Rev. Biol. Trop., 44(3)/45(1): 295-299, 1996-1997

A new subspecies of (Sauna: Polychrotidae) from Western

O. Pérez-Beato 6780 W 2nd Ct. Apt. 212, Hialeah, Florida 33012, U.S.A.

(Rec. l-IX-1995. Rev. ll-IX-1995. Acep. 22-11-1996)

Abstract: A new subspecies of Anolis porcatus Gray, is described fromwestem Cuba. The main characters differenti­ ating Anolis porcattis aracelyae are a Iight blúe tint dorsum and an elongated ear opening. The distribution of the new taxon may be explained on the basis of allopatry in the Guaniguanico mountain range.

Key words: Anolis porcatus, Cuba, Polychrotidae , subspecies

Since the original description of Anolis por­ examined 325 additional specimens from popu­ catus (Gray 1840), this was twice con­ lations throughout Cuba; unfortunately, sorne sidered a subspecies of of tbis have been lost. Duméril and Bibron (Barbour 1937, Oliver The presence of a peculiar phenotype with a 1948), although Gray's allocation generally has light blue color in adult males and with an prevailed. The most complete systematic treat­ elongated ear opening in both sexes became ment was by Ruibal and Williams (1961). They evident in samples from western Cuba. This described the variability observed among and variation in ear shape had been noted by Ruibal between populations of A. porcatus across and Williams (1961) for Pinar de Río popula­ Cuba and proposed not fewer than four tions. The distribution of this phenotype hypotheses to explain the possible existence of ineludes almost the entire province of Pinar del several species and subspecies. Ruibal (1964) Río, and its discov�ry makes necessary a new reiterated the possibility that A. porcatus may systematic arrangement: represent more than one species. Schwartz and Henderson recently (1991) confirmed specific Anolis porcatus Gray, 1840 status to A. porcatus Powell (1992) presented a Anolis porcatus Gray, 1840. Catalogue of the species of complete review of this species. collected in Cuba by W.S. MacLeay, Esq. Ann. I first collected A. porcatus in 1978 from Nat. Hist. p. 112. localities in La Habana, Ciudad de la Habana, Diagnosis: A long snouted with nos­ and Pinar de Río. I noted that all adult males trils separated from the rostral by three scales, from this last localityhad a light blue dorsum. bordered posteriorly by five scales; ventral Sustained collecting initiated during 1988 in scale at mid-búdy in transverse and diagonal Western Cuba. from an imaginary N-S line rows; both ventral scale at mid-body in trans­ uniting Limonar with Rosario (north of the verse and diagonal rows; both ventral and dor­ Easter Zapata Swamp) in Matanzas Province to sal scales slightly keeled; frontal ridge higher Cabo de San Antonio and the Isla de Pinos than canthal in most males; postocular scales inc1uded specimens from 82 localities. 1 also (between the ear opening and the posterior bor- 296 REVISTA DE BIOLOGIA TROPICAL

Fig. 1. Collecting localities.

der of the orbit) flat and enlarged; ear opening Distribution: This subspecies has a disjunct circular, or, in specimens from Pinar del Río distribution from a line extending from ca. 6 Province, with an acute posterior margin; male km W of Vista del Mar south through color from dark brown to brilliant green or Quiebrahacha and Cabanas to approximately light blue in populations of Pinar del Río the mouth of the San Cristobal River eastto the Province. Ventral coloration white, greenish, or eastern Jimit of the Island of Cuba; in the most yellowish; males with a mauve or pale mauve western part of Guanahacabibes Península from dewlap, females without dewlap or with a ves­ a Hne extending from boca del Cuyaguateje ca. tigial one in populations of eastern Cuba. 5 km N of Cortés to the east coast of Garnacha Males to 84mm snout-vent length (SVL), inlet west to Cabo de San Antonio, the western females to 70 mm SVL. limit of the Island of Cuba; is al so found on Distribution: This species is common severa! keys: Cinco Leguas, Guajaba, San throughout Cuba and the Isla de Pinos, and is Felipe, Inés de Soto, Francés, and Santa María. also found on several keys of the Cuban Populations have become established in Santo Archipelago: Cinco Leguas, Guajaba, San Domingo, probably since 1955 (Powell, 1990). Felipe, Inés de Soto, Francés, and Santa María. These are abundant in gardens, yards, Anolis porcatus aracelyae, new subspecies publíc parks, gro ves, and throughout areas of human settlements. The species is rare in Holotype: An adult male, (Museo Nacional de Historia densely forested regions and appears to prefer Natural, Habana, Cuba) MNHNCU-I445, collected at the town of Santa Damiana, 3.5 km NE of San Juan y disturbed areas. This preference has also been Martinez, Pinar del Río Province, 20 m aboye sea level, by reported from Santo Domingo populations by Riberto Arencibia. Powell et al. (1990). Paratypes: Síxteen adult males, MNHNCU-1442-3, 1446-51, 1453-6, 1459, 1462-4; and 16 adult females, MNHNCU-1467-71, 1473-83; collected by Riberto Anolis porcatus porcatus Gray Arencibia, Emilio Alfaro, Rafael Quinones, Antonio Pérez­ Asso, and Octavio Pérez-Beato at the type localíty on May Diagnosis: A subspecies of Anolis porcatus 22.1989. characterized by a circular ear opening; body Diagnosis: A subspecies of Anolis porcatus color from dark brown to brilliant green; ven­ characterized by a long head (male head tral color white, greenish, or yellowish; males lengthlhead width 1.87 to 2.16) and a moder­ wíth a mauve or light mauve dewlap, females ately elongated ear opening resembling that of without a dewlap or with only a vestigial one in Anolis allisoni, phenotypic frequency from popúlations from eastern Cuba; males to 84 20% in populations from eastern or western mm SVL, females to 70 mm SVL. boundaries of the subspecies to 100% in popu- O. Pérez-Beato: A new subspecies of Anolis 297 lations from the central, northern, and southern Coloration in Efe ís light blue from the parts of the range. Adult males Iight blue with cephalic to the lumbar region, with dark dark vermÍCulations from the cephalic to the vermiculations; white spots on the sides of lumbar regions; tail color light green with dark the nape, and in sorne individuals on the vermiculations; sorne individuals with scattered fianks. In certain' populations the bIue color white scales, more abundant on the hind legs is more intense on the head and nape, and and nape. Females light green with a beige or along the fianks and the lumbar area, some­ light brown middorsal stripe in most popula­ times with a bluish green tint. In different tions; ear opening elongated as in males. Males populations females have a greenish shade to 84 mm SVL, females 62mm SVL. on the throat and on the anterior part of the Description oC the holotype: An adult chest; body color of females is light green male, 76 mm SVL with a mutilated taíl; head in aH populations. length 24.4 mm; head width 12.7 mm; inter­ Habitat: Santa Damiana is a small rural orbital distance 3.2 mm; distance between the town without paved streets. Houses are wide­ anterior border of the orbit to the tip of snout ly spaced with ample gardens and yards inter­ 12.4 mm; femur length 17.2 mm; postocular connected by shrubbery and small plantings. scales enlarged and fiat; earopening lengthened Parcels are limited by wire fences overgrown longitudinally; frontal ridges higher than can­ by creeping plants. The low terrain is covered thals; six supra-labial scales from rostral to eye; with wild grasses. Specimens were collected 16 loreal scales; 4 post-mental scales; 26 dorsal on fences, trunks of small trees, gardens, scale rows; 28 ventral scale rows; 11 interpari­ creeping plants, and on bushes 100-200 m etal scales; 2/3 scales between semicircles and from the nearest houses. These lizards are interparietal; 5 scales between nares; and one rare in forested areas but abundant in all dis­ scale row between suboculars and supralabials. turbed zones. Color in life: Light blue color from the Etimology: The subspecies is named after cephalic region to the lumbar area and with my wife, Aracely. intense vermiculations; white spots on the nape; a cospicuous pale green to creamy mid­ dorsal line; scapular spot dark brown to black. COMPARISON Color in alcohol: General color is blue­ grey; postocular area deep blue; supraotic The light blue dorsum in Anolis porcatus region yelIowish green; middorsal region and aracelyae is similar to the deep blue in hindlimbs cerulean blue, but limbs blotched; Anolis allisoni. The ear opening of Anolis p. white spots on the nape to the scapular region; aracelyae also reminds one of A. allisoni, venter marbled with white; nasals, canthals, however the ¡atter species has a more elon­ and frontals brown. gated ear opening with a skin foId in the Distribution: This subspecies is found upper border which is absent in A. p. largely in Pinar del Río Province, from a line aracelyae. Females of this subspecies have a extendíng from ca. 6 km W of Vista del Mar maximum SVL of 62 mm and males of 84 south through Quiebrahacha and Cabanas to mm, while females of eastern Anolis p. por­ the mouth of the San Cristóbal River west to a catus have a maximum SVL of 70 mm and Une extending from ca. 5 km N of Cortés, males of only 81mm. For females mean val­ approximately the mouth of the Cuyaguateje ues, Student t-test p<0.05. River, to the coastline of the Garnacha inlet. More material would be necessary to Variation: Maje paratypes are 63-78 mm investigate the possibility that the eastern­ SVL; loreal scales 16-24; supralabial scales 7-8 most populations of Anolis porcatus is a dis­ (to the middle of the eye), only one specimen tinct subspecies. The evidence offered by with six. Ninety six percent have an elongated Ruibal and Williams (1961), regarding a ear opening, the remainder a circular one; 35% "central" and a "eastern" form of Anolis por­ of males have a scapular spot; most specimens catus, suggests A. p. porcatus may consist of (96%) show fiar and enlarged post-ocular scales, two different forms. Future studies with addi­ in others these scales are small and granular; all tional material are necessary to elucidate the possess frontal ridges higher than canthals. taxonomic situation for this group. N -O 00 TABLE 1

Maximum Sllout-vent length in mm of specimens of A. p. aracelyae and A. p. porcatus

Males Females Subspecies n Localities Maximum X±s.e. Maximum X±s.e.

A. p. aracelyae 538 AIl distributional area 84.0 73.1±0.622 62.0 54.9±ü.37I

A. p. porcatus 108 Península de Guanahaca 84.0 65.2±3.000 59.0 53.3±0.633 bíbes � tñ A. p. porcatus 110 Isla de Pinos 76.0 67.5±1.170 55.0 52.5±1.l80 ;;: � t:l:' A. p. porcatus 617 FromE Cabanas-mouth of 84.0 67.7±ü.763 61.0 53.9±ü.466 O San Cristobal River to Mayari-EI Cristo § :; .., A. p. porca/us 107 Easternmost portion of 81.0 73.3±1.950 70.0 61.8±1.530 :::o O Cuba* � �

* Maisi, Baracoa, lmias, Santiago de Cuba, La Cantera, Mella; n=sample size, X= arithmetic mean.

s.e.= standarderror O. Pérez-Beato: A new subspecies of Anolis 299

DISCUSSION dental de Cuba. Los caracteres que la diferencian del mate­ rial típico son: un tinte azul diluído que se extiende desde la región cefálica hasta la zona lumbar y, una abertura Gundlach's (1880) description of Anolis auditiva alargada. El área de distribución de esta nueva porcatus is based in A. allisoni. At that time, A. subespecie puede ser explicada por diferenciación alopátri­ allisoni had not been described, and A. "porca­ ca en la Cordillera de Guaniguanico. tus" inc1uded both species. Because of the descriptions of Gundlach (1880), and Barbour and Ramsden (1919), it was plausible to recog­ REFERENCES nize high variability in A. porcatus regarding the intensity of blue versus green coloration. Barbour, T. 1937. Third list of Antillean reptiles and Ruibal and Williams (1961) suggested the amphibians. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 82: 17-166.

existence of geographic races and even of dis­ Barbour, T., Ch. T. Ramsden. 1919. The Herpetology of tinct species within both nominal A. porcatus Cuba. Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. HarvardColl. 2: 1-213. and A. allisoni. They clearly described the vari­ ation in A. porcatus in terms of three popula­ Espinosa, G., C. González, V. Berovides. 1985. Albúminas de suero y esterasa de músculo en poblaciones de tions: western, central, and eastern. ITheir Anolis porcatus Gray 1840, del occidente de Cuba. "western porcatus" was the first approximation Carib. J. Sci. 21: 55-62. of the presentA. p. aracelyae. Pérez-Beato and Berovides' (1982) elec­ Gray, J. E. 1840. Catalogue of species of reptiles collected trophoretic studies reported a difference in the in Cuba by W. S. Macleay. Esq. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 5: 108-115. speed of migration of a protein (possibly

semm albumin) observed in blood samples of Gundlach, J. C. 1880. Contribución a la Herpetología A. porcatus from Habana and Pinar del Río Cubana. G. Montiel. La Habana, Cuba. provinces; those from the latter locality demonstrating a slower electrophoretic frac­ Iturralde-Vinent, M. 1988. Naturaleza Geológica de Cuba. Científico Técnica, Ciudad de la Habana, Cuba. tion. These results were corroborated by

Espinosa et al (1985). Oliver, J. 1948. The anoline lizards of Bimini. Bahamas. A possible explanation for the evolution of Amer. Mus. Nov. 1383: 1-35. Anolis porcatus aracelyae could be based on the orographic phenomenon of the Powell, R. 1990. Range expansion by an introduced anole: Anolis porcatus in the Dominican Republic. Amphibia­ Guaniguanico mountain range. Apparently Reptilia. 11: 421-425. emerged since the Upper Eocene (lturralde­ Vinent 1988), these mountains may represent a geographic island where the race evolved Powell, R. 1992. Anolis porcatus Gray. Cato Amer. Amph. allopatrical1y. and Rep. 541: 1-5.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Pérez-Beato, O., V. Berovides. 1982. Estudios electro­ foréticos de las proteínas del plasma en dos especies de For help in obtaining specimens 1 thank Anolis (Sauria: 19uanidae). Poeyana. 242: 1-7. Rafael de la Vega, Xenia Hernandez, Ana Gloria Romanes and Esteban Gutierrez. Ruibal, R. 1964. An annotated checklist and key to the Orlando Garrido provided important informa­ Anoline lizards of Cuba. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 130: tion, and Robert Powell made important cor­ 475-520. rections on the manuscript. 1 am grateful to Riberto Arencibia and Emilio Alfaro for their Ruibal, R.& E. E. Williams. 1961. Two sympatric Cuban assistance. Anoles of the carolinensis Group. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 125: 182-208.

RESUMEN Schwartz, A., R. W. Henderson. 1991. Amphibians and Reptiles of the West indies: Descriptions, Una nueva subespecie de Anolis porcatus Gray, se Distributions, and Natural History. University of describe en este trabl\jo; se distribuye en la porción occi- Florida, Gainsville, Florida.