DOCSLIB.ORG

Food Preferences of Antelope and Domestic Sheep in Wyomin& Red

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Food Preferences of Antelope and Domestic Sheep in Wyomin& Red FALL FERTILIZATION 21 termediate wheatgrass. J. Range MILLAR, C. E., L. M. TURK, AND H. D. wheatgrass, bromegrass, and Rus- Manage. 18: 7-11. FOTH. 1958. Fundamentals of soil sian wildrye as influenced by fer- KAY, B. L., J. E. STREET,AND C. W. science. Ed. 3. John Wiley and tilization. J. Range Manage. 13: RIMBEY. 1957. Nitrogen carryover Sons, Inc., New York. 526 p. 243-246. on sagebrush range. Calif. Agr. 11 NELSON,WERNER L. 1965. Beat a wet SNEVA, FORRESTA., D. N. HYDER,AND (10) : 5,lO. spring . fertilize this fall. Better C. S. COOPER. 1958. The influence KRESGE, C. B. 1965. Response of Crops with Plant Food XLIX (4) : of ammonium nitrate on the orchardgrass to fall and spring ap- 24-29. growthand yield of crested wheat- plied nitrogen. Agron. J. 57: 390- ROGLER,G. A., ANDR. J. LORENZ.1957. grass on the Oregon High Desert. 393. Nitrogen fertilization of Northern Agron. J. 50: 40-44. LEVEN,A. A., ANDH. E. DREGNE.1963. Great Plains rangelands. J. Range THOMAS, JAMES R. 1964. Interrela- Productivity of Zuni Mountain Manage. 10: 156-160. tionships of nitrogen, phosphorus forest soils. New Mexico Agr. Exp. RUSSELL, E. J., AND E. W. RUSSELL. and seasonal precipitation in the Sta. Bull. 469. 1950. Soil conditions and plant production of bromegrass-crested LORENZ,RUSSELL J., ANDG. A. ROGLER. growth. Ed. 2. Longmans, Green, wheatgrass hay. U.S.D.A., A.R.S. 1962. A comparison of methods of and Co., New York. 635 p. Prod. Rep. 82. renovating old stands of crested SMIKA, D. E., H. J. HAAS, AND G. A. THOMPSON,LOUIS M. 1957. Soils and wheatgrass. J. Range Manage. 15: ROGLER. 1960. Yield, quality, and soil fertility. Ed. 2. McGraw-Hill, 215-219. fertilizer recovery of crested New York. 451 p. Food Preferences of Antelope and ever, stated that “. because their annual diet consists of a high pro- Domestic Sheep in Wyomin& Red Dese& portion of browse and forbs, ante- lope are in direct competition with K. E. SEVERSON’ AND M. MAY sheep, whose diet comprises the Graduate Student and Associate Professor, Plant Science same type of forage.” Buechner Division, University of Wyoming, Laramie. (1950) maintained that competition is severe on overgrazed sheep ranges because the forbs and weedy spe- Highlight ’ lope and sheep, will assist land cies preferred by antelope were elim- managers in making more pre- A food habits study, in a big sage- inated, but that it may be almost brush-grass type in Wyoming’s Red cise evaluations of management absent on properly grazed ranges. Desert, revealed very little overlap practices such as sagebrush in use of native range forage by During World War II, Wyoming pronghorn antelope and domestic spraying and game-or-stock-only went as far as to hold special hunt- sheep. Generally, sheep preferred programs. ing seasons to reduce the antelope grasses whereas antelope utilized herds in an attempt to “. re- shrubs. The information used in this discussion was obtained in a co- duce competition between domestic stock and antelope . to cope with The Red Desert region is the operative study initiated by the Bureau of Land Management, the the feed shortage for domestic stock” most important winter sheep (Allred, 1943). range in Wyoming. It is also a Wyoming Game and Fish De- Study Area and Procedures major pronghorn antelope range. partment, and the Plant Science The study area was located in the Although these two animal spe- Division of the University of Red Desert region in the south cen- cies have apparently been com- Wyoming. The primary objec- tives of the study were to deter- tral part of Wyoming north of Wam- patible in this area for several sutter. The greater portion of the mine the degree of overlap in decades, new livestock manage- observations were taken from a pas- ment practices have tended. to use of native vegetation and to ture system designed and con- focus additional attention on this determine grazing capacities of structed by the Bureau of Land Man- multiple-use region. Future man- pronghorn antelope and do- agement which consisted of six pas- agement plans include using this mestic range sheep. tures; 2 of 120 acres, stocked with area as a year-long, sheep and The degree of forage competition antelope; 2 of 120 acres, stocked with cattle range. This study, designed between these two herbivores varies sheep; and 2 of 240 acres, stocked greatly and appears to depend on to yield data on competition for with both antelope and sheep. The the geographic area, season, and the pastures were located in a uniform forage between pronghorn ante- vegetative types being used. big sagebrush community. The major Einarsen (1948) did not put too species in the study area were: big much emphasis on forage competi- 1Published with the approval of the sagebrush, Artemisia tridentata; Director, Wyoming AgricuZturaZ Ex- tion between antelope and sheep. He Douglas rabbitbrush, Chrysothamnus periment Station, as Journal Article stated that antelope preference is viscidijlorus var. pumilis; we s tern No. 289. for a wide variety of foods including wheatgrass, Agrop yron smithii; 2PresentZy Instmxtor of Range Man- most range weeds and browse plants, needleandthread, Stipa comata; In- agement, South Dakota State Uni- while sheep are more restricted in dian ricegrass, Oryzops-is hymenoides; versity, Brookings, South Dakota. their diet. Hoover et al. (1959), how- bottlebrush squirreltail, Sitanion 22 SEVERSON AND MAY h ystrix; winterfat, Eurotia lanata; Table 1. Average annual forage pro- collected over the same period in Sandberg bluegrass, Poa secunda and duction on fhe study area for 1964 1965. The excellent replication obtuse sedge, Carex obtusata. and 1965, determined by clipping demonstrated by western wheat- The methods and procedures used of 2 x 4 ff plofs. (Lb/acre, oven grass is, at best, unusual. It does, were all based on standard range dried). however, demonstrate the trend analysis methods. Percent com- Species 1964 1965 pressed crown cover and precent that will become obvious after utilization by weight of the plant Big sagebrush 147.0 266.7 examining the entire table-and species were estimated from plots Douglas rabbitbrush 89.4 88.7 that is the preference for grasses 1 x 10 ft in size. Ninety of the plots Western wheatgrass 51.6 57.2 by sheep as compared to an- were analyzed during each sample Needleandthread 19.3 21.1 telope. The trend in shrub util- period. Production was determined Indian ricegrass 14.5 19.2 ization is indicated by Douglas Bottlebrush squirrel for all species except sagebrush by rabbitbrush which was preferred tail 13.0 14.9 clipping 96 caged plots, 2 x 4 ft in more by antelope than by sheep. size. Sagebrush production was ob- Winterfat 10.0 6.7 Indian ricegrass and needleand- tained by clipping 15 plots, 4 in wide Sandberg bluegrass 3.6 7.7 thread were taken infrequently x 50 ft long, in an exclosure adjacent Obtuse sedge 3.1 8.1 Forbs T 2.6 by antelope, but were the two to the pastures. Sagebrush utiliza- -_ most important species in the tion was estimated by examining 150 Total 351.5 492.9 plants in each pasture. All sample sheep diet. Needleandthread ap- numbers were obtained by statistical peared to be more preferable analysis and all weights given are etation is fairly characteristic of than Indian ricegrass. There was oven dried weights. the entire desert, except in dis- some difference in sheep use of Under the direction of the Wyo- turbed areas where russian- these two species from 1964 to ming Game and Fish Commission, thistle (Salsola kali) and halo- 1965, notably a decrease in the two antelope and two sheep were get on (Halogeton glomeratus) use of needleandthread and in- collected for rumen samples each are found. This is the reason that month. Other data obtained from creased use of Indian ricegrass. the information obtained in Wyo- the collected animals included body, The possible reasons for these viscera and organ weights, jaws for ming doesn’t even remotely re- differences will be discussed age determinations and information semble that collected in Texas later. Sandberg bluegrass fol- on internal parasites. by Buechner (1950) or Russell’s lowed the same trend-that is, Forage Production (1964) studies in New Mexico. use to a greater extent by sheep. Forage production varied sig- In both of these areas forbs were However, both animal species nificantly between 1964 and 1965 predominant in the antelope diet used this plant heavily in the (Table 1). The most significant and in Texas, the floral composi- spring because it was the first increase was noted in the annual tion. species to exhibit green growth, production of big sagebrush, UMizafion but sheep utilized it later into from 147 lb/acre to 266.7 lb/acre. Utilization figures are given the summer. Winterfat, in the All species except Douglas rab- in pounds consumed per acre summer, was used infrequently bitbrush and winterfat demon- over a particular season and re- by sheep and not at all by an- strated some increase. The dif- lated to animal days of use. telope. ference in annual production be- Table 2 compares data gathered Big sagebrush, another impor- tween 1964 and 1965 can be ex- in the summer of 1964 with that tant species in the antelope diet, plained by variations in climate. Annual precipitation increased Table 2. Summer forage consumpfion by anielope and sheep defected by every year since 1962 when 4.5 in agronomic methods. were recorded. Five inches fell in Summer, 1964 Summer, 1965 1963, 5.5 inches in 1964 and in Antelope Sheep Antelope Sheep 1965, 6.5 in were recorded.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Amaranthaceae Pollens: Review of an Emerging Allergy in the Mediterranean Area M Villalba,1 R Barderas,1 S Mas,1 C Colás,2 E Batanero,1 R Rodríguez1
    REVIEWS Amaranthaceae Pollens: Review of an Emerging Allergy in the Mediterranean Area M Villalba,1 R Barderas,1 S Mas,1 C Colás,2 E Batanero,1 R Rodríguez1 1Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain 2Hospital Clínico Universitario "Lozano Blesa", Zaragoza, Spain Abstract The Amaranthaceae family is composed of about 180 genera and 2500 species. These common weeds have become increasingly relevant as triggers of allergy in the last few years, as they are able to rapidly colonize salty and arid soils in extensive desert areas. The genera Chenopodium, Salsola, and Amaranthus are the major sources of pollinosis from the Amaranthaceae family in southern Europe, western United States, and semidesert areas of Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and Iran. In Spain, Salsola kali is one of the most relevant causes of pollinosis, together with olive and grasses. To date, 9 Amaranthaceae pollen allergens from Chenopodium album, Salsola kali, and Amaranthus retroflexus have been described and are listed in the International Union of Immunological Societies allergen nomenclature database. The major allergens of Amaranthaceae pollen belong to the pectin methylesterase, Ole e 1–like, and profilin panallergen families, whereas the minor allergens belong to the cobalamin- independent methionine synthase and polcalcin panallergen families. These relevant allergens have been characterized physicochemically, and immunologically at different levels. Recombinant forms, allergenic fusion recombinant proteins, and hypoallergenic derivatives of these allergens have been expressed in bacteria and yeast and compared with their natural proteins from pollen. In this review, we provide an extensive overview of Amaranthaceae pollen allergens, focusing on their physicochemical, and immunological properties and on their clinical significance in allergic patients.
    [Show full text]
  • Salsola Kali, Russian Thistle
    Of interest this week at Beal... Russian thistle Salsola kali Family: the Goosefoot family, Chenopodiaceae Also called tumbleweed, prickly saltwort, and windwitch W. J. Beal Botanical Garden The genus name Salsola means ‘salted’ in Latin. This alludes to the fact that many spe- cies of Salsola are salt-loving or halophytic in their preferences. Our species, Salsola kali is one such salt tolerating species. In many parts of the Midwest, Russian thistle is best established along roads that are salted during the winter. This creates a belt of territory along the roadside that is a somewhat halophytic environment. Tumbleweed is a cultural and botanical icon of the American West. Until late in the nineteenth century, the term ‘tumbleweed’ usually meant a native plant, Amaranthus alba. This species of amaranth grows into a rounded bushy configuration connected to the ground only where its taproot enters the soil. When this annual weed dies, the weak attachment to the taproot breaks off allowing it to roll, tumbling across the ground distributing its seeds along the way. However, the tumbling habit is in no way unique to the Amaranthus tumbleweed. In 1874, (the year of Winston Churchill’s birth) Russian thistle arrived in South Da- kota, from Russia, as a contaminant of flax seed. Its habit of becoming a tumbleweed allowed it to spread quickly across the arid, alkaline, and often salty soils of the West. Salsola has been the majority stockholder in the U. S. tumbleweed category for many decades. Today it can be seen forming gigantic drifts along fence rows and actually fill- ing small ravines throughout the plains in the late summer and fall.
    [Show full text]
  • CHENOPODIACEAE 藜科 Li Ke Zhu Gelin (朱格麟 Chu Ge-Ling)1; Sergei L
    Flora of China 5: 351-414. 2003. CHENOPODIACEAE 藜科 li ke Zhu Gelin (朱格麟 Chu Ge-ling)1; Sergei L. Mosyakin2, Steven E. Clemants3 Herbs annual, subshrubs, or shrubs, rarely perennial herbs or small trees. Stems and branches sometimes jointed (articulate); indumentum of vesicular hairs (furfuraceous or farinose), ramified (dendroid), stellate, rarely of glandular hairs, or plants glabrous. Leaves alternate or opposite, exstipulate, petiolate or sessile; leaf blade flattened, terete, semiterete, or in some species reduced to scales. Flowers monochlamydeous, bisexual or unisexual (plants monoecious or dioecious, rarely polygamous); bracteate or ebracteate. Bractlets (if present) 1 or 2, lanceolate, navicular, or scale-like. Perianth membranous, herbaceous, or succulent, (1–)3–5- parted; segments imbricate, rarely in 2 series, often enlarged and hardened in fruit, or with winged, acicular, or tuberculate appendages abaxially, seldom unmodified (in tribe Atripliceae female flowers without or with poorly developed perianth borne between 2 specialized bracts or at base of a bract). Stamens shorter than or equaling perianth segments and arranged opposite them; filaments subulate or linear, united at base and usually forming a hypogynous disk, sometimes with interstaminal lobes; anthers dorsifixed, incumbent in bud, 2-locular, extrorse, or dehiscent by lateral, longitudinal slits, obtuse or appendaged at apex. Ovary superior, ovoid or globose, of 2–5 carpels, unilocular; ovule 1, campylotropous; style terminal, usually short, with 2(–5) filiform or subulate stigmas, rarely capitate, papillose, or hairy on one side or throughout. Fruit a utricle, rarely a pyxidium (dehiscent capsule); pericarp membranous, leathery, or fleshy, adnate or appressed to seed. Seed horizontal, vertical, or oblique, compressed globose, lenticular, reniform, or obliquely ovoid; testa crustaceous, leathery, membranous, or succulent; embryo annular, semi-annular, or spiral, with narrow cotyledons; endosperm much reduced or absent; perisperm abundant or absent.
    [Show full text]
  • Weed Notes: Salsola Kali Tunyalee Morisawa the Nature Conservancy
    Weed Notes: Salsola kali TunyaLee Morisawa The Nature Conservancy Wildland Weeds Management and Research http://tncweeds.ucdavis.edu 12 August 1999 Background: Many common names, russian thistle, tumbleweed, common saltwort, windwitch and prickly glasswort, are listed for Salsola kali. S. kali is a member of the Chenopodiaceae (goosefoot or beet family) and is native to Russia and Siberia. In 1873, russian thistle was brought to the U.S. in contaminated flax seed. Prevalence in the semidesert range of western states is due to its drought tolerance and long-distance method of seed dispersal. Mature plants grow 31-152 cm high and are bushy, dense annuals. Young plants have stems with red or purple stripes. The 1.3 - 6.4 cm long leaves are alternate, thread-like, cylindrical or awl-shaped with pointed tips. The flowers are solitary, small and greenish to white in color and lack petals. Papery spine-tipped bracts are present at the base of each flower. Russian thistle typically blooms from July to October. However, this plant is indeterminate and continues to flower and produce seed until temperatures drop below -3.9° C. Reproduction: Salsola kali is a summer annual that reproduces by seed. Fruit contains a single seed and has 5 wings - one from the back of each sepal. When the plant is mature it breaks off at the ground forming “tumbleweeds” that are tossed by the wind, scattering seeds. A single plant can produce 100 - 200,000 seeds. Little moisture (0.25-0.76 cm of rainfall) is required for germination. Seeds are dormant over winter allowing the seed to germinate in spring over a wide range of temperatures (optimum temperatures ranging from 7.2° C to 35° C) generally in late March or early April.
    [Show full text]
  • Kali Komarovii (Amaranthaceae) Is a Xero-Halophyte with Facultative
    Flora 227 (2017) 25–35 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Flora j ournal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/flora Kali komarovii (Amaranthaceae) is a xero-halophyte with facultative NADP-ME subtype of C4 photosynthesis a,∗ b b a O.L. Burundukova , E.V. Shuyskaya , Z.F. Rakhmankulova , E.V. Burkovskaya , c d e E.V. Chubar , L.G. Gismatullina , K.N. Toderich a Institute of Biology & Soil Science, Far East Branch of the RAS, Stoletya Prospect 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia b K.A. Timiryazev Plant Physiology Institute RAS, Botanicheskaya St. 35, Moscow 127276, Russia c Far Eastern Marine Reserve, Palchevskogo St. 17, Vladivostok 690041, Russia d Samarkand State University, 140104, University Boulevard, 15, Samarkand, Uzbekistan e International Center for Biosaline Agriculture (ICBA), 100000, Osye St., 6A, Tashkent, Uzbekistan a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: Kali komarovii is a representative of C4 NADP-ME annual species of sect. Kali (subfam. Salsoloideae of Received 13 May 2016 fam. Amaranthaceae). This species is genetically close (Ney’s distance is 0.16–0.17) to K. paulsenii and K. Received in revised form 8 December 2016 tragus, which are similar species of this section of the Central Asian desert flora. The difference is that K. Accepted 10 December 2016 komarovii inhabits Japanese Sea coasts and occurs at 9000–10,000 km away from Central Asia. Compar- Edited by Hermann Heilmeier ative analysis of K. komarovii and arid NADP-ME xero-halophytes (K. paulsenii, K. tragus) and NAD-ME Available online 13 December 2016 halophytes (Caroxylon incanescens, Climacoptera lanata) was carried out using anatomical, physiological and population genetic methods aimed to reveal structural and functional rearrangements, which pro- Keywords: Salsoloideae vide the adaptation of NADP-ME species to saline, wet and cool conditions of sea coasts.
    [Show full text]
  • WOOD ANATOMY of CHENOPODIACEAE (AMARANTHACEAE S
    IAWA Journal, Vol. 33 (2), 2012: 205–232 WOOD ANATOMY OF CHENOPODIACEAE (AMARANTHACEAE s. l.) Heike Heklau1, Peter Gasson2, Fritz Schweingruber3 and Pieter Baas4 SUMMARY The wood anatomy of the Chenopodiaceae is distinctive and fairly uni- form. The secondary xylem is characterised by relatively narrow vessels (<100 µm) with mostly minute pits (<4 µm), and extremely narrow ves- sels (<10 µm intergrading with vascular tracheids in addition to “normal” vessels), short vessel elements (<270 µm), successive cambia, included phloem, thick-walled or very thick-walled fibres, which are short (<470 µm), and abundant calcium oxalate crystals. Rays are mainly observed in the tribes Atripliceae, Beteae, Camphorosmeae, Chenopodieae, Hab- litzieae and Salsoleae, while many Chenopodiaceae are rayless. The Chenopodiaceae differ from the more tropical and subtropical Amaran- thaceae s.str. especially in their shorter libriform fibres and narrower vessels. Contrary to the accepted view that the subfamily Polycnemoideae lacks anomalous thickening, we found irregular successive cambia and included phloem. They are limited to long-lived roots and stem borne roots of perennials (Nitrophila mohavensis) and to a hemicryptophyte (Polycnemum fontanesii). The Chenopodiaceae often grow in extreme habitats, and this is reflected by their wood anatomy. Among the annual species, halophytes have narrower vessels than xeric species of steppes and prairies, and than species of nitrophile ruderal sites. Key words: Chenopodiaceae, Amaranthaceae s.l., included phloem, suc- cessive cambia, anomalous secondary thickening, vessel diameter, vessel element length, ecological adaptations, xerophytes, halophytes. INTRODUCTION The Chenopodiaceae in the order Caryophyllales include annual or perennial herbs, sub- shrubs, shrubs, small trees (Haloxylon ammodendron, Suaeda monoica) and climbers (Hablitzia, Holmbergia).
    [Show full text]
  • The C4 Plant Lineages of Planet Earth
    Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol. 62, No. 9, pp. 3155–3169, 2011 doi:10.1093/jxb/err048 Advance Access publication 16 March, 2011 REVIEW PAPER The C4 plant lineages of planet Earth Rowan F. Sage1,*, Pascal-Antoine Christin2 and Erika J. Edwards2 1 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S3B2 Canada 2 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, 80 Waterman St., Providence, RI 02912, USA * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected] Received 30 November 2010; Revised 1 February 2011; Accepted 2 February 2011 Abstract Using isotopic screens, phylogenetic assessments, and 45 years of physiological data, it is now possible to identify most of the evolutionary lineages expressing the C4 photosynthetic pathway. Here, 62 recognizable lineages of C4 photosynthesis are listed. Thirty-six lineages (60%) occur in the eudicots. Monocots account for 26 lineages, with a Downloaded from minimum of 18 lineages being present in the grass family and six in the sedge family. Species exhibiting the C3–C4 intermediate type of photosynthesis correspond to 21 lineages. Of these, 9 are not immediately associated with any C4 lineage, indicating that they did not share common C3–C4 ancestors with C4 species and are instead an independent line. The geographic centre of origin for 47 of the lineages could be estimated. These centres tend to jxb.oxfordjournals.org cluster in areas corresponding to what are now arid to semi-arid regions of southwestern North America, south- central South America, central Asia, northeastern and southern Africa, and inland Australia.
    [Show full text]
  • Curriculum Vitae
    Curriculum Vitae Name: Saw Leng Guan, FASc Born: 14 December 1955, Taiping, Perak, MALAYSIA Sex: Male Nationality: Malaysian Home Address: 19 Jalan Tekoma KS6 Bandar Botanic 41200 Klang Selangor Malaysia Tel.: +603-331 82467 Mobile: +6019-274 5512 e-mail: [email protected] or [email protected] Office Address: Penang Botanic Gardens Pavilion Administration Complex Jalan Kebun Bunga 10350 Penang Malaysia Tel: +6019-2745512 Email: [email protected] Academic Qualifications a. Bachelor of Science (Forestry), Agriculture University of Malaysia (UPM), 1981 b. Master of Science (Pure and Applied Plant and Fungal Taxonomy), University of Reading, 1990 c. Doctor of Philosophy, University of Reading, 1994 Thesis 1. Saw L.G. (1981). Progress of crop: Composition, density and growth patterns of Rhizophora dominated stands before first thinning in Matang Mangroves Forest Reserve, Perak. Final year thesis. U.P.M. 2. Saw L.G. (1990). A revision of the genus Licuala (Palmae) subgenus Libericula. M.Sc. thesis. University of Reading. 3. Saw L.G. (1994). The taxonomy and ecology of the genus Licuala (Palmae) in Malaya. Ph.D. thesis, University of Reading. Awards and Conferment National and International Awards, and Conferment 1. Royal Botanic Gardens Edinburgh (RBGE) Medal – 2016. 2. Conferred as Fellow of the Academy of Sciences Malaysia, 2013. 3. National Book Award 2012 – Technical Book – Wild Orchids of Peninsular Malaysia. 4. British High Commission’s Chevening Scholarships Scheme: Royal Society – Malaysian Fellowship, 1999/2000 (15 January 2000 – 15 June 2000) Schools attended a. Anglo Chinese (Primary) School, Malacca 1962–1967 Page 1 of 19 b. Anglo Chinese (Secondary) School, Malacca 1968 c.
    [Show full text]
  • Chenopodiaceae . Salsola Salsoloideae ...% S. Tomentosa S
    : : !" !#$ %&' : * () : ! . . , 2 3# 45 ! 6, 7 !82 69 (1-- ./0 . (-- + , Chenopodiaceae * ; +; B (-- + , Salsola . /< ! /, 3# 8 . 3# = / !0 !; >? . , @ 2:#;. !> @2: ; =* C $#D E? @2 F;. + ,/ 5$ +; G> $ @ !; , . /, ! Salsoloideae * !"# L.9 / !;2 F;. 5$ +; . /, ! E"# # @ K . !" ; H IH& = J * 3; G> $ ! ; @2>", . MN *O !;< = @B8 #H = 4 8P @ #; Q = R . 2;8 . IHN = @ , = < !0 ; . // ! / D :; I ST < !; , @ + L,< @ . */, M T 3# @ + @ H >P Q2 H ? ! @ !W @ < . @ ;< 4 9TD +; . L L 8 BU0 " , MN V9H @ N D X L7 !% N G> $ @ *:#;. < * YD ! 6, 7 !>ZZP !"; +; G> $ @ L S. *:#;. =/ */, */<7 % (1 [</0 \ , L7 !% "; @ . L I.O !, @2< */ , 7 @2 < . ! < !% . IPOD . * I.O :; !"; < V;, ^ S. arbusculiformis , S. orientalis , tomentosa S. incanescens , S. @ ! .< /P < # @. */, `a @ ;< I . /;. ! @ ;_ < 8 0 < )n=ef S. tomentosa , S. crassa S. kali . * / U >_; 8 0 . )n =(c S. turkestanicabbb dendroides . 3; `. .< LO (1 S. kali . S. crassa . =* Q g, g;9D */, @ h D ;< . /, ! / U >7 D LO ( . 3; ` .< LO (i S. tomentosa ./ @ 8< h D ;< 9D ; 3; M `. .< LO e . H; 6;BH h D ;< 9D 3; M `. .< LO 3; . 3; ` .< LO c S. turkestanica . 3; M ` .< !. < /P . +; . / , :; @ # h D ;< 9D 3; ` .< LO j S. dendroides . S. incanescens . @ @ (X) !. .< ;7 /P . L */, 8< h D ;< 9D !. .< /P 6;BH . , !8< I.OD h D ;< 9D ^ . /, ! X=j */, ECOSYTOLOGICAL STUDY OF SOME SPECIES OF THE GENUS SALSOLA L. IN IRAN GHOLAMREZA BAKHSHI KHANIKI PAYAME NOOR UBIVERSITY , P. O. BOX 19396-4697, TEHRAN , IRAN Abstract The family of Chenopodiaceae includes c. 100 genera and almost 1500 species. It is widely distributed in temperate, subtropical, salin habitates, alkaline praires and saltmarshes and has an important role in the desert vegetation of the world.
    [Show full text]
  • An Illustrated Key to the Amaranthaceae of Alberta
    AN ILLUSTRATED KEY TO THE AMARANTHACEAE OF ALBERTA Compiled and writen by Lorna Allen & Linda Kershaw April 2019 © Linda J. Kershaw & Lorna Allen This key was compiled using informaton primarily from Moss (1983), Douglas et. al. (1998a [Amaranthaceae], 1998b [Chenopodiaceae]) and the Flora North America Associaton (2008). Taxonomy follows VASCAN (Brouillet, 2015). Please let us know if there are ways in which the key can be improved. The 2015 S-ranks of rare species (S1; S1S2; S2; S2S3; SU, according to ACIMS, 2015) are noted in superscript (S1;S2;SU) afer the species names. For more details go to the ACIMS web site. Similarly, exotc species are followed by a superscript X, XX if noxious and XXX if prohibited noxious (X; XX; XXX) according to the Alberta Weed Control Act (2016). AMARANTHACEAE Amaranth Family [includes Chenopodiaceae] Key to Genera 01a Flowers with spiny, dry, thin and translucent 1a (not green) bracts at the base; tepals dry, thin and translucent; separate ♂ and ♀ fowers on same the plant; annual herbs; fruits thin-walled (utricles), splitting open around the middle 2a (circumscissile) .............Amaranthus 01b Flowers without spiny, dry, thin, translucent bracts; tepals herbaceous or feshy, greenish; fowers various; annual or perennial, herbs or shrubs; fruits various, not splitting open around the middle ..........................02 02a Leaves scale-like, paired (opposite); stems feshy/succulent, with fowers sunk into stem; plants of saline habitats ... Salicornia rubra 3a ................. [Salicornia europaea] 02b Leaves well developed, not scale-like; stems not feshy; plants of various habitats. .03 03a Flower bracts tipped with spine or spine-like bristle; leaves spine-tipped, linear to awl- 5a shaped, usually not feshy; tepals winged from the lower surface ..............
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity and Management of Russian-Thistle (Salsola Tragus L.) in the Dryland Cropping Systems of the Inland Pacific Northwest
    DIVERSITY AND MANAGEMENT OF RUSSIAN-THISTLE (SALSOLA TRAGUS L.) IN THE DRYLAND CROPPING SYSTEMS OF THE INLAND PACIFIC NORTHWEST By JOHN FORREST SPRING A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY Department of Crop and Soil Science MAY 2017 © Copyright by JOHN FORREST SPRING, 2017 All Rights Reserved © Copyright by JOHN FORREST SPRING, 2017 All Rights Reserved To the Faculty of Washington State University: The members of the Committee appointed to examine the dissertation of JOHN FORREST SPRING find it satisfactory and recommend that it be accepted. _________________________________________ Drew J. Lyon, Ph.D., Chair _________________________________________ Ian C. Burke, Ph.D. _________________________________________ Eric H. Roalson, Ph.D. _________________________________________ Frank L. Young, Ph.D. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Thank you to all that contributed to the conduct of this work, and to the education of a would-be scientist: my advisor, Drew Lyon, and committee members, program technicians, professors, and fellow graduate students. iii DIVERSITY AND MANAGEMENT OF RUSSIAN-THISTLE (SALSOLA TRAGUS L.) IN THE DRYLAND CROPPING SYSTEMS OF THE INLAND PACIFIC NORTHWEST Abstract by John Forrest Spring, Ph.D. Washington State University May 2017 Chair: Drew J. Lyon Russian-thistle (Salsola tragus L.) is one of the most troublesome weed species in the low- and intermediate-precipitation dryland wheat-fallow cropping zones of the inland Pacific Northwest (PNW). High levels of morphological diversity typify the species on global, continental and regional scales. Previous research in California found this variability to encompass a largely cryptic complex of five distinct species in populations of Salsola in that state.
    [Show full text]
  • Kali Dodecanesicum (Chenopodiaceae, Salsoloideae) a New Species from Greece
    Phytotaxa 218 (1): 061–068 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2015 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.218.1.4 Kali dodecanesicum (Chenopodiaceae, Salsoloideae) a new species from Greece CRISTIAN BRULLO1, SALVATORE BRULLO1*, VINCENZO ILARDI2 & GIANPIETRO GIUSSO DEL GALDO1 1Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Università di Catania, via A. Longo 19, I 95125 Catania, Italy; [email protected] 2Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare, Università di Palermo, via Archirafi 26, I 90123 Palermo, Italy * Corresponding author Abstract Kali dodecanesicum, a new species from some islands (i.e. Rhodes, Kos and Nisyros) of the Dodecanese in the south-east- ern Aegean (Greece), is described and illustrated. According to recent literature, Kali is treated as a distinct genus from the polyphyletic Salsola s.l., which includes several annual species. The new species is morphologically well separated from the other Kali taxa mainly for the shape of the fruiting perianth, showing closer relationships with Kali ponticum. Its ecologi- cal requirements, distribution, and conservation status are also examined, together with an analytic key of the Kali species occurring in the Mediterranean area. Key words: Greece, Dodecanese, Salsola, taxonomy Introduction The recent phylogenetic analyses concerning Salsola Linnaeus (1753: 222) s. lat. carried out by Pyankov et al. (2001), Kapralov et al. (2006), Gaskin et al. (2006), Akhani et al. (2007), Ayers et al. (2009), Wen et al. (2010), and Kadereit & Freitag (2011) clealy showed that it is a polyphyletic genus. Among the several segregated genera, Kali Miller (1754: without pagination) was restored by Akhani et al.
    [Show full text]