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IlII II III I II I I I I 1'21 I I I1I I I I q I I I I I I I I I4 I I I I I I I I I 5I I IIOlhs 1 THE acaaernfc London and Wick UK microforme limited Web: www.academicmirrofonns.com I i WELLCOME TRUST 1989f90 p ST;NT3T ~ ,; lb,1111 IlIl +~~ï+i~~~+ 1111 1111 I111 1111 1111 1111 1111, IIN 4' ,, NINETEENTH REPORT Further copies of this report are available from: The Wellcome Trust I Park Square West London NWl 4LJ Tel: 071-486 4902 First pnblished 1991 @ The Trustees of the Wellcome Trust 1991 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any or by any means electronic. mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the Wellcome Trust. Printed by Taylor Bloxham Limited, Leicester ISBN 1 869835 11 5 BOARD OF TRUSTEES CONTENTS Chairman R G Gibbs BOARD OF TRUSTEES 2 4 Deputy Chairman C E Gordon Smith, CB,MD,FRCP,FRCPath CHAIRMAN’S PREFACE INTRODUCTIONAND POUCY 5 Trustees The Rt Hon the Lord Swann, FRS (to February 1990) FINANCE Il Professor Sir Stanley Peart, MD, FRCP, FRS I Helm Muir, CBE, MA, DPhil, DSc, FRS ADMINISTRATION 13 (to September 1990) supporn FOR MEDICAL RESEARCH 20 J J B Jack, BM, PhD Sir Peter Cazalet CAREER DEVELOPMENT !%HEMES 24 Professor Sir David Weatherall, MD, FRCP, FRS PRINCIPAL RESEARCH FELLOWSHIPS AND SENIOR LEcTuRESHlpI 25 (from March 1990) SENlDR RESEARCH FELLOWSHIPS IN BASK BIOMEDIEU SCIENCES 27 Professor Sir Hans Kornberg, ScD, HonFRCP, FRS SENIOR RESEARCH FELLDWSHIPS 113 CLINICAL SCIENCE 29 (from October 1990) RESEARCH TRAININ<( FE-HIPS IN CUNKAL EPIDEM~OLOOY 31 Secretary to RESEARCH TRAINING FELLomHlps FOR MEDICALAND DENTAL oRu>umr 32 the Trustees P O Williams, DSc(Hon), DM(Hon). FRCP TRAIMNO FELLOWSHIPS IN HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH 54 M~IEMATICALBloukY FS-HIPS AND SCHOLARSHIPS 35 PRIZE STUDENMIIPS 36 VACATION XHOLARSHIPS 40 RESEARCH SUPWRTED THROUGH TRUST PANELS 41 NEWSCIENCES 42 INFECttDNAND IMMUNITY 55 MOLECULAR AND CEU 65 PHVSIDLOGY AND PHARHACOLOQY 77 SPECIAL INTEREST GROUPS 87 CLINICAL INTEREST GROUP 8B TROPICAL MEDICINE INTEREST GROUP 90 VETERINARY INTEREST GRWP 95 VISION RESEARCH WDRKlNe PARTY 100 SUPPORT FOR OTHER RESEARCH OVeRMs 103 EUROPEAN PROCRAMME 104 OTHER OVERSEAS AWARDS 112 TRAVEL GRANTS 118 SUPPORT FOR THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE 117 WELLCOME INSTITUTE FOR THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE 128 WELLCOME TROPICAL IIYSntUTE AND mlCALDISEASES VIDUIDLu: PRWECT 132 WELLCOME TRUST FILM UNIT 134 MEDALS AND PRIZES 136 INDEXES 137 2 3 CHAIRMAN’S PREFACE INTRODUCTION AND PWCY I It has been another year of progress and expansion for the Wellcome Trust. Expenditure in the This report reviews the financial year 1 October 1989 to 30 September 1990, during which the current year will be $78.7 million compared with $64.1 million for the year ended 30 September Trust has had f63.0m available for its activities. This is an increase off13.7m on the pmious year. 1990 - an increase of23 per cent. It is anticipated that theTrust’s income will continue to grow, The policy statement for 1990191issued in October 1990envisaged anetpenditure totaliing S78.7m atleastinlinewithinflation, forthe foreseeablefuture. Thisstrong financialpositionisin nosmall for 1990191 ofwhich $72.7111 will beavailable for thesupportofscientificresearch, and thehistory way due to the continued success of Wellcome pic. The Trust’s existing commitments to medical research continue to be maintained and in the of medicine. past year many new initiatives have also been undertaken. Among those implemented in 1990 This is the last introduction (thesixteenth)to aTrust report that IwiUwriteMoretheappoinment was the Hitchings-Elion Fellowship schemewhich will enable up to fifteen United States’medical of a new Director. Even though I will he responsible for the period of the 1990/91 report, its scientists to work in Britain each year. This new arrangement has been organized with the co- introduction will he focused through the eyes ofmy successor DI Bridget M Ogüvie. I therefore operationoftheFogarty Foundation and theBurroughsWellcome Fund. it illustrates theimportance take this opportunity to express my personal views on the role of the Tnst in medical research the Trust attachesto increasingAnglo-hencan exchangesand also recognises the research activities today. Before doing so may I congratulate Dr Ogilvie on her appointment. Having personally of Dr George Hitchings and Dr Trudy Elion, who both won the Nobel Prize for Medicine in recruited her as the first Director of Science Programmes at the Tnst it gives me great pleasure 1988 for their many years ofcreative work at Burroughs Wellcome. The results oftheir research to pass on the mantle to her. have made a significantcontribution to the prosperity ofboth Wellcome plcand the WellcomeTrust. On the domestic front, theTrust has becomevery concerned about thelevel ofsalaries in medical The Wellcome Trust is an independent organisationwhich creates its own policy. It must, of research. In October 1989 it was decided to expand the prize studentship scheme so that up to course, do this on the basis ofknowledge ofthe state of the universities, the governmentand the sixty PhD students could receive a realistic stipend. Also, the Tnst has enhanced the salaries of National Health Service, and the changes taking place therein. Sometimes the Trust may have to postdoctoral fellows and research assistants to a level which we believe will encourage them to react to these changes. Most ofthe time, however, its task must be to decide what is the best way stay in medical research. The Trustees are leased that other medical research charities and the to pursue Sir Henry Wellcome’s stated purpose - to advance knowledgeinthe biomedicalSaences Medical Research Council have accepted t!e need for these improved PhD stipends. and the history of medicine ‘which may conduce to the improvement of the physical condition The most important project that the Trust is undertaking at present is the refurbishmentofthe of mankind: Thus, scientific quality and relevance to the physical condition of mankind is the Wellcome Building. It will house theTnst’s offices and the Wellcome Library of the History of first criterion for selection. Inevitably in a field like medicine anumber ofperipherai possibilities Medicine, which will be linked by a tunnel to its very large book store in Bentley House on the north side of the Euston Road. The reconstructionof the Wellcome Building has required much arise which must be resisted if the central objective is to be limited enough to he effeaive. The planning and in the case ofthe exhibition ‘Sciencefor Life’, a great deal ofimaginative work. The usual diversions are requests for funds to support the university system, the health care system Wellcome Building will, we hope, become a centre for medical science and history and form a and special groups of deprived people. focus for medical research in Britain when it is occupied in early 1992. There are obviously sound reasons why help should be given to these three categories. However, TwoTrustees,Dr Helen Muir and Lord Swann, retired during theyear. Helen Muir was a Tmstee once supported, they have an enormous appetitewhich would soon devour the resources ofeven for eight years. She is a dedicated research worker and always showed the deepest interest in the such a relatively rich trust as the Wellcome. We have therefore taken the line that the university Trust’s affairs. Her contribution to medical research has been considerable and we will miss her and health care systems must logically benefit as a spin-off from our central purpose rather than partici ation in our activities at Park Square West. as central themes. Nevertheless the Wellcome Trust is now a very significant source of tünding LoriSwann retired on 1 March 1990 after seventeen years as a Trustee. Very sadly, he died suddenly on 22 September. Michael Swann was the most talented and congenial ofmen who gave for universities.It also provides grants and has started to train researchetS for health services researdi. great help toa wide variety ofinstitutions,both within and outside the academic world. He made Wejudgeproposalsfromthesesectors, likeallothers,onthemeritsofthescientificcasapresen~. a telling contributionto the success and development ofthe WellcomeTmst. He is greatly missed This attitude means that we tend to leave to others the lobbying and negotiation that has been by us all. so active during the past year in relation to changes in the universities and health service, resulting On 3OJune, Sir Alfred Shepperd retired. Hejoined Wellcome Foundation Limited as Finance from the early activities of the University Funding Council and in conneaion with the Health Director in 1972andbecameitsChairmanand ChiefExecutivein 1977. Si Alfredled the Wellcome Services Act. There are enough voices from the universities and the medical world representing Gmup through its most excitingperiod ofgrowth and also through its transition to publiccompany their case. TheTiustees and their staffare therefore pleased to support the AssociationofMedical status. He canquiterightly look back, with considerablepride, on what the Company has achieved Research Charities and the academic committeeconvened by the Royal College of Physicians over the past two decades. We at the Trust are most grateful to him. He has been succeeded by - Sir Alistair Frame as Chairman of Wellcome plc and by MI John Robb as Chief Executive. We and serve on these - without feeling obliged to take part in further political lobbying. wish them both every success in the years ahead. Wenotethat thenewpressuresontlteuniversitiestobefinanciallylessdependenton~~ent It was recently announced that Dr Peter Williams, who has been Director ofthe WellcomeTrust are pushing them to sources of hinding that are less conducive to academic freedom than grants forthepasttwenty-skyears, willretireon30September 1991.HewillbesucceededbyDrBridget from an independent research council or a charitable foundation. it is difficult to believe that in Ogilvie, who is the Director of Science Programmes at the Trust.