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Vocalization Behavior of the Endangered Bahama Oriole (Icterus Northropi): Ontogenetic, Sexual, Temporal, Duetting Pair, and Geographic Variation Valerie A
Loma Linda University TheScholarsRepository@LLU: Digital Archive of Research, Scholarship & Creative Works Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects 3-1-2011 Vocalization Behavior of the Endangered Bahama Oriole (Icterus northropi): Ontogenetic, Sexual, Temporal, Duetting Pair, and Geographic Variation Valerie A. Lee Loma Linda University Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd Part of the Biology Commons Recommended Citation Lee, Valerie A., "Vocalization Behavior of the Endangered Bahama Oriole (Icterus northropi): Ontogenetic, Sexual, Temporal, Duetting Pair, and Geographic Variation" (2011). Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects. 37. http://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd/37 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by TheScholarsRepository@LLU: Digital Archive of Research, Scholarship & Creative Works. It has been accepted for inclusion in Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects by an authorized administrator of TheScholarsRepository@LLU: Digital Archive of Research, Scholarship & Creative Works. For more information, please contact [email protected]. LOMA LINDA UNIVERSITY School of Science and Technology in conjunction with the Faculty of Graduate Studies ____________________ Vocalization Behavior of the Endangered Bahama Oriole (Icterus northropi): Ontogenetic, Sexual, Temporal, Duetting Pair, and Geographic Variation by Valerie A. Lee ____________________ A Thesis submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Biology ____________________ March 2011 © 2011 Valerie A. Lee All Rights Reserved Each person whose signature appears below certifies that this thesis in his/her opinion is adequate, in scope and quality, as a thesis for the degree Master of Science. , Chairperson William K. Hayes, Professor of Biology Stephen G. -
Declaración De Impacto Ambiental Estratégica
Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico Departamento de Recursos Naturales y Ambientales DECLARACIÓN DE IMPACTO AMBIENTAL ESTRATÉGICA ESTUDIO DEL CARSO Septiembre 2009 Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico Departamento de Recursos Naturales y Ambientales DECLARACIÓN DE IMPACTO AMBIENTAL ESTRATÉGICA ESTUDIO DEL CARSO Septiembre 2009 HOJA PREÁMBULO DIA- Núm: JCA-__-____(PR) Agencia: Departamento de Recursos Naturales y Ambientales Título de la acción propuesta: Adopción del Estudio del Carso Funcionario responsable: Daniel J. Galán Kercadó Secretario Departamento de Recursos Naturales y Ambientales PO Box 366147 San Juan, PR 00936-6147 787 999-2200 Acción: Declaración de Impacto Ambiental – Estratégica Estudio del Carso Resumen: La acción propuesta consiste en la adopción del Estudio del Carso. En este documento se presenta el marco legal que nos lleva a la preparación de este estudio científico y se describen las características geológicas, hidrológicas, ecológicas, paisajísticas, recreativas y culturales que permitieron la delimitación de un área que abarca unas 219,804 cuerdas y que permitirá conservar una adecuada representación de los elementos irremplazables presente en el complejo ecosistema conocido como carso. Asimismo, se evalúa su estrecha relación con las políticas públicas asociadas a los usos de los terrenos y como se implantarán los hallazgos mediante la enmienda de los reglamentos y planes aplicables. Fecha: Septiembre de 2009 i TABLA DE CONTENIDO Capítulo I000Descripción del Estudio del Carso .................................................1 -
Appendix A: Consultation and Coordination
APPENDIX A: CONSULTATION AND COORDINATION Virgin Islands National Park July 2013 Caneel Bay Resort Lease This page intentionally left blank Virgin Islands National Park July 2013 Caneel Bay Resort Lease A-1 Virgin Islands National Park July 2013 Caneel Bay Resort Lease A-2 Virgin Islands National Park July 2013 Caneel Bay Resort Lease A-3 Virgin Islands National Park July 2013 Caneel Bay Resort Lease A-4 Virgin Islands National Park July 2013 Caneel Bay Resort Lease A-5 Virgin Islands National Park July 2013 Caneel Bay Resort Lease A-6 APPENDIX B: PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT Virgin Islands National Park July 2013 Caneel Bay Resort Lease This page intentionally left blank Virgin Islands National Park July 2013 Caneel Bay Resort Lease B-1 Virgin Islands National Park July 2013 Caneel Bay Resort Lease B-2 Virgin Islands National Park July 2013 Caneel Bay Resort Lease B-3 APPENDIX C: VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE ASSESSMENTS Virgin Islands National Park July 2013 Caneel Bay Resort Lease VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE ASSESSMENTS FOR THE CANEEL BAY RESORT LEASE ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AT VIRGIN ISLANDS NATIONAL PARK ST. JOHN, U.S. VIRGIN ISLANDS Prepared for: National Park Service Southeast Regional Office Atlanta, Georgia March 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................................... ii LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................ ii LIST OF ATTACHMENTS ...................................................................................................... -
Bauhinia Variegata Botanical Name: Bauhinia Variegata Common Name
Bauhinia variegata Botanical name: Bauhinia variegata Common name: Bogakatra, Koliar Morphological characters: Bauhinia variegata is a small to medium-sized deciduous tree with a short bole and spreading crown, attaining a height of up to 15 m and diameter of 50 cm. In dry forests, the size is much smaller. The bark is light brownish grey, smooth to slightly fissured and scaly. Inner bark is pinkish, fibrous and bitter. The twigs are slender, zigzag; when young, light green, slightly hairy, and angled, becoming brownish grey. Leaves have minute stipules 1-2 mm, early caducous; petiole puberulous to glabrous, 3-4 cm; lamina broadly ovate to circular, often broader than long, 6- 16 cm diameter; 11-13 nerved; tips of lobes broadly rounded, base cordate; upper surface glabrous, lower glaucous but glabrous when fully grown. Flower clusters (racemes) are unbranched at ends of twigs. The few flowers have short, stout stalks and a stalklike, green, narrow basal tube (hypanthium). The light green, fairly hairy calyx forms a pointed 5-angled bud and splits open on 1 side, remaining attached; petals 5, slightly unequal, wavy margined and narrowed to the base; 5 curved stamens; very slender, stalked, curved pistil, with narrow, green, 1-celled ovary, style and dotlike stigma. Growing season and type: 1. In its natural habitat in India, the tree is deciduous, remaining leafless from Jan-Feb to April with leaf fall in Nov-Dec. 2. Flowering occurs when the plant is leafless. 3. Tree starts flowering at a very early age of 2-3 years. 4. The seeds disperse from the pods and germinate on sites with favourable light and moisture conditions, while in unfavourable niches the radicle dries up or is destroyed by birds. -
Dynamics of Woodpecker – Common Starling Interactions: a Comparison of Old World and New World Species and Populations
Ornis Hungarica 2016. 24(1): 1–41. DOI: 10.1515/orhu-2016-0001 Dynamics of Woodpecker – Common Starling interactions: a comparison of Old World and New World species and populations Jerome A. JACKSON1* & Bette J. S. JACKSON2 Received: May 03, 2016 – Accepted: June 10, 2016 Jerome A. Jackson & Bette J. S. Jackson 2016. Dynamics of Woodpecker – Common Starling interactions: a comparison of Old World and New World species and populations. – Ornis Hun- garica 24(1): 1–41. Abstract Woodpecker species whose cavities are most usurped by Common Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) are widespread and generalists in their use of habitats. These include primarily woodpeckers that are similar in size to or slightly larger than the starling – such as the Great-spotted Woodpecker (Dendrocopos major) of Eurasia and the Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus) and Red-bellied (Melanerpes carolinus) and Red-headed (M. erythrocephalus) Woodpeckers of North America. Usurpation occurs primarily in human-dominated urban, suburban and exurban habitats with pastures, sports fields and other open areas that serve as prime feeding habi tats for starlings. Starlings prefer high, more exposed cavities with a minimal entrance diameter relative to their body size. Usurpation success depends on timing – optimally just as a cavity is completed and before egg-lay- ing by the woodpeckers. Starlings likely reduce woodpecker populations in more open, human-dominated habi- tats. Woodpecker habitat losses and fragmentation are more serious problems that enhance habitat quality for star- lings and reduce habitat quality for most woodpeckers. The only woodpeckers that might become in danger of extinction as a primary result of starling cavity usurpation are likely island species with small populations. -
Song and Plumage Evolution in the New World Orioles (Icterus) Show Similar Lability and Convergence in Patterns
ORIGINAL ARTICLE doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00082.x SONG AND PLUMAGE EVOLUTION IN THE NEW WORLD ORIOLES (ICTERUS) SHOW SIMILAR LABILITY AND CONVERGENCE IN PATTERNS J. Jordan Price,1,2 Nicholas R. Friedman,1,3 and Kevin E. Omland4,5 1Department of Biology, St. Mary’s College of Maryland, St. Mary’s City, Maryland 20686 2E-mail: [email protected] 3E-mail: [email protected] 4Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250 5E-mail: [email protected] Received August 28, 2006 Accepted November 23, 2006 Both song and color patterns in birds are thought to evolve rapidly and exhibit high levels of homoplasy, yet few previous studies have compared the evolution of these traits systematically using the same taxa. Here we reconstruct the evolution of song in the New World orioles (Icterus) and compare patterns of vocal evolution to previously reconstructed patterns of change in plumage evolution in this clade. Individual vocal characters exhibit high levels of homoplasy, reflected in a low overall consistency index (CI = 0.27) and retention index (RI = 0.35). Levels of lability in song are comparable to those found for oriole plumage patterns using the same taxa (CI = 0.31, RI = 0.63), but are strikingly dissimilar to the conservative patterns of change seen in the songs of oropendolas (Psarocolius, Ocyalus;CI= 0.82, RI = 0.87), a group closely related to the orioles. Oriole song is also similar to oriole plumage in exhibiting repeated convergence in overall patterns, with some distantly related taxa sounding remarkably similar. -
The Sphingidae (Lepidoptera) of the Philippines
©Entomologischer Verein Apollo e.V. Frankfurt am Main; download unter www.zobodat.at Nachr. entomol. Ver. Apollo, Suppl. 17: 17-132 (1998) 17 The Sphingidae (Lepidoptera) of the Philippines Willem H o g e n e s and Colin G. T r e a d a w a y Willem Hogenes, Zoologisch Museum Amsterdam, Afd. Entomologie, Plantage Middenlaan 64, NL-1018 DH Amsterdam, The Netherlands Colin G. T readaway, Entomologie II, Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany Abstract: This publication covers all Sphingidae known from the Philippines at this time in the form of an annotated checklist. (A concise checklist of the species can be found in Table 4, page 120.) Distribution maps are included as well as 18 colour plates covering all but one species. Where no specimens of a particular spe cies from the Philippines were available to us, illustrations are given of specimens from outside the Philippines. In total we have listed 117 species (with 5 additional subspecies where more than one subspecies of a species exists in the Philippines). Four tables are provided: 1) a breakdown of the number of species and endemic species/subspecies for each subfamily, tribe and genus of Philippine Sphingidae; 2) an evaluation of the number of species as well as endemic species/subspecies per island for the nine largest islands of the Philippines plus one small island group for comparison; 3) an evaluation of the Sphingidae endemicity for each of Vane-Wright’s (1990) faunal regions. From these tables it can be readily deduced that the highest species counts can be encountered on the islands of Palawan (73 species), Luzon (72), Mindanao, Leyte and Negros (62 each). -
Multi-National Conservation of Alligator Lizards
MULTI-NATIONAL CONSERVATION OF ALLIGATOR LIZARDS: APPLIED SOCIOECOLOGICAL LESSONS FROM A FLAGSHIP GROUP by ADAM G. CLAUSE (Under the Direction of John Maerz) ABSTRACT The Anthropocene is defined by unprecedented human influence on the biosphere. Integrative conservation recognizes this inextricable coupling of human and natural systems, and mobilizes multiple epistemologies to seek equitable, enduring solutions to complex socioecological issues. Although a central motivation of global conservation practice is to protect at-risk species, such organisms may be the subject of competing social perspectives that can impede robust interventions. Furthermore, imperiled species are often chronically understudied, which prevents the immediate application of data-driven quantitative modeling approaches in conservation decision making. Instead, real-world management goals are regularly prioritized on the basis of expert opinion. Here, I explore how an organismal natural history perspective, when grounded in a critique of established human judgements, can help resolve socioecological conflicts and contextualize perceived threats related to threatened species conservation and policy development. To achieve this, I leverage a multi-national system anchored by a diverse, enigmatic, and often endangered New World clade: alligator lizards. Using a threat analysis and status assessment, I show that one recent petition to list a California alligator lizard, Elgaria panamintina, under the US Endangered Species Act often contradicts the best available science. -
Predation of Anetia Briarea Godart (Nymphalidae
Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 49(3), 1995, 223-233 PREDATION OF ANETIA BRIAREA GODART (NYMPHALIDAE: DANAINAE) AT AGGREGAllION SITES: A POTENTIAL THREAT TO THE SUR VIV AL OF A RARE MONT ANE BUTTERFLY IN THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC DEREK S. SIKES AND MICHAEL A. IVIE Department of Entomology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA ABSTRACT. Evidence of predation on Anetia briarea was discovered at the single known aggregation site on Pico Duarte in the Dominican Republic. In addition to birds, feral rats (Rattus rattus L.) are hypothesized to be involved in predatory activity affecting the aggregation. Analyses show no biases in the sex, size, or color of A. briarea taken as prey. Steps that can be taken to protect the aggregating butterflies include removal of exotic rats from the colony area. RESUMEN. Evidencia de predacion de Anetia briarea fue descubierta en el unico sitio conocido de agregacion en Pico Duarte en la Republica Dominicana. Ademas de pajaros, se cree que ratas (Rattus rattus), estan involucradas en la predlacion de las colonias. Un amilisis de predacion de las colonias de A. briarea muestra no tendencia por el genero, tamaiio, 0 color de la presa. Actividades para proteger las mariposas que se estan agregando incluyen la eliminacion de las ratas extraiias del sitio de agregacion. Additional key words: rats, conservation biology, West Indies. Predation on butterflies, although thought to be important evolu tionarily, is rarely observed in the field (Brown & Vasconcellos 1976, Bowers et al. 1985, Brower & Calvert 1985). With the exception of the observations documenting predation of monarchs at overwintering sites (Brower & Calvert 1985, Sakai 1994) most of our knowledge regarding predation on butterflies is obtained indirectly by analysis of the evidence of predation, such as beak-marked (e.g. -
A New Subspecies of Anolis Porcatus (Sauna: Polychrotidae) from Western Cuba
Rev. Biol. Trop., 44(3)/45(1): 295-299, 1996-1997 A new subspecies of Anolis porcatus (Sauna: Polychrotidae) from Western Cuba O. Pérez-Beato 6780 W 2nd Ct. Apt. 212, Hialeah, Florida 33012, U.S.A. (Rec. l-IX-1995. Rev. ll-IX-1995. Acep. 22-11-1996) Abstract: A new subspecies of Anolis porcatus Gray, is described fromwestem Cuba. The main characters differenti ating Anolis porcattis aracelyae are a Iight blúe tint dorsum and an elongated ear opening. The distribution of the new taxon may be explained on the basis of allopatry in the Guaniguanico mountain range. Key words: Anolis porcatus, Cuba, Polychrotidae , subspecies Since the original description of Anolis por examined 325 additional specimens from popu catus (Gray 1840), this species was twice con lations throughout Cuba; unfortunately, sorne sidered a subspecies of Anolis carolinensis of tbis have been lost. Duméril and Bibron (Barbour 1937, Oliver The presence of a peculiar phenotype with a 1948), although Gray's allocation generally has light blue color in adult males and with an prevailed. The most complete systematic treat elongated ear opening in both sexes became ment was by Ruibal and Williams (1961). They evident in samples from western Cuba. This described the variability observed among and variation in ear shape had been noted by Ruibal between populations of A. porcatus across and Williams (1961) for Pinar de Río popula Cuba and proposed not fewer than four tions. The distribution of this phenotype hypotheses to explain the possible existence of ineludes almost the entire province of Pinar del several species and subspecies. -
Introduction in the Americas, Agreat Diversity of Bamboo Endemic Species Is Found in Brazil, North and Central Andes, Mexico and Central America
Theme: Environment: Ecology and Environmental Concerns Mexican national living bamboo collection ex situ conservation Ma. Teresa Mejia-Saulés and Rogelio Macías Ordóñez Instituto de Ecología A.C. Carretera antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, Xalapa, Ver. 91070 México. email: [email protected]@inecol.mx In the Americas, the highest bamboo diversity and endemism is found in Brazil, the northern and central Andes, Mexico and Central America. In 2003, there were 40 native species of bamboos described for Mexico in eleven bamboo genera. Recent work has brought this number to 56 species. More than the half (34) of the Mexican bamboo species are endemic. The Mexican bamboos grow in tropical dry and perennial forests, mixed pine-oak and pine-fire forests, pine forests, and cloud forests from sea level to 3,000 m elevation. Genera of described Mexican woody bamboos species (and spp number) are: Arthrostylidium(1), Aulonemia(1),Chusquea(22),Guadua(7),Merostachys (1),Olmeca(5),Otatea(11),Rhipidocladum(4). Herbaceous genera are Cryptochloa(1),Lithachne(1),Olyra(2). Many of them have a diversity of rustic uses such as material for roofs or walls, furniture, fences, baskets, walking sticks, handcrafts, beehives, agricultural tools as well as ornamental plants. Live collections at the Botanical Gardens that preserve plant genetic resources are curated for various purposes including scientific education and research. The Francisco Javier Clavijero Botanical Garden at the Instituto de Ecología, in Xalapa, Mexico, houses the Mexican national living bamboo collection. It was stablished in 2003 with the collaborative support of INECOL, Bamboo of the Americas, and the InstitutoTecnológico de Chetumal for the ex situ conservation of Mexican bamboo diversity, research and education. -
Reporton the Rare Plants of Puerto Rico
REPORTON THE RARE PLANTS OF PUERTO RICO tii:>. CENTER FOR PLANT CONSERVATION ~ Missouri Botanical Garden St. Louis, Missouri July 15, l' 992 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The Center for Plant Conservation would like to acknowledge the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation and the W. Alton Jones Foundation for their generous support of the Center's work in the priority region of Puerto Rico. We would also like to thank all the participants in the task force meetings, without whose information this report would not be possible. Cover: Zanthoxy7um thomasianum is known from several sites in Puerto Rico and the U.S . Virgin Islands. It is a small shrub (2-3 meters) that grows on the banks of cliffs. Threats to this taxon include development, seed consumption by insects, and road erosion. The seeds are difficult to germinate, but Fairchild Tropical Garden in Miami has plants growing as part of the Center for Plant Conservation's .National Collection of Endangered Plants. (Drawing taken from USFWS 1987 Draft Recovery Plan.) REPORT ON THE RARE PLANTS OF PUERTO RICO TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements A. Summary 8. All Puerto Rico\Virgin Islands Species of Conservation Concern Explanation of Attached Lists C. Puerto Rico\Virgin Islands [A] and [8] species D. Blank Taxon Questionnaire E. Data Sources for Puerto Rico\Virgin Islands [A] and [B] species F. Pue~to Rico\Virgin Islands Task Force Invitees G. Reviewers of Puerto Rico\Virgin Islands [A] and [8] Species REPORT ON THE RARE PLANTS OF PUERTO RICO SUMMARY The Center for Plant Conservation (Center) has held two meetings of the Puerto Rlco\Virgin Islands Task Force in Puerto Rico.