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2016 Research Abstracts CHEMISTRY Fiscal year 2016 research abstracts College of Arts and Sciences – FY2016 Research Abstracts CHEMISTRY A Nanostructured Energy Harvesting and Storage System for Space and Terrestrial Applications The ultimate goal of the proposed research is the final fabrication and characterization of a nanostructured photovoltaic system connected to nanostructured batteries in order to form a novel, self-sustaining energy storage system. Sponsor: National Aeronautics and Space Administration PI/PDs: Allen Apblett, Nick Materer Calcium Chloride (CaCl2 )Prilling – USP Crystals Magnesium Products and Dr. Apblett in the Department of Chemistry at Oklahoma State University, will plan, design, test and optimize a process to produce highly purified, pharmaceutical grade magnesium chloride from impure magnesium chloride brines. Sponsor: Oklahoma Center for Advancement of Science and Technology PI/PD: Allen Apblett Development of Nanoparticulate Vanadium Bronzes for Detection of Peroxides and Improvised Explosives Explosives pose a deadly risk as a consequence of intentional use by terrorists and accidental detonation resulting from mishandling of explosives, discharge of unexploded ordinance, or even buildup of peroxides in otherwise safe solvents. While there are a large number of sensor technologies for explosives, there is a significant shortfall in ones that can detect improvised explosives such as peroxide-based explosives. Materials that react with these types of explosives to give a dramatic change in color are being used to develop sensor technologies that can protect our society from the threat of explosives. Sponsor: King Saud University PI/PDs: Allen Apblett, Nick Materer Selective Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Propane to Propylene over Metal Molybdate and Vanadate Catalysts This project is developing a novel method for synthesizing metal molybdate catalysts from the pyrolysis of bimetallic single-source catalyst precursors. The catalysts are being tested for the oxidative dehydrogenation of propane to propylene. Sponsor: King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology PI/PD: Allen Apblett Hydrocarbon Fuels, Chemicals, and Intermediates from a Novel Biomass Pyrolysis Technology Biomass fast pyrolysis holds promise for production of hydrocarbon fuels and chemicals. However, despite recent advances, converting bio-oil (product of biomass fast pyrolysis) into usable fuels and chemicals remains a major challenge. The problems with the bio-oil are due to its high oxygen content, high acidity and instability that are results of high oxygen and low hydrogen contents of its precursor biomass. As biomass and methane have complementary compositions, use of natural gas (an abundant and cheap source of methane) in limited quantity can dramatically improve selectivity and yield of hydrocarbons. The overall goal of this project is to demonstrate a novel natural Gas and Biomass to Liquids (GBTL) technology that will synergistically use biomass and methane to directly produce liquid hydrocarbons. Sponsor: United States Department of Agriculture PI/PDs: Allen Apblett, Ajay Kumar AIR-TT: Transitioning Explosive Sensing Technology to the Marketplace This Accelerating Innovation Technology Translation project aims to develop a real-time explosive sensor that is highly selective and sensitive for peroxide-based improvised explosives and the hydrogen peroxide that is used to manufacture them. There is a major societal need and market opportunity for sensing technologies for peroxide-based improvised explosives. this need will be addressed by the targeted innovation, a sensor prototype based on technology from a past NSF project. Thus, the goal of this project) is to transition explosive sensing technology developed from the knowledge gained from a funded NSF project, Award 0731208, “EXP-SA: Development of Metal Oxide Bronzes for Detection of Military and Improvised Explosives,” into a high-reliability and selective sensor for peroxide-based improvised explosives agents and their precursors. Sponsor: National Science Foundation PI/PDs: Allen Apblett, Nick Materer Extracting the Photonic Spectrum for the Long Range Exploration of Space: A Hybrid Photovoltaic Photon Upconversion and Biological System for Energy Production and Life Support We are developing a novel biologically-based life support system to sustain long-range space travel. This system allows for increased biomass production using normally unused wavelengths in the solar electromagnetic spectrum by coupling photosynthesis with up and down conversion of photons. Cultures of microalgae will provide a source of oxygen and nutrients for manned space exploration, while simultaneously removing waste carbon dioxide Sponsor National Aeronautics and Space Administration PI/PD: Allen Apblett Derivatization of Heterocyclic Systems Related to SHetA2 This project is a joint collaboration between Dr. Doris Benbrook (OUHSC), Dr. Berlin (OSU) and Dr. Bunce (OSU). All synthetic work is performed at OSU while screening for activity is accomplished at the OUHSC. Our agent SHetA2 is entering clinical trials under Dr. Benbrook for women with ovarian cancer or who have early symptoms of possible ovarian cancer. Regarding the chemistry portion, the objectives of this project are to design specific heterocyclic systems, which have improved aqueous solubility as well as enhanced efficacy in treating ovarian cancer. It has been determined that SHetA2 binds with the heat-shock protein mortalin. Since SHetA2 has large hydrophobic regions and several small hydrophilic areas, it is imperative that construction of molecules related to SHetA2 correlate with the polar and non-polar regions in mortalin. It is anticipated that creating small fragments of SHetA2 will reveal the activity centers and allow smaller units to be identified for facile synthesis on a large scale. Sponsor: Stephensen Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK PI/PDs: K. D. Berlin and R. A. Bunce Copolymers and Plasticized Polymers at Interfaces We are focused on determining the behavior of copolymers and plasticized polymers adsorbed on the surfaces of particles and on the development of nanocomposites where the interaction of the polymer with the particles is critical to their use in different applications. Polymers adsorbed at interfaces have properties that are altered compared to those in bulk. Their characterization is often difficult and sometimes impossible to determine with many techniques, as most of the interfacial polymer systems are opaque. A variety of techniques, including, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and also modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC), and Fourier-transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR) will be used to understand the behavior of these important interfacial systems. Sponsor: National Science Foundation PI/PD: Frank D. Blum Chemical tools for perturbing iron homeostasis in P. aeruginosa This is a collaborative project, between OSU and KU, to develop compounds that will inhibit Fe2+ release from the iron storage protein bacterioferritin in bacteria. The compounds will work by blocking the site on bacterioferritin that binds a protein needed to transfer of an electron from ferridoxin reductase into the bacterioferritin protein, which contains Fe in its 3+ oxidation state. This prevents reduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+ depriving the bacteria of the Fe2+ it needs for normal metabolism. The synthesis work is being done at OSU while the biological studies are being done at KU. Sponsor: National Institutes of Health PI/PDs: M. Rivera (KU) and R. A. Bunce (OSU), Period: 7/1/16-6/30/21. Exploring the Physical Chemistry of the Catalysis-Based All-Vapor Instant Formation of Gas Hydrates The project addresses basic physics and chemistry of gas hydrates; i.e., small molecules such as carbon dioxide and methane trapped in cages within a water lattice. Gas hydrate formation, typically from ice or liquid water, has been so slow as to discourage study or use. Here, the slow step is avoided by using a novel all-vapor method with guest molecules fully premixed with water vapor. When a molecular catalyst is included, the result is solid hydrate formation on a micro-second timescale. The research focuses on optimizing the catalytic action. Sponsor: National Science Foundation PI/PD: Paul Devlin Strategies for Targeting Sub-Glycoproteomics The proposed research project entails the development of a liquid phase-based platform for facilitating the inherently challenging measurements involved in glycoproteomics. The platform is aimed at profiling of aberrantly fucosylated glycoproteins, which are indicative of cancers. After developing, characterizing and optimizing the multistage platform, we will demonstrate its effectiveness in the accurate and reproducible differential quantitative analysis of sub- glycoproteomics by coupled chromatography and mass spectrometry. The success in differential sub-glycoproteomics measurements between healthy and diseased states will certainly have significant clinical diagnostic potential. Sponsor: National Institute of Health PI/PD: Ziad El Rassi Modeling Aqueous Solvation in Biology Researchers cannot yet reliably compute protein aggregation, solubilities, solution viscosities, Hofmeister effects, nor can they yet rationally design solution formulations that prevent the precipitation of biologicals, or design optimal conditions for protein crystallization. This project will tackle these issues with both theory and experiments, improving our understanding of protein interactions and aggregation in a variety
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