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William H. Simpson: General's General
RICE UNIVERSITY . .V7ILLIAM H. SIMPSON: GENERAL* S GENERAL (A .BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH AND CRITICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY) « by * . « ■ Thomas Richardson Stone » 0f A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER- OF ARTS Thesis Director's signature: Houston, Texas May, 1971 t ABSTRACT ; WILLIAM H. SIMPSON: GENERAL'S GENERAL (A BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH AND CRITICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY) BY ' ^ THOMAS RICHARDSON STONE Foundations for the careers; of great’men are’often laid in early life. This paper deals with events in the first 21 years,of the life of William H. Simpson who later commanded the 350»000 man Ninth.Army as it raced across Germany in the Second World War. V- The development of the West Texas county in which General Simpson was raised; the General’s early life as well as his V/est Point days, during which the tall Texan was shaped into a second lieu¬ tenant in the United States Army, are examined. .An anno¬ tated bibliography including letters written to and interviews conducted by the author as well as printed material supplements the text. To Cindy, Sarah and Tommy : :'.V. Preface Thanks are offered to the many people,who, realizing the limited time.available for .preparation of this paper, gave their assistance freely to-.meo- The staff of the Fondren Library responded rapidly to my every request. Mrs. Monika Orr of the Interlibrary Loan ■ desk was particularly helpful and through her diligent ef¬ forts several rare books from other collections were made available to me. Mr. James McIntosh and his staff of the Jefferson Davis Association which has offices at Rice Uni¬ versity, provided a warm welcome, a sympathetic ear, and a hot cup of coffee to me when they were needed most. -
Errors in American Tank Development in World War II Jacob Fox James Madison University
James Madison University JMU Scholarly Commons Masters Theses The Graduate School Spring 2013 The rW ong track: Errors in American tank development in World War II Jacob Fox James Madison University Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/master201019 Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Fox, Jacob, "The rW ong track: Errors in American tank development in World War II" (2013). Masters Theses. 215. https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/master201019/215 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the The Graduate School at JMU Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of JMU Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Wrong Track: Errors in American Tank Development in World War II Jacob Fox A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of JAMES MADISON UNIVERSITY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Department of History May 2013 ii Table of Contents Abstract ........................................................................................................... iii Introduction and Historiography ....................................................................... 1 Chapter One: America’s Pre-War tank Policy and Early War Development ....... 19 McNair’s Tank Destroyers Chapter Two: The Sherman on the Battlefield ................................................. 30 Reaction in the Press Chapter Three: Ordnance Department and the T26 ........................................ -
The National War College Marking 70 Years of Strategic Education
National War College (Katie Freeman) The National War College Marking 70 Years of Strategic Education By Janet Breslin-Smith eventy years ago, a war-weary Soviet aggression shattered postwar Washington struggled with dreams of peace. With the dawn of S uncertainty and alarm. Exhausted 1946 we entered a new strategic era— after years of global conflict and still the bipolar struggle with the Soviet Dr. Janet Breslin-Smith was Chair of the carrying memories of the Great Depres- Union. Department of National Security Strategy at the National War College (NWC) and taught sion, America yearned for home and The Nation responded. Testifying to at the college from 1992 to 2006. She is prosperity. Yet barely 6 months after the resilience and creative pragmatism of co-author of The National War College: A victory in World War II, Washington American leadership, Washington’s alarm History of Strategic Thinking in Peace and War (NWC Association, 2008). She is President of faced troubling signs of danger ahead. and uncertainty soon were replaced by Crosswinds Strategic Consulting. A past ally was becoming a threat. productivity and accomplishment. Key JFQ 84, 1st Quarter 2017 Breslin-Smith 59 that year, these men developed the first “joint” evolution in professional military education—the Army-Navy Staff College, a 12-week program for selected officers for command and staff duty in unified or coordinated com- mands. This idea caught on and by 1944 there was growing support, not only for enhanced joint senior officer education but also for a larger institu- tional reorganization cutting across the Executive Branch. -
American Jews Serve in World War II by Seymour "Sy" Brody
American Jews Serve in World War II by Seymour "Sy" Brody When the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, and the United States declared war on Japan and Germany, American Jewish men and women responded to their country's call for the armed forces. Over 550,000 served in the Armed Forces of the United States during World War II. About 11,000 were killed and over 40,000 were wounded. There were two recipients of the Congressional Medal of Honor, 157 received the Distinguished Service Medal and Crosses, which included Navy Crosses, and 1,600 were awarded the Silver Star. About 50,242 other decorations, citations and awards were given to Jewish heroes for a total of 52,000 decorations. Jews were 3.3 percent of the total American population but they were 4.23 percent of the Armed Forces. About 60 percent of all Jewish physicians in the United States under 45 years of age were in service uniforms. President Franklin D. Roosevelt praised the fighting abilities and service of Jewish men and women. General Douglas MacArthur in one of his speeches said, "I am proud to join in saluting the memory of fallen American heroes of the Jewish faith." At the 50th National Memorial Service conducted by the Jewish War Veterans of the United States, General A. Vandergrift, Commandant, U.S. Marine Corps, said, "Americans of Jewish faith in the Marine Corps have served with distinction throughout the prosecution of this war. During the past year, many Jewish fighting men in our armed forces have given their lives in the cause of freedom. -
BATTLE-SCARRED and DIRTY: US ARMY TACTICAL LEADERSHIP in the MEDITERRANEAN THEATER, 1942-1943 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial
BATTLE-SCARRED AND DIRTY: US ARMY TACTICAL LEADERSHIP IN THE MEDITERRANEAN THEATER, 1942-1943 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Steven Thomas Barry Graduate Program in History The Ohio State University 2011 Dissertation Committee: Dr. Allan R. Millett, Adviser Dr. John F. Guilmartin Dr. John L. Brooke Copyright by Steven T. Barry 2011 Abstract Throughout the North African and Sicilian campaigns of World War II, the battalion leadership exercised by United States regular army officers provided the essential component that contributed to battlefield success and combat effectiveness despite deficiencies in equipment, organization, mobilization, and inadequate operational leadership. Essentially, without the regular army battalion leaders, US units could not have functioned tactically early in the war. For both Operations TORCH and HUSKY, the US Army did not possess the leadership or staffs at the corps level to consistently coordinate combined arms maneuver with air and sea power. The battalion leadership brought discipline, maturity, experience, and the ability to translate common operational guidance into tactical reality. Many US officers shared the same ―Old Army‖ skill sets in their early career. Across the Army in the 1930s, these officers developed familiarity with the systems and doctrine that would prove crucial in the combined arms operations of the Second World War. The battalion tactical leadership overcame lackluster operational and strategic guidance and other significant handicaps to execute the first Mediterranean Theater of Operations campaigns. Three sets of factors shaped this pivotal group of men. First, all of these officers were shaped by pre-war experiences. -
Belgian Laces
Belgian Laces “Le Gros-Chêne”, the Old Oak Tree, around 1875 – from a painting by Auguste Barbier http://ibelgique.ifrance.com/arbresdumonde/chene_set.htm Volume 17 # 65 December 1995 BELGIAN LACES ISSN 1046-0462 Official Quarterly Bulletin of THE BELGIAN RESEARCHERS Belgian American Heritage Association Founded in 1976 Our principal objective is: Keep the Belgian Heritage alive in our hearts and in the hearts of our posterity President Pierre Inghels Vice-President Micheline Gaudette Assistant VP Leen Inghels Treasurer Marlena Bellavia Secretary Patricia Robinson Dues to THE BELGIAN RESEARCHERS with subscription to BELGIAN LACES Are: In the US $12.00 a year In Canada $12.00 a year in US funds Other Countries $14.00 a year in US funds Subscribers in Europe, please add US $4.00 if you wish to receive your magazine per airmail. All subscriptions are for the calendar year. New subscribers receive the four issues of the current year, regardless when paid. Opinions expressed in Belgian Laces are not necessarily those of The Belgian Researchers or of the staff. TABLE OF CONTENTS Member portrait: Don DALEBROUX 62 A Gold Mine of Data, Georges PICAVET 63 Le Vieux Chene, Leen INGHELS 63 Sheldon, NY, Micheline GAUDETTE 65 Wisconsin Corner, Mary Ann Defnet, 70 Perfect Timing, Don VAN HOUDENOS 72 Henry VERSLYPE, Pierre INGHELS 73 Belgo-American Centenarian, Leen INGHELS 74 WWII Memories, John VAN DORPE 74 Where in Cyberspace is Belgium?, Hans Michael VERMEERSCH 75 Those Wacky Walloons!, Leen INGHELS 76 Manneken Pis 77 Passenger Lists, M. GAUDETTE -
To Download PDF Appendices
H APPENDIX A H D-Day Inc.’s Ownership Structure, Board of Directors, and Key Personnel holly owned subsidiary of the United States and United Kingdom’s W military services. Board of Directors: Franklin D. Roosevelt, president of the United States and chairman of the Board, D-Day Inc Winston S. Churchill, prime minister of the United Kingdom, vice-chairman Josef Stalin, general secretary of the Communist Party, leader of the Soviet Union Henry “Hap” Arnold, general, CEO of U.S. Army Air Forces Alan Brooke, field marshal, CEO of the British Army Ernest J. King, admiral, CEO of U.S. Navy George C. Marshall, general, CEO of the U.S. Army Other members of the board were Admiral William Leahy, chief of staff to President Roosevelt (the equivalent of the modern chairman of the joint chiefs), lead like ike and the senior British officers in charge of the Royal Navy and Royal Air Force. Key Personnel: General Sir Harold Alexander, Eisenhower’s No. 2 in North Africa, Sicily, and Italy. General Omar N. Bradley, commander of all U.S. land forces in France from June 1944 until the war’s end in May 1945. Named five-star General of the Army in 1950. Admiral Sir Andrew Cunningham, Ike’s naval deputy from July 1942 until January 1944, when he became Britain’s first sea lord. General Courtney Hodges, commander of the U.S. First Army. Air Chief Marshal Sir Trafford Leigh-Mallory, air forces deputy from January 1944 until war’s end. Field Marshal Sir Bernard Law Montgomery, commander of all British and Canadian forces in France from June 1944 until war’s end. -
Hymel on Caddick-Adams, 'Snow and Steel: the Battle of the Bulge, 1944-45'
H-War Hymel on Caddick-Adams, 'Snow and Steel: The Battle of the Bulge, 1944-45' Review published on Monday, April 20, 2015 Peter Caddick-Adams. Snow and Steel: The Battle of the Bulge, 1944-45. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014. 928 pp. $34.95 (cloth), ISBN 978-0-19-933514-5. Reviewed by Kevin Hymel Published on H-War (April, 2015) Commissioned by Margaret Sankey On December 16, 1944, three German armies burst out of the Ardennes forest along the border of Belgium and Luxembourg and drove a wedge in the American lines. Through heavy snowstorms and fog, German forces clashed with the Americans in a series of battles soon thereafter referred to the as the Battle of the Bulge. The month-long campaign tested the Americans as never before, and they came out victorious. British historian Peter Caddick-Adams’s book on the battle, Snow and Steel, is a triumph of research and narrative. The author delves into a thorough examination of the events, people, and motives for the campaign, not reaching the commencement of the battle until page 265, but the information is important and satisfying to anyone wanting to understand Adolf Hitler’s last gasp to win World War II in the west. Caddick-Adams provides full biographies of the German army commanders from Adolf Hitler to the division commanders—and sometimes a few echelons below. Of particular interest is Hitler’s (and subsequently the German people’s) belief that Wagnerian music harkened to folklore about the strength Germans derived from their country’s dark forests, and a belief that Germany had their enemies right where they wanted them once they entered the German lair. -
Belgian Events - March 2013
Belgian Events - March 2013 Newsletter of the Embassy of Belgium in London Table of contents ECONOMIC NEWS BELGIUM AND THE WORLD SPORTS NEWS CULTURE INTERVIEW WITH A BELGIAN IN THE UK DID YOU KNOW? BELGIAN CLUBS AND ORGANISATIONS BELGIAN HONORARY CONSULATES IN THE UK CALENDAR OF EVENTS ANNOUNCEMENTS ECONOMIC NEWS Umicore, most sustainable company in the world Umicore was declared the most sustainable company in the world during the World Economic Forum in Davos last week. The Canadian independent media and investment research company Corporate Knights put the Belgian business at the top of their latest Global 100 ranking, nabbing the gold from Brazilian cosmetics company Natura and the Norwegian oil company Statoil. Umicore specialises in recycling technology and manufactures catalysts for cars which reduce pollution. It also recycles materials like gold, copper, nickel and rare metals such as palladium from used car batteries and printing plates. Ecological efficiency is high on the agenda of the company, which plans on-site wind turbines and aims to reduce its level of CO2 emissions by 20% in 2015 compared to 2006. The fact that the corporation has a one-to-five ratio of female representatives on their board of directors and a CEO (Marc Grynberg) who earns ‘only’ 34 times as much as the average employee, ensured Umicore’s exceptional score as far as the social component of the index is concerned. In 1989, Umicore was set up after the merger of mining giant Union Minière and the lead- processing plant Metallurgie. The company became one of the most spectacular and successful industrial reconversions in Belgium and has gradually managed to position itself as a global player among major recycling businesses. -
HODGES, COURTNEY HICKS: Papers, 1904-65
DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER LIBRARY ABILENE, KANSAS HODGES, COURTNEY HICKS: Papers, 1904-65 A70-86 Processed by: BSR, SMM Date Completed: 4-7-70 The personal papers of General Courtney H. Hodges, a career army officer, were deposited in the Eisenhower Library in March, 1970 by his widow, Mildred Lee Hodges. In December 1969, Mrs. Hodges executed an instrument of gift for these papers. Linear feet of shelf space occupied: 12.8 Approximate number of pages: 25,600 Approximate number of items: 8,500 Literary rights in the unpublished writings of Courtney Hodges are reserved to Mrs. Mildred Lee Hodges during her lifetime, and thereafter, to the people of the United States. By agreement with the donor the following classes of documents will be withheld from research use: 1. Papers relating to private business affairs of individuals and to family and personal affairs. 2. Papers relating to investigations of individuals or to appointments and personnel matters. 3. Papers containing statements made by or to Courtney H. Hodges in confidence unless in the judgement of the Director of the Dwight D. Eisenhower Library the reason for the confidentiality no longer exists. 4. All other papers which contain information or statements that might by used to injure, harass, or damage any living person. SCOPE AND CONTENT NOTE The personal papers of Courtney H. Hodges span the years 1904 to 1965 but the bulk and most significant parts cover the period from 1938 to 1949 particularly while he was head of Third Army and the Southern Defense Command at Fort Sam Houston, Texas controlling the Louisianan Maneuver area (February 1943-March 1944); while Deputy Commander to General Omar Bradley, First Army (March- August 1944); and as Commanding General of the First Army (August 1944-January 1949). -
34 ARMY August 2011
U.S. Army U.S. 34 ARMY I August 2011 By COL Cole C. Kingseed U.S. Army retired n the 70 years since the United States tion for the postwar world. embarked upon World War II, the repu- Two years from the day when Japan at- tations of many senior field comman- tacked Pearl Harbor, President Franklin ders have ebbed and flowed. None has Roosevelt informed Eisenhower that he was withstood the judgment of history more to command the Allied Expeditionary Force. so than that of GEN Dwight D. (Ike) Though the President had considered Army Eisenhower, Supreme Commander of Chief of Staff GEN George Marshall for the the Allied Expeditionary Force. Over appointment, Roosevelt felt he could not the course of the European war, Eisen- spare Marshall from Washington, D.C. Con- hower made numerous critical decisions in- sequently, he appointed Eisenhower, whom volving the selection of subordinates, mili- he considered “the best politician among tary strategy, and the cohesion of the the military men. He is a natural leader who Western Alliance, but three controversial de- can convince other men to follow him, and cisions stand out and mark Ike as a great this is what we need in his position more commander: the decision to launch D-Day, than any other quality.” Ike proved an in- the broad front strategy and the redirection spired choice. of Allied forces from Berlin toward the On February 12, 1944, Eisenhower re- Southern Redoubt in April 1945. Ike’s three ceived the formal directive from the Com- critical decisions as Supreme Commander bined Chiefs of Staff (CCS): “You are hereby not only dictated the course of the war in designated as Supreme Allied Commander northwest Europe, but also laid the founda- of the forces placed under your orders for August 2011 I ARMY 35 The Eisenhower Presidential Library The Eisenhower Presidential Top commanders of the Allied Expeditionary Force meet in London in 1944 to discuss the cross-Channel invasion, code- named Operation Overlord. -
The Huertgen Forrest: the Necessary Battle By: Craig Bayer This Paper
The Huertgen Forrest: The Necessary Battle by: Craig Bayer This paper was awarded the Loyola University History Award for Outstanding History Senior Thesis for the 2001-2002 Academic Year. PREFACE World War II histories about the European theater spend much of the time talking about the D-Day invasion, Operation Cobra, Market Garden, The Battle of the Bulge, and the final surrender of Nazi German. These events all occurred between June-September 1944 and December-May 1944-1945. Very little time is spent on the events that occurred between September and December of 1944. Before September the Allies had been doing many exciting things, opening up a second front on the beaches of Normandy, liberating Paris, and chasing the German Army across France. At the beginning of September, S.H.A.E.F, “Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force” believed that the German Army was on the brink of defeat. During the months of June, July, and August alone, the German Army had suffered 1,210,600 casualties in campaigns in the east and west. 1 It was during the months of September to February that the Battle of the Huertgen Forest occurred. 2 The Huertgen Forest, a wooded area of 50 square miles sits on the border of Belgium and Germany about 5 miles south of the city of Aachen. Not much has been written about the events that took place in the forest and there are several reasons. Operation Market Garden overshadowed the beginning of the battle and the Battle of the Bulge overshadowed its end. American forces did most of the fighting in the Huertgen and British historians, who wrote many of the post war histories, spent little if any time concentrating on the Huertgen.