Index

metamorphoses, 175, 192, 214, 245, 248, Mt. Helicon, 83, 86 293, 357–8, 365, 368–70, 375, 379, Mt. Hymettus, 313 414, 439, 442 Mt. Ida, 191, 321, 458 Metamorphoses, 8, 133, 248, 358, 359, 361, Mt. Nysa, 314 363–70, 374–9, 410, 413–14, 419, 426, Mt. Oeta, 181 450–1 Mt. Olympus, 86, 89, 90, 96, 107, 225, Metaneira, 263 263–5, 275–6, 278, 300, 321, 339, 367, Metaphysics, 210–11 385, 457–9, 461 meteorites, 134 Mt. Othrys, 89 meter, 20, 42, 56, 250; see also elegiac, Mt. Parnassus, 275 hexameter Mummu, 99 Metis, 90–1 murder, 100, 168–9, 171, 192, 195, 206, metis¯ , 71, 77 300 Michelangelo, 471 Musaeus, 104 Micon, 267; see also Mikon Muses, 20, 21, 36, 38, 39, 42, 56–7, 60, Midas, 366, 461 70, 83, 86, 90–1, 149, 218, 275–6, Mikon, 298; see also Micon 278, 311 , 375, 419, 433–4, 476 Miletus, 5, 210, 343 music, 278 Miller, Arthur, 444 musicians, 229 Miltiades, 243, 289 Musomachia, 375 Milton, John, 10, 408, 410, 426–8, 431 muthos (plural muthoi), 2, 4, 5, 9, 11, 50, mimesis, 43, 44 54, 57–61, 107, 137, 150 , 186, 198, mimesis¯ , 39 259, 260, 356, 389; see also mythos Mimnermus, 22, 48 Mycale, 343 Minerva, 367, 375, 411, 416, 418 Mycenae, 334–6, 468 Minoans, 468 Mycenaean epic, 81 Minos, 195–6, 214, 230, 232, 256–7, Mycenaean Greek, 81 267, 270, 320, 366, 471 Mycenaeans, 334 Minotaur, 166, 255–7, 267, 287–8, 290, Myrmidons, 147, 242 295, 299, 338, 342–3, 411 Myrrha, 366, 374 misogyny, 89, 106, 138, 390 Mysia, 199, 321 Mithra, 128–9 Mystagogus Poeticus, 416, 418, 421 Mitra, 128 Mysteries of Eleusis, 264–6, 295 mixed iron, 115, 127, 131, 133–4, 136–7 mystery cult, 264 Mnemosyne, 87, 90 myth of ages, 112–13, 118–19, 131, 133, Mnesilochus, 202–3 135 Moerae, 87, 233, 268; see also Fates mythographers, 5, 97, 244–5, 250–1, Molione, 290 379, 408, 410–11, 413, 419, 441, 454 monody, 20, 45 Mythographus Homericus, 250 monsters, 78, 87, 89, 95, 97, 99–101, mythography, 5, 6, 238–41, 243, 245–7, 120, 166, 204, 267, 290–1, 294, 314 , 252, 259, 271, 358, 388, 402, 421 325, 453, 460–2, 471 Mythologies, 415, 420 Mopsus, 248 mythopoeia, 5, 212, 220, 234, 402 Morrison, Toni, 10, 426, 446 mythos (plural, mythoi), 5, 210–14, 216, mother goddesses, 93, 95, 403 224, 230, 332; see also muthos Mother Hubur, 99 myths of judgment, 212, 214–16, 227–8, Mourning Becomes Electra, 443 231–2 Mt. Cithaeron, 174, 182, 321 Mytilene, 24, 45

526

Index

Nabonidus, 125–6 nymphs, 72, 87, 213, 271–2, 312 –14, Naevius, 355 321–2, 427, 436, 442, 450 Nar¯ ayan¯ . a, 130 Nyx, 86–7, 89, 106 Narcissus, 227, 366, 428 naukrariai, 344 O’Neill, Eugene, 443 Nausicaa, 139, 145–6, 315 –16, 324, 441 Oceanids, 87–8, 90 Naxos, 257 Oceanus, 17, 86–7, 101, 210, 229; see also Near East, 3, 32, 82, 92, 101–4, 108–10, Okeanos 112, 118, 124, 128, 138, 149–50, 290, Octavian, 356 306 “Ode on a Grecian Urn,” 425 Nebuchadnezzar, 24, 113–14, 125–7, 131, Odes, 356, 360 133–4 Odin, 130 Nekuia, 212, 230 Odissea, 473 Neleus, 343, 345 Odusia, 355 Nemean lion, 295, 297 Odysses, 192 Nemean Odes, 36, 49, 58–9, 242 Odysseus, 2, 58–9, 62, 64, 69–80, 138–9, Nemesis, 87, 107, 137, 192, 194–5, 145–7, 167, 173, 178, 183, 192, 200, 300 230, 232–3, 238, 244, 247–8, 293–4, neo-mythologisms, 11, 454, 461, 466, 308, 312 , 314 –16, 318 –19, 323–4, 348, 468, 473–4, 476 433, 441, 454, 472–3 Neoplatonism, 144, 411 Odyssey, 2, 20, 24, 33, 36, 52–4, 57, 59, Neoptolemos, 291 62, 69–82, 105, 138–9, 145–7, 167, Neoptolemus, 173, 186, 324 178, 192, 197, 212, 221, 223, 230, Nephelococcygia, 199, 207 237–8, 250, 260, 308, 311 –15 , 317 –18, Neptune, 378 321, 324, 335, 346, 357–8, 379, 418, Nereids, 35–6, 87, 268–9 454, 471–2 Nereus, 87, 268 Oedipus, 166, 172, 183, 185–6, 208, 271, Neriglissar, 127 309, 321, 337, 441, 446, 459, 470 Nesiotes, 288, 345 Oedipus at Colonus, 172, 31 0 , 470 Nessus, 290 Oedipus Rex, 469 Nestor, 24, 54–5, 199 Oedipus Tyrannus, 167, 172, 174, 182, 185 Netherworld, 89–90, 93, 96–7, 99, 101; Oenoe, 248 see also Underworld Oenopion, 258 New Comedy, 190 Ogygia, 312 New Testament, 426 Ohrmazd, 115–16, 129, 131 Nicaenetus, 247 Oinomaus, 297 Nicander, 247–8, 358, 368 Okeanos, 74; see also Oceanus Nicias, 193 Old Comedy, 4, 190–2, 194–5, 198, 203, Nike, 290, 301–2 208 NINURTA, 94 Old English, 141 Niobe, 195, 373, 446 Old Man of the Sea, 87 Niobids, 300 Old Testament, 9, 109, 126, 412 Niobos, 195 Olivier, Laurence, 457 Noah, 9, 413 Olympia, 296–8, 300, 340 Nonnus, 176 Olympian Odes, 50, 59–61, 311 , 320 noos, 75–6, 78–9 Olympians, 73, 89, 97, 101, 122, 179, nostos, 67–70, 72–3, 75–9 192, 292, 295, 300, 31 0 , 375, 431, 457, Notus, 88, 90 466

527

Index

Olympias, 350 Paine, Thomas, 433 Olympic Games, 50, 243 painters, 286–8, 291–3, 296, 298, 317 , Olynthus, 249 319 , 322–4, 408, 429, 434, 454 “On a Stupendous Leg of Granite,” palaia, 259 432 Palamedes, 219 On Imitation, 42 Palamedes, 196 On the Content of Virgil, 417 Palamon, 411 “On the Nymph Complaining for the Palatine, 356, 368–9, 374, 376 Death of her Fawn,” 427 Palestine, 126 On Virgil’s Aeneid, 417 Paliki, 80 oral poetry, 1–2, 19, 52–3, 82, 91 palinodes, 60, 218, 224, 227, 449 oral tradition, 81 Pallas (Athena), 385, 416 Orchomenus, 275 Pallas (Athenian king), 258 Oreithyia, 213, 227, 301, 316 , 327 Pallas (Titan), 88 Oresteia, 178–9, 185, 443 Pan, 227, 238, 313 –14, 326, 436 Orestes, 171, 179, 192, 200, 333–4, 336, Panathenaea, 193 361 Panathenaia, 8, 20, 45, 47, 267, 301, 339, Orestes, 184, 197, 221 345 Orfeu Negro, 474 Panathenaicus, 350 orientalization, 8, 46, 348 Pan. d.avas, 116–17 orientalizing, 3, 47–8, 92 Pandion, 194 Orion, 73 Pandora, 89, 106, 120, 123, 177, 300, Orlando Furioso, 416, 422 383–5, 395 Ornithogonia, 248, 358 Pandu, 116 Oromazes, 129 Panhellenism, 40, 48, 84, 194, 241, 252, Orphee´ , 473 260, 276, 287, 294, 338, 349–50 Orpheus, 9, 16, 85, 104, 359–60, 413, Pantalces, 313 473–4, 476 Pantheon, 428 Orphism, 85, 198, 233, 319 Panyassis, 245 Orthus, 87, 90, 290 Paphlagonia, 204–5 Osborne, John, 444 Paradise Lost, 410, 431 Ossian poems, 429 Paradiso, 214, 231, 413 Otus, 225 paradoxography, 6, 238–9, 241, 247, 249, outidanos, 72 251 Outis, 71–2, 79 Parilia, 371 Ovid, 8–10, 133, 355–8, 360–1, 363, Paris, 4, 60, 167, 190–1, 290, 321, 346, 365–71, 373–9, 388–9, 397, 410–11, 361, 408, 457, 459–60 413–14, 416, 419–20, 426, 429, 441–2, Parker, Dorothy, 402 446, 448–51 Parmenides, 22, 224 Ovide Moralise´, 410, 419 parodos, 280 Ovidius Moralizatus, 414, 419 parody, 4, 191, 193–4, 196–8, 202, “Ozymandias,” 432 448 parole, 333 Paean, 36, 276, 277 Parry, Adam, 53 paeans, 37, 50, 260, 268–9, 275–8 Parry, Milman, 52–3 Paestum, 220 partheneion, 50 Pagasae, 169 Parthenius of Nicaea, 245–6, 249, 251, Pahlavi, 115, 129, 131, 133 358

528

Index

Parthenon, 287, 292, 298, 300, 326, 340, Periphetes, 288 349 Persephone, 90, 203, 263–7, 301, 316 , Parthenos, 133, 281, 298, 300, 394 375, 402, 473–4; see also Proserpina Pasiphae, 195, 361, 398 Perses, 105–6, 109, 123, 148–9 Pasolini, Pier Paolo, 470 Perses (Titan), 88 pastoralists, 119; see also herders, Perseus, 295, 301, 331, 337, 366, 373, 394, shepherds 471 Pastrone, Giovanni, 464 Persia, 46, 125–7, 129, 134, 298, 339, Pater, Walter, 438, 440 348–50 Patroclus, 147, 294, 459; see also Patroklos Persian, 126 Patroklees¯ , 65, 68 Persian Wars, 8, 177, 207, 242, 267, 270, Patroklos, 31 , 33–4, 37, 57, 61, 64–9; see 279, 288, 296, 298, 301, 348 also Patroclus Persians, 47, 125–7, 206, 243, 288, 296, Paulin, Tom, 445 298–9, 338, 344, 349, 351 Pausanias, 7, 23, 60, 88, 238, 262, 278, Petersen, Wolfgang, 11, 457, 459, 461 309, 315 , 319 , 327–8, 331–4, 337, 339 Petrarch (Francesco Petrarca), 408, 413 Peacham, Henry, 417 Phaeacia, 169, 232, 315 –16 Pegasus, 87, 213, 290, 373 Phaeacians, 76, 79, 139, 145–7, 312 , 315 Peisetaerus, 198–9, 207 Phaedo, 215, 269 Pelasgus, 172 Phaedo, 23, 211, 214–15 , 222, 227, 231, Peleus, 199, 293, 361, 366 320 Peleus, 356 Phaedra, 167, 182, 194, 247, 261, 357, Pelias, 16–17, 168–9, 294 361, 398 Peloponnesian League, 335 Phaedra, 357 Peloponnesian Peninsula, 8, 238, 314 , Phaedrus, 212–14, 216, 218–20, 224, 226, 333–7, 339, 350 327 Peloponnesian Wars, 193, 211, 261, 280, Phaedrus, 60, 212–15 , 218–20, 222, 224, 289, 299 226–7, 232, 31 0 , 316 , 326 Peloponnesians, 270, 280 Phaenomena, 133, 245 Pelops, 50, 221, 297, 366 Phaethon, 366, 374 penates, 369 Phaon, 41, 413 Penelope, 74, 238, 247, 302, 357–8, 378, Pharmacea, 213 402, 472 Pharsalus, 313 Penia, 226 phem¯ e¯, 79 Penthesilea, 296 Pheraios, Rigas, 351 Pentheus, 47, 175–6, 182, 294, 321, 366 Pherecrates, 194, 197 Peparethus, 257 Pherecydes, 242–5, 281 pepla, 453 Phidias, 298, 342 peplos (of Athena), 301 Philaeus, 243 peplums, 453, 456, 458, 471 Philemon, 190, 366 performance, 2–6, 19–25, 27–8, 38–41, Philip II of Macedon, 350 43–5, 48–51, 53–4, 61, 63, 71, 84, 86, Philo, 102–4 139, 149, 238, 261–2, 265–6, 268–73, Philocleon, 205–6 276–8, 281, 332, 350 Philoctetes, 186 Pergamon, 293, 327 Philoctetes, 172, 197 Pergamum, 237 Philodamus, 275–8 Pericles, 191, 193, 267, 341–2 Philomela, 441 Peripatetic monographs, 246 philomythos, 211

529

Index

philos (plural, philoi), 49, 64–6, Poetics, 38, 42 144–8 poets, 2, 5, 9, 11–12, 19, 21–3, 38, 45–7, Philosopher, 220 49–50, 52, 57, 60, 84, 91, 103–4, 138, philosophers, 5, 144, 210–13, 219, 226, 177, 191, 205, 210, 213, 218, 229, 230, 232, 237, 31 0 , 412 245–6, 251, 260, 286, 305–7, 326, 356, philosophia, 226 359, 372–3, 377, 397, 408, 412, 416, philosophos, 211 429–30, 434, 438, 444, 447, 454, 461, philosophy, 219, 222 475 Philostratus, 311 , 326 Policraticus, 418 philotes¯ , 145, 147 Polion, 292 philoxenos, 145–6 polis, 5, 7, 42, 173–4, 201, 208, 213, 287, philtatos, 64–5 289, 331, 343, 346 Philyllius, 194 politics, 4, 6–8, 24, 27, 40, 42, 47, 104, Phlegon of Tralles, 239–41, 247, 252 131–2, 166, 173, 193, 200, 203, 208, Phoebe, 87–8 218, 229, 242, 259–62, 270, 279, 281, Phoebus, 240, 369 287–8, 298–300, 309, 331–3, 336, 344, Phoenicia, 3, 102–4, 219 346, 349–51, 355–6, 361–3, 367–71, Phoenician History, 103 374, 376–7, 391, 401, 427, 469 Phoenician Women (by Aristophanes), 194, poluphemos¯ , 79 196 Polus, 230 Phoenician Women (by Strattis), 197 Polycrates, 46–8, 243 Phoenicians, 102, 104, 270, 447 Polygnotus, 315 , 319 Phoenissae (by Euripides), 321 Polyidus, 196, 320 Phoenix, 55–7, 63–8 Polyidus, 194, 196 Pholus, 195, 290 Polymetis, 428 Phorcys, 87, 121 Polynices, 172, 182, 337, 411 Photius, 239, 243–4, 249 Polyphemus, 62, 71, 73, 78, 146, 294, Phrygians, 348 314 –15 , 473 Phye, 339 Polyxena, 294 Phyllis, 361 Pontus, 86–7, 101 Physics, 325 Ponus, 87 Pieria, 275, 278 Pope, Alexander, 10, 426, 428, 434, Pierides, 375 441 Pierus, 375 Poros, 226 Pindar, 2, 19, 22, 36, 48–50, 58–61, 63, Poseidon, 16, 76, 88, 90–1, 173, 177–8, 66–7, 72, 168–9, 177, 238, 242, 245, 184, 224, 230, 240, 250, 262, 267, 270, 260, 272–4, 311 , 320, 333, 348, 389 316 , 343, 446 Pisistratids, 338–41, 343–4 Postclassical period, 22–3 Pisistratus, 8, 300, 339, 342–5, 351 Post-Renaissance literature, 10, 440 Plato, 4, 23, 47, 60, 67, 211–16, 218–22, pothos, 225 224–5, 227–34, 269, 305, 31 0 , 314 , 316 , potnia theron, 290 320, 326, 356, 401, 409, 411, 422 Pound, Ezra, 10, 426, 441, 443, 445 Plautus, 190 pragmata, 207 Plutarch, 26, 129, 267, 279 prayer, 27–8, 32, 39, 40, 54, 227, 266, Pluti, 193 275, 277–8, 450 Pluto, 230, 316 , 367 Pre’, 112 Plutus, 193 Precepts of Chiron, 105 Poe, Edgar Allan, 443 Presocratics, 228

530

Index

Priam, 138, 167, 174, 199, 249, 291, 322, Pythagoreanism, 429 324, 346, 408 Pythagoreans, 215 Priapus, 436 Pythia, 277, 470 priestly class, 117, 135 Pythian games, 243, 272, 274, 277–8 priestly function, 119 Pythian Odes, 72, 168–9, 272–4, primeval giant, 130–1, 135, 149 333 Proagon, 195 Pytho, 88 Proclus, 144 Procrustes, 287, 338 Quarles, Frances, 412 profane (vs. sacred), 43 Qumran, 125–6 Progymnasmata, 356 promanteia, 275 Rabanus, Maurus, 413 Prometheus, 88, 106, 123, 177–8, 204, Ram¯ ayan¯ . a, 116 216–17, 219, 230, 241, 300, 364, 385, rape, 135, 167, 180, 197, 203, 265, 300–1, 430–1, 471 316 , 343, 360, 363, 367, 369–71, 375, Prometheus Bound, 175, 178–9, 230, 377, 398, 444 430 Rape of the Sabine Women, 371 Prometheus Unbound, 430–1 “Ravenna,” 440 Pronoea, 241 recitation, 20 Propertius, 360–1 red-ﬁgure painting, 45, 211, 291, 295, prophecy, 12, 54, 79, 107, 113–14, 116, 298, 301–2, 315 –17, 324, 338, 342, 132–3, 141–4, 147–8, 194, 227, 272, 345 313 , 376 Reeves, Steve, 464 prophets, 17, 115, 126, 136, 233 religion, 4, 6, 115, 119, 129, 131, 136, 180, Propylaea, 315 185, 203, 259, 369, 426; see also Greek Prose Edda, 130 religion Proserpina, 367; see also Persephone Remedia Amoris, 361 Protagoras, 216–17 Remus, 347, 371 Protagoras, 215–16, 218–20, 222, Renaissance literature, 9, 428 230 Renault, Mary, 446 Proteus, 312 , 373, 466 Republic, 23, 212–15 , 219, 222, 228–33, Proto-Indo-Europeans, 82, 118–19; see 305, 401, 409 also Indo-Europeans Rhadamanthus, 215 Proto-Indo-Iranians, 137; see also Rhadamanthys, 230, 232 Indo-Iranians Rhamnus, 300 Proverbs, 3, 109–11 rhapsodes, 20, 48, 260, 264, 266 proxenia, 275 Rhea, 86, 88, 95 Pseudea, 87 Rhesus, 249 psukhe¯, 74–5, 80 rhetoric, 42, 66, 182, 200, 218, 226, 230, Psyche, 401 361 Ptolemies, 112 Rhetoric, 44 Purus.a, 130–2 Rhetorica ad Herennium, 356 Puttenham, George, 409 Rich, Adrienne, 401 Pygmalion, 374, 434–5, 447–8 Rig Veda, 128, 130–1 Pygmalion et Galathee´ , 453 ritual, 2, 6, 8, 19, 28, 31 –2, 34–5, 40, 45, Pylos, 343, 345 53, 72, 134, 136, 149–50, 172, 175, 181, Pyramus, 366, 412 184, 259–62, 264–70, 272–9, 281, 292, Pyrrha, 241, 365, 373 301, 328, 356–7, 392, 395

531

Index

rituals, 2, 24, 27–8, 34, 50, 58, 251, 349, Scheria, 315 392–3 scholia, 24–5, 61, 144, 221, 242, 245, River, 101, 447 250–1 Rochester, John Wilmot, 427 Scholiast to Lycophron, 334 Roman frescoes, 308 Sciron, 287–8, 338 Roman period, 306, 331, 337 sculptors, 286, 288, 454 Romance of the Rose, 412 Scylla, 361, 373; see also Skylla romanitas, 367, 369, 371 Scythians, 347 Romanticism, 429 Sea, 101 Rome, 8, 246, 306, 308, 331, 346–7, second function, 119, 121, 131, 143, 147 355–6, 360, 362, 364, 367–70, 377–9, seers, 75, 117, 130, 182, 185, 194, 297, 399–400, 426, 432, 435, 446 320 Romulus, 347, 355–6, 369, 371 Selanna, 41 Room at the Top, 444 Selene, 41, 87, 225, 292, 300 Ross, Alexander, 416, 418, 421 Seleucids, 125 Rossi, Franco, 471, 473 Semele, 204, 275, 367 .rta, 129 Semitic, 102, 126, 132 Runaways, 193–4 Semonides, 22 Ruskin, John, 435, 444 Seneca, 366 Rycroft Painter, 323 Sennacherib, 112 Sertapˇ ˇsuruhi, 95–6 Sabines, 363, 371 Servius, 388˘ –9, 410 sacred (vs. profane), 43 Seven against Thebes, 107, 115, 194, 293, sacred groves, 229 337–8, 351 sacred moment, 40 sexuality, 33, 179–80, 191, 193, 203, 206, sacred space, 24–7, 40, 43–6, 202 221, 316 , 361, 366, 393, 395, 426–7, Salamis, 242, 440 439, 441 Salmacis, 450 Shakespeare, William, 10, 408–10, 412, Samaˇ ˇs, 111 419, 426, 428, 430, 449–50 Samos, 46–8, 238 Shelley, Mary, 431 Sanchuniathon, 102–3 Shelley, Percy Bysshe, 430–2, 443 Sandys, George, 410, 413, 416, 420 Shepheardes Calender, 413 Sanskrit, 116, 129, 141 shepherds, 279; see also herders, Santorini, 271 pastoralists “Sapho and Phao,” 413 Shield of Heracles, 84, 151 Sappho, 2, 22–33, 35–48, 53, 260, 346, Sicily, 48, 347 393, 402, 413 Sicon, 197 Sargossa Sea, 224 Sigurðr, 123 Sarmatian, 377 Silver, 95–6, 98 Saturn, 221–2, 413, 415 silver age/genos, 106, 115, 121–2, 133–4, Saturnalia, 422 141, 143 satyrs, 191–2, 290–2, 322, 430, 436 Silvia, 371 Sauˇ ˇska, 94–5 similes, 61–2, 120, 239, 374 Scaean Gate, 218 Simmias, 215, 228–9 Scamander, 326 Simonides, 22–3, 48, 245 Scamander River, 325 Sin, 125 Scandinavia, 123, 130 singers, 20, 22, 25, 27, 38–9, 44–5, 49, Scarphea, 275 69, 79, 218, 274, 359, 409

532

Index

Sinis, 287, 338 Spintharus, 197 Sirens, 70, 78, 233, 290, 292, 302 Staphylus, 258 Siris, 347 Star Wars, 438 Sisyphus, 230, 360, 471 Starkaðr, 123 Sithonia, 249 Statesman, 211–12, 215–17, 220–2 Skendˇ Guman¯ ¯ıg Vizar¯ , 131 Statius, 389, 410, 421 skene, 174, 229 Stesichorus, 22, 48, 60, 333, 347, 449 Skylla, 290; see also Scylla Sthenelus, 334, 336 slave class, 117 Stiˇc o golubinoj knig, 131 Slavic, 130 Stoa Poikile, 298, 349 Smith, Horace, 432, 443 Stoics, 364, 412 social classes, 133, 135–6, 142 Strabo, 211 Socrates, 5, 210–20, 222–33, 269, 305–6, Strattis, 196 31 0 , 326–7 Strymon, 249 Solon, 22, 222–3, 267 Sturluson, Snorri, 130 song, 16, 20–2, 24, 26–39, 41–4, 46, Stymphalian birds, 295, 297 48–50, 56, 58, 60–1, 65–6, 69–70, 73, Styx, 88–9, 471 78, 86, 94–5, 261, 266–70, 274–6, Subˇ ˇsi-meˇsre-Sakkan,ˇ 139 278, 280, 311 , 359–60, 375, 409, 442 succession myths, 88–90, 92, 95, 204 Song of Kumarbi, 93, 95 ´sudra class, 117, 130–1, 135, 142 Song of LAMMA, 93–4 Suetonius, 368 Song of Hedammu, 93, 95 suicide, 58, 167, 173, 183, 194, 197, 270, Song of Silver, 93, 95 296–7, 31 0 , 323 “Song of the Exposition,” 433 Sudkar¯ Nask, 115 Song of Ullikummi, 93–5, 97 Sumer, 95, 108, 110, 118 sophia, 226 Sumerians, 108 Sophist, 220 Sun God of the Sky, 94 sophistes, 216–18 Suppliant Maidens, 172 sophists, 220, 230 Swinburne, Algernon, 437, 446 Sophocles, 167, 172, 177, 181–2, 185, symmetry (poetic), 42–5 197, 204, 248, 31 0 , 323, 326, 336, 449, symposium, 22, 42–7, 206, 289, 292 469–70 Symposium, 67, 215–16, 218, 223–7 Sosia, 190 sympotic poetry, 45–7, 61 so¯ˇsyants, 116 Synoikia, 344 Sotades Painter, 320–1 Syracuse, 223, 338 Sow of Crommyon, 338, 342 Syria, 347 Spənta Mainyu, 129 Syria-Palestine, 92, 104 Sparta, 8, 26, 40, 47–8, 60, 191, Syrinx, 436 198–200, 238, 271–4, 282, 312 , 325, 333–8, 340, 343, 345, 349, 351, 438, Taautos, 102 445, 448 Tables of Illustrious Persons in Every Branch Spartans, 198, 295, 333–7, 345, of Learning Together with a List of their 350–1 Works, 237 speech-acts, 2, 54, 57, 61 Tablets of Fate, 99–100 Spence, Joseph, 428 Tales from Ovid, 448 Spenser, Edmund, 408–10, 412–13, Talos, 462–3 418–19 Tanglewood Tales, 11–12, 16, 257 Sphinx, 87, 167, 290 Tantalus, 230, 360, 373, 471

533

Index

Tartarus, 86, 89, 97, 100, 107, 193, 205, Thebes, 17, 167, 172, 174, 186, 215, 215, 228–30, 233, 360, 471 228–9, 273–6, 311 , 321, 337, 346, 373, Taˇsmiˇsu, 93–4, 96 411, 466, 468 technology, 62, 134, 459, 471, 473 Thebes (in Egypt), 218–19 Tegea, 333, 335–6 Theia, 86–7 Tegeans, 333, 335 Themis, 87, 90, 301 Teiresias, 75; see also Tiresias Themistocles, 267 Telecleides, 194 Theocritus, 306, 325, 389 Telemachus, 473 Theognis, 22, 46, 61, 75, 140–1, 150 Telemakhos, 70 theogonie¯, 85 Telephos, 294 theogony, 85–6, 101–4 Telephus, 199–201, 327 Theogony, 3, 60, 62, 84–6, 89, 91–2, Telephus, 196, 202 96–8, 100–2, 105–6, 120–2, 138, 144, Tema, 125 149, 151 , 176, 178, 221, 229, 244, 311 , temenos, 25 316 –17, 358 temporal cyclicity, 148, 233 Theophrastus, 323 Tereus, 361, 366 Theopompus, 194 Terpander, 47–8 theoria¯ , 269 Terpsichore, 219 theoudes¯ , 145–6 Tess of the d’Urbervilles, 436 Theoxenia, 275–8 Te ˇsˇsub, 92–8, 100, 104 Thera, 81, 271–4, 307–8 Tessari, Duccio, 455, 461, 464, 468 Therapne, 334 Tethys, 87 Theras, 271, 274 Thalamae, 346 Thermopylae, 440 Thamus, 214, 218–19 Theseum, 298 Thanatos, 89, 224 Theseus, 7–9, 166, 169, 173, 179, 186, Thaumas, 87 193–4, 205, 245, 247, 255–8, 262, 267, “The Author of ‘Beltrafﬁo,’” 439 269–70, 287–92, 295, 298–9, 301, The Divine Comedy, 410 337–9, 341–5, 366, 411, 413, 446, 473 The Excursion, 430 Thesmophoria, 4, 202–3 The Faerie Queene, 409, 412 Thesmophoriazusae, 4, 196, 199, 202 The Heron and the Turtle, 108 Thessalos, 343 The Instructions of Suruppagˇ , 110 Thessaly, 271–2, 343 “The Knight’s Tale,” 411 Thetis, 35–6, 68, 91, 169, 184, 199, 293, The Long Night, 190 302, 361, 430–1, 458 The Madness of Heracles, 167, 175 Thetis, 356 “The Other Kingdom,” 439 Theuth, 214, 218, 219 The Peloponnesian War, 210 third function, 119, 121, 123, 131, 143, The Sorrows of Young Werther, 429 148, 150 “The Wanderer,” 432 Thisbe, 412 The Waste Land, 441, 447–8 Thoas, 257 “The Wife of Bath’s Tale,” 412 Thoth, 102 The Winter’s Tale, 412, 450 Thourios, 351 The World’s Wife, 448–9 Thrace, 195, 216, 348 Theaetetus, 220 Thracians, 249, 347 theater, 43, 47–8, 166, 262, 280, 412, 459 Thucydides, 5, 24, 198, 210, 243, 266, Thebaid, 421 269–70, 344, 347 Thebais, 337 Thurii, 193

534

Index

Thyestes, 196, 221, 356 Trojan War, 4, 79, 81, 102, 107, 115, 242, Thyiades, 278 244, 274, 291, 294, 296, 302, 312 , 329, Thymoetes, 345 348, 366, 458, 460 Thyone, 275 Trojan Women, 173, 184 thyrsus, 291 Trojans, 8, 62, 200, 218, 273, 346–9, Tiamat, 99–100 351–2, 458, 460 Tiberius, 370 Troy, 4, 11, 24–5, 33–4, 56, 62, 67–8, Tibullus, 376 70–3, 75, 77–9, 138, 147, 167, 173–4, Tigris River, 93, 96, 100 185, 191–2, 199, 244, 249, 273–4, 291, Timaeus, 220, 222 301, 308, 321, 323–6, 333, 335, 346–8, Timaeus, 220, 222–3, 229, 356 350, 370, 378–9, 433, 446, 449, 453, Timaeus/Critias, 215–16, 220, 222–4 457–60 Timon, 198 truth, 2, 5, 50, 58–60, 72, 103, 105, 117, Timonassa, 342 129, 137, 176, 183, 186, 211, 222, 232, Tiresias, 182, 318 , 366–7, 472; see also 332, 356, 359, 372–6, 415, 423, 428, Teiresias 438 Tiryns, 337 Twelfth Night, 409 Tisamenus, 334 Tydeus, 293, 337 Titanomachy, 89–90, 103, 204 Typhoeus, 89–90, 97–8, 101, 204; see also Titans, 86–90, 96, 98, 101, 122, 178, 193, Typhon 214, 431, 466 Typhon, 97–8, 214; see also Typhoeus Tithonos, 41 Tyrannicides, 288–9, 340, 345 Tithonus, 301 Tyrimmas, 247 Titian (Tiziano Vecellio), 410 Tyrrhenian pirates, 293 Titus Andronicus, 441 Tyrtaeus, 22, 35, 335 Tityos, 373 Tityus, 230, 360 Ubelluri, 93–4, 96–7 Tmolus, 374 Ugaritic, 102 Tomis, 369, 377 Ulisse, 464 Tooke, Andrew, 428 Ullikummi, 93–8 topia, 306 Ulysses, 357, 377–8 Toth, 218 Ulysses, 441 Trachiniae, 326; see also Women of Trachis underworld, 97, 228, 230 tragedians, 12, 169, 177, 184–5, 197, 202, Underworld, 7, 212, 229, 232, 31 0 –11, 237, 244–5, 355, 366, 431 316 , 318 –20, 322, 471, 476; see also tragedy, 3, 166–7, 169, 171–2, 174–8, Netherworld 181–2, 185–7, 194, 196, 198–203, 227, Urania, 219 260–1, 278–81, 309–10, 313 , 316 , 319 , Uranus, 86–8, 90, 92, 95, 97–8, 100, 336, 352, 366, 431, 436, 438, 444, 102–4, 204, 213, 221, 466–7 469–70, 476 Urea, 86 tretayuga¯ , 117 Uˇsedar,¯ 116 tripartite ideology, 119, 124, 148, 150 Uˇsedarmah,¯ 116 tripartition, 119, 124, 150 Triptolemus, 194, 263, 366 Vahman Yaˇst, 115–16, 136 Tristia, 357–8, 361, 376–9 vai´sya class, 117, 130, 135–6 Triton, 290 Varius, 356 Troezen, 262, 282, 338, 341–2 varn. as, 130, 134, 142 Trojan Horse, 71, 244, 302 Var ro, 356

535

Index

Var un. a, 128–9 Woolf, Virginia, 398 Vatican Mythographer, 389 Words of Ahiqar, 112 Vedas, 117, 128–31 , 135 Wordsworth, William, 430, 444 Velia, 212, 220 worker class, 117 Velleius, 363 worker function, 119 Venus, 41, 355–6, 359, 361, 370–1, 408, Works and Days, 3, 84–5, 89, 105–12, 411–12, 436, 450 116, 118, 120–4, 128, 133, 137, 139, Venus and Adonis, 428, 450 141, 143, 148–9, 151 , 177, 212, 221, Verae Historiae, 311 , 320 31 0 , 320, 358, 386 Vergil, 347; see also Virgil writing, 23, 81, 102, 218–19, 247 Vernant, Jean-Pierre, 3, 35, 119, 121–3, Wuthering Heights, 437 143, 186, 395 Vesta, 369 Xanthus River, 325 Vestal Virgins, 399–401 Xena: Warrior Princess, 453 Vestalia, 371 xenia, 276 Vestals, 399–400 xenodokos, 144, 146 Vi, 17, 20 Xenophanes, 22, 47, 213, 347 Virgil, 356–7, 359–60, 376–7, 379, 410, xenos, 49, 144–6 413, 415, 417–18, 426, 429, 433; see Xerxes, 280, 350 also Vergil Xuthus, 280 Virgo, 133 Vis.n. u, 116–17, 130 Ymir, 130 Yudhis.t.hira, 117, 130 warp and woof, 84, 150 yugas, 116–17, 130, 132, 142 warrior class, 117, 135 warrior function, 119 Zarathuˇstra, 115, 129, 148 Wasps, 205 Zarduˇst, 115–16, 131, 134, 136 weaving, 5, 26, 84, 150 , 222 Zechariah, 127 West Semitic, 102 Zelos, 106–7, 120, 137 Wheatley, Phillis, 447 Zephyr, 408 white-ground painting, 320–2, 324 Zephyrus, 88, 90, 301 Whitman, Walt, 433–4, 436, 439, 446 Zethus, 229 Wilde, Oscar, 440 Zeus, 24, 26, 44, 61–2, 72, 86, 88–92, Williams College, 12 95–8, 100, 103–7, 120, 122–3, 128–9, Williams, Tennessee, 444 137–9, 143, 146, 173, 177–8, 181, Willing, Nick, 462 192–3, 195, 204, 216–17, 219, 221–3, wisdom literature, 109–11, 113; see also 225, 230, 240, 243, 250, 263, 268, didactic literature 274–5, 293, 296–302, 316 –17, 327, Wisdoms Conquest, or, An explanation 334, 337, 340–1, 385–6, 430–1, 457–8, and...Translation of the thirteenth Book 461, 475 of Ovids Metamorphoses, 410 Zopyrus Ablaze, 197 Wise, Robert, 459 Zoroaster, 129 Women of Trachis, 181; see also Trachiniae Zoroastrianism, 115–16, 124, 127, 129, Wood, Robert, 429 134–6, 148

536