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Prisons and Punishments in Late Medieval London
Prisons and Punishments in Late Medieval London Christine Winter Thesis submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the University of London Royal Holloway, University of London, 2012 2 Declaration I, Christine Winter, hereby declare that this thesis and the work presented in it is entirely my own. Where I have consulted the work of others, this is always clearly stated. Signed: Date: 3 Abstract In the history of crime and punishment the prisons of medieval London have generally been overlooked. This may have been because none of the prison records have survived for this period, yet there is enough information in civic and royal documents, and through archaeological evidence, to allow a reassessment of London’s prisons in the later middle ages. This thesis begins with an analysis of the purpose of imprisonment, which was not merely custodial and was undoubtedly punitive in the medieval period. Having established that incarceration was employed for a variety of purposes the physicality of prison buildings and the conditions in which prisoners were kept are considered. This research suggests that the periodic complaints that London’s medieval prisons, particularly Newgate, were ‘foul’ with ‘noxious air’ were the result of external, rather than internal, factors. Using both civic and royal sources the management of prisons and the abuses inflicted by some keepers have been analysed. This has revealed that there were very few differences in the way civic and royal prisons were administered; however, there were distinct advantages to being either the keeper or a prisoner of the Fleet prison. Because incarceration was not the only penalty available in the enforcement of law and order, this thesis also considers the offences that constituted a misdemeanour and the various punishments employed by the authorities. -
1 Giltspur Street
1 GILTSPUR STREET LONDON EC1 1 GILTSPUR STREET 1 GILTSPUR STREET INVESTMENT HIGHLIGHTS • Occupies a prominent corner position in the heart of Midtown, where the City of London and West End markets converge. • Situated on the west side of Giltspur Street at its junction with West Smithfield and Hosier Lane to the north and Cock Lane to the south. • In close proximity to Smithfield Market and Farringdon Station to the north. • Excellent transport connectivity being only 200m from Farringdon Station which, upon delivery of the Elizabeth Line in autumn 2019, will be the only station in Central London to provide direct access to London Underground, the Elizabeth Line, Thameslink and National Rail services. • 23,805 sq. ft. (2,211.4 sq. m.) of refurbished Grade A office and ancillary accommodation arranged over lower ground, ground and four upper floors. • Held long leasehold from The Mayor and Commonalty of the City of London for a term of 150 years from 24 June 1991 expiring 23 June 2141 (approximately 123 years unexpired) at a head rent equating to 7.50% of rack rental value. • Vacant possession will be provided no later than 31st August 2019. Should completion of the transaction occur prior to this date the vendor will remain in occupation on terms to be agreed. We are instructed to seek offers in excess of£17 million (Seventeen Million Pounds), subject to contract and exclusive of VAT, for the long leasehold interest, reflecting a low capital value of £714 per sq. ft. 2 3 LOCATION & SITUATION 1 Giltspur Street is located in a core Central London location in the heart of Midtown where the City of London and West End markets converge. -
A Study of London's Transported Female Convicts 1718-1775
University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 2006 From Newgate to the New World: a study of London's transported female convicts 1718-1775 Jennifer Lodine-Chaffey The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Lodine-Chaffey, Jennifer, "From Newgate to the New World: a study of London's transported female convicts 1718-1775" (2006). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 9085. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/9085 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Maureen and Mike MANSFIELD LIBRARY The University of Montana Permission is granted by the author to reproduce this material in its entirety, provided that this material is used for scholarly purposes and is properly cited in published works and reports. ^Please check "Yes" or "No" and provide signature** Yes, I grant permission No, I do not grant permission ___________ Author's Signature: . Date: 5" - M - O C Any copying for commercial purposes or financial gain may be undertaken only with the author's explicit consent. 8/98 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. -
Excavations on the Site of St Nicholas Shambles, Newgate Street, City of London, 1975-9
EXCAVATIONS ON THE SITE OF ST NICHOLAS SHAMBLES, NEWGATE STREET, CITY OF LONDON, 1975-9 John Schofield With contributions by Ian M Betts, Tony Dyson, Julie Edwards, Richard Lea, Jacqui Pearce, Alan Thompson and Kieron Tyler SUMMARY World War; in 1974 Victorian buildings (the lower storeys of part of the original structure) The site of the small parish church of St Nicholas and a large circular ventilation shaft occupied Shambles, north of Newgate Street in the City of London the south-west quarter of the site. The eastern was excavated in 1975-9. ^^ church, which was demol half of the site, beyond Roman Bath Street ished in 1552, lay under modern buildings which had (which lay on the line of the medieval Pentecost removed all horizontal levels and only truncated foundations Lane), was already lost to archaeological investi survived. It is suggested that the church had five phases of gation as the cumulative effect of building and development: (i) a nave and chancel in the early nth clearance had removed all deposits. The north century; (ii) an extension of the chancel, probably a sanctu west quarter of the site, west of Roman Bath ary, in the period 1150-1250 or later; (Hi) chapels to Street and north of the church site, was also the north and south of the extended chancel, 1340—1400; excavated in 1975-9 (sitecode POM79), and (iv) a north and south aisle (1400-50, possibly in stages; publication of this excavation is planned for some (v) rebuilding of part of the north wall and a north vestry point in the future. -
London Heroes LONDON HISTORY DAY at HOME – FAMILY GUIDE
LONDON HISTORY SCHOOLS DAY - TEACHERS’ GUIDE 1 London Heroes LONDON HISTORY DAY AT HOME – FAMILY GUIDE Sunday 31 May 2020 #LondonHistoryDay #LondonTogether LONDON HISTORY SCHOOLS DAY - TEACHERS’ GUIDE COPYRIGHT Greater London Authority May 2020 Greater London Authority City Hall The Queen’s Walk More London London SE1 2AA london.gov.uk enquiries 020 7983 4000 LONDON HISTORY DAY AT HOME – FAMILY GUIDE 3 CONTENTS Introduction 5 Celebrate London History Day at home 6 Checklist 7 London icons 8 Hidden heroes 17 Activities: Preparation for the day 25 Activities: On the day 31 Templates 36 London heroes’ timeline 39 Useful links 45 LONDON HISTORY DAY AT HOME – FAMILY GUIDE 4 LONDON HISTORY DAY AT HOME – FAMILY GUIDE 5 Introduction London History Day is a celebration of what makes London a unique city. Launched by Historic England in 2017, London History Day is celebrated annually on 31 May. The date marks the anniversary of the day Big Ben first started keeping time in 1859. This year, in a tough and challenging time for the city, the day will celebrate London’s resilience. From small acts of kindness and individual heroism to battles fought and won, London’s history is teeming with stories of resilience, courage and compassion. On 31 May 2020 Londoners will come together virtually to celebrate the city’s proud history of resilience. We will share stories that remind us of the incredible strength, courage and community spirit of Londoners today, and throughout history. It will be a day to reflect, create, connect with each other and have fun. Learn more about London History Day at www.HistoricEngland.org.uk/ LondonHistoryDay LONDON HISTORY DAY AT HOME – FAMILY GUIDE 6 Celebrate London History Day at home In previous years, London primary We appreciate that all Londoners are schools and nurseries have celebrated facing challenging circumstances at London History Day on the last Friday present. -
The Tower of London Historic Environment Site Form
The Tower of London Historic Environment site form a) The reasons for the location of the site within its surroundings b) Why and when people first created the site c) The ways in which the site has changed over time d) How the site has been used throughout its history e) The diversity of activities and people associated with the site f) The reasons for changes to the site and to the way it was used g) Significant times in the site’s past: peak activity, major developments, turning points h) The significance of specific features in the physical remains of the site i) The importance of the whole site either locally or nationally, as appropriate j) The typicality of the site based on a comparison with other similar sites k) What the site reveals about everyday life, attitudes and values in particular periods of history l) How the physical remains may prompt questions about the past and how historian frame these as valid historical enquiries m) How the physical remains can inform artistic reconstructions and other interpretations of the site n) The challenges and benefits of studying the historic environment Tower of London The Tower of London is a 1,000-year-old castle that protects the Crown Jewels. It was a royal palace, a secure fortress, and an infamous prison. Kings and queens demonstrated their power from here, shaping our society and influencing our world. The framework of fortress, palace and prison helps us understand the roles of the Tower in the past and in the present and will be used throughout this resource. -
The Newgate Calendar
THE NEWGATE CALENDAR Edited by Donal Ó Danachair Volume 1 Published by the Ex-classics Project, 2009 http://www.exclassics.com Public Domain -1- THE NEWGATE CALENDAR The anxious Mother with a Parents Care, Presents our Labours to her future Heir "The Wise, the Brave, the temperate and the Just, Who love their neighbour, and in God who trust Safe through the Dang'rous paths of Life may Steer, Nor dread those Evils we exhibit Here". -2- VOLUME 1 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION TO THE EX-CLASSICS EDITION.............................................10 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE......................................................................................11 PREFACE To the 1780 Edition ...................................................................................16 PREFACE To Knapp and Baldwin's edition ...............................................................18 THOMAS DUN Head of a Gang of Outlaws, on Account of whom King Henry I. is credibly supposed to have built Dunstable. Executed Piecemeal................................21 SIR GOSSELIN DENVILLE Head of a Gang of Robbers who had the audacity, so it is said, to hold up King Edward II...............................................................................25 ALICE ARDEN of FEVERSHAM Executed with her lover Mosbie and Others in the Year 1551 for the Murder of her Husband ..................................................................28 LORD STOURTON AND FOUR OF HIS SERVANTS Executed 6th of March, 1556, for the Murder Of William Hartgill, Esq., and his Son John, of Kilmington, Somerset, -
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A number of fragments of the defensive wall, originally built by the Romans around Londinium, still exist and can be viewed by tracing the line of the wall. In 1984 the Museum of London set up the London Wall Walk with 21 tiled panels (not all remain). The booklet they produced in conjunction with this is no longer available but a map can be downloaded from the website in PDF format [ click here ]. A 3 mile walk following the wall from Tower Hill to Blackfriars is detailed below. A series of photos can be viewed on flickr INTRODUCTION Londinium was founded in AD43 when the Romans invaded Britain but was destroyed by Queen Boudica in AD60. It was rebuilt as a city from AD70 to include a forum & basilica, a palace and an amphitheatre & fort to the north west by AD125. When the wall was built around AD200 this fort was incorporated. The wall, of about 2 miles, was 6m high with gateways at road intersections. It was built of Kentish Ragstone, brought by boat along the Medway and Thames, with bands of red tiles. A wall along the river was added, along with towers in the eastern section, in the 4th century. The Saxons who followed lived outside the walls in the Aldwych area but in the Medieval period people moved back and rebuilt the walls for defence. From the 17th century as London grew the walls were incorporated into buildings or used to provide materials. The following information is correct at June 2010 PANEL 1 is at the underpass between Tower Hill tube station and the Tower of London. -
Planning and Transportation 23 June 2020 Subject: 81 Newgate Street
Committee: Date: Planning and Transportation 23 June 2020 Subject: Public 81 Newgate Street London EC1A 7AJ Part refurbishment and part demolition, excavation and redevelopment involving the erection of an additional four storeys to provide a ground plus 13 storey building with publicly accessible route through the site, incorporating gym and swimming pool (Use Class D2) at basement levels, gym and flexible floor area uses (Use Classes A1- A5, B1, D2) at basement level, retail (A1-A5) at ground floor level with access to offices and rooftop restaurant and public viewing gallery, office accommodation (Use Class B1a) from levels 1-13, roof top restaurant (Use Class A3) and publicly and privately accessible roof terraces, landscaping and other associated works. Ward: Cheap For Decision Registered No: 20/00311/FULMAJ Registered on: 1 April 2020 Conservation Area: Listed Building: No Summary The above scheme proposes a mixed-use scheme that provides: 1. 67,802sq.m of office 2. A mixture of retail and leisure with a gym across basement and ground floor levels with an internal street. 3. A restaurant and bar at the 13th floor level and a free public terrace at the 13th floor level with a dedicated access route. The building is a transformational project, largely utilising the existing building, infilling the atrium and adding extensions and utilises existing building materials for the facade. It is a high quality design that it appropriate to its local context, in its impact on the setting of listed buildings and on the LVMF Views and better reveals St Paul's Cathedral. The proposed retail and leisure uses and internal street support the business City and the Culture Mile and is well located in relation to public transport. -
Postman's Park Conservation Area
January 2018 Postman’s Park Conservation Area Draft Supplementary Planning Document January 2018 1 January 2018 Christchurch Greyfriars; Watts memorial Detail of gravestone, Postman’s Park; post-box, St Martin’s le Grand 2 January 2018 Contents Introduction p.5 Planning Policies p.7 The Conservation Area p.11 Boundary & Fringe p.12 Buildings p.13 Green Spaces p.28 Streets, Routes, Public Realm & Transportation p.34 Views p.37 Nocturnal Character p.38 Appendix 1: Historical Development p.39 Appendix 2: Local Details p.42 Cover image: View of St Botolph Aldersgate across Postman’s park, 1886 Watercolour by John Crowther (1837-1902) Source: Collage (https://collage.cityoflondon.gov.uk) 3 January 2018 Postman’s Park conservation area offers an arresting experience of ruins and formal architecture within a biodiverse setting. Conservation area status helps to manage and promote its special interest so that the area can remain a key part of the City’s appeal to businesses, residents and visitors. 4 January 2018 Introduction Located to the west of the City, Postman’s Park conservation area encompasses the former City headquarters of the General Post Office, a section of the Roman and medieval City wall including the Aldersgate, two City churches and churchyards and the medieval street plan. Characterisation Historical extended to the north in 1900 when buildings In the 2nd century much of the conservation area along Little Britain were demolished. That year, the was enclosed by the Roman city wall, which ran Watts Memorial to Heroic Self-Sacrifice was along most of the northern boundary. Gates at unveiled in the park. -
Changing London 12 07 Changing London Changing London
07 Changing London 12 07 Changing London Changing London AN HISTORIC CITY FOR A MODERN WORLD NEXT ISSUE SAVING LONDON LONDON’S SPORTING HERITAGE MARKETS WHAT HAS BEEN HAPPENING WITH SOME OF With the 2012 Olympics being held in London, LONDON’S HISTORIC BUILDINGS we will be looking at the wide variety of Reminders of London’s ancient markets are all But it is not only in the centre of London that historic buildings and sites associated with around in the capital’s street names: medieval markets add to the character of an area. Across sport in the capital down the centuries. Cheapside, 17th century Haymarket, 18th the city, around one hundred general and century Shepherd Market… specialist markets of all sorts bring life and Markets have always had an impact on vitality to our streets, often reflecting something London’s built environment.The splendid of the nature of the communities in which they Billingsgate market hall designed by Horace have developed. New markets, such as the Jones in 1874 is a reminder of the area’s burgeoning ‘Farmers’ Markets’, bring a temporary association with fish (and bad language!) even village air to several London neighbourhoods. though the market itself moved to the Isle of In this issue of Changing London we look at Dogs in 1982.The attractive Victorian market this rich and diverse aspect of the capital. buildings of Leadenhall and Smithfield are still in use, although there are concerns about the future of Smithfield. SPITALFIELDS CHARNEL HOUSE BRUSHFIELD STREET In advance of major redevelopment of the western area of the former Spitalfields horticultural market, archaeological investigation unearthed the substantial remains of a 14th century charnel house associated with the priory of St Mary Spital. -
Prison Records
RESEARCH GUIDE Prison Records Research Guide 59 - Prison Records CONTENTS Introduction 1. City of London Prisons 1.1. Miscellaneous records relating to prisons and compters 1.2. Newgate Prison 1.3. Poultry Compter 1.4. Wood Street Compter 1.5. Giltspur Street Compter 1.6. Southwark Compter (also known as Borough Compter) 1.7. Bridewell Hospital 1.8. Ludgate Prison 1.9. The Debtors Prison or Whitecross Street Prison 1.10. Holloway Prison 2. Middlesex Prisons 2.1. Clerkenwell House of Correction (also known as Clerkenwell Bridewell) 2.2. New Prison or House of Detention, Clerkenwell (later Clerkenwell Prison) 2.3. Middlesex House of Correction, Cold Bath Fields 2.4. Westminster Gatehouse 2.5. Westminster House of Correction, Tothill Fields (also known as Westminster Bridewell) 3. Central Government Prisons 3.1. Holloway Prison 3.2. Wandsworth Prison 3.3. Wormwood Scrubs 3.4. HM Young Offender Institute and Remand Centre, Feltham Introduction Before 1878 most prisons were the responsibility of local government. However the Tower of London, the Fleet Prison, the Marshalsea in Southwark and the King’s (or Queen’s Bench) also in Southwark were controlled by the Crown and the central courts. Records of these prisons are held by The National Archives. Prisons were used to keep those awaiting trial or execution of sentence in safe custody, to coerce debtors or the contumacious, and as a punishment in itself. Originally all these types of prisoners were confined in the same gaol, but later more specialised prisons were developed for different types of inmate. The sheriff of each county by the 12th century was required to provide a gaol for his county.